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Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to explore the job burnout of primary healthcare workers in Guangzhou during the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic and its influencing factors from the perspective of institutional operation and management in 2021–2022. Methods A cross-sectional study involved 866 primary healthcare workers from different districts of Guangzhou, China. The Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) was utilized to assess job burnout. From the perspective of organizational operation and management, the possible causes of job burnout among primary healthcare workers during COVID-19 have been categorized into 7 major aspects. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify influencing factors for job burnout in primary healthcare workers. Results The detection rate of job burnout among primary healthcare workers was 78.29%. Men (OR = 2.39) and whose institution was located in urban–rural fringe (OR = 1.56) were more likely to detect job burnout. Conversely, institution heads showed a lower risk of job burnout. From the perspective of institutional operation and management, workers who were not satisfied with personnel management (OR = 2.41), materials and vehicles (OR = 2.89), subsidies and compensation (OR = 2.18), humanistic care (OR = 2.11), superior management (OR = 8.32) were found to have a higher risk of job burnout. Conclusion The detection rate of job burnout among primary healthcare workers in Guangzhou was relatively high during the period of COVID-19. When there is another sudden major epidemic, the managers of institutions can focus on and deal with the problems related to the operation and management of institutions such as personnel management, materials and vehicles, subsidies and compensation, humanistic care, and superior management, so as to provide logistical support for the workers and alleviate their job burnout.

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the job burnout of primary healthcare workers in Guangzhou during the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic and its influencing factors from the perspective of institutional operation and management in 2021–2022. Methods: A cross-sectional study involved 866 primary healthcare workers from different districts of Guangzhou, China. The Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) was utilized to assess job burnout. From the perspective of organizational operation and management, the possible causes of job burnout among primary healthcare workers during COVID-19 have been categorized into 7 major aspects. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify influencing factors for job burnout in primary healthcare workers. Results: The detection rate of job burnout among primary healthcare workers was 78.29%. Men (OR = 2.39) and whose institution was located in urban–rural fringe (OR = 1.56) were more likely to detect job burnout. Conversely, institution heads showed a lower risk of job burnout. From the perspective of institutional operation and management, workers who were not satisfied with personnel management (OR = 2.41), materials and vehicles (OR = 2.89), subsidies and compensation (OR = 2.18), humanistic care (OR = 2.11), superior management (OR = 8.32) were found to have a higher risk of job burnout. Conclusion: The detection rate of job burnout among primary healthcare workers in Guangzhou was relatively high during the period of COVID-19. When there is another sudden major epidemic, the managers of institutions can focus on and deal with the problems related to the operation and management of institutions such as personnel management, materials and vehicles, subsidies and compensation, humanistic care, and superior management, so as to provide logistical support for the workers and alleviate their job burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual analysis of epidemic spread data is crucial in understanding the process of epidemic transmission, tracing the source of infection, evaluating the development of epidemic, and formulating reasonable policies. However, due to limited capabilities in collecting comprehensive data on the spread of the epidemic, it remains challenging to fully and visually comprehend the spatial and temporal changes in virus transmission, which, in turn, hampers efforts in exploration of macro-level pattern analysis and validation of micro-level facts. To fill this gap, in this paper, we propose a virtual simulation and visual analysis system, named VIVIAN. The user-friendly interaction design of the system enables rapid infection traceability and accurate investigation of close contacts. Furthermore, it establishes synchronous correlations between model parameters and epidemic prevention and control measures. The system supports users in simulating the formulation of epidemic prevention and control policies and evaluating their effectiveness. The system automatically generates the movement trajectories and contact situation based user-defined thresholds, which relaxes the data challenge and scalability of the system. The system is equipped with multiple linked, intuitive, and interactive visualization charts for rapid infection traceability and accurate close contact investigation. In addition, the system supports users in formulating and evaluating of epidemic prevention and control policies. Case studies and expert interviews based on simulated data have demonstrated the effectiveness and practicality of the system, which make it, as a foundation, possible to be employed in certain scenes for epidemic prevention and controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of COVID-19 throat swab samples delivered by medical drones in epidemic prevention and control. This study was carried out in both southern and northern hospital districts of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from May to October 2022. The main participants were the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University and Zhejiang Antwork Technology Co., Ltd. We first constructed an urban medical unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) delivery system and developed a UAV-specific storage box for COVID-19 samples. The UAV system was used to transport COVID-19 throat swab samples from the northern hospital district to the southern hospital district, and the following indexes were obtained: (1) flight time of COVID-19 samples delivered by UAV, (2) real-time temperature of COVID-19 nucleic acid samples during transportation, and (3) the time of distribution of COVID-19 nucleic acid samples by road traffic as measured using the Baidu Maps application, compared with the flight time of UAV. The COVID-19 sample delivery system for urban medical UAV mainly consists of intelligent logistics UAV, low-temperature COVID-19 throat swab sample storage box, unmanned logistics hub, and cloud operation control platform. The flight distance between the northern and southern districts of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University was 10 km, and the ground distance was 24 km. From May 11 to October 28, 2022, a total of 1,190 UAV flights occurred. The average flight time was 13 minutes, which was 40 to 70 minutes faster than the average road travel time required for manual delivery of COVID-19 throat swab samples. At different time points in the day, UAV delivery efficiency increased by 67.5% to 82%. The use of 5G with the Internet of Things and UAV technology to deliver nucleic acid samples has the characteristics of fast speed, being unaffected by ground traffic conditions, and the ability to ensure the safety of nucleic acid samples in the transportation process, which is worthy of further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To understand the clinical features and epidemiological characteristics of monkeypox cases in Shangcheng district, Hangzhou city, providing reference basis for monkeypox epidemic prevention and control work. Methods Data on 35 monkeypox cases detected by medical institutions in Shangcheng district, Hangzhou city from July to December 2023 were collected, including demographic information, clinical manifestations, epidemiological information, laboratory test results, and the clinical features and epidemiological characteristics of the cases were analyzed. Results All 35 monkeypox cases were male sexual contacts, with a median age of 28 years (range: 20 to 37 years). None had a history of smallpox vaccination, and all of them were identified through active medical consultation. Among them, 25 cases (71.43%) admitted to having had male homosexual contact within 21 days before onset, with an interval from last exposure to onset ranging from 1 to 14 days, median (QI, Q3) of 6 (5, 9) days. Clinical symptoms mainly included fever, rash, inguinal lymph node pain, and muscle soreness; 24 cases (68.57%) presented with fever, all 35 cases had a rash, of which 9 cases (25.71%) had painful rashes, predominantly in the genital or anal region, accounting for 65.71% (23/35). Eleven cases (31.43%) of monkeypox cases were co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), with a 48.57% (17/35) prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases. Throat swabs and vesicle swabs were collected from all cases for nucleic acid testing, with a positive detection rate of 62.86% (22/35) in throat swabs, median CT value of 31, and 100% (35/35) in vesicle swabs, median CT value of 22. Conclusion The main clinical feature of monkeypox is rash, and the early recognition of skin rash by clinical doctors is key to early detection of cases. The high positive rate of monkeypox nucleic acid detection in vesicle specimens indicates the need for timely nucleic acid testing in high-risk individuals presenting with rash symptoms for early diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread widely around the world since 2019, wreaking havoc on social order in a global context. In China, the pandemic has not only provided new challenges to the government’s capacity but also provided new issues for the Civil Code that is being compiled. The study adopts the research method of comparative analysis and combines the case study method, aiming to study the impact of the epidemic on the compilation of China’s Civil Code. We found that the official Civil Code adds, deletes, and adjusts several articles compared to the Civil Code (Draft), five of which are relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Civil Code was enacted at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to some of its provisions being affected by the COVID-19; the “COVID-19 provisions” not only provided legitimacy for the prevention and control of the pandemic but also improved China’s system of governance of public health emergencies. This study exposes the legal loophole in the “COVID-19 provisions” in China’s Civil Code and further suggests ways to fill the legal loophole.

By searching the literature on mental health of front-line medical workers in the prevention and control of novel coronavirus infection at home and abroad, the psychological stress response, influencing factors and intervention strategies of front-line medical workers were systematically summarized and analyzed. The front-line medical workers in epidemic prevention and control showed acute and chronic psychological stress reactions, including physical symptoms such as insomnia and fatigue, as well as psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. Risk and protective factors at three levels of individual, work and social affect psychological stress response. Online and offline psychological intervention can help relieve the pressure of front-line medical workers. At present, most of the research focuses on the outbreak period of the epidemic, and there is a lack of follow-up research on the long-term impact of the epidemic. Intervention studies report more on the development and implementation of the program, and less on the evidence-based test of the effect of the intervention. In the future, we can consider combining digital technology to develop intervention programs and test the effect of intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The outbreak and continuous spread of African swine fever (ASF) since 2019 has caused serious losses to the Asian pig industry, the effective prevention and control of ASF is directly related to the stability of the pig industry. This paper evaluated the effects of ASF prevention and control measures, industrial support policies, and market regulations and proposes the recommendations for the optimizing the policies and measure of ASF control and pig industry stabilization in China by analyzing the situation of ASF in Southeast Asia, the causes of the outbreak, and the impact on the pig industry and market in Vietnam and the Philippines, the 2 biggest pig producers in the region. The results showed that the key factors contributing to the outbreak and ongoing spread of ASF in Vietnam and the Philippines were the challenge on the industry management for low scale, low biosecurity awareness, and transportation of large amounts of live pigs. Following the outbreak of ASF, the significant decreased in pork output, the sharp falled and rised of live pig prices, and the significant increased in pork imports as well as the significant transformation of pig industry chain were observed in both countries. By the reference of the prevention and control experiences of the two countries, China should increase the support on the small and medium-sized pig farms for the prevention and control of ASF to encourage their upgrading towards for modernization, accelerate the development of production scale level and organization level, improve the effect of epidemic prevention and control, strengthen the rural veterinary service system for the ability to prevent and control the major animal diseases, optimize the starting mechanism of governmental frozen pork storage to improve the effect of market intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The authors used the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and general health questionnaire to analyze the factors influencing the mental health status and the workload of support nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic. Material and Methods The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey of 349 support nurses in April–October 2022. Using QuestionStar, a powerful online survey tool, the authors administered surveys to the participants, collected data on the mental health status and workload of support nurses, and analyzed the influencing factors based on the collected data. Results A total of 316 questionnaires were successfully collected, with an effective rate of 98.75%. The proportion of support nurses with mental health problems was 25% and the value of the NASA-TLX questionnaire was: M±SD 68.91±7.28 pts. Multi-factor analysis revealed that the number of children, family support, and nursing support location were the influencing factors of mental health status, while the multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of symptoms, nursing support location, support work type, and total 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) score were the influencing factors of the workload of support nurses. Conclusions Compared to their counterparts in the plains, nurses working in isolated plateau regions who were caring for children and lacked family support, were more likely to have mental health issues. There was a positive correlation between the changes in GHQ-12 and NASA-TLX scores of the study participants. Compared to their counterparts in the plains and the tropical regions, nurses working in plateau regions had a heavier workload. As part of the follow-up measures to prevent and treat patients impacted by the COVID-19 epidemic, it is important to improve the mental health evaluation, consultation, and treatment of the support nurses to guarantee the high quality of the first-line support work. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(6)761–72

National image is an important symbol of national cultural soft power. Adhering to ideas and methods of mathematical statistics, this paper focuses on the construction of China’s image in German media from the perspective of epidemic prevention and control. Taking Deutschlandfunk as the retrieval object, texts are analyzed by AntConc corpus analysis toolkit to construct China’s image and German media attitude tendency under the background. The study found that, the German media exoticised and politicised the event through a series of discursive devices, constructing a biased image of China, although giving positive comments on China’s anti-epidemic measures and foreign aid.

From the actual situation and results of the people across the country working together to fight the epidemic since the outbreak of the epidemic, this article proposes the current focus of physical education in colleges and universities, namely the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, core values, and Chinese spirit. When major events occur in society, ideological work must respond quickly. At present, the ideological work of college graduates is at an important stage. Under the current epidemic situation, strengthen the physical work of college students, strengthen scientific guidance, strengthen humanistic care, and actively participate in the anti-epidemic work to ensure that college students can have a correct ideological system and a positive attitude. Mentality in the face of the epidemic. Based on the current situation of the epidemic and the changes in college students' ideology, psychology and values, the article puts forward the opportunities and challenges for the development of college students' ideological work under the current situation. And further discuss the possibility of reform theoretically and methodically, so as to further improve the quality of teaching and work, and provide new ideas for the ideological education work in colleges and universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swan is a special type of rare bird, and some species belong to national sencondary key protected wild animals. Due to their strong ornamental value, they are bred by major zoos in China. We have a wealth of practical experience in swan breeding management and epidemic prevention and control. Through induction, summary and references of relevant literature, detailed explanations on the swan breeding environment, breeding management, and epidemic prevention and control in three aspects were provided, which providered references for professionals in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the awareness of measures for regular epidemic prevention and control among the patients with COVID-19 in makeshift hospital. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 403 patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to in makeshift hospital located in National Convention and Exhibition Center (Shanghai) from April 20 to May 19 of 2022. Questionnaire was made and collected by the Questionnaire Star Platform. Groups were divided by the gender, age and educational background to analyze whether or not patients with COVID-19 had differences in knowledge and implementation of wearing masks, timing of hand-washing, hygiene habits and implementation of item disinfection. Results The males had relatively negative performance in wearing masks while sleeping (Chi-square=8.281, P < 0.05, OR: 2.301, 95%CI: 1.283~4.127). Patients with different educational backgrounds had significant differences in the length of wearing masks(Chi-square=10.773, P < 0.05, OR=1.330, 95%CI: 1.104~1.603), the number of wearing masks(Chi-square=12.455, P < 0.05, OR=1.369, 95%CI: 1.091~1.717)and the number of people eating at the same time(Chi-square=9.861, P < 0.05, OR=0.796, 95%CI: 0.663~0.956). The 2 items that were wearing masks during communication (Chi-square=8.802, P < 0.05, OR=1.295, 95%CI: 0.820~2.047) and touching mouth and nose without washing hands(Chi-square=10.078, P < 0.05, OR=1.183, 95%CI: 0.962~1.455) had statistical significance in different age groups. It was found that the implementation of washing hands after touching others and wiping daily objects was not good. Conclusion The patients involved in this study have relatively poor understanding in the items of the number wearing masks, the length and timing of wearing masks, the timing of washing hands and touching mouth and nose without washing hands.

Objective To explore the uncomfortable symptoms and solutions related to personal protective equipment (PPE) of epidemic prevention personnel in makeshift COVID-19 hospital. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 158 people who participated in the fight against COVID-19 in Shanghai from April to June 2022. According to the PPE wearing frequencies and durations, the differences between the groups with PPE-related symptoms were observed, and the problems related to wearing PPE were displayed according to the survey results. Results There were 151 valid questionnaires, and the effective response rate was 95.6%. Those who wore PPE for more than 3 d per week and for more than 3 h/d had a higher proportion of PPE-related symptoms, and some of the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). For pressure ulcers and medical goggles-related symptoms, the proportion of patients with any uncomfortable symptoms was higher in the group with PPE wearing < 3 d/week and < 3 h/d (P < 0.01). According to the results of questionnaire, 33% of the personnel believed that the related discomfort caused by wearing PPE could not be dealt in time, and 15% of the personnel thought that the education related to epidemic prevention was insufficient. Conclusion Reducing the frequency and length of time of PPE wearing, providing sufficient personnel and materials and strengthening health protection are the keys to ensuring safe of epidemic prevention workers.

The emergency department, as an important gateway of epidemic prevention and control in the hospital, bears the responsibility of prevention and control of COVID-19. Hospital highlighted the role of the emergency department in prevention and control of COVID-19. Based on relevant rules and regulations and guidelines of COVID-19 prevention and control, a continuous strategy of prevention and control was implemented according to the actual situation and characteristics of the emergency department. Great efforts were made to enhance the COVID-19 prevention and control, and cluster management measures were carried out including reforming the diagnosis and treatment environment, formulating principals and process of prevention, pre-screening, personnel training, cleaning and disinfection, and supervision of prevention and control. (急诊科作为医院防控疫情的重要关口, 担负着重要的防控职责。本院急诊科高度重视新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控工作, 依据国家相关制度及防治指南, 结合医院疫情防控工作实际和急诊科特点, 始终落实预防为主的方针, 加强防控管理, 制订了急诊科集束化管理措施, 包括改造诊疗环境、防控制度和流程的制定、预检筛查、人员培训、清洁消毒、防控督导等。)

Objective To understand the psychological status of the elderly, through a survey of the elderly in Chengdu, to explore the correlation between the different psychological status of the elderly, to find the cut-in point for the related departments to establish the intervention strategy of the psychological status of the elderly in the early stage. Methods By using a multi-stage sampling method, the sampled communities were selected according to the east, west, south, north, and central. From March 5, 2022 to July 22, 2022, a self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct a field survey among the elderly in the community, collected basic information, cognitive status, depression status, anxiety status, psychotic symptoms of the elderly, etc. chi-square test and rank sum test were used to analyze the differences of psychological status among the elderly with different demographic characteristics, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation among the different psychological status of the elderly. Results It is based on the chi-square and rank sum test on the psychological status of the elderly with different demographic characteristics. There was statistically significant difference among the elderly in terms of social support （Z = -2.348, P = 0.019), anxiety （χ2 = 11.434, P = 0.001), and cognitive impairment （χ2 = 120.56, P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in cognitive impairment （χ2 = 5.105, P = 0.024） among the elderly with different marital status. There were statistically significant differences in social support （H = 14.512, P = 0.006), depression （χ2 = 7.033, P = 0.008), and cognitive impairment （χ2 = 29.152, P < 0.001） among the elderly of different occupational types. There were statistically significant differences in social support （H = 12.019, P = 0.017） and cognitive impairment （χ2 = 56.752, P < 0.001） among the elderly with different educational levels. There were significantly correlated with social support and depression （r = -0.079, P = 0.011), social support and anxiety （r = -0.092, P = 0.003), cognitive impairment and depression （r = 0.117, P < 0.001), and cognitive impairment and anxiety （r = 0.179, P < 0.001), cognitive impairment and symptoms of mental illness （r = 0.188, P < 0.001), depression and anxiety （r = 0.320, P < 0.001), depression and symptoms of mental illness （r = 0.103, P = 0.001), anxiety and symptoms of mental illness （r = 0.215, P < 0.001). Conclusions It is different in the psychological status of the elderly with different demographic characteristics, and there is a correlation between different psychological statuses. The relevant departments should formulate comprehensive intervention strategies according to the different demographic characteristics of the elderly, when a single mental state is found, it is necessary to carry out other related mental state investigations, which can effectively improve the mental state of the elderly and promote healthy aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2021-2022,as the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (;COVID-19) continues to spread globally, contact tracing is an important strategy for emergency management at that time. However, traditional contact tracing faces many limitations in practice. The adoption of digital technologies provides local governments with an opportunity to track individuals′ COVID-19 contacts more comprehensively, efficiently and accurately. In this paper, a prediction system of epidemic transmission based on Node4j graph database was established. By collecting the spatio-temporal location data of confirmed and suspected patients, the graph model and related databases were integrated to construct the knowledge map of case activity trajectory adapted to the diversified description methods, so as to rapidly locate high-risk population groups and provide decision-making support to the government and competent authorities. It is of great significance to improve the efficiency of epidemic prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on big data on migration from the Baidu Map platform, this paper divides China’s epidemic prevention and control efforts into four stages. Then, the characteristics and spatial patterns of daily population flows are studied by social network analysis. Subsequently, the exponential random graph model is used to investigate the influence of dynamic characteristics of changes in the spatial structure of the interprovincial population flow network during the postepidemic period. The spatial structure of the population flow network before, during, and after the epidemic shows significantly different characteristics, with epidemic prevention and control measures playing a significant role in restricting population flows. Interprovincial population flows have a certain degree of transmissibility, but two-way flows are not obvious. In addition, for regions with a larger resident population and a higher unemployment rate, a larger population tends to flow out. For regions with higher per capita GDP, the secondary and tertiary industries account for a relatively larger proportion, and the public environment is better. The more attractive a region is to the population, the higher is the tendency towards population inflows. Moreover, the level of medical care and epidemic prevention and control have become the main influencing factors of population movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the prevention and control of the COVID-19, the decrease in routine medical care has spread across countries in various degrees, also affecting the management of chronic disease accordingly. The policies and schemes of prevention and control of the COVID-19 in China have been adjusted since December 2022, health care system has been facing serious challenges, bringing increased pressure on primary care. Based on the experiences of other countries, this paper suggests that primary care in China should pay attention to the promoting of self-management for patients with chronic diseases, providing proactive service for patients with complex situations and high demand, strengthening the application and research of telemedicine, intensifying the community connection of primary care services, focusing on the improvement of the compensation mechanism of health services.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most widely spread epidemic in the past century, which poses a major threat to the safety and health of the whole population, especially to those of the elderly. China carried forward the traditional virtue of respecting and caring for the elderly in special times, adhered to unified leadership, joint prevention and control, society-wide prevention and control, and precise measure implementation for the elderly in the face of challenges such as poor physical and mental health, weak protection ability, and the "digital divide". During the period of COVID-19 prevention and control, China did its utmost to ensure life support and health service for old people. In this article, we summarized successful experience of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control among the elderly in China and proposed some suggestions on improving health service system for elderly and constructing an elderly friendly society during the period of normalized COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control.

Based on the current situation, this article starts from the safety prevention and control pressure faced by the hotel and catering industry under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, analyzes the current situation of hotel catering, and clarifies the safety responsibility of hotel catering and the significance of ensuring food safety in catering links. The practical work of safety prevention and control in the catering industry puts forward the practical and feasible safety management countermeasures.

The outbreak of multiple disaster sites during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented challenges due to varying access time intensity, population density, and medical resources at each site. To address these issues, this study focuses on 13 districts and counties in Wuhan, China. The importance of each research area is analyzed using the improved PageRank and TOPSIS algorithms to determine the optimal site selection plan. Additionally, a particle swarm algorithm is used to construct an emergency material dispatching model that targets both distribution and site selection costs to solve the multi-distribution center dispatching problem. The results suggest that constructing 10 distribution centers can satisfy the demand for epidemic prevention and control in Wuhan city while saving costs associated with site selection and material distribution. Compared to the previous optimal solution, the distribution and site selection costs under the optimal solution decreased by 27.9% and 17.82%, respectively. This approach can serve as a basis for dispatching emergency materials during public health emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal is the property of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been spreading all over the world for more than two years. Though several kinds of vaccines are currently available, emergence of new variants, spike mutations and immune escape have raised new challenges. Pregnant women are vulnerable to respiratory infections due to their altered immune defence and surveillance functions. Besides, whether pregnant persons should receive a COVID-19 vaccine is still under debate because limited data are available on the efficacy and safety of receiving a vaccine during pregnancy. Physiological features and lack of effective protection making pregnant women at high risk of getting infected. Another concern is that pregnancy may trigger the onset of underlying existing neurological disease, which is highly similar to those neurological symptoms of pregnant women caused by COVID-19. These similarities interfere with diagnosis and delay timely and effective management. Therefore, providing efficient emergency support for pregnant women suffering from neurological symptoms caused by COVID-19 remains a challenge among neurologists and obstetricians. To improve the diagnosis and treatment efficiency of pregnant women with neurological symptoms, we propose an emergency management framework based on the clinicians' experience and available resources. This emergency care system aimed at addressing the conundrums faced by the emergency guarantee system under COVID-19 pandemic and could serve as a potential multisystem project for clinical practice and medical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copying, compiling, publishing, disseminating, and referencing anti-epidemic books of medical formularies were common activities during the outbreak of epidemics in the Qing dynasty. Its emergence, motivated by epidemic disease again and again, was important component parts of epidemic prevention and control. They played a unique role as media on affairs such as treating patients suffering from infectious diseases, mobilizing peoples to make contributions to anti-epidemic activities, integrating and popularizing knowledge of epidemic prevention. Anti-epidemic books of medical formularies were important to link peoples, things, and substances related with epidemic prevention and control, and were a kind of motivation to actively deal with the infectious disease, control the epidemic, and maintain health. Compared to other common measures, anti-epidemic books of medical formularies participated in many prevention and control practices deeply, which actually built a low cost, spontaneous, dispersed and non-institutional system to respond to epidemic, and the system had characteristics of stronger conductibility, bigger coverage area, and better external benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In discussing government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, the leadership of local officials is an important dimension that has been studied less than other aspects. From the perspective of political incentives, this paper empirically investigates the effect of the personal characteristics of municipal leaders, mainly their tenure of office and political rotation, on the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic at the city level. The results indicate a negative relationship between tenure of office and the diagnostic rate of COVID-19. The experience of having diverse political rotation has strong positive effects on the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic, especially in places with higher infection risks and better health resources. Due to the division of labor and cooperation between the Communist Party of China and the government, municipal party secretaries and mayors play different roles in the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic. The findings contribute to understanding the dynamic relationship among political incentives, bureaucratic behaviors and performance in the anti-epidemic process in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquake is a sudden accident or a natural calamity that causes great damage, and organization and management are key issues in prehospital rescue after earthquake. This paper reviewed the prehospital rescue organization after earthquake in a county hospital under the COVID-19 pandemic. Under the prevention and control of COVID-19, the hospital managers had launched the emergency rescue plans which included rescue team formation, overall arrangement, division of medical human resource, medical resource allocation and information management, in order to ensure the fast and efficient rescue and improve the rescue quality. (地震灾害具有突发性, 院前救援工作中的组织管理至关重要。县级三级综合医院护理部应快速反应, 启动应急救援预案, 在保证新型冠状病毒疫情防控措施落实的前提下, 通过组建队伍、按需布局、合理分工、资源调配和信息管理等部署, 保证救援护理工作高效有序开展, 提高救援质量。)

In recent years, human beings are constantly facing the threat of emerging infectious diseases. Forensic technology plays a unique role in responding to the emergencies and new epidemics. In epidemic prevention and control, forensic partitioners can provide important clues for the identification of vector animal species and the traceability of pathogen regions based on non-human DNA testing technology. In epidemic-related judicial practice, forensic partitioners bear more and more evidence responsibilities in dealing with biosafety laws-related issues, such as improper handling of epidemics and vaccine safety issues, which require forensic evidence. In terms of pathogen tracing, forensic physical evidence examinations identify species and individuals through biological materials extracted from the scene of death and autopsy of infectious diseases, are expected to provide informative clues for epidemiological investigations and point out the direction for pathogen tracing. In addition, forensic pathological examination can provide an important pathophysiological basis for determining the cause of death and the mechanism of death through autopsy, also offer necessary scientific evidence for clarifying the epidemiological characteristics of the epidemic and predicting the development trend of the epidemic.

This paper summarized the process and methods of collecting throat swab specimens in the nucleic acid testing clinic under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19. Preparation of environment, goods and personnel was conducted according to the working standards before the sample collection. The collected samples were stored and transferred, and disposable protective clothing and equipments were removed according to regulations. The collection process, nurse management mode and sample transportation process were carried out in a well-organized and controlled way, and all collected samples were qualified for the test. No infection case reported in tested population and medical staffs. Improving the working environment of throat swab collection points and strengthening the protection and related training of throat swab operators are key issues in prevention of occupational exposure under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19. (本文对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控常态化下核酸检测门诊采集咽拭子流程及方法进行总结。采集前按照操作规范进行环境、物品和人员准备, 采集后对样本进行保存转运并按规定脱防护服及用物处置。采集流程、护士管理模式、样本运送流程, 各项工作有序开展, 样本质量全部达标, 患者和医护人员“零”感染。改善咽拭子标本采集点的工作环境, 加强对咽拭子操作人员的保护和相关培训, 是预防职业暴露的重要环节。)

PurposeBy serving and providing a guide for other regional places, this study aims to advance and guide the epidemic prevention and control methods, and practices and strengthen people’s ability to respond to COVID-19 and other future potential public health risks.Design/methodology/approachA comparative analysis was conducted that the COVID-19 epidemic development trend and prevention and control effects both in Beijing and Shanghai. In fact, regarding the COVID-19 policy and strategic areas, the differences between governmental, social, and professional management were discussed and explored. To prevent and be ready for potential pandemics, experience and knowledge were used and summarized.FindingsThe strong attack of the Omicron variant in early 2022 has posed challenges to epidemic prevention and control practices in many Chinese cities. Shanghai, which had achieved relatively good performance in the fight against the epidemic, has exposed limitations in its epidemic prevention and control system in the face of Omicron. In fact, the city of Beijing has undertaken prompt and severe lockdown measures and achieved rather good results in epidemic prevention and control because of learning from Shanghai’s experience and lessons; adhering to the overall concept of “dynamic clearing,” implementing precise prevention and monitoring, enhancing community control, and making emergency plans and preparations. All these actions and measures are still essential in the shift from pandemic response to pandemic control.Research limitations/implicationsDifferent places have introduced different urgent policies to control the spread of the pandemic. Strategies to control COVID-19 have often been based on preliminary and limited data and have tended to be slow to evolve as new evidence emerges. Hence, the effects of these anti-epidemic policies need to be further tested.

Big data technology plays an important role in the prevention and control of public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Current studies on model construction, such as SIR infectious disease model, 4R crisis management model, etc., have put forward decision-making suggestions from different perspectives, which also provide a reference basis for the research in this paper. This paper conducts an exploratory study on the construction of a big data prevention and control model for public health emergencies by using the grounded theory, a qualitative research method, with literature, policies, and regulations as research samples, and makes a grounded analysis through three-level coding and saturation test. Main results are as follows: (1) The three elements of data layer, subject layer, and application layer play a prominent role in the digital prevention and control practice of epidemic in China and constitute the basic framework of the “DSA” model. (2) The “DSA” model integrates cross-industry, cross-region, and cross-domain epidemic data into one system framework, effectively solving the disadvantages of fragmentation caused by “information island”. (3) The “DSA” model analyzes the differences in information needs of different subjects during an outbreak and summarizes several collaborative approaches to promote resource sharing and cooperative governance. (4) The “DSA” model analyzes the specific application scenarios of big data technology in different stages of epidemic development, effectively responding to the disconnection between current technological development and realistic needs.

Objective To increase the understanding of the clinical and imaging changes of family clustered novel coronavirus pneumonia, and to explore the targeted epidemic prevention and control strategies. Methods The clinical symptoms and imaging examination data of 27 cases in 10 groups of new coronavirus pneumonia families were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 27 cases, 12 males and 15 females, aged 6 months old -57 years old, 12 cases were the mild type and 15 cases were the common type. Among all cases, 5 cases were manifested by fever, 20 cases by cough and expectoration, 13 cases by nasal congestion and runny nose, 5 cases by dry throat and sore throat, 5 cases by loss of smell and taste and 2 cases by dizziness and headache. Among the 15 cases of common type, 10 cases involved both lungs; 5 cases involved unilateral lung; 8 cases involved the lower lobe, and 9 cases involved subpleural; 9 cases showed the ground-glass opacity; 7 cases showed the high density film; there were 3 cases of pleural thickening; no pleural effusion, mediastinal and axillary lymph node enlargement signs were observed. Conclusion The family clusters of novel coronavirus pneumonia have certain clinical and imaging characteristics. Attaching the importance to sentinel surveillance in fever clinics, actively controlling the source of infection, and adopting the non-drug intervention combined with intensive vaccination are the important strategies to win the battle against the epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of 2019, COVID-19 outbreaks occurred one after another in countries worldwide. Managing the outbreak efficiently and stably is an essential public health issue facing countries worldwide. In this paper, based on the SEIR model, we propose a SCEIR model that incorporates close contacts (C) and self-protectors (P). Firstly, the epidemic data of China, the USA, and Italy are predicted and compared with the actual data. Secondly, sensitivity analysis of each parameter in the SCEIR model was conducted using Anylogic. The study shows that the SCEIR model established in this paper has a certain validity. The infection rate in contact with E () etc., has positive effects on the basic regeneration number (R0); the self-isolation rate (φ) etc., has a negative effect on the basic regeneration number (R0). Emergency management measures are proposed according to the influencing factors corresponding to the model parameters. These can provide theoretical guidance for developing effective epidemic prevention and control measures in areas where the epidemic has not yet been controlled. It also provides some reference for formulating prevention and control policies for similar epidemics that may occur in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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