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Through engineering the interfacial layer in cubic SrYF5:YbEr@CaF2@SrYbF5:Nd core/shell/shell NCs, the maximum Sr of 10.01% K−1 and minimum Sr of 2.56% K−1 under 980 nm laser excitation are achieved.

Achieving bright photon upconversion under low irradiance is of great significance and finds many stimulating applications from photovoltaics to biophotonics. However, it remains a daunting challenge to significantly intensify upconversion luminescence in small nanoparticles with a simple structure. Herein, we report the amplification of photon upconversion through engineering interfacial density of states between the core and the shell layer in sub-10 nm colloidal rare-earth ions doped fluoride nanocrystals. Through tuning of the metal cations in the shell layer of alkaline-earth-based core/shell nanoparticles, both the interfacial phonon frequency and the density of state are evidently decreased, resulting in the luminescence intensification of up to 8224 times. The generality of this upconversion enhancement strategy has been verified through expansion of this approach to alkali-based core/shell nanoparticles. The engineering of photon density of state in such core/shell nanoparticles enables dynamic display and high-level security information storage.

In this study, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings were prepared on a novel glass microsphere reinforced Mg alloy composite to retard the degradation of the composite in the liquid environment containing Cl− for degradable downhole tool applications. The microstructure and chemical composition of the coatings were characterized by SEM, EDS, XPS and XRD. The growth characteristics of the MAO coatings on different matrix regions were analyzed. The corrosion and wear resistance of the coatings were evaluated through the immersion test, electrochemical measurements and friction test. Results showed that the MAO coatings consisted primarily of Mg2SiO4, MgO, little amount of MgAl2O4 and amorphous SiO2. The current density influenced the thickness and structure via affecting the voltage response of the MAO process, afterward influencing the properties of the coatings. The termination voltage of the MAO process and thickness of the coatings increased with the current density. With the current density increased from 8 to 160 mA/cm2, the compactness and microhardness of the coatings were increased, thereby improving the corrosion and wear resistance of the coatings. However, as the current density increased to 200 mA/cm2, the generation of large through-cracks caused the friction coefficient to increase and the corrosion resistance to deteriorate.

In this research, cast magnesium alloys AZ31-xGd are assessed as anode material candidates for primary Mg-air batteries. The effects of Gd content in the microstructure, discharge behavior and electrochemical properties of cast AZ31 as an anode are studied through microstructure characterization, electrochemical measurements and battery discharge tests. Results indicate that the introduction of Gd can refine α-Mg grains. The discharge and electrochemical properties of magnesium alloys are improved by optimizing its composition. We confirm that the Al2Gd can restrain the kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction. The acicular structure can connect the magnesium alloy matrix and reduce the chunk spalling. The data suggest that AZ31-5.8Gd alloy has the best self-corrosion resistance performance and discharge behavior among all prepared AZ31-xGd alloys. AZ31-5.8Gd can output a high specific capacity of 1411.8 mAh g−1 and a high energy density of 1153 mWh g−1 at the current density of 40 mA cm−2. The anode efficiency can reach up to 63.21%. The addition of Gd properly can optimize magnesium alloy microstructure and improve the discharge performance.

Fluorescence intensity ratio-based temperature sensing with a self-referencing characteristic is highly demanded for reliable and accurate sensing. Lanthanide ions with thermally coupled levels have been widely used for ratiometric temperature sensing. However, these systems suffer from low relative temperature sensitivity and poor luminescence signal discriminability. Herein, the concept of indirectly thermally coupled levels is introduced and employed to actualize high performance temperature sensing. By means of the temperature-dependent phonon-assisted non-radiative relaxation, the 4I13/2 excited state (with infrared emission) of Er3+ can be indirectly thermally coupled with the 4S3/2 excited state (with visible emission) under 808 nm or 980 nm excitation. This is experimentally realized in specially designed NaErF4:10Yb@NaYF4 nanocrystals, and the corresponding ratiometric nanothermometer shows excellent luminescence thermal sensing performance with a maximum relative sensitivity value up to 3.76% K−1 at 295 K.

The sulfate-reducing bacteria-mediated reduction process is considered to be an important mechanism affecting arsenic migration and transformation in anaerobic environments. To investigate the effect of sulfate-reducing bacteria in a high-arsenic aquifer on arsenic migration and transformation, the typical sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio vulgaris was selected for micro-cosmic experiments to simulate a groundwater environment with or without sulfate amendment. The reduction of Fe(III) and As(V) by Desulfovibrio vulgaris was identified, and Fe(III) and As(V) were reduced in both sulfate-free and sulfate-containing systems. However, the addition of 1 mM sulfate significantly enhanced Fe(III) and As(V) reduction. Compared with no sulfate addition, 1 mM sulfate increased the reduction rates of Fe(III) and As(V) by 111.9% and 402.2%, respectively. The sulfate process mediated by Desulfovibrio vulgaris also remarkably promoted arsenic release in sediments. These results indicated that sulfate concentration should be considered when sulfate reduction is used as a remediation method for arsenic pollution in groundwater.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was prepared by high-temperature calcination of urea. A mixture of g-C3N4 and nano-ZrO2 precursor was directly calcined to prepare g-C3N4/ZrO2 hybrid photocatalysts. The photocatalytic properties of the sample were characterized by degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light. The g-C3N4/ZrO2 hybrid photocatalysts have better degradation performance than the pure g-C3N4 and ZrO2. The prepared catalysts were characterized by various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and electrochemical tests. The reasons for the improvement of catalytic activity were investigated from the aspects of crystal structure, surface morphology and photoelectric properties, and the catalytic mechanism were studied. The results show that the ZrO2 nanoparticles were coated with g-C3N4 to form a heterostructure. Compared with the pure g-C3N4 and ZrO2, the g-C3N4/ZrO2 hybrids reduce the charge transfer resistance and inhibit the recombination of electron–holes well. In addition, it affects the band structure and improves the absorption of visible-light. At the same time, the study found that the main active species in the catalytic process were h+ and ·O2−.

Enormous attention has been attracted by Ni3S2 with various microstructures and excellent properties. In this work, a solvothermal reaction was adopted to fabricate 1D Ni3S2 nanorods coating. Then a superhydrophobic surface was achieved by the followed myristic acid modification. This superhydrophobic coating significantly hindered the infiltration of water. The attached contaminants could be easily carried away by water droplets owing to the low adhesion of the coating surface. In addition, the cooperation of low surface energy and 1D nanorods structure exhibited prominent anti-scaling property that effectively blocked the deposition of calcium carbonate. Moreover, it was confirmed that this superhydrophobic coating displayed outstanding thermostability, UV resistance and durability. In addition, water sand scouring and ultrasonic vibration tests were conducted to examine the mechanical stability, and the tested samples still maintained their superhydrophobicity and integrated nanorods structure. These excellent properties make the Ni3S2 superhydrophobic coating a promising barrier for anti-scaling.

Multicolor luminescent nanoparticles (NPs) show several potential emerging applications. In this work, we provide a new route that integrates the afterglow and upconversion (UC) that originate in a single activator to achieve color variations without the modulation of any other parameters. The Er3+ ions in Na3HfF7:Yb/Er NPs exhibit bright green afterglow upon X-ray irradiation and single-band red UC under 980 nm laser excitation, which are attributed to the significantly different electron population pathways. The UC intensity is stable and the afterglow decreases gradually over time, thus the output color is clearly changed from green to red naturally via illuminating the pre-X-ray-irradiated NPs with a 980 nm laser. Furthermore, the fine emission profiles of Er3+, Ho3+ and Tm3+ are achieved upon X-ray irradiation. Our results develop a new approach for time-dependent dynamic color displays and a simple route to revealing the electronic fine structures of lanthanide activators at room temperature.

Superhydrophobic nanostructured TiO2 film was successfully fabricated on the Ti plate by anodic oxidation and lauric acid modification. By varying the applied voltage, TiO2 films with various nanostructures and colors were prepared. The water contact angles (WCA) on the modified TiO2 film increased as the applied voltage increased, and the highest WCA on the TiO2 nanovesuvianite film was about 161.23°. When the applied voltage was 5 V and 20 V, the obtained TiO2 nanopores and TiO2 nanotubes could be used to build two improved Cassie models for designing superhydrophobic surface. Moreover, the superhydrophobic TiO2 film showed good anti-fouling property, particularly it could maintain superhydrophobicity both when immersed in and taken out from the organic solvents. The superhydrophobic film could be changed into superhydrophilic under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and the superhydrophilic film recovered to hydrophobic or superhydrophobic gradually at 60 °C in the dark. Additionally, the superhydrophilic film showed underwater superoleophobicity, which exhibited excellent anti-fouling property by degrading the oil under UV light.

In recent years, graphene oxide (GO), prepared by the modified Hummers’ method, and its derivatives have become a focus of research owing to their outstanding physical and chemical properties and low cost. Drawing inspiration from the mussel protein, a facile and environmentally-friendly method was employed to fabricate superhydrophobic/superoleophilic reduced graphene oxide (rGO) derivative. The preparation comprises two steps: coating GO nanosheets with polydopamine (PDA) and subsequent reaction with 1 H ,1 H ,2 H ,2 H -perfluorodecanethiol. Due to the excellent adhesive ability of PDA, the resulting f PDA modified rGO nanosheets (rGO- f PDA) were firmly immobilized onto polyurethane (PU) sponge skeleton by a simple drop-coating method. The as-prepared rGO- f PDA functionalized sponge exhibited superhydrophobic behavior with a water contact angle of 162°±2°, high organic adsorption capacity, recyclability and stable oil/water separation behavior under different acidic/alkaline conditions. Due to its facile fabrication technique and outstanding properties, the superhydrophobic-superoleophilic PU-rGO- f PDA sponge holds great promise as an oil adsorbent for cleaning up large-scale pollution of oil and organic solvents, and dehydrating crude oil.

Many efforts have been made to construct superhydrophobic surfaces due to their excellent properties. However, superhydrophobic surfaces are vulnerable to physical and chemical damages that seriously shorten service life and limit wide applications. In this paper, an eco-friendly and self-healing Ni3S2 superhydrophobic coating was achieved via the cooperation of hydrothermal reaction and followed chemical modification. The obtained coating was significantly repellent to water droplets and the wettability could be regulated by different reaction systems. Importantly, this superhydrophobic coating could restore superhydrophobicity after suffering from ultrasonic vibration and 6 cycles of sodium dodecyl sulfate solution immersion. In addition, this superhydrophobic surface displayed a remarkable anti-condensation property with the result that the condensation time was distinctly delayed even in a high humidity environment. Moreover, the as-prepared coating could keep superhydrophobic after suffering from the mechanical damage. It is believed that this coating is conducive to realizing corrosion protection and industrial applications for its outstanding self-healing and anti-condensation properties.

Superhydrophobic TiO2 quadrangular nanorod film was fabricated by hydrothermal reaction and stearic acid modification. X-ray diffractometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer were employed to characterize the surface crystal structures and chemical compositions of the superhydrophobic TiO2 film, respectively. The effects of the titanium source (titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP)) amount and reaction time on the morphology and wettability of the TiO2 film were studied by scanning electron microscope and contact angle meter. The results show that the diameter of the TiO2 quadrangular nanorods increases and then the water contact angle on modified TiO2 film decreases with the increase of the reaction time and TTIP amount. Moreover, when the TTIP amount is 0.3 mL and solvent is 30 mL, the wetted state of the superhydrophobic TiO2 film surface conforms to an improved Cassie model. Besides, the superhydrophobic TiO2 film shows good low adhesion, self-cleaning and anti-icing properties. Particularly, the anti-icing property decreases with the increase of the reaction time and TTIP amount.

Superhydrophobic materials are known for their vast range of applications and properties. We present a simple process to fabricate a superhydrophobic coating on 6061Al alloy via a route with chemical replacement and heat treatment. Through this route, a hierarchical morphology including microparticles and leaf-like microstructures was obtained and, upon modification by stearic acid, the prepared coatings show good water repellency with a water contact angle of 159.2 ± 0.3° and sliding angle of 4.5 ± 1.5°. Systematic studies have been conducted on the coatings fabricated under different processing conditions to obtain the best experimental parameters, and demonstrate the reaction mechanism and the good self-cleaning effect. The 3D simulated coating topography was characterized by Leica DCM 3D in the mesoscopic scale. Based on the topography, the simplified ideal truncated cone model and theoretical equation were obtained. According to the model, a qualitative result was drawn: the higher and sharper the convex structures are, the better is the superhydrophobicity. Furthermore, the presented process can be applied to larger, stable coatings with the controllable wettability for diverse applications.

Gahnite (ZnAl2O4) is widely used in different fields including optics and catalysis, but is rarely used as the superhydrophobic material. Thermal decomposition of layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials is a way to prepare gahnite materials. In this paper, a Zn-Al LDH coating in-situ grown on aluminum alloy 6061 was used as the precursor, and a gahnite superhydrophobic coating was fabricated by calcination and stearic acid modification. The effects of calcination temperature and calcination time on the wettability and microstructure of the gahnite coating were investigated. It showed that a micro-sheet structure attached by nanoneedle was constructed after calcining the Zn-Al LDH coating at 500°C for 2 h. After modification, the stearic acid molecules were stored on the coating due to the chemical bonding and adsorption, obtaining a superhydrophobic surface with the average contact angle of 158.8° and the sliding angle less than 2°. Compared with the Zn-Al LDH superhydrophobic coating without calcination, the stability in mechanical damage, high-temperature environment, and different chemical solutions of gahnite superhydrophobic coating was obviously improved. Furthermore, after chemical damage or contamination, the superhydrophobic property of the gahnite coating could be self-healing by external high-temperature stimulati.

In this work, five AZ31-xCe magnesium alloy anode materials were prepared, and their microstructure, electrochemical properties and discharge properties were studied to reveal the effect of Ce content on the casting anode of magnesium air battery. The introduction of the Ce element can refine the grain and purify the α-Mg matrix. AZ31–1Ce magnesium alloy has the best corrosion resistance, and the activity of magnesium alloy enhances with the increase of Ce content. Compared with AZ31 magnesium alloy, AZ31-xCe magnesium alloy has higher discharge activity, which is due to the introduction of Ce element to purify the magnesium alloy, and the Al4Ce phase can promote the uniform dissolution of Mg matrix. When the discharge current density is 10 mA cm−2 the AZ31–4Ce anode shows the highest energy density of 1552.370 mWh g−1 and the best specific capacity of 1282.051 mAh g−1 which are 46.05% and 29.901% higher than the AZ31 anode. Compared with AZ31 magnesium alloy, the anode of AZ31–4Ce magnesium alloy has a smoother discharge surface morphology, which is beneficial to the desquamation of the discharge products.

Superhydrophobic TiO2 nanotube coating was fabricated by anodic oxidation and lauric acid modification. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), and contact angle meter were employed to characterize the surface morphologies, surface crystal structures, chemical compositions, and contact angle of the superhydrophobic TiO2 nanotube coating, respectively. The various properties of the superhydrophobic TiO2 nanotube coating were assessed. Results showed that for the superhydrophobic TiO2 nanotube coating the contact angle and sliding angle of is up to 157° and 3.8°. The superhydrophobic TiO2 nanotube coating has good anti-icing, low adhesion, self-cleaning and anti-corrosion properties. Besides, for acid droplets, the contact angle is still >150°.

In this research, a simple and economical method was used to fabricate a superhydrophobic Zn coating with ZnO nanosheets on steel substrates. Electrodeposited Zn coating was firstly formed on the steel substrate for anti-corrosion. Then we used hydrothermal method to process the electrodeposited Zn coating for in-situ growth of ZnO nanosheets. After low-energy modification with pentadecafluorooctanoic acid, the Zn coating with ZnO nanosheets on the steel substrate became superhydrophobicity, with water contact angle of 158° and the sliding angle of about 6°. The prepared superhydrophobic Zn coating with ZnO nanosheets exhibited good stability and excellent self-cleaning property. As a result, this combination method could be utilized in large scale production due to its simplicity and low-cost.

Composites of AZ91D magnesium alloy reinforced with fly-ash cenosphere (FAC) were prepared by a stirring method. The effects of the FAC particle size (83, 116, and 146 μm) and the test frequency (0.5, 1, and 5 Hz) on high-temperature damping capacity and dynamic Young's modulus of the composites were investigated. The results show that the FAC particles distributed homogeneously in the Mg-alloy matrix and some new phases formed. The composites with 146-μm FAC exhibited the highest damping capacity at all test frequencies at high temperatures, whereas the highest dynamic Young's modulus was exhibited by the composites with 83-μm FAC. Therefore, composites with good damping capacity and mechanical properties could be obtained through selection of reinforcement particles of an appropriate size.

The fly ash cenosphere/AZ91D composites were successfully prepared and isothermally heat-treated at different temperatures for different time. The effects of semi-solid isothermal heat treatment on the microstructures and damping capacities of fly ash cenosphere/AZ91D composites were investigated. With the increase in isothermal temperature or holding time, the small liquid droplets within grains increased in size but decreased in quantity. The average size and shape factor of Mg2Si particles increased with the rise of isothermal temperature. The damping capacities of the composites were improved by isothermal heat treatment. At room temperature, the composites after heat treatment at 520 and 550 °C had a higher damping capacity due to interface damping when the strain amplitude was lower than about 8.8 × 10−5, and the composite after heat treatment at 580 °C had a better damping capacity because of the dislocation damping under the condition of high strain amplitude. The damping capacities of the composites increased with the rise of the test temperature, and the damping mechanisms varied depending on different test temperatures. The interface damping played an important role when the test temperature was below about 100 °C, and the dislocation damping and grain boundary damping took effect with the rise of test temperature.

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings on hollow glass microspheres (HGM) reinforced Mg alloy degradable composite were prepared in alkaline silicate electrolyte. The morphology, chemical composition and corrosion resistance of the coatings were investigated by SEM, EDS, XPS, XRD and electrochemical tests. The growth characteristics of the coatings and the effects of HGM on the MAO behavior were specially studied. The results showed that the main compositions of the coatings were MgO and Mg2SiO4 phases. The coatings possessed different growth behaviors on the different areas of the surface. The coatings exhibited faster growth rate on the α phase than the β phase. The HGM and Mg2Si particles hindered the growing of the coating in the early stage of MAO, but they would not disrupt the continuity of the coating, since they were gradually melted, reduced and disappeared, and translated into oxides of silicon and magnesium finally in the MAO process. The average thicknesses of the coatings obtained at MAO time of 10, 20, 30, and 40 min were 2.9 ± 0.9, 10.9 ± 0.8, 20.2 ± 1.2, and 22.7 ± 1.9 μm, respectively. Electrochemical tests showed the MAO coating obtained at MAO time of 30 min possessed the best corrosion resistance, the corrosion current density of which was approximately four orders of magnitude lower than that of the substrate.

The poor corrosion resistance of magnesium (Mg) alloys limits their applications, and preparing the superhydrophobic coating with a facile and cost-effective method is meaningful for anti-corrosion protection of Mg alloys. In this work, a superhydrophobic needle-like Ca-P coating was fabricated on AZ31 substrate by a chemical conversion method and low energy modification with stearic acid. The water contact angle of the obtained coating was about 158.7° and the sliding angle was 1.5°. Due to the stable superhydrophobicity and durability of the coating, it can not only resist the pollution of muddy water and particulate contaminants, but also withstand the destruction of high temperature and external mechanical force. And the anti-fouling ability of the coating was evaluated from the force model of the contamination. In addition, the electrochemical measurements indicated that the superhydrophobic sample exhibited excellent anti-corrosion performance in Hank's solution, and the coating could behave as the protective barrier to the substrate. Therefore, the anti-fouling, robust and corrosion-resistant superhydrophobic coating has significant advantages in the protection of Mg alloys.

To date, IgG in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been considered a product of B cells and serves as an antitumor antibody. However, in this study, using a monoclonal antibody against cancer-derived IgG (Cancer-IgG), we found that cancer cells could secrete IgG into the TME. Furthermore, Cancer-IgG, which carries an abnormal sialic acid modification in the CH1 domain, directly inhibited effector T-cell proliferation and significantly promoted tumor growth by reducing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell infiltration into tumor tissues. Mechanistic studies showed that the immunosuppressive effect of sialylated Cancer-IgG is dependent on its sialylation and binding to sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) on effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Importantly, we show that several Siglecs are overexpressed on effector T cells from cancer patients, but not those from healthy donors. These findings suggest that sialylated Cancer-IgG may be a ligand for Siglecs, which may serve as potential checkpoint proteins and mediate tumor immune evasion.

Magnesium-based degradable alloys and composites have recently gained great attention as promising candidates for the degradable fracturing tools of the unconventional oil and gas development field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ni content on the mechanical properties and degradation behavior of the HGM/Mg alloy degradable composites. The results showed that adding Ni led to the formation of Al3Ni2 intermetallic compound, refined the matrix alloy grain and improved the mechanical properties. The Al3Ni2 phase was distributed in the β-phase and thereby reducing the function of corrosion barrier of the β phase and promoting the corrosion products to peel off during the degradation process. Meanwhile, Al3Ni2 phase can act as micro-galvanic cathode to accelerate the micro-galvanic corrosion rate. Thus, the degradation rate of the composite was significantly increased. The highest degradation rate (95.6 mg cm−2 h−1) in 3.5 wt% KCl solution at 93 °C was obtained in the composite containing 2 wt% Ni, which is 3 times higher than that of the composite without Ni.

Novel blue LED excitable Ce3+-doped alkaline-earth sulfide nanocrystals are exploited for selective and sensitive Fe3+ ions sensing in this work. The detection limit is calculated to be as low as 92.5 nM, which is better than most previous ultra-violet light excited fluorescence probes. The decreased radiative probability of the Ce3+: 5d by the NC surface environmental variation activates the sensing capability.

A simple anodic oxidation method was used to prepare TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs), and calcined at 500 °C with urea to prepare g-C3N4/TNTs (CN/TNTs) composites. The photocatalytic activity of TNTs was improved by constructing a Z-scheme transfer mechanism. The results show that 2 g CN/TNTs greatly improves the separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs and reduces its recombination efficiency, and the visible light absorption also undergoes a significant redshift. The degradation of rhodamine B can reach 96.3 %, and the degradation rate is 0.0195min−1. The sample has good stability and can be used repeatedly without losing activity. In the CN/TNTs system, h+, O2- and OH are active species.

In order to reduce the degradation rate of fly ash cenospheres (FACs)/magnesium alloy (MA) degradable composite, the protective micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings were prepared on the composite. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated by immersion tests and potentiodynamic polarization tests in 3 wt% KCl solution. The results indicated that FACs and Mg2Si did not participate in the coating-forming reaction. During the initial period of MAO, the growth rate of the coating on α-phase was faster than that on β-phase. FACs and Mg2Si had a hindering effect on the growth of the coating and were gradually covered by the coating. With the extension of oxidation time, the thickness of the coating increased, and the growth mechanism changed from outward growth to simultaneous inward and outward growth. The microstructure of the coating changed from through-pores to complex porous structure with prolonged oxidation time. Both the immersion tests and the potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that the coating significantly improved the corrosion resistance of the composite, and the coating obtained with longer oxidation time showed better corrosion resistance.

Many attentions have been attracted to prepare superhydrophobic coatings on the metal surfaces for their prominent properties, especially the self-cleaning and anti-corrosion properties. In this work, a facile electrodeposition method was applied to fabricate hierarchical Cu-Ni coating on the 316 L stainless steel, and the followed myristic acid modification was used to lower the surface energy. The water droplet would remain spherical on this coating, and measured water contact angle and sliding angle were 161.27° and 7.8°, respectively. The contaminants on the coating surface could be easily carried away by the closed water droplets. In addition, the coating could effectively hinder the deposition of salt solution. Besides, the coating could endure long-term acid solution immersion and natural placement. Moreover, it was verified that this superhydrophobic Cu-Ni coating formed a robust barrier to block the transmission of chlorine ions, thus corrosion damage to steel surface could be effectively relieved. This superhydrophobic Cu-Ni coating provides a novel strategy and promising applications for preventing various metal surfaces from being contaminated and corroded.

This paper reports a simple approach for the preparation of superhydrophobic and oleophobic surface on zinc substrate. The surface was created by chemical etching and hydrothermal reaction, consisting of micro hexagonal prisms with about 4 μm in length, 0–1 μm in gap and 0.1–0.4 μm in diameter. The surface then became superhydrophobic and oleophobic with a fluoride coating, fabricated by chemically modified with perfluorooctanoic acid anhydrous ethanol solution. The effects of different process parameters, including chemical etching time and the hydrothermal temperature, on the surface morphology and wettability were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a contact angle tester. The optimization of process parameters were obtained, namely, the chemical etching time was 90 s and the hydrothermal temperature was 95 °C. After zinc surface was treated using the optimum parameters, the results showed that the surface exhibited repellency toward distilled water and edible peanut oil with contact angles at 151.85° and 145.62°, respectively, and the sliding angle for distilled water was less than 10°.

The amphiphobic surface has extremely broad application prospects in industrial production and daily life, such as preventing the adhering and fouling of materials and prolonging service life. In order to prepare an amphiphobic surface on X70 pipeline steel, a simple method was presented. The rough surface was created by shot blasting and chemical etching, consisting of micro-nano composite structures. The surface was then chemically modified by a low surface energy material, which contains a fluorocarbon group. The surface morphology, roughness, chemical composition, and wettability with distilled water and peanut oil were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, and contact angle measurement instruments. The results indicated that a micro-nano composite structure was created on the steel surface after shot blasting and chemical etching. The amphiphilic surface with micro-nano structure turned into an oleophobic and superhydrophobic surface after being chemically modified by low surface energy material. The maximum contact angles of the amphiphobic surface with distilled water and peanut oil were up to 150 ± 1° and 140 ± 1°, respectively.