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Pragmatic environmentalism, the increasing use of environmental standards in industry, in Sweden is examined. The author analyzes pragmatic environmentalism in the context of economic change and technological developments, arguing environmental brokers have created opportunities in entrepreneurial practice based upon environmental pragmatism, yet these activities are not necessarily profit-driven.

The article examines the tensions between the Swedish government, its citizens, and the private sector regarding sustainable development policy making. The institutional and cultural changes that may be required for effective policy making, including public and private sector agendas, are discussed.

The article examines the effects of discharging wastewater into the Sound of Oresund by Malmo, Sweden, during the 1800s, which shifted the issue of water pollution from a local arena to one involving a larger area of the Baltic Sea. Adoption of water-closet toilets and the construction of a sewerage system during the turn of the 20th century dramatically improved water quality.

The efficient use of available water and techniques used in ecological water planning in Sweden is described. The country, though sparsely populated and possessing abundant fresh water resources, is on the right track in trying to come up with alternate toilet systems to the ubiquitous water closet which has been found to demand too much fresh water and, additionally, involves an inefficient sewage disposal system.