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Energy consumption efficiency is gaining momentum due to climate change, increased carbon emissions by firms, and paucity of fossil fuels. Energy management systems (EMS) and environmental awareness came into the spotlight few decades ago and are said to improve energy efficiency of firms. The purpose of this paper is to unveil the association and serial mediation between EMS and firm performance through pro-environmental energy consumption (PEC) and pro-environmental energy consumption performance (PECP), and the moderating role of environmental awareness (EA). The obtained data from industrial Turkish firms (n = 189) were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. Results revealed that (1) EMS exerts a significant impact on PEC, (2) EMS impact on PECP is not significant, (3) PEC exerts a significant impact on PECP, (4) PECP exerts a significant impact on firm performance, (5) PEC and PECP serially mediated the association between EMS and firm performance, and (6) EA moderated the association between EMS and PECP, such that the association became stronger when EA is high compare to when it is low. Implications for theory and practice are discussed alongside future research directions.

With the development of environmental energy harvesting technology, the research focus gradually develops from the energy harvester itself to the energy harvesting system of coupled environmental vibration sources, in which environmental airflow energy harvesting technology based on the piezoelectric effect is an important research direction. Here, the study status and development trend of piezoelectric energy harvesting were reviewed and summarized including rotation types, vortex-induced vibration types, flutter types and resonant types. It was found that the rotational multi-array energy harvesters are easy to scale, and the vortex-induced vibration and the flutter energy harvesters are poor adaptability for wide range of airflow velocity, and the resonant types can effectively improve excitation energy and output power. In order to improve power generation capacity and broaden the range of airflow velocity, energy harvesting with multiple frequency excitation and multi-piezoelectric array are future main development tendencies.

This paper assesses the multiplexing efficiency of environmental taxes in ensuring environmental, energy, and economic security which is an integral part of sustainability in six European countries that are leaders in the Environmental Performance Index. This study aims to confirm the hypothesis that environmental taxes and payments could simultaneously affect changes in important environmental, energy, and economic security as well as sustainability parameters. Not all the previously selected taxes, which affect the parameters of all three areas of environmental, energy, and economic sustainability and security can ensure their simultaneous growth. Calculations made for the period 1994–2019 showed that in the system of environmental taxation of Denmark, five environmental taxes and fees provide an increase in the integrated level of environmental, economic, and energy security and sustainability; in Belgium, two environmental taxes are characterized by multiplex efficiency; in France, seven environmental taxes and payments; in Austria, four; in Finland, one; and in the UK, four. The paper’s findings could create the basis for improving environmental taxation systems in the countries to increase comprehensive national security growth and ensure sustainable development path of the countries.

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been proved as a promising energy harvester in recent years, but the challenges of exploring economically triboelectric materials still exist and have aroused interests of many researchers. In this paper, chitosansilk fibroin-airlaid paper composite film (CSA film) was fabricated and then the CSA film based-triboelectric nanogenerator (CSA-TENG) was constructed, which presents an opportunity for natural polymers to be applied in triboelectric materials. Due to the excellent electron donating ability of CSA film, the CSA-TENG can harvest environmental energy with a high efficiency. More importantly, the as-designed CSA film based dual-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (CSA-D-TENG) is successfully assembled into hand clapper and trampoline to harvest mechanical energies generated by human bodies, it is also capable of monitoring human movement while harvesting biomechanical energies. This work provides a simple and environmental-friendly way to develop TENG for biomechanical energies harvesting and human motion monitoring.

Biomass-based materials usually evolve well-developed and unique structures for the transportation of water and nutrition to their pivotal organs. These natural intricate designs allow fascinating properties when harnessed in specific real-world application. Herein, we demonstrate that 3D carbonized corncob (C-corncob) harmoniously coordinates light absorption, water supply, vapor escape, and efficiently utilizes the environmental energy to enhance the performance of the steam generation device due to its multilevel inside and side surface structures. The interfacial solar steam generation based on C-corncob achieves as high as 4.16 kg m−2 h−1 evaporation rate under 1.0 sun illumination and readily overcomes the salt deposition problem. These findings not only demonstrate the competence of the recrement corncob as the lost cost material for interfacial solar steam generation, but also provide inspiration for the creation of solar steam generation devices with the new concept.

A busca pela efetividade das políticas públicas ambientais é um dos grandes desafios do século XXI. Para tanto, em uma análise do contexto gerencial estratégico, técnicas de gestão corporativa passaram a ser utilizadas de forma a viabilizar o alcance da ecoeficiência. No setor de energia, não se perfaz de forma distinta. Passou-se a utilizar o compliance como mecanismo de gestão e alcance dos paradigmas de sustentabilidade. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no contexto exploratório e bibliográfico, com análise de dados oficiais, artigos científicos das principais bases de dados e literatura específica. Ao final, foi possível constatar a importância da aplicação da técnica junto às organizações do setor, bem como sua influência no período da pandemia da Covid-19 em 2020.

Energy is recognized as the backbone of economic development while at the same time it is the most contributor to global warming. This paper aims to assess energy-efficiency of a sample of African countries over the period from 1971 to 2014. Through a directional distance function approach, we estimated both the energy efficiency and the environmental energy efficiency scores in the sample. The results showed that ignoring the undesirable output, i.e. dioxide carbon emissions associated with environmental degradation, overestimates countries’ energy inefficiency. Besides, from a non-parametric approach, we shed light on the sensitivity of countries environmental energy efficiency to the income level. Our findings confirmed the sensitivity of environmental-energy efficiency to the Kuznets curve hypothesis. In particular, countries with high-level income are the most environmental-energy efficient in the sample over the period of study. The paper ends with some policy implications and some research perspectives.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have obtained soaring interest due to their capability for environmental energy harvesting. However, as a harvester for green energy, the frequent adoption of the hardly degradable plastic films is not desirable. Here, we report a fully biodegradable TENG (FBD-TENG) that all elements are made from natural substances, and the utilization of plastic materials is avoided. The leaf cuticle and the inside conductive tissue are utilized as the tribo-material and electrode for one part in the FBD-TENG, and water droplets are employed as the counterpart. By using water droplets to bridge the originally disconnected components into a closed-loop electrical system, we successfully collect energy from the droplet impact onto a plant leaf. The electricity generation phenomenon and the working mechanism of the FBD-TENG have been investigated. Five kinds of plants, as well as rain water droplets, are employed to demonstrate the wide availability of the proposed approach. This study provides a strategy to utilize the pervasively presented electrostatic charges in nature in an eco-friendly way.

Analysis of sludge deposits formed during wastewater treatment gives grounds to evaluate them as a valuable raw material for obtaining biomineral fertilizers. Researcher’s efforts are focused on finding new innovative technical solutions and environmentally friendly approaches in order to make these technologies economically viable. The purpose of this study is to obtain reliable experimental data that will form the basis for a multi-stage technology for the disposal of sludge deposits. A method of combined drying is proposed, in which both the energy of the environment (solar energy) and the energy of secondary energy resources: the heat removed by the cooler from the gasification chambers and the enthalpy of the exhaust gases of gas piston engines - are simultaneously used. The real installation is equipped with a "warm floor" of pipes, in the inner space of which heated circulating water circulates from the cooling system of gas generators. In the experimental setup, the "warm floor" is modeled using a special flat, controlled electric heater. Experiments carried out with a round-the-clock supply of heat from circulating water at a temperature of 40 °C indicate that the use of a "warm floor" can increase the specific amount of moisture removed from the material during the day, almost twice. When constructing a pilot industrial dryer, it is advisable to equip it with a "warm floor" with an additional source of thermal energy, which can be used as the heat of the ground, as well as the heat of high-temperature exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine.

Energy storage devices are indispensable for supporting human activities; thus, producing sustainable environmental energy is a current focus of attention. Lithium–sulfur batteries (Li–S batteries)...

The objective of this study is to estimate environmental energy efficiency (EEE)—defined as energy efficiency measures incorporating undesirable output in the production process—for high-income, middle-income and low-income economies as well as at the global level for the period 1993–2013. Under the broad framework of Data Envelopment Analysis, the traditional input-oriented measures of efficiency, the joint production approach and the latest by-production approach have been used to assess EEE. The empirical results confirm a gradual improvement in EEE level except in the years 1998–1999 and 2009. The high-income economies spearheaded this improvement in EEE followed by the middle-income and low-income economies. This might be explained by the use of a relatively greater share of renewable energy in high-income economies. Moreover, the middle-income economies appear to converge to global EEE levels while low-income economies have lagged behind. Policy implications of our results are also discussed.

In this study, the 6.7-MWe solid fuel in Hatyai, Thailand was modeled and operational data were used to verify the simulated results. A steady-state model was used with a transient fluid environment during solid iteration implementation in UDF. An environmental energy limit was introduced to facilitate keeping the fuel bed’s energy absorption in equilibrium with the energy released from particles in the local fluid, with energy transferring from fluid convection and energy releasing from volatile combustion. The volatile species were obtained from a pyrolysis experiment using a lab-scale fixed-bed reactor equipped with micro GC. Tar was assumed to be CH3CHO for compatibility with GRI3.0. Simulated results showed that the usage of a simplified transported equation and the environmental energy limit could help the model to converge. The results of the solid fuel bed were reasonable and go along with fluid behavior. The simulated temperatures of the fluid at the sensors’ locations had a discrepancy of approximately 30%. The pattern of the simulated temperatures was in line with the measurement. Simulated results also showed solid fuel to be combusted too early, which caused the temperature in the combustion zone to be higher than the measured temperature. The high temperature in the combustion zone could come from assuming tar as CH3CHO, which was combusted early inside the fuel bed.

The determinants of profitability and environmental friendliness of bioconversion are noted in the paper. As one of the major factors the reduction of thermal energy costs for the fermentation of organic wastes in their utilization is proposed to take into consideration. The expediency of using renewable energy sources for thermal stabilization of the fermentation process, especially in the thermophilic mode of organic fermentation, is emphasized. The energy efficiency biogas installation with structural and technological scheme is given as an example. It receives thermal energy to increase its efficiency from a solar collector and a heat pump. It is proposed to evaluate the energy efficiency of a biogas plant taking into account the cost of bioconversion products and the costs of providing this process. A mathematical model was proposed to substantiate the environmental-economic efficiency of a biogas installation with the minimum energy costs for the thermal stabilization of the biomass fermentation process. The model is based on fuzzy set theory which uses linguistic variables. Linguistic variables take into account the influence of quantitative and qualitative factors on the objective function.

The article is dedicated to methodology of eco-design and technical aspects of energy efficient buildings projecting. The concepts of the life cycle of the eco-object and life cycle ecologization are considered. The scheme of life cycle еру eco-object is presented and described.The basic principles of construction of geometrically interpreted physico-mathematical models of processes of heat exchange of energy efficient buildings are revealed. It is noted that the use of building decomposition methods, which is appropriate for dividing the object into simpler elements, allows to present the building in the form of three main energy interconnected subsystems: the energy influence of the external climate on the building envelope; energy contained in the shell of the building, i.e. in the outer enclosure of the building; energy contained inside the building, i.e. in indoor air, indoor equipment, indoor enclosure structures and the like. If necessary, each of these subsystems can be represented by the method of decomposition into smaller, energy-related elements. The design of an energy efficient building is to optimize the three energy interconnected subsystems and the building as a whole as a single energy system.Also, the article describes three stages, which includes the design of energy efficient building in accordance with the principles of system analysis: construction of a mathematical model of heat and mass transfer processes in the building; choice of target function; solution of the set optimization problem.Therefore, as one of the most urgent tasks in determining the level of energy efficiency of buildings and structures is the analysis of their thermal balance, taking into account all energy and energy losses, so the further development and creation of new models of thermal balance of premises is an important and urgent task., The article is dedicated to methodology of eco-design and technical aspects of energy efficient buildings projecting. The concepts of the life cycle of the eco-object and life cycle ecologization are considered. The scheme of life cycle еру eco-object is presented and described.The basic principles of construction of geometrically interpreted physico-mathematical models of processes of heat exchange of energy efficient buildings are revealed. It is noted that the use of building decomposition methods, which is appropriate for dividing the object into simpler elements, allows to present the building in the form of three main energy interconnected subsystems: the energy influence of the external climate on the building envelope; energy contained in the shell of the building, i.e. in the outer enclosure of the building; energy contained inside the building, i.e. in indoor air, indoor equipment, indoor enclosure structures and the like. If necessary, each of these subsystems can be represented by the method of decomposition into smaller, energy-related elements. The design of an energy efficient building is to optimize the three energy interconnected subsystems and the building as a whole as a single energy system.Also, the article describes three stages, which includes the design of energy efficient building in accordance with the principles of system analysis: construction of a mathematical model of heat and mass transfer processes in the building; choice of target function; solution of the set optimization problem.Therefore, as one of the most urgent tasks in determining the level of energy efficiency of buildings and structures is the analysis of their thermal balance, taking into account all energy and energy losses, so the further development and creation

BackgroundEconomic benefit has been analyzed for the yield of farming products when designing a farming system, while waste treatment also generates profitable energy products for this system. The economic factor is decisive in decision-making for applying waste treatment solutions for a small-scale farming system. A household farming system in ​​the Mekong Delta generates many kinds of organic wastes, but most of the agricultural waste resources are disposed of into the environment. MethodsThis study approaches an analysis of economic-environmental-energy (EEE) efficiency for waste treatment of an integrated livestock-orchard (LO) system on a household scale in the Mekong Delta. This novel analysis method is based on the energy content of biomass and its cost. The EEE efficiency is optimized to gain objective functions regarding energy yield efficiency, system profit, and CO2 sequestration for the treatment model. The algorithms are built for optimizing these objective functions. ResultsThe optimization results show the treatment model of pyrolysis and pelleting gain all the objective functions with high efficiency. The model is efficiently applied for the LO system that generates more than 100 kilograms of orchard residues and 3,000 kilograms of pig manure. The system with a charcoal oven and pellet machine is capable to gain energy efficiency due to its potential biofuel products, such as biochars and pellet products. A treatment model of composting, pyrolysis, and pelleting gives the best performance of overall EEE efficiency. ConclusionsThis work has proven economic benefits from integrating biogas tank, charcoal oven, and pellet machine in an integrated LO system. The system contributes not only for reducing CO2 emissions but also for supplementing secondary renewable bioenergy, as well as for increasing incomes and thus supporting livelihoods for the local farming households.

It is helpful to obtain accurate and effective energy information for energy monitoring and controlling by laying out the wireless sensor network (WSN) in a stable energy region. Usually, the temperature and humidity information represents the environmental energy. That is, the stable region of temperature and humidity is the stable energy region. Therefore, this study proposes a WSN layout strategy in a stable temperature and humidity region. Firstly, the temperature and humidity model is built, and then the stable temperature and humidity region are obtained by cluster analysis and mathematical statistics. Finally, the WSN system is designed. WSN nodes are designed and manufactured, and these nodes form the WSN in the stable temperature and humidity region. For example, take the tobacco industry; a data processing system is designed to analyze and manage the temperature and humidity data based on the WSN layout strategy. WSN layout strategy provides a theoretical basis for WSN layout, contributes to data analysis, management, and optimization, and also helps to improve the control system capability and reduce production energy consumption.

For wide-range deployment of wireless sensing nodes in power- and size-constrained Internet of Things applications, self-sustaining wireless sensors without batteries are needed. The energy supply for these ubiquitous sensing devices should harness environmental energy sources to avoid frequent battery replacement and pollution. This paper presents a new soil energy harvesting system with a power management integrated circuit (IC) for wide-range maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The output power of a soil energy cell varies widely according to the soil moisture and soil contents. To extract the maximum amount of energy from the soil, high-efficiency power management with adaptive dc–dc conversion ratios and an MPPT mechanism is essential. The proposed system is implemented with a high-efficiency dc–dc converter IC in a 0.18- ${\mu }\text{m}$ CMOS process. The design achieves a peak tracking efficiency of 90.5% in the throughput power range from 56 $\mu \text{W}$ to 1 mW at an output voltage of 3 V and system efficiency exceeding 65% over an input resistance range of the soil energy source; the peak system efficiency is 73.9%. A demonstration was undertaken of the soil energy harvesting system lighting an LED array without any chemical batteries.

Environmental energy is being studied actively around the world due to the effects of climate change, global warming, and energy policies. Energy policies are being reinforced to reduce building energy consumption. Therefore, environmental-friendly and sustainable building materials have been used to reduce energy consumption. The cross-laminated timber (CLT) wall is an environmental-friendly material that stacks layers at right angles, and bonds them together to form large solid panels. However, there is no standard for CLT structure walls in Korea. This study focuses on analyzing the hygrothermal properties of the CLT wall by showing the water content of the CLT wall, mold growth risk of CLT by WUFI simulation, and energy load by DesignBuilder using the climatic conditions of Seoul, Korea. CLT walls Ext_EPS, Ext_FG, and Ext_EPSFG based on an external insulation system, and walls Int_EPS, Int_FG, and Int_EPSFG based on an internal insulation system, were prepared for simulation analysis. The total water content (TWC) of Wall Ext_EPSFG was measured to be 8.67 kg/m2, which was the lowest TWC. This indicates that the TWC of the external insulation system wall is lower than that of the internal insulation system wall. Furthermore, the water content (WC) of structure based on the external insulation system is lower than that based on the internal insulation system. This indicates that the WC of Wall Ext_FG, measured to be a maximum 8.69% of WC, is lower than Wall Int_EPS, measured to be a maximum 10.45% of WC. According to the risk of mold growth, this indicates that all of the CLT wall layers have low mould growth risk, and the maximum mould index of walls Ext_FG and Int_EPSFG was measured to be 0.019. As a result of the hygrothermal analysis in this paper, CLT walls based on an external insulation system are more suitable than the internal insulation system. Therefore, this study analyzed the energy consumption of CLT walls based on the external insulation system, which was found to be lower than the energy consumption of the internal insulation system walls.

The implementation of new processes for the use of residual biomass is one of the intrinsic goals in the goals established within the objectives of sustainable development to contribute to environmental energy security. This article deals with the production of biogas by co-digestion of bovine waste and bovine manure in two UASB reactors with the same dimensions, with thermal isolation system and without external heating and an average temperature of 16°C, differentiated only because one of them incorporated a manual agitation system. The mixture of pruning residue and cow manure was made with a 1: 2 ratios, a pH of 6.24 and 7.3 (respectively) and a humidity greater than 60%. During the process, it was possible to observe the acidification of the reactor without agitation, which inhibited the production of biogas, while in the system with agitation until day 90, produced 11 L of biogas with a methane composition of 21.11%, which showed the favorable effect of agitation on the anaerobic digestion process.

The research progress in colloidal motors, synthetic colloids that convert environmental energy and swim in water, has attracted much attention in recent years. Yet, its rapid development and interdisciplinary nature has created a hurdle for beginners, especially students and postdocs. In light of this challenge, this tutorial review gives a bird's eye overview of the research field of colloidal motors, presenting in a beginner-friendly manner subjects including the definition and significance of colloidal motors, physical challenges associated with their motion at the microscale, their fabrication and propulsion mechanisms, functionalities that enable their applications, and essential tools and techniques useful for beginners. Emphasis on each aspect is placed on elucidating and connecting important concepts and ideas, rather than on details and individual references. An appendix of recent review articles grouped by subjects on colloidal motors is given in the Supporting Information. This article equips beginners with a clear big picture and essential knowledge that will facilitate future explorations.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been widely applied for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing, whereas smart deformable materials can be combined with the TENG to acquire a more intelligent and self-adaptive system. Here, based on the vapor-driven actuation material of a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer (PFSA), we propose a type of humidity-responsive TENG. The integrated TENG array can automatically bend to the desired angles in response to different humidity conditions, and thus, it can effectively collect energy from both wind and rain drops, where the power density can reach 1.6 W m

The article deals with the technological possibilities of building smart energy networks in Ukraine based on the use of smart innovative and environmentally friendly solutions for the country's energy complex. To this aim, we have typologized innovative energy solutions used in European Union countries, the United States of America and a number of other countries that are actively building smart energy networks, transforming their own energy system in accordance with current requirements. The article identifies six innovative technologies (directions), the use of which will allow to expand the technical arsenal of means for modernization of the energy sector of Ukraine. Keywords: energy sector, energy innovation, smart grids.

With the gradual transformation of the world energy structure to low-carbon green environmental energy, wind energy—as a renewable clean energy, has been widely used due to its clean and safe characteristics. At present, the technology of VSC-HVDC is the best choice for the far sea wind power transmission. In addition, with the large-scale and far-reaching characteristics of offshore wind power, the VSC-HVDC project of bipolar topology is a possible future model. This paper studies and discusses the design of sea electrodes and it’s safety evaluation. The calculation results show that the method can meet the safety requirements of electromagnetic effect and thermal effect.

In natural spaces, people experience traditional environmental Qi (TEQ), which supports healthy environmental energy flow, and helps them gain an overall improved Qi experience from practicing Qigong. However, what kind of urban green spaces support Qigong? This study provides an analysis that measures TEQ, Qi experience, flow experience, restorative experience, and preference when practicing Qigong in different urban green spaces. A total of 654 valid data points were collected. The results indicate that subjects practicing “breathing” among trees, meadows, and waterscapes perceived higher TEQ, Qi experience, flow experience, and restorative experience, and preferred it to the environment of plazas. In addition, practicing Qigong in environments featuring biophilic elements, such as plants (meadows and trees), elicits flow experience and Qi experience in the built environment. Water, an important biophilic element, also produces better TEQ and restorative experiences, and is preferred by human beings. These results make a connection between Qigong, experiences, and biophilic urban green spaces, and offer suggestions for users to gain health benefits while exercising in urban areas.

Artificial intelligence has major role for promoting 5G network system. Artificial intelligence solved those problems which have no proper solution at all. Including artificial intelligence all form of life with one consolidate property is their ability to sense, recognize and react to different environmental conditions. There are many sensing devices in which artificial intelligence involved. Some sensing devices have an ability to sense and recognize temperature, light, humidity, pressure, etc., changes more precisely. But all these types of sensors need some input voltage or power to start the sensing process. World already faces energy crises and, in this situation, we have to need those sensing devices which harvest the environmental energy and convert it into electrical energy. Such devices are termed as self-powered sensors. When the material used in that type of devices within nano range then that devices are termed as self-powered nanosensors. In this chapter, focus is on the self-powered nanosensors and their extraordinary applications in different fields.

This paper examines recent developments in the law and policy of the Republic of Congo regarding the environment, energy, and natural resources. It focuses on developments during the year 2020. In this regard, the first part presents the various aspects of international environmental law that have been incorporated into the national legislation and thus enrich it. The second part, on the other hand, deals with national legislation on agriculture, fisheries, land ownership, energy, and natural resources.

Kinetic envelopes can be defined as technological solutions which are able to move, open and close themselves, increasing the reactive capacity to incident solar radiation or other forms of environmental energy stresses, typical of a traditional facade system. Starting from this definition the chapter will provide a systematic review of these innovative technological solutions and their performance features, with a focus on materials, sensors and mechanical devices that is possible using to guarantee microclimatic control based on the dynamic interaction between the external and internal environments, achieving the target nZEB.

The paper is devoted to the investigation of environmental, energy and economic security by multivariate analysis methods. A set of indicators selected for research conducting includes 9 parameters for each security type. Study sample is formed by data for 6 Eastern European countries (Ukraine, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Hungary and Slovak Republic) for the period 2000–2019. Empirical study was conducted by factor analysis, which allowed identifying the main components of environmental, energy and economic security. Comparison of the results obtained for the studied countries showed differentiation of individual profiles of such types of security. Investigation of integral vectors of environmental, energy and economic security showed the highest level of interaction between energy and environmental security and the lowest one between energy and economic security.

Magnetoelectric (ME) based energy harvester has been attracting lots of interests due to its high output energy density at resonant frequency. However, the narrow bandwidth of the resonant frequency limits it for practical applications considering the wide frequency range of environmental energy source. This paper presents a hybrid multimodal energy harvester based on Metglas/PMN-PT ME composites. Specifically, the harvester uses 8 layers of Metglas to form a cantilever beam, and three PMN-PT plates are attached to the cantilever beam separately in order to work at different modes. The multimodal behaviors of energy harvester are demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. Such advanced energy harvester holds the promising for the wide frequency environmental energy utilization.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained significant traction in recent years, resulting in the deployment of billions of devices. These devices offer a typical battery life that ranges from several months to several years, which results in two problems. Batteries must be replaced, increasing maintenance costs, and toxic batteries are abandoned, damaging the environment. Recent advances in battery technology have delivered primary batteries with a lifetime of 40 years, however, the average power that can be delivered over the lifetime is extremely limited. Energy harvesting is a promising alternative, however, energy harvesting systems are fragile in the face of power failures, which has prevented their widespread adoption. This paper tackles this problem by introducing the HyPer IoT platform, which delivers a deterministic 40 year battery life, through a combination of energy harvesting and a long life primary battery. To mitigate environmental dynamism, HyPer provides a self-adaptive software stack that matches system performance against available environmental energy. Our evaluations show that HyPer reliably achieves a 40 year battery lifetime, with a task schedulability of close to 95.4% of the available energy, while energy harvesting significantly improves performance in comparison to batteries alone.

During the day, flying animals exploit the environmental energy landscape by seeking out thermal or orographic uplift, or extracting energy from wind gradients.1-6 However, most of these energy sources are not thought to be available at night because of the lower thermal potential in the nocturnal atmosphere, as well as the difficulty of locating features that generate uplift. Despite this, several bat species have been observed hundreds to thousands of meters above the ground.7-9 Individuals make repeated, energetically costly high-altitude ascents,10-13 and others fly at some of the fastest speeds observed for powered vertebrate flight.14 We hypothesized that bats use orographic uplift to reach high altitudes,9,15-17 and that both this uplift and bat high-altitude ascents would be highly predictable.18 By superimposing detailed three-dimensional GPS tracking of European free-tailed bats (Tadarida teniotis) on high-resolution regional wind data, we show that bats do indeed use the energy of orographic uplift to climb to over 1,600 m, and also that they reach maximum sustained self-powered airspeeds of 135 km h-1. We show that wind and topography can predict areas of the landscape able to support high-altitude ascents, and that bats use these locations to reach high altitudes while reducing airspeeds. Bats then integrate wind conditions to guide high-altitude ascents, deftly exploiting vertical wind energy in the nocturnal landscape. published

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation with heat localization is an efficient method for large-scale water purification. However, due to the high latent heat of water evaporation and dilute solar flux (1 kW m

The need of more secured and environmental energy is becoming a necessity and priority in an environment suffering from serious problems due to technological development. Since the Smart Grid is a promising alternative that supports green energy and enhances a better management of electricity, the security side has became one of the major and critical associated issues in building the communication network in the microgrid.In this paper we will present the Smart Grid Cyber security challenges and propose a distributed algorithm that face one of the biggest problems threatening the smart grid which is fires.

The environmental energy sustainability of universities has aroused great interest in recent years. In this study, environmental impact assessment tools are used to analyse the environmental impacts of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) since 2015 and to identify reform scenarios to make the university more sustainable. University campuses can be considered to be small cities that impact the environment of the cities where they are located. The environmental impacts of the UPV/EHU Gipuzkoa campus and the impacts on the city of Donostia-San Sebasti&aacute, n in which the university is located are analysed. The environmental impacts are calculated using simulation tools based on three-dimensional models of the university campus and the city. These results are compared with actual impact results from monitoring. The simulation results differ from the monitoring results but provide a rapid determination of the best future scenarios for a more sustainable university by taking the impacts on the city into account. This study enables the university to align its efforts with the Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy.