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Kestävän kehityksen arviointimallin kehittäminen : case Keski-Suomen ympäristöohjelman 2010-2015 toteuman arviointi. Keski-Suomen toinen ympäristöohjelma 2010-2015, Sanoista tekoihin, laadittiin laajan maakunnallisen sidosryhmäyhteistyön tuloksena vuonna 2009 päätavoitteenaan kannustaa koko aluetta konkreettisiin toimenpiteisiin kohti kestävämpää tulevaisuutta. Kaksiosaisessa tutkimuksessa muodostettiin ensin kestävän kehityksen arviointiin liittyvän kirjallisuuskatsauksen pohjalta räätälöity teoreettinen malli ympäristöohjelman arviointiin. Empiirisessä tutkimuksessa sovellettiin mallia käytäntöön kartoittamalla, mitä toimenpiteitä oli toteutettu ja millainen yleinen kehityssuunta maakunnassa oli ollut ohjelmakauden aikana. Näiden pohjalta arvioitiin ympäristöohjelman tavoitteiden toteumaa kahdelta näkökantilta; 1) vuosilta 2009-2015 kerätyn alueellisen numeerisen ympäristötiedon data-analyysin sekä 2) kahdeksan yksilöhaastattelun ja yhden ryhmähaastattelun pohjalta laaditun sisällönanalyysin pohjalta. Kaikki haastateltavista osallistuivat ympäristöohjelman laatimiseen eri sidosryhmien asiantuntijaedustajina ja he olivat jatkaneet työskentelyä vastaavissa tehtävissä alueella koko ohjelmakauden ajan. Yhteensä 101 tavoitteesta 52 % toteutui, 33 % osittain, 4 % ei toteutunut ja 11 % ei arvioitu. Kaikissa ohjelman teemoissa oli edetty vuodesta 2009, valtaosassa tavoitteiden mukaisesti, tosin vesien tila, liikenteen ilmastovaikutukset ja luonnon monimuotoisuus osoittivat myös negatiivista trendiä. Ohjelman ohjausvaikutus maakuntaan keskittyi valmisteluryhmien toiminta-aikaan sekä yksilö- että organisaatiotasolla – varsinaisella ohjelma-ajalla ympäristöohjelma jäi muiden ohjelmien varjoon. Laaja sidosryhmäyhteistyö mahdollisti realistisen tavoiteasetannan, edisti yhteistä oppimista sekä pohjusti myöhempää alueellista kehitystyötä. Tulokset myös tarjoavat ehdotuksia mahdollisia tulevia ympäristöohjelmia varten. Arviointia varten luotu kehikko sopi maakunnallisen ympäristöohjelman arviointiin antamalla työlle luontevan mutta joustavan viitekehyksen. The second environmental programme of Central Finland for 2010-2015 was prepared through wide stakeholder collaboration to encourage the whole region to take concrete actions towards sustainability. The study consisted of two parts; firstly, through a literature review on the concept of sustainability assessment, a tailored framework is developed to assess the realization of environmental programme of Central Finland. Secondly, this framework is implemented to investigate empirically concrete actions contributing to the programme aims and general development of the region, and to assess the achievement of the objectives of the programme. The empirical data is based on a data analysis of quantitative regional environmental data from the years 2009-2015, as well as a content analysis of eight individual interviews and one focus group interview. All interviewees participated in the creation of the programme as expert representatives of various stakeholder groups and have been employed by the same organization or in similar duties throughout the programme period. Out of 101 objectives of the programme, 52 % were achieved, 33 % partially, 4 % not achieved, and 11 % were not able to assess. In all 16 themes of the programme, a positive progress could be identified in accordance with the objectives. State of the waterways, climate impacts from the transportation and biodiversity indicated also negative development trend. The programme influenced the region mainly during the preparation phase on individual and organisational level, while during the programme period, other policy documents over- shadowed the environmental programme. Wide participation of stakeholders enabled establishing feasible objectives, enhanced mutual learning, and laid the basis for further collaboration and regional development work. The findings also provide suggestions for possible future environmental programmes. The assessment framework created for this study provided an appropriate tool and a theoretical basis for assessing flexibly a regional programme in a Finnish context.

Siguiendo el consolidado modelo de trabajo de la Unión Europea en materia ambiental, una vez que el Sexto Programa finalizó en el verano de 2012, la Comisión, el Consejo y otras Instituciones iniciaron el proceso de elaboración del Séptimo Programa Ambiental, que se ha plasmado en la Propuesta formal del mismo de la Comisión en noviembre de 2012, comenzando así su procedimiento de aprobación formal. El nuevo Programa trata de hacer frente a los retos de la Unión para los años 2013-2020 en materia ambiental. El trabajo analiza el proceso de elaboración del nuevo texto y su contenido. Following the established working model of the European Union on environmental, once the Sixth completed in the summer of 2012, the Commission, the Council and other Institutions began the process of drafting the Seventh Environment Programme, which has reflected in the formal proposal from the Commission thereof in November 2012, and began his formal approval procedure. The new Program seeks to address the challenges of the Union for the years 2013-2020 on the environment. The paper analyzes the process of drafting the new text and content.

Information management should play a very important role in the EPDRB programme because it should enable the effective use of collected information within the Programme for the benefit of all countries involved and serve as a basis for decision-making support in the process of solving environmental problems facing all countries from the region. Danube Applied Research Projects should contribute to the achievment of these goals. In the framework of the EPDRB the activities in developing sound information management were initiated in 1996. Some fundamental results have been obtained by now. Collection and exchange of the First Phase TNMN data is organizes and approved by all reparian countries. Data for water quality determinands are collected for the years 1995 and 1996 and this activity is continued with Data Exchange File Format (DEFF). The exchange was initiated using 3.5" diskettes by traditional mail. In 1997 a succesfull attempt is made to exchange data also via electronic mail. So far data are collected from the following countries: 1. Germany (also by e-mail) 2. Austria 3. Czech Rep. (only 1995, e-mail available) 4. Slovakia 5. Hungary 6. Slovenia (also by e-mail) 7. Croatia (also by e-mail) 8. Bulgaria (diskettes with data files are incorect and cannot be used) 9. Romania (also by e-mail). Water quality data were as yet not collected from Moldavia, Ukraine and Bosnia & Herzegovina. Experimental WWW pages are produced in Croatia and the creation of similar DANUB-ECO WWW pages is proposed for the whole Danube River Basin. The access to textual databases are organised within DANIS (managed by CEIT in Slovakia) and interfaced to WWW by CEDAR at the University of Vienna. Danis provice information on: 1. EPDRB Programme and Danube SAP 2. Danube Watch 3. Working Groups 4. Danube documents, PCU Library 5. Programmes & Projects 6. REC Library Catalogue 7. Experts 8. Events 9. Danube partners 10. Standards 11. Bilateral & Multirateral Treaties12. English-Slovakia-Hungaria water vocabulary. Of course in these activities a number of problems appear which need to be solved. - Funding of basic activities of IMWG and National Information Managers is not completely solved even if the present finantial support needed is lessthan moderate. - Some countries have problems in transfering national data from local systems to DEFF. IMWG tried to solve these problems but responsible authorities from individual countries are not encouraging these attempts. - Applied Research Projects which should support information management (for example M1, M2 and M3) are not collaborating with working groups or they are not yet initiated. - Data Management Sub-Group which is suppose to coordinate development of DANIS has not been active few years. This is one of the reasons, why there is no interaction between DANIS and IMWG. - DANIS needs improvements in order to incease its efficiency. Much of the information is not any more up-to-date. Searching capabilities are not efficient and should be improved substantially. - A number of similar and relevant earlier and present activities on information management are isolated from IMWG activities. For example, earlier Rhine-Danube Project, Danube Project for Equipe Cousteau and new initiatives like Linkage grant from NATO project "Public Access to Danube Environmental Information". - The finantial resources for the improvement of DEFF and AARDVARK are not available for now. However, new technologies are appearing in the market which can fully integrate different remote Relational Data Bases (RDBMS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and World Wide Web facilities. Such new technologies can be used for information activities within EPDRB programme via INTRANET and for dissemination of information to the public via INTERNET. These new developments represent ideal tools for data management within large international programmes such as EPDRB. Unfortunately, at present finantial resources are not yet available for investigating the potential benefits in using these new technologies. One of the ARP should be dedicated to this subject. New development for data management within EPDRB should have high priority in the future ARP"s. Information management should be organised in the future within DMSG subgroup for global needs and specialised management of measured data within MLIM. However, the intensive cooperation is necesary between DMSG and MLIM SG, as well as ARP Projects. The ectablishment of the experimental WWW pages for MLIM and IMWG could serve as a practical implementation of such cooperation. This cannot be achieved without the minimum finantial resources available for these activities.