1. Economic Development and CO2 Emissions: A Nonparametric Panel Approach
- Author
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Théophile Azomahou, François Laisney, Phu Nguyen Van, Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,020209 energy ,jel:C23 ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,12. Responsible consumption ,jel:O40 ,Environmental Kuznets curve,panel data,poolability test,mono- tonicity test,specification test ,Kuznets curve ,0502 economics and business ,Statistics ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Econometrics ,Per capita ,Economics ,050207 economics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Estimation ,05 social sciences ,Nonparametric statistics ,jel:C14 ,13. Climate action ,jel:O10 ,Finance ,Panel data - Abstract
We examine the empirical relation between CO2 emissions per capita and GDP per capita during the period 1960–1996, using a panel of 100 countries. Relying on the nonparametric poolability test of Baltagi et al. [Baltagi, B.H., Hidalgo, J., Li, Q., 1996. A nonparametric test for poolability using panel data, Journal of Econometrics 75, 345–367], we find evidence of structural stability of the relationship. We then specify a nonparametric panel data model with country-specific effects. Estimation results show that this relationship is upward sloping. Nonparametric specification tests do not reject monotonicity but do reject the polynomial functional form which leads to the environmental Kuznets curve in several studies.
- Published
- 2008