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Meralgia paraesthetica is a mononeuropathy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN), characterized by symptoms such as burning pain, paresthesia und occasionally impaired sudomotor function of the anterolateral thigh. This condition is often caused by compression or traction injuries due to the anatomically exposed location beneath the inguinal ligament. The primary differential diagnosis is lumbar radiculopathy of the L2 and L3 nerve roots. There are numerous variable anatomical courses, which can complicate ultrasound imaging of the nerve. The sonographic visualization of the LFCN is achieved distal to the inguinal ligament in a space filled with adipose tissue between the sartorius muscle and tensor fasciae latae muscle. As technical requirement, a high-frequency linear probe should be available. The diagnosis is primarily based on clinical presentation. Imaging studies, electrophysiological examinations, or diagnostic nerve blocks may be adjuncts. Meralgia paraesthetica is often self-limiting but can lead to chronic pain conditions in some cases, resulting in significant limitations in daily activities and a high degree of suffering. Therapeutic measures include medications, perineural local anesthetic infiltrations, topical therapy, and physiotherapy as part of a multimodal approach. Surgical procedures are available in cases where conservative therapy fails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major peripheral nerves supplying motor and sensory function to the forearm and hand traverse the elbow joint. The complex anatomical relationships of these nerves to the joint and its surrounding musculotendinous structures creates a series of sites where these nerves are vulnerable to compression. Compression syndromes result in distressing constellations of pain, paraesthesia, weakness and loss of coordinated motor function. This article discusses the anatomy and pathophysiology of compressive neuropathies around the elbow joint, their presentation, how they are investigated and diagnosed, and the available management options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptococcus neoformans primarily affects immunocompromised individuals and the central nervous system (CNS) is the most common site of dissemination. Entrapped temporal horn syndrome (ETH) remains a rare CNS manifestation and has not previously been described in solid organ transplant recipients. Here, we present a case of ETH in a 55-year-old woman with history of renal transplant and prior treated Cryptococcal meningitis.

Purpose: In this article, we report a case of an atypical inferior gluteal artery that passed through the piriformis muscle when it emerged from the pelvic cavity in an elderly Japanese female cadaver. We speculate that this atypical artery could be entrapped and compressed by the piriformis muscle and may therefore be associated with piriformis syndrome; however, the anatomical characteristics of such an atypical artery have not been previously reported. To assess this potential association, the atypical inferior gluteal artery was anatomically examined. Methods: The cadaver examined in this report was a 97-year-old Japanese female who was donated to The Nippon Dental University for use in medical education and research. The atypical inferior gluteal artery and surrounding structures in half of the pelvis were examined macroscopically. Results: The atypical inferior gluteal artery arose from the common arterial trunk, formed by itself and the superior gluteal artery, passed through the superior proximal part of the piriformis muscle, and left the pelvic cavity. It supplies branches to the lower half of the gluteus maximus and proximal part of the long head of the biceps femoris muscle. The piriformis muscle originates from the 2nd to 4th sacral vertebrae and attaches to the greater trochanter via a single short tendon. Conclusion: According to our findings, when the atypical inferior gluteal artery is entrapped and compressed, ischemic signs and symptoms may emerge in the lower buttocks and proximal posterior thigh. These results provide a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of piriformis syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neurologie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neurologie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les paresthésies des mains sont un motif fréquent de consultation. Cette symptomatologie est principalement secondaire à une pathologie d'un nerf. La possibilité d'explorer l'ensemble des nerfs du membre supérieur, leur environnement ainsi que de pouvoir réaliser des manœuvres dynamiques font de l'échographie un examen de choix, en complément de l'examen physique, et de l'électroneuromyogramme, pour les syndromes canalaires. Le principal signe échographique est l'hypertrophie du nerf en amont de l'obstacle anatomique qui s'objective par une augmentation de la surface en coupe axiale. L'échographie permet d'identifier une tumeur nerveuse, une variation anatomique du nerf ou de son environnement. Le syndrome du canal carpien est la première cause de paresthésie des mains et le syndrome canalaire le plus fréquent. L'atteinte du nerf médian au coude est rare. Il s'agit du principal diagnostic différentiel du syndrome du canal carpien. Quatres principales causes de conflit sont décrites et explorables à l'échographie : le ligament de Struthers, le lacertus fibrosus, le passage sous le muscle teres pronator et l'arcade du fléchisseur superficiel des doigts. L'atteinte du nerf ulnaire au coude est le second syndrome canalaire le plus fréquent. L'échographie peut faire le diagnostic mais également rechercher un facteur favorisant notamment une instabilité du nerf. L'atteinte au niveau de la loge de Guyon est rare et doit toujours faire rechercher une cause compressive. Les paresthésies des mains secondaires à une atteinte du nerf radial sont principalement en lien avec une pathologie de sa branche superficielle (« syndrome de Wartenberg »). Les principales étiologies sont traumatiques ou secondaires à une compression extrinsèque. L'échographie recherche un névrome et un potentiel diagnostic différentiel. L'atteinte de la branche terminale sensitive du nerf musculo cutané (nerf cutané latéral de l'avant-bras) est rare. Une cause traumatique doit être recherchée. La région pathologique se situe en regard de la face antéro latérale du coude au niveau de l'émergence sous cutanée du nerf. Paresthesia of the hands is a frequent cause for consultation. This symptom is mainly due to a nerve diseases. Ultrasound is a dynamic imaging modality that allow the study of all the nerves of the upper limb and their environment. It plays a role in addition to the electroneuromyogram, for the diagnosis of entrapment syndromes. The main ultrasound sign of nerve compression is the hypertrophy of the nerve upstream of the anatomical obstacle. It can be assessed by an increase in surface area in axial section. Ultrasound can also identify nerve tumours, anatomical variations of the nerve or its environment. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common cause of hand paresthesia and the most common tunnel syndrome. Median nerve involvement at the elbow is rare but remains the main differential diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. For main sites of impingement are described and can be explored by ultrasound: Struthers ligament, lacertus fibrosus, under the teres pronator muscle and the arch of the superficial flexor of the fingers. Ulnar nerve involvement at the elbow is the second most frequent entrapment syndrome. Ultrasound can confirm the diagnosis but also show a contributing factor such as instability of the nerve. Involvement in Guyon's canal is rare and a compressive cause should always being sought. Paresthesias of the hands secondary to radial nerve damage are mainly related to an involvement of its superficial branch (''Wartenberg's syndrome''). The main etiologies are traumatic or secondary to extrinsic compression. Ultrasound is used to look for a neuroma and a potential differential diagnosis. Involvement of the sensitive terminal branch of the musculocutaneous nerve (lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm) is rare. A traumatic cause must be sought. The lesion is usually located on the anterolateral side of the elbow at the level of the subcutaneous emergence of the nerve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is a vascular compression affecting young people. PAES can cause claudication and lead to distal blood flow reduction. Ultrasound could provide a direct and indirect diagnosis approach using different provocative maneuvers. However, the reliability and accuracy of Duplex ultrasound alone to diagnose PAES are uncertain. This study hypothesizes that Duplex ultrasound could lead to false-positive results. Therefore, the study aims to assess the popliteal artery diameter and velocity profile in asymptomatic young people at different provocative maneuvers. Methods: A prospective study of twenty-three limbs of asymptomatic young individuals aged between 21 and 24 was conducted. All individuals were offered a Duplex ultrasound scan of the popliteal and distal runoff arteries at the vascular ultrasound laboratory. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), spectral waveform, the diameter of the popliteal artery, and distal runoff flow velocities were measured at three positions (neutral, active plantarflexion, and erect on top of toes above and below the knee level. These diagnostic parameters were recorded and analyzed. Results: The data was collected over two months; the examined individuals were men with an average age of 23 years and a body mass index of 23.16 kg/m. Popliteal artery diameter above the knee at the neutral position was 5.57 mm, active plantarflexion 5.48 mm, and erect on the top of toes 5.69 mm, (p = 0.624). PSV means above-knee at neutral, active plantarflexion, and erect on the top of toes positions were 50.80, 56.17, and 61.61, respectively, with a p-value of 0.225. There was a significant difference in the diameter and velocity of the popliteal artery below the knee at active plantarflexion and erect on top of toes positions; the mean diameter at neutral was 4.61, at active plantarflexion 4.57, and at erect on top of toes 3.47 (p = 0.018). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the PSV between measurements, mean at neutral, active plantarflexion, and erect on top of toes, (56.67, 69.43, 93.04) respectively, with a p-value of 0.006. Conclusion: Duplex ultrasound diagnosis is a valuable imaging technique and can provide important information about the diameter and velocity profile of the popliteal artery at different provocative maneuvers. However, our findings suggest that Duplex ultrasound alone would lead to false-positive results and cannot be elusive in determining the asymptomatic from symptomatic patients with PAES.

Intramuscular ganglion cyst (IMGC) is a very rare lesion with an unidentified pathogeny that originates within the muscle. We encountered a case of 49-year-old man who complained of intermittent claudication in the right lower limb for 2 months. An intramuscular ganglion cyst in the biceps femoris muscle was diagnosed and located by Computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which compressed the popliteal artery and resulted in ischemia in the right lower limb. Six months after surgical resection, there was no recurrence of the cyst and the popliteal artery was patency. We describe this case with a review of the relevant literature.

Isolated compression of the recurrent motor branch of the median nerve is an uncommon condition encontered in the daily life of the hand surgeon. Its early identification and correction can optimize functional outcomes. Among the few causes described, there are only 2 case reports of compression by fascial bands. We present a case of isolated compression of the recurrent motor branch of the median nerve secondary to anomalous fascial bands in a 34-year-old male patient, with significant atrophy of the thenar musculature of the right hand. Electroneuromyography showed isolated involvement of abductor pollicis brevis, with no sensory changes. The patient underwent exploration and decompression, recovering opposition and thumb function in 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptococcus neoformans primarily affects immunocompromised individuals and the central nervous system (CNS) is the most common site of dissemination. Entrapped temporal horn syndrome (ETH) remains a rare CNS manifestation and has not previously been described in solid organ transplant recipients. Here, we present a case of ETH in a 55-year-old woman with history of renal transplant and prior treated Cryptococcal meningitis.

Objectives: To assess the ability of the current classification system for popliteal entrapment syndrome to accurately capture all patients, and if not, to design an all-inclusive new classification. Methods: Retrospective review of all interventions performed for popliteal entrapment syndrome between 1994 and 2013 at our institution was performed. Preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings were used to establish the compressive morphology of popliteal entrapment syndrome. Patients were categorized, when possible, into six types of the current classification system (Rich classification, modified by Levien) and into seven types of a new classification. Results: Sixty-seven limbs of 49 patients were operated on for unilateral (31) or bilateral (18) popliteal entrapment syndrome. The current classification system captured the anatomy of only 43 (64%) of 67 limbs with popliteal entrapment syndrome. Compressive morphologies without a defined class included aberrant insertion of the lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle, muscle slip originating from the lateral head of gastrocnemius or hamstrings, hypertrophied hamstring muscle, abnormal fibrous bands, perivascular connective tissue, and prominent lateral femoral condyle. The new classification captured 100% of the limbs with popliteal entrapment syndrome. Conclusions: Current classification of popliteal entrapment syndrome is inadequate as more than one-third of the cases reviewed fell outside of the standard classification system. Consideration of a more inclusive new anatomic classification system is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome generally causes calf claudication in young active adult. It is resulting of the anatomical relationship between the popliteal artery and adjacent muscles or fibrous bands in the popliteal fossa. We present the case of a 36-year-old male with left calf claudication limb in whom popliteal artery entrapment syndrome was diagnosed, and successfully treated surgically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Morton’s metatarsalgia was described 145 years ago and its treatment was implemented in the Czech Republic 42 years ago. This is a rare entrapment syndrome on the foot, which may lead to the inability to walk. Nevertheless, we did not fi nd any evaluation of the operated collection of patients in our literature. The aim of the work is to make acquainted the readers with Morton’s metatarsalgia modern diagnosis and surgical treatment on the basis of the own set of patients. Patients and methods: The retrospective study includes 9 patients (8 women and 1 man) with a mean age of 47.4 years who were operated on between 2011 and 2017. The postoperative follow-up lasted 3–9 years. The diagnosis was determined by a clinical examination, tests, ultrasonography, MRI, and postoperative histology. The preoperative conservative therapy and pain lasted 1–10 (average of 3.3) year(s). Morton’s neuroma on the common plantar digital nerve was radically removed by the dorsal approach. Results: In seven patients, the neuroma was located in the area between the heads of the IIIrd and the IVth metatarsus. One female patient underwent resection in the space between the heads of the IInd and the IIIrd metatarsus. In one case, the neuroma occurred in both locations (between the heads of the IInd and the IIIrd and the IIIrd and the IVth metatarsus). The histological findings confirmed the clinical diagnosis of Morton’s neuroma. All operated patients, dysesthesia occurred, but only 5 patients were aware of changes in sensitivity. There was no recurrence in with 3–9 years. Preoperative pain according to the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) was 5–7 (average 5.88). Postoperatively after 6 months, the pain reduced to 0–3 (on average 1.11) according to the NRS. Patients got back to normal walking and sports. Conclusion: The work demonstrates that Morton’s metatarsalgia can be successfully cured by the radical removal of the neuroma by the dorsal approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nerve entrapment syndromes about the elbow are not uncommon and are often diagnostically challenging. An understanding of the anatomy of the relevant nerves is paramount in recognition of various presentations and in the localization of nerve compression sites. A precise diagnosis must be based on a thorough history and physical examination, imaging and neurophysiological studies. An initial attempt at non-operative measures is the mainstay of treatment. In recalcitrant cases, tailoring the nerve decompression surgery according to clinical suspicion can help optimize the operative outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compression of the common fibular nerve at the level of the fibular neck is considered to be the most frequent lower limb entrapment syndrome, which can be either idiopathic or secondary. Decompressive surgery is indicated only after failure of conservative treatment and/or severe neurologic deficit. The effectiveness of microsurgical decompression has been established only for secondary entrapment syndrome. The aim of this study is to assess the results of microsurgical decompression and establish the prognosis of idiopathic severe common fibular nerve entrapment. Fifteen patients were included in this prospective clinical study and were followed at day 1 after surgery and later at 1, 6, and 12 months. More than half (64.3%) of patients had a total motor deficit (0/5). The median motor function preoperatively was 0/5. The average time of conservative treatment before surgery was 25.7 days (range 5–110 days). One patient refused surgical management. Thirteen out of 14 patients who underwent surgery showed significant motor function improvement. The median motor strength at 12 months was 4.5/5. Half of the patients regained normal motor function. The only patient who did not improve had the longest time to surgery interval (110 days). The patient who refused surgery showed no improvement (0/5 at 12 months). Microsurgical decompression should be considered early in the context of severe idiopathic common fibular nerve entrapment in order to get a favorable outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is a rare vascular disease that affects young adults and athletes. Patient usually presented with intermittent claudication and infrequently with acute limb ischemia. The incidence is low and largely undiagnosed due to unawareness of the entity in general practice. This article highlighted a case of Type II PAES in a 32 years old soldier, in whom the symptoms of claudication were disregarded for two years. The diagnosis was made via ultrasound and his symptoms completely resolved after right myomectomy and popliteal bypass with interposition of vein graft. We highlight this uncommon cause of claudication and revisited management of current case with previous literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compression of the femoral nerve (FN) to the iliac fossa has been reported as a consequence of several pathologies as well as due to the aberrant muscles. The purpose of this research was to investigate the patterns of the accessory muscles of iliopsoas muscles and the relationship of the FN in fifty semi pelvis. Accessory muscular slips from iliacus and psoas, piercing or covering the FN, were found in 19 specimens (7.9%). Based on the macroscopic structure, the muscle was categorized into two types. Pattern 1 as the more frequent variation, was sheet muscular type covering the FN (17 specimens, 89.5%). Pattern 2, the less frequent variation was found on a muscular slip covering the FN (2 specimens, 10.5%). Iliac and psoas muscles and their variants on both types were defined. Appraising the relation between the muscle and the nerves, each disposition of the patterns may be a potential risk for nerve entrapment. The knowledge about the possible variations of the iliopsoas muscle complex and the FN may also give surgeons confidence during pelvic surgery. Recognition of these variations in normal anatomy may be useful to the clinicians when treating patients with refractory leg pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biceps brachii is one of three muscles of the anterior compartment of arm. Variations of the biceps brachii are not rare. The most frequent is the existence of a third head called the humeral head by Le Double (1897) (Rodríguez-Vázquez et al., 1999). Our article is based on the unexpected result of a routine dissection class held for medical students. Dissection was performed according to the guidelines accepted by the anatomy department (Seichert, 1999). We describe a third (accessory) head of the biceps brachii. In addition of two regular heads, the third head originated together with the short head from the coracoid process and had three insertions on the humerus after enfolding the median nerve and the brachial artery. This particular variation is important from a clinical perspective as the third head may cause entrapment syndrome of the median nerve and hypoperfusion of the upper limb due to compression of the brachial artery.

Entrapment neuropathies of the peripheral nervous system are frequently encountered due to anatomical variations. Median nerve is the most vulnerable nerve to undergo entrapment neuropathies. The clinical complications are mostly manifested by median nerve impingement in forearm and wrist areas. Median nerve entrapment could also occur at the arm, due to the presence of ligament of Struthers. Here we report a rare case of proximal entrapment of median nerve and brachial artery in the arm by an abnormally formed musculo-fascial tunnel. The tunnel was formed by the muscle fibers of brachialis and medial intermuscular septum in the lower part of arm. Due to this, the median nerve coursed deep, below the tunnel and continued distally into the forearm, underneath the pronator teres muscle and hence did not appear as a content of cubital fossa. The present entrapment of neurovascular structures in the tunnel might lead to pronator syndromes or other neurovascular compression syndromes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuromuscular and musculoskeletal medicine is witnessing rapid development of highresolution ultrasound, the advantages of which include absence of radiation exposure, no absolute contraindications, cost-eff ectiveness, dynamic imaging and repeatability. The present paper reviews the use of ultrasound in evaluating localized muscle and peripheral nerve lesions. Ultrasound can also be used to detect muscle fasciculations and fi brillations. It also enables detection of morphological changes accompanying chronic myopathies. Ultrasound is a valuable tool to guide various interventional procedures (fl uid aspiration, botulinum toxin injection, joint injections, nerve blocks etc). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All three major peripheral nerves to the forearm and hand traverse the elbow joint. Each nerve has a complex pathway intertwining between and around the other soft tissue structures around the joint that allow stability and mobility. Each nerve glides freely in a pulleyed tunnel that allows both efficiency of motion and provides soft tissue protection. The symptoms of nerve entrapment and compression vary with each nerve depending on the degree of compression and the nature of the nerve fascicles involved: altered sensation; tingling; weakness; pain. This article discusses entrapment syndromes of the median, ulnar and radial nerves at the elbow including cubital tunnel syndrome, radial tunnel syndrome, posterior interosseous nerve compression, anterior interosseous nerve compression and pronator syndrome. The anatomical course, clinical features, investigations and treatment strategies for management are all considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastrocnemius is a superficial muscle of the posterior compartment of leg. It usually arises by two heads- a medial and a lateral head. A third head of Gastrocnemius has been reported to occur in 2.9 - 5.5% of subjects. This anomaly has been implicated as a cause for popliteal vessel entrapment syndrome.Variations of the heads of origin of Gastrocnemius muscle were studied in 20 lower extremities of ten adult cadavers during routine Popliteal Fossa dissection at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry. An accessory third head of Gastrocnemius was found in four lower limbs (20%). This third head originated along with the lateral head of Gastrocnemius.

Introduction: ossification of the superior transverse scapular ligament and morphological variations of the scapular notch can lead to incarceration of the suprascapular nerve. Case report: during the routine of care in the single health system, during the physiotherapeutic evaluation and after delivery of the radiography, ossification of the upper transverse scapular ligament was found on the right scapula of one of the patients attending the orthopedics department. Conclusion: ossification of the superior scapular transverse ligament certainly seems to be an event responsible for the incarceration of the suprascapular nerve and some painful syndromes in the shoulder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bicipital aponeurosis (BA) is the distal aponeurosis of the biceps brachii which usually covers the median nerve (MN), and the brachial artery (BrA) and sometimes causes compression of these structures. Since these situations are rarely reported in the literature, BA frequently does not come to mind as a cause of such compression. Therefore, the diagnosis may be delayed. In this study, we aimed to investigate the morphometry of BA and its relationship with the surrounding neurovascular structures and to draw attention to BA as a structure that can cause entrapment of the MN and rarely, the BrA. We examined the MRIs of the elbow of 279 patients (107 women, 172 men) aged between 18 and 72 years. We measured the thickness, length and width of BA, and investigated the anatomical relationship between BA, BrA, and MN. The respective median thickness, width, and length of BA were 0.7 (0.4-1.8 mm), 18.0 (6.0-34.0 mm), and 32.0 (18.0-50.0 mm), respectively. In all sections examined, the BA covered the BrA and MN, and was located immediately anterior to the BrA. In 225 (80.6%) of 279 MRIs, the BrA was located anterior to the MN and posterior to the BA. In the remaining 54 (19.4%) MRIs, the MN was located anterior to the BrA and posterior to the BA. The respective median thickness, width, and length of the BA were 0.7 mm, 18.0 mm, and 32.0 mm, respectively. It covered the BrA and MN and was located immediately anterior to the BrA. The BA sometimes causes compression syndromes of these structures, therefore, for physicians, it is important to understand the anatomy of the BA., (© 2022 American Association for Clinical Anatomists and the British Association for Clinical Anatomists.)

Copyright of Obere Extremitat is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Lower back pain (LBP) remains a common ailment among adult populations and a superior cluneal nerve (SCN) entrapment accounts for 10% of reported LBP cases. The diagnostic criteria for SCN entrapment include anaesthesia of the area supplied by the SCN after performing a nerve block. Several surgical reports describe the anatomy of the SCN but purely anatomical studies of the course of the SCN are rare. This study aimed to describe the location of the SCN in relation to easily identifiable bony landmarks. Methods: The SCN was identified as it pierced the thoracolumbar fascia and crossed over the posterior part of the iliac crest on both sides of 27 adult cadavers. A sliding dial calliper was used to measure the distance from the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) to the SCN and from the midline lumbar spinous processes to the nerve. Results: The PSIS to SCN measurement was found to be 69.6 ± 15.0 mm (mean ± SD) while the midline to SCN measurement was 72.1 ± 10.2 mm. Discussion: This study showed clear gender differences in the PSIS to SCN measurement, due to the sexual dimorphism of the bony pelvis. There was also found to be a positive correlation between the height of the sample and the distances of the SCN from both the midline and PSIS. This study provides a clear anatomical description of the course of the SCN as it crosses the iliac crest, which will allow for the successful identification of the SCN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les syndromes canalaires au pied sont très rares. Le plus connu est le syndrome du tunnel tarsien. Il correspond à la compression du nerf tibial, sous le ligament retinaculum des fléchisseurs à la cheville, ou de ses branches terminales. Il ne s’agit pas à proprement parler d’un véritable syndrome canalaire idiopathique comme pour le syndrome du canal carpien. Il résulte le plus souvent de lésions post-traumatiques ou de déformations du pied. Les formes idiopathiques existent, mais pour certains, restent de réalité discutable. Le diagnostic en est souvent difficile. L’examen électroneuromyographique est de loin moins performant que pour le nerf médian au canal carpien. Les autres syndromes canalaires sont encore plus rares. Il peut s’agir des branches terminales du nerf tibial : plantaire médial et latéral, des nerfs calcanéens, des extrémités distales des nerfs fibulaires profonds et superficiels. Le névrome de Morton peut y être rattaché. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective : Posture-induced radial neuropathy, known as Saturday night palsy, occurs because of compression of the radial nerve. The clinical symptoms of radial neuropathy are similar to stroke or a herniated cervical disk, which makes it difficult to diagnose and sometimes leads to inappropriate evaluations. The purpose of our study was to establish the clinical characteristics and diagnostic assessment of compressive radial neuropathy. Methods : Retrospectively, we reviewed neurophysiologic studies on 25 patients diagnosed with radial nerve palsy, who experienced wrist drop after maintaining a certain posture for an extended period. The neurologic presentations, clinical prognosis, and electrophysiology of the patients were obtained from medical records. Results : Subjects were 19 males and 6 females. The median age at diagnosis was 46 years. The right arm was affected in 13 patients and the left arm in 12 patients. The condition was induced by sleeping with the arms hanging over the armrest of a chair because of drunkenness, sleeping while bending the arm under the pillow, during drinking, and unknown. The most common clinical presentation was a wrist drop and paresthesia on the dorsum of the 1st to 3rd fingers. Improvement began after a mean of 2.4 weeks. Electrophysiologic evaluation was performed after 2 weeks that revealed delayed nerve conduction velocity in all patients. Conclusion : Wrist drop is an entrapment syndrome that has a good prognosis within several weeks. Awareness of its clinical characteristics and diagnostic assessment methods may help clinicians make diagnosis of radial neuropathy and exclude irrelevant evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]