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Because Human Anatomy and Physiology (A&P), a gateway course for allied health majors, has high dropout rates nationally, it is challenging to find a successful pedagogical intervention. Reports on the effect of integration of flipped classrooms and whether it improves learning are contradictory for different disciplines. Thus many educators are reluctant to explore the value of flipped classrooms. Therefore, in the present study we compare incorporating flipped classroom and minimal class discussion (control group) with flipped classroom and active learning activities (experimental group) in A&P and their impacts on both students' exam performance and their satisfaction with the course. Assessments consisted of a survey of students' attitudes and a comparison of exam performance in experimental and control groups. Exam performance among the students in flipped-classroom and active learning activities improved significantly relative to the control group [Mean ± SD: (76.93 ± 18.33 vs 67.8 ± 18.81), p<0.001. Student attitude, in which students rated the efficiency of pedagogical learning on a five-point Likert scale, was positive: the majority of students strongly preferred active-learning activities that were incorporated in the flipped-classroom. Students indicated that these activities helped them learn better and to connect the materials to the goals of their future careers (73.88% and 79.77% respectively). Therefore, we conclude that flipped classroom coupled with active learning strategies can improve students' performance and attitude in the introductory A&P course.

Undergraduate biology education has changed over the past decade, incorporating an iterative and evidence-based approach. Many educational assessments have confirmed the effectiveness of integrating authentic research and open-ended inquiry into introductory biology courses, demonstrating a significant positive impact on students' learning and attitude towards STEM majors. Despite these findings, only a handful of Biology instructors in 2-year colleges adopt this approach, and when adopted, most activities constitute a small fraction of these courses. Finding a feasible, sustainable, semester-long, and cost-effective strategy to incorporate authentic research in the curriculum which promotes integrated understanding of science and addresses socio-scientific issues, is a big challenge for both instructors and administrators at 2-year colleges. Here we present a unique model incorporating a semester-long authentic research-based set of laboratories in introductory Biology through which students investigate the water quality in areas close to their communities. Our approach is fully aligned with all five core components of an effective Course-based Undergraduate Research Experience according to CUREnet. The laboratories were developed to be fully incorporated into the teaching curriculum. Each laboratory was designed to ensure students acquire the knowledge and skills set out in the course syllabus through a process of discovery designed to promote students' engagement.

Mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia is a necessary treatment for patients with respiratory distress. However, patients on mechanical ventilation have increased susceptibility to infection. Studies including ours have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by exposure to prolonged hyperoxia, can cause a decrease in the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a form of ROS generated under hyperoxic conditions. In this study, we examined whether treatment with H2O2 directly affects macrophage phagocytic ability in RAW 264.7 cells that were exposed to either 21% O2 (room air) or 95% O2 (hyperoxia). Moderate concentrations (ranging from 10 to 250 µµM) of H2O2 significantly enhanced macrophage phagocytic activity and restored hyperoxia-suppressed phagocytosis through attenuation of hyperoxia-induced disorganization of actin cytoskeleton and actin oxidation. These results indicate that H2O2 at low--moderate concentrations can be beneficial to host immune responses by improving macrophage phagocytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]