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Purpose This study performed an analysis of clinicopathological characteristics, surgical treatment strategy and survival for CRC patients with LM between China and the U.S. Methods The CRC patients with simultaneous LM were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry and the Chinese National Cancer Center (CNCC) database from 2010 to 2017. We assessed 3-year cancer specific survival (CSS) according to surgical treatment strategy and time period. Results Differences in patient age, gender, primary tumor location, tumor grade, tumor histology, tumor stage were observed between the U.S. and China. Compared to the U.S., a larger proportion of patients in China underwent both primary site resection (PSR) and hepatic resection (HR) (35.1% vs 15.6%, P

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) and to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of three techniques of NOSES for rectal cancer (RC).A consecutive series of RC patients in stage I-III who underwent laparoscopic NOSES were enrolled. Three main techniques of NOSES included specimen eversion and extra-abdominal resection (EVER), specimen extraction and extra-abdominal resection (EXER) and intra-abdominal resection and specimen extraction (IREX). The postoperative complications, 5-year disease free survival (DFS), 5-year local recurrence rate (LRR) and 5-year distant metastasis rate (DMR) were compared in three techniques.268 RC patients met inclusion criteria, including 83 patients treated with EVER, 75 patients treated with EXER and 110 patients treated with IREX. Tumor location was the most critical factor associated with technique selection, with P 0.001. Postoperative complication rate was 12.3% for all patients, and it was 18.1% for EVER, 13.3% for EXER and 7.3% for IREX. There were no significant differences for anastomotic leakage, anastomotic bleeding and intraabdominal abscess among three technique groups, with P 0.05. For long-term outcomes, the 5-year DFS, 5-year LRR and 5-year DMR were 85.03%, 4.22% and 11.00% for all patients. Patients in advanced tumor stage have worse long-term survival compared with patients in early stage, but no significant survival differences were observed among three technique groups.Three techniques of NOSES for RC had acceptable short- and long-term outcomes, and tumor location was a determinant of technique selection.

Background Some recent studies on insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate (IRTKS) have focused more on its functions in diseases. However, there is a lack of research on the role of IRTKS in carcinomas and its mechanism remains ambiguous. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role and mechanism of IRTKS in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods We analysed the expression of IRTKS in CRC tissues and normal tissues by researching public databases. Cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of 67 CRC patients who had undergone radical resection were collected from our center. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were performed in 52 and 15 pairs of samples, respectively. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to observe the effect of IRTKS on CRC cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Metascape platforms were used for functional annotation and enrichment analysis. We detected the protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation and cell viability of SW480 transfected with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with or without basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) through immunoblotting and proliferation assays. Results The expression of IRTKS in CRC tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues and normal tissues (all P Conclusion IRTKS mediated the bFGF-induced cell proliferation through the phosphorylation of AKT in CRC cells, which may contribute to tumorigenicity in vivo.

BackgroundAlthough radiation therapy (RT) improves local control for rectal cancer (RC), the long-term risks from RT, including development of a secondary malignancy, are controversial. The risk and prognosis of secondary bladder cancer (SBC) in RC patients undergoing RT have not been adequately studied. Our goal is to investigate the impact of RT on the risk of developing SBC and assess their survival outcomes.MethodsThis large population-based study included RC patients as their initial primary cancer from nine registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database between 1973 and 2015. The cumulative incidence of SBC was assessed by using Fine and Gray’s competing risk regression. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was used to compare the incidence of SBC in RC survivors to the US general population. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the 10-year overall survival (OS) and 10-year cancer specific survival (CSS) for patients with SBC.ResultsOf 74,646 RC patients, 24,522 patients were treated with surgery and RT and 50,124 patients were treated with surgery alone. The incidence of SBC was 1.85% among patients who received RT and 1.24% among patients who did not. The incidence of SBC in RC patients who received RT was higher than the US general population (SIR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.19-1.53, PConclusionRadiation was associated with an increased risk of developing SBC in RC patients, and special attention should be paid to the surveillance of these patients.

NOSES I is mainly applicable to patients with small tumors located in the lower rectum. NOSES I has no differences regarding the extent of resection and lymph node dissection when compared with the conventional laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. The main differences between conventional laparoscopic surgery and NOSES I are digestive tract reconstruction and specimen extraction. The main operating procedures of NOSES I include transanal rectal eversion, extra-corporeal specimen removal, and totally laparoscopic end-to-end anastomosis between sigmoid colon and rectum. In addition, this technique may facilitate to determine the distance from the distal edge of the tumor to the dentate line under direct vision and avoid positive distal resection margin, thereby greatly improve the possibility of ultralow anastomosis. At present, NOSES I mainly includes two approaches of digestive tract reconstruction, namely NOSES IA and NOSES IB. There are some slight differences between these two approaches. NOSES IA involves the application of non-touch technique, but NOSES IB does not. Therefore, the indication of NOSES IB is wider than NOSES IA, but both of the approaches achieve the same surgical outcome. On the basis of ensuring the radical resection, NOSES I has obvious advantages such as less trauma, faster recovery, better cosmetic effect, etc., which is a worthy technique to be mastered and popularized by surgeons.

// Qian Zhang 1 ,2, Yufu Wang 1, 2 , Hanqing Hu 1, 2 , Rui Huang 1, 2 , Lei Xie 1, 2 , Enrui Liu 1, 2 , Ying-Gang Chen 1, 2 , Guiyu Wang 1, 2 and Xishan Wang 1, 2, 3 1 Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, PR China 2 Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, PR China 3 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100021, PR China Correspondence to: Xishan Wang, email: wxshan1208@126.com Guiyu Wang, email: guiywang@163.com Ying-Gang Chen, email: chygang777@126.com Keywords: socioeconomic, SEER, colorectal cancer, survival, adverse Received: October 17, 2016 Accepted: May 29, 2017 Published: September 13, 2017 ABSTRACT Socioeconomic status (SES) has an impact on the survival of various cancers, but it has not been fully understood in colorectal cancer (CRC).The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database was adopted to detect the role of SES in the survival outcomes of CRC. A total of 184,322 eligible patients were included and SES status was analyzed. The multivariable analysis showed that Non-Hispanic Black (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.15–1.24), being widowed (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.07), any Medicaid (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.33–1.39) and the lowest education level group patients had relative poorer prognosis. Besides, sex, tumor location, age, differentiation level and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage also had significant effects on overall survival of CRC. The individuals were further divided into five groups according to the number of survival-adverse factors. All of the four groups containing adverse factors showed impaired survival outcomes compared with the group containing no adverse factor.

Key Points Question Is radiotherapy for rectal cancer associated with the increasing risk of second gynecological malignant neoplasms and prognosis in women with rectal cancer? Findings In this cohort study of 20 142 patients with rectal cancer, radiotherapy for rectal cancer was associated with an increased risk of second cancer of the uterine corpus and ovarian cancer. Development of cancer of the uterine corpus was associated with a worse prognosis. Meaning Results of this study suggest that special attention is warranted to reduce the risk of second gynecological malignant neoplasms in the treatment and follow-up of patients with rectal cancer after radiotherapy., Importance Radiotherapy is a common treatment for rectal cancer, yet the risk of second gynecological malignant neoplasms (SGMNs) in patients with rectal cancer undergoing radiotherapy have not been adequately studied. Objective To investigate the association between radiotherapy and the risk of individual types of SGMN in patients with rectal cancer and assess survival outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants A large population-based cohort study was designed to identify the risk of SGMNs in patients with rectal cancer diagnosed from January 1973 to December 2015. The statistical analysis was conducted from September 2019 to April 2020. The study was based on the 9 cancer registries of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. A total of 20 142 female patients with rectal cancer in localized and regional stage were included. Exposure Receipt of neoadjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer. Main Outcomes and Measures The development of an SGMN defined as any type of GMN occurring more than 5 years after the diagnosis of rectal cancer. The cumulative incidence of SGMNs was estimated by Fine-Gray competing risk regression. Poisson regression was used to evaluate the radiotherapy-associated risk for SGMNs in patients undergoing radiotherapy vs patients not undergoing radiotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess the survival outcomes of patients with SGMNs. Results Of 20 142 patients, 16 802 patients (83.4%) were White and the median age was 65 years (interquartile range, 54-74 years). A total of 5310 (34.3%) patients were treated with surgery and radiotherapy, and 14 832 (65.7%) patients were treated with surgery alone. The cumulative incidence of SGMNs during 30 years of follow-up was 4.53% among patients who received radiotherapy and 1.53% among patients who did not. In competing risk regression analysis, undergoing radiotherapy was associated with a higher risk of developing cancer of the uterine corpus (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.14-4.37; P, This cohort study assesses the association between radiotherapy and the risk of individual types of second gynecological malignant neoplasms in patients with rectal cancer and estimates survival outcomes for patients with secondary cancers.

The development of mobile technology makes augmented reality (AR) teaching and learning content in classroom more common in recent years. In English as second language (ESL) learning, previous studies have showed AR's potential advantages. In this study, an English learning lesson with a mobile-based AR application were designed and implemented in primary school level. AR application could help students to improve basic listening and speaking skills in English. Moreover, inquiry-based learning activity was also carried out with AR application. The aim of this research is to explore the effect of well-designed lesson and learning activities with AR application. Face-to-face interviews with the teachers and students show that the AR in ESL has some unique advantages. Students also have positive attitudes towards this technology in the English learning lesson. Limitations of this research were also discussed.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of D3 lymph node (TSLN) for the survival of patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS A total of 156 patients with R0 resected colorectal cancer were selected from 2011 to 2015 to carry out a retrospective study. The survival rate according to the groups of positive lymph node number (N: 1-3, N2: 4-6, N3: ≥7) and TSLN (TSLN [-], TSLN [+]) was analyzed. The influences of covariates on the 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) were determined by the Cox proportional risk model of backward stepwise analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to draw survival curves between and within groups. RESULTS During the median follow-up period (44.0 months), the 5-year DFS rate and OS rate were 45.0% and 46.0%, respectively. Survival analysis of the TSLN group showed that the 5-year OS rate and 5-year DFS rate in the TSLN (+) group (20.0 and 16.2%, respectively) were significantly lower than those in the TSLN (-) group (68.3 and 51.6%, respectively) (P

This study assessed the effectiveness of rehabilitating children with autism with a series of Leap Motion-based applications in a special school setting. Experiment was carried out according to an AB sequence. Experimental result showed that the two participants' fine motor skills improved significantly, and their recognition of colors and fruits after the intervention was 100%.