Search

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se realizaron 4 experimentos, con objeto de determinar el efecto del reemplazo de soya con pasta de semilla de calabaza (PSC). En el primero, se estudió el efecto de varios niveles (0, 5. 10 y 15%) de PSC en dietas sorgo + soya para pollos de engorda. Los datos a la semana 9 indicaron (P

Se realizaron cuatro experimentos con pollos de engorda para determinar el valor nutritivo de la pasta de semilla de calabaza. En el primero, con pollos de 7-28 dí­as de edad se utilizó un arreglo factorial 2 X 3 + 1; dietas con 15% de proteí­na a base de pasta de calabaza cruda o cocida a 1.055 kg/〖cm〗^2 durante 15 minutos, fueron suplementadas con 0, 0.30% de L-lisina y 0.22% de DL-metionina. Se utilizó como testigo una dieta de pasta de soya. Los datos indicaron respuesta íºnicamente (P < 0.05) a la adición de L-lisina en los dos tipos de pasta de calabaza empleados. La dieta con pasta de soya fue superior (P < 0.05) a las dietas de calabaza en todos los parámetros estudiados. En el segundo trabajo con pollos (7-21 dí­as) se estudió el efecto de tiempo de cocido (0, 15, 30 y 60 minutos) a 1.055 kg/cm1 en la pasta de calabaza. No se encontró efecto (P > 0.05) a cocido. En un tercer experimento con pollos de 7-21 dí­as de edad, se administraron dietas con 15% de proteí­na a base de pasta de calabaza, y suplementada con L-lisina sola y adicionada con DL-metionina o con L-treonina. La adición de L-lisina, DL-metionina y L-treonina mejoró (P < 0.05) la ganancia de peso y la eficiencia alimenticia. En los experimentos 1, 2 y 3, los pollos alimentados con pasta de calabaza presentaron sí­ntomas nerviosos. En el cuarto experimento con pollos de 7-35 dias de edad, la calabaza se empleó a niveles más bajos como reemplazo en una dieta de pasta de ajonjolí­ o pasta de soya; esta íºltima con y sin L-lisina. No hubo diferencia (P > 0.05) en ganancia de peso, cuando el ajonjolí­ fue reemplazado por calabaza. La sustitución de soya por calabaza redujo (P < 0.05) el crecimiento de las aves; sin embargo, la adición de L-lisina contrarrestó (P < 0.05) en parte este efecto detrimental. En este experimento, las aves alimentadas con pasta de calabaza no presentaron sí­ntomas nerviosos.

The article presents a study on the use of fresh or biofermented sugarcane as supplement of pasture in dairy cows during dry season in Cuba. Based on the results of the study, the sugarcane biofermented with cattle feces can be an alternative food for dairy cows in production, during the period of feed shortening and a way for recycling cattle feces to improve the hygiene of the rearing facilities.

Se ha planteado que la hormona de crecimiento (GH) y la Prolactina (PRL) pueden intervenir en procesos infecciosos como inmunomoduladores vía receptores específicos; revelando una conexión entre el sistema inmune y el sistema endocrino en los tejidos, donde actúan como citoquinas a través de diferentes rutas de señalización. Igualmente, la hepcidina (HAMP), hormona producida en los hepatocitos como respuesta al exceso de hierro y a estímulos inflamatorios, es considerada un enlace entre el metabolismo del mineral, la defensa del hospedero y los procesos inflamatorios, debido a su capacidad de privar del hierro a los microorganismos. Se sugiere que en un proceso infeccioso, la síntesis, secreción y regulación de GH ocurre a través de la producción de citoquinas como factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α) e interleuquina-1 beta (IL-1β), las cuales actúan en el hipotálamo, estimulando la liberación ya sea de la hormona liberadora de somatotropina o de somatostatina; por otro lado, se ha reportado que células linfoides, incluyendo linfocitos T y B y células dendríticas, producen GH, PRL biológicamente activa con propiedades inmunoreguladoras.

Monitoring the invasion process of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus and its interaction with the contender Aedes aegypti, is critical to prevent and control the arthropod-borne viruses (i.e., Arboviruses) they transmit to humans. Generally, the superior ecological competitor Ae. albopictus displaces Ae. aegypti from most geographic areas, with the combining factors of biology and environment influencing the competitive outcome. Nonetheless, detailed studies asserting displacement come largely from sub-tropical areas, with relatively less effort being made in tropical environments, including no comprehensive research about Aedes biological interactions in Mesoamerica. Here, we examine contemporary and historical mosquito surveillance data to assess the role of shifting abiotic conditions in shaping the spatiotemporal distribution of competing Aedes species in the Republic of Panama. In accordance with prior studies, we show that Ae. albopictus has displaced Ae. aegypti under suboptimal wet tropical climate conditions and more vegetated environments within the southwestern Azuero Peninsula. Conversely, in the eastern Azuero Peninsula, Ae. aegypti persists with Ae. albopictus under optimal niche conditions in a dry and more seasonal tropical climate. While species displacement was stable over the course of two years, the presence of both species generally appears to fluctuate in tandem in areas of coexistence. Aedes albopictus was always more frequently found and abundant regardless of location and climatic season. The heterogenous environmental conditions of Panama shape the competitive outcome and micro-geographic distribution of Aedes mosquitoes, with potential consequences for the transmission dynamics of urban and sylvatic zoonotic diseases., Supplementary Information: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10530-021-02482-y)., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors received funding from The Edward M. and Jeanne C. Kashian Family Foundation Inc., and Nicholas Logothetis of Chartwell Consulting. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products associated with this research to declare., (© The Author(s) 2021.)

The swine pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 was investigated for its ability to adhere to swine, rat, and human buccal epithelial cells (BEC). The highest number of bacteria adhered was to swine BEC. This binding ability was affected by heating, extreme pH, treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate, ethylenediamine tetra-acetate, or periodate, and proteolysis, suggesting that cell-surface glycoproteins participate in adherence and that adherence is based mostly on ionic interactions. Mannose and swine fibronectin may play a direct role in this interaction. Convalescent-phase serum from naturally infected pigs inhibited the adhesion. There was a correlation between bacterial pathogenicity as well as host specificity and the capacity for adherence to swine BEC. Adhesion to swine BEC provides a convenient method to study in vitro the adherence of A. pleuropneumoniae and other pathogens of the pig respiratory tract.

A standard breakfast was evaluated as a screening test (BT) for gestational diabetes in a case-control study. The breakfast had a high carbohydrate content and was designed based on women's preferences in a similar sample. Women were selected with a standard 50 g, 1 hour glucose screening test (GT). Fifteen women had a positive GT and 15 had a negative test. A glucose tolerance test (GTT) and a standard breakfast (719 kcal) were performed to all women. Age, weight, height, tricipital and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were obtained by previously standardized personnel and glucose levels were determined by an automatic technique (oxidase glucose). Ten women had gestational diabetes. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the GT and several values of the BT, in order to identify the threshold and optimum time. Concordance of both screening tests with GTT was calculated through Kappa test. For the BT, a sensitivity of 0.90 and specificity of 1.00 with a glucose level > or = 140 mg/L (7.2 mmol/L) at 60 and 90 minutes were found. The 60 minutes timing were preferred due to a shorter waiting time to performed the test. Concordance of GTT with GT and BT was 0.53 and 0.92 respectively, both statistically significant. GT had high frequency of false negative values (6/15) that explain the low kappa value. Standard breakfast can be used as an alternative method for assessing carbohydrate tolerance in pregnancy with a better physiological response in these women.

In clinical practice the presence of a positive family history of diabetes mellitus is one of the criteria to perform a glucose screening test. However it has been shown not to be always reliable. The aim of this study is to verify the concordance between the data referred by a group of daughters about the existence of diabetes mellitus in both parents, the data given by their parents, and a corroboration by blood glucose testing of the parents. A total of 82 triads (father, mother and daughter) were studied. The daughters were healthy and belonged to a cohort of perinatal studies of the Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia in Mexico City; they were not pregnant and had both patients alive, who agreed to participate in the study. Each daughter was asked about her parents history of diabetes having three options as an answer: yes, no, do not know. The same information about themselves was asked to the parents separately, not giving a chance to the members of the triad to communicate among themselves. The necessary glucose tests were performed to integrate a diagnosis by accepted international criteria. A chi-square test was used to compare the data referred by parents and daughters; agreement percentage (kappa values) were calculated. A prespecified order test was performed to the answers given and evaluated by occurrence rates (Bartholomew's test). In the latter analysis there were significant differences (p < 0.001) between the answer given by the parents, daughter and the confirmed blood glucose values. No differences were found between what the parents said, nor in what they said and what the daughters answered.