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Metal sulfide nanoparticles are synthesized for their biomedical applications, including cancer drug targeting. This paper reports a novel nanocomposite made of praseodymium sulfide nanoparticles and poly-cyclodextrin. The praseodymium sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized hydrothermal, autoclaving the nitrate precursors at 150 °C for 18 hours. The material is characterized using XRD and shows an orthorhombic crystal system with high crystallinity. The size and morphology of the nanomaterial were optimized. The material shows a rod-shaped morphology, as seen in the TEM image, with 150 ± 3 nm length and 25 ± 5 nm width. Particle size analysis supports this size range. The colloidal particles were stable in the aqueous medium without precipitation at neutral pH. The elements in the material in the polymer-coated form and their electronic states are studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thermogravimetry confirms that the material contains about 18.5% of the weight of the polymer. The material has an observable magnetic property at room temperature due to the praseodymium element. The UV-vis-NIR absorption spectrum of the material shows a long absorption range that extends to 1200 nm. The drug 5-fluorouracil is encapsulated in the nanoparticles through host: guest association, and its release profile is analyzed. The release is modulated at a slightly acidic pH, indicating the pH-tunability. The nanoparticles and 5-fluorouracil were taken in the w/w ratio of 2:1 (2/1 mg in 1 mL of deionized water). Further, the in vitro anticancer activity of the drug-encapsulated material is screened on breast cancer and non-cancerous cell lines. The IC 50 values are reported, and the advantageous properties of the material as drug carriers are discussed., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Among various materials designed for anticancer drug transport, sulfide nanoparticles are uniquely intriguing owing to their spectral characteristics. Exploration of newer nanoscale copper sulfide particles with dysprosium doping is reported herein. It leads to a change in the physicochemical properties of the sulfide nanoparticles and hence the difference in drug release and cytotoxicity., Objective: We intend to purport the suitably engineered cobalt sulfide and dysprosium-doped cobalt sulfide nanoparticles that are magnetic and NIR-absorbing, as drug delivery vehicles. The drug loading and release are based on the supramolecular drug complex formation on the surface of the nanoparticles., Method: The nanomaterials are synthesized employing hydrothermal procedures, coated with a biocompatible poly-β-cyclodextrin, and characterized using the methods of diffractometry, microscopy, spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and magnetometry. The sustained drug release is investigated in vitro . 5-Fluorouracil is loaded in the nanocarriers. The empty and 5-fluorouracil-loaded nanocarriers are screened for their anti-breast cancer activity in vitro on MCF-7 cells., Results: The size of the nanoparticles is below 10 nm. They show soft ferromagnetic characteristics. Further, they show broad NIR absorption bands extending up to 1200 nm, with the dysprosium-doped material displaying greater absorbance. The drug 5-fluorouracil is encapsulated in the nanocarriers and released sustainably, with the expulsion duration extending over 10 days. The IC 50 of the blank and the drug-loaded cobalt sulfide are 16.24 ± 3.6 and 12.2 ± 2.6 μg mL -1 , respectively. For the drug-loaded, dysprosium-doped nanocarrier, the IC 50 value is 9.7 ± 0.3 μg mL -1 ., Conclusion: The ultrasmall nanoparticles possess a size suitable for drug delivery and are dispersed well in the aqueous medium. The release of the loaded 5-fluorouracil is slow and sustained. The anticancer activity of the drug-loaded nanocarrier shows an increase in efficacy, and the cytotoxicity is appreciable due to the controlled release. The nanocarriers show multi-functional characteristics, i.e. , magnetic and NIR-absorbing, and are promising drug delivery agents., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Newer materials for utilization in multi-directional therapeutic actions are investigated, considering delicate design principles involving size and shape control, surface modification, and controllable drug loading and release. Multi-faceted properties are imparted to the engineered nanoparticles, like magnetism, near-infrared absorption, photothermal efficiency, and suitable size and shape. This report presents nickel sulfide and dysprosium-doped nickel sulfide nanoparticles with poly-β-cyclodextrin polymer coating. The nanoparticles belong to the orthorhombic crystal systems, as indicated by X-ray diffraction studies. The size and shape of the nanoparticles are investigated using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and a particle-size analyzer. The particles show soft ferromagnetic characteristics with definite and moderate saturation magnetization values. The nickel sulfide nanoparticles' in vitro anticancer and antibacterial activities are investigated in free and 5-fluorouracil/penicillin benzathine-loaded forms. The 5-fluorouracil-encapsulation efficiency of the nanoparticles is around 87%, whereas it is above 92% in the case of penicillin benzathine. Both drugs are released slowly in a controlled fashion. The dysprosium-doped nickel sulfide nanoparticles show better anticancer activity, and the efficacy is more significant than the free drug. The nanoparticles are irradiated with a low-power 808 nm laser. The dysprosium-doped nickel sulfide nanoparticles attain a higher temperature on irradiation, i.e., above 59 °C. The photothermal conversion efficiency of this material is determined, and the significance of dysprosium doping is discussed. Contrarily, the undoped nickel sulfide nanoparticles show more significant antibacterial activity. This study presents a novel designed nanoparticle system and the exciting variation of properties on dysprosium doping in nickel sulfide nanoparticles., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

DNA forms non-canonical Guanine-rich-quadruplex structures that play crucial roles such as maintenance of the telomere, transcription, and replication. Selective binding of small molecular ligands to G-quadruplexes and stabilization of them gain importance in the control of cell proliferation and development of therapeutics. In this paper, we report the synthesis of a tryptophan-β-cyclodextrin complex and its platinum complex. The binding interaction of the synthesized Trp-β-CD-Pt compound with various DNAs, including a duplex DNA and three quadruplexes, are investigated. The binding of the compound to quadruplexes shows a general increase in the binding strength compared to the strength of binding with the duplex, CT-DNA. The compound reveals the strongest binding with kit22. An enhancement of fluorescence is generally observed when the ligand binds to all the DNAs, except myc22. The structure of the host: guest complex with Berberine, a model G-quadruplex binding ligand, is investigated using 2 D ROESY spectroscopy. The host: guest binding is strong and the DNA interaction does not extract much of the Berberine molecule from the complex. The differential bindings of the ligand in free- and Berberine-loaded forms with different G-quadruplexes are discussed in detail based on binding strengths and the modulation of fluorescence.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Clinical applicability of G-quadruplexes as anticancer drugs is an area of current interest. Identification of supramolecular systems for selective targeting G-quartets is particularly intriguing. In this work, the DNA binder Berberine is encapsulated inside the molecular cavity of the synthesised host structure, Fluoresecein-β-cyclodextrin conjugate. The host: guest complex is characterized and the mode of binding is optimized using two dimensional rotating-frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy. The conjugate is examined for its binding to quadruplex DNAs viz., kit22 , myc22, telo24 and the duplex calf-thymus DNA before and after Berberine encapsulation. UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopic methods were employed to determine the strength of binding of the complex with the DNAs. The binding strength and the stoichiometry of the host: guest complex are 1.9   ×   10 6   mol -1 dm 3 and 1:1, respectively. A quenching of fluorescence of the quadruplex kit22 and duplex ctDNA is observed on binding to the Fluorescein-β-cyclodextrin conjugate. The quadruplexes of myc22 and telo24 display an enhanced fluorescence on binding to the modified cyclodextrin. The Stern-Volmer quenching constants are 1.4   ×   10 6   mol -1 dm 3 and 3.8   ×   10 5   mol -1 dm 3 for binding to kit22 and ctDNA respectively. kit22 shows a different emission profile on interacting with the Berberine encapsulated conjugate, whereas all the other quadruplexes and duplex exhibit similar emission profiles. The results indicate a variation in the binding mode and strength of the ligand-quadruplexes and depend on the conformation of the quadruplexes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

The telomeric quadruplex structures formed by the guanine-rich sequences of DNA have emerged as targets for small molecules designed and synthesized to stabilize the G-quadruplexes. This report presents a newly synthesized tyrosine-tethered cyclodextrin derivative and its platinum complex. Their structures are characterized using IR, NMR, and mass spectral techniques. The binding interactions of the platinum complex with CT-DNA and the kit22, myc22, and telo24 G-quadruplexes are investigated employing absorption and fluorescence spectral titrations. The binding constant or K SV values of the interaction with the G-quadruplexes are more significant than those with the duplex DNA by order of 10. It presents the compound as a G-quadruplex-selective binder. Further, the well-known G-quadruplex binding molecule Berberine is encapsulated in the Tyr- β-CD through a host: guest association. The structure of the host: guest complex is investigated employing 2D ROESY spectroscopy. In addition, the study on the binding interaction of the complex to the DNA targets is also carried out. The mode and strength of interaction of the free and the Berberine-loaded Tyr-β-CD to the duplex and the quadruplexes are reported.

An anthraquinonesulfonyl derivative of β-cyclodextrin is prepared and characterized employing spectroscopic techniques. The binding interactions of the compound with ethidium bromide, berberine, calf-thymus DNA, quadruplex DNAs viz., kit22 , telo24 , and myc22 are investigated by ultraviolet-visible, and fluorescence spectroscopic methods. Anthraquinonesulfonyl-β-cyclodextrin conjugate acts as a host molecule and enhances ethidium bromide and berberine fluorescence due to their encapsulation in cyclodextrin's cavity. The binding constant values are 9.0 × 10 5  mol -1 dm 3 and 5.7 × 10 4  mol -1 dm 3 for the formation of host: guest complexes of the β-CD derivative with ethidium bromide and berberine respectively. The proximity of the protons of ethidium bromide and berberine protons with those of the internal cavity of β-CD in the anthraquinonesulfonyl-β-CD conjugate is confirmed by two-dimensional rotating-frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy. The conjugate displays a quenching of fluorescence selectively to the quadruplexes kit22 and telo24 that is contrast to the spectral behavior with duplex DNA. ctDNA and myc 22 exhibit different absorption and emission profiles with ethidium bromide on encapsulation by β-CD. The encapsulation of berberine leads to a fluorescence enhancement on binding to ctDNA, telo24 , and myc22 with binding constants of 5.6 × 10 5 , 3.3 × 10 5  mol -1 dm 3 , and 1.5 × 10 5  mol -1 dm 3 respectively. In contrast, kit22 leads to fluorescence quenching on berberine encapsulated-anthraquinonesulfonyl-β-cyclodextrin conjugate with a Stern-Volmer constant of 3.3 × 10 5  mol -1 dm 3 .Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

G-Quadruplex DNAs represent out-of-the-way nucleic acid conformations, frequently formed by guanine-rich sequences. They have emanated as cancer-associated targets for designed small molecules. The variation in the binding affinity of the synthesized compounds to duplex and quadruplex structures is an intriguing quest, solved by spectroscopic analysis. In this paper, we report the synthesis of a porphyrin-cyclodextrin conjugate, characterized by utilizing FT-IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Further, two benzimidazolylguanidines are synthesized which form host: guest complexes with the porphyrin-cyclodextrin conjugate. The structure of the complexes is optimized by analyzing their 2D ROESY spectra. The interactions of the host, guest, and the host: guest complexes with the duplex (calf thymus DNA) and quadruplex (kit22) nucleic acids are investigated employing UV-vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism, and DNA melting experiments. The calculated strengths of the compounds' binding with kit22 are in the order of 10 6 , which is larger than those observed for the duplex DNA binding. The significant G-quadruplex selectivity of the host: guest complex of anthracenyl-benzimidazolylguanidine is discussed in detail. Further, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds on MCF-7 cell lines is examined. The host: guest complexes show enhanced half-maximal inhibitory concentration values compared to the un-complexed compounds., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study aims at tuning the properties of the nanoparticles by incorporating neodymium, exploring the sustained release of drug, and the anticancer activity on breast cancer cells. The crystal characteristics of NdCuS 2 nanoparticles are analysed using X-ray diffraction. The morphology and size of the nanoparticles were characterised using Transmission Electron Microscope and particle size analyser. The rate of release of the encapsulated camptothecin and anticancer effects on breast cancer cells are investigated. The nanoparticles are rod-shaped, 132 ± 8 nm long and 27 ± 7 nm wide. The band gap of the nanoparticles is 4.85 eV. The drug encapsulation efficiency is 94.76% (w/w). The drug is released in a sustained manner, over a period of 180 h. The cytotoxicity of the camptothecin-loaded NPs is examined on MDA-MB-231 cells and the IC50 is 4.39 µg mL -1 . The NdCuS 2 nanoparticles are promising as theranostic agents considering their material characteristics and anticancer activity.

A liposome based nanosensor Lipo-1 for efficient detection of copper, cyanide (CN - ) and ATP in a pure aqueous medium has been described. Lipo-1 shows a fluorescence ON-OFF response with copper. However, Lipo-1.Cu (Lipo-1 and copper ensemble) was used for the OFF-ON detection of ATP with nM and CN - with μM detection levels, lower than the WHO permissible level for safe drinking. Lipo-1 has better and enhanced binding properties over the counter organic amphiphilic compound Bzimpy-LC, which is not soluble in water. The significant changes in the emission spectra in the presence of Cu 2+ , CN - and ATP ions, as variable inputs, are used to construct INHIBIT and OR logic operations in a nano-scale environment. The fluorescent detection of CN - ions with Lipo-1.Cu was used to develop an enzyme assay for β-glucosidase using amygdalin as the substrate. β-Glucosidase enzymatic activity was monitored by the emission OFF-ON signal of the probe Lipo-1.Cu by CN - detection. This approach could be an efficient method for developing a fluorescence-based β-glucosidase enzyme assay. A switch ON luminescence response, low detection limit, fast response, 100% aqueous solution, biocompatibility, multi-analyte detection, and improved sensitivity and selectivity of Bzimpy-LC in lipid bilayer membranes are the main features of the nanoprobe Lipo-1. These properties give it a clear advantage for analytical applications.

Objectives: The aim of the present study is to carry out a simple synthesis of aminoantipyrine analogues and exploration of their antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anticonvulsant potential., Methods: The compounds were characterized employing multi-spectroscopic methods. The in vitro pharmacological response of a series of bacteria was screened employing serial dilution method. The derivatives were screened against maximal electro-shock for their anticonvulsant activity. Molecular docking was carried out to optimize the interaction of the compounds with HPV16-E7 receptors. Further, the in vitro cytotoxicity was tested against human cervical cancer (SiHa) cell lines., Results: The compounds show protection against maximal electroshock, esp. 3-nirto- and 4- methyl-3-nitrobenzamido derivatives. In addition, they reveal appreciable DNA cleavage activities and interactions with HPV16-E7 protein receptors, esp. 3,5-dinitro- and 4-methyl-3-nitrobenzamido derivatives. Furthermore, they show potent activity against cervical cancer cells (LD50 value up to 1200 in the case of 4-methyl-3-nitrobenzamido derivative and an inhibition of a maximum of ~97% of cells)., Conclusion: The simply synthesized aminoantipyrine derivatives show a variety of biological activities like antibacterial and anticancer effects. In addition, this is the first study demonstrating that 4-aminoantipyrine derivatives show an anticonvulsant activity., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Biocompatible polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles are designed with an objective to sharp-shoot cancer by loading anticancer drugs on them and delivering to the target site. In this work, novel biocompatible polymers of poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolide), functionalized with β-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin-folate conjugate are synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Magnetic ytterbium ferrite nanoparticles are prepared, and the synthesized polymers are coated on them. The polymer-coated nanoparticles are intended to be employed as magnetic nanocarriers that transport the anticancer drug, camptothecin. The ferrite nanoparticles are superparamagnetic in nature. Camptothecin was loaded in the nanocarriers and the adsorption percentage was near or above 90%. Study of the in vitro release of camptothecin from the nanocarrier reveals its sustained nature, i.e. a cumulative release of about 50% at 72 h and a pH of 7.4. A pH-dependent enhanced release of 60% is observed, i.e. at a more acidic pH of 6.8. In vitro anti-cancer studies on breast cancer cell lines (MCF7) were carried out. The cell inhibition is enhanced in the case of camptothecin-loaded nanocarrier. The enhanced efficacy of the camptothecin, its sustained release, and the size of the nanocarrier in the range that is considered suitable for magnetic field-assisted drug delivery reveal the magnetic nanocarrier promising for transport of the drug., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

G-quadruplex DNA in recognized as a potential target for anti-cancer drugs. In this work, an anthraquinonecarboxamido derivative of β-cyclodextrin (AQCC) is synthesized as a novel DNA binder that further can deliver an additional molecule at the target, carrying it in the cavity of modified cyclodextrin. The binding of AQCC with ethidium bromide (EtBr), berberine (Ber), duplex calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA), quadruplexes (G4) viz., kit22 , myc22 , and telo24 are studied. The compound acts as a host molecule for the encapsulation of DNA binders viz., EtBr, Ber and enhances their fluorescence due to the encapsulation in its AQCC's cyclodextrin cavity. The binding constant of the host: guest complex of EtBr and Ber with AQCC's cavity are 6.4 × 10 5 and 3.3 × 10 6  mol -1  dm 3 , respectively. The proximity of the protons of the guest and host molecules is confirmed by two-dimensional rotating-frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy (2D ROESY). The conjugate displays a quenching of fluorescence selectively on the association with CT-DNA and quadruplex kit22 that is contrast to the spectral behavior with quadruplex myc22 and telo24 . CT-DNA exhibits dissimilar fluorescence spectra in free- and EtBr-bound forms. In addition, kit22 exhibit dissimilar emission profile when AQCC encapsulates Ber. Therefore, the Ber-loaded complexes and the AQCC molecule bind to different G-quadruplexes with different binding strengths. In addition, the effect of Ber in binding to the target DNAs is pronounces since the Ber molecule has more affinity to bind to quadruplexes than the duplex.

This is the first study to report the green synthesis of Lobelia trigona Roxb- mediated silver nanoparticles (LTAgNPs). The optical and structural properties of the synthesised LTAgNPs were analysed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering and energy dispersive X-ray. LTAgNps were evaluated for their anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties against 18 pathogens and exhibited significant inhibition against all the strains tested. LTAgNPs had potential scavenging effects on the DPPH, • OH, O 2 •- free radical scavenging assays and reducing power assay. LTAgNps possess strong anti-cancer activity against five human cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HeLa and KB) in a dose-dependent manner. The antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory and genotoxicity effects of LTAgNPs were further confirmed by the lactate dehydrogenase release assay, nitric oxide inhibitory assay and comet assay. Furthermore, the incision, excision and burn wound-healing activity of formulated LTAgNPs ointment was assessed in rats. All the wounds had significant healing in groups treated with LTAgNPs ointment compared to the groups treated with the commonly prescribed ointment (Silverex TM ). This study shows and suggests that the previously unreported LTAgNPs could be used as a nanomedicine with significant biological applications.

Investigation on strength of the tris(2-amino ethyl) amine and tris (3-amino propyl) amine backboned tripodal receptors, L and L 1 (incorporated with tripodal C 3 ν frame, thio urea-amide linkage and π-hole assisting functionality) which are premeditated to explore the prospect for a particular anion recognition are studied. UV-Vis, 1 H- NMR, and IR spectroscopy studies indicates that both the receptors sensing azide anion, colorimetrically and binds azide anion stronger than any other anions such as acetate, and cyanide. In particular the receptor L 1 shows the highest binding strength towards azide anion. To the best of our knowledge this is the first receptor showing highest binding ability with azide anion. We used Molecular Electrostatic Potential Surface analyses to support our spectroscopic findings. The association constant and limits of detection for receptor L 1 with azide is found to be 8.4X10 5 M -1 and 3.16X10 -6 M respectively. The observed highest binding strength of L 1 with azide is, could be due to the cooperative effect of extended traditional hydrogen bonding via thiourea-amide functionality, anion-π interaction and C 3 ν suitable framework.

G-quadruplex-binders have the plausible potential to act as anticancer agents. Herein, the mode of binding of a synthesized fluorenyl derivative of β-cyclodextrin with a duplex and G-quadrulex DNAs has been investigated. Moreover, the loading of the well-known G-quadruplex binder, berberine, in the β-cyclodextrin derivative using 2-dimensional rotating-frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy is studied. The intensity of proton NMR signals is weakened on the β-cyclodextrin derivative's interaction with the quadruplexes. Binding constants are reported for each binding of the ligands to calf thymus DNA, kit22 , telo24 , and myc22 employing fluorescence spectroscopy. A general trend of fluorescence response (quenching) on the β-cyclodextrin derivative to the DNAs is modified when the berberine molecule is loaded in the host structure. Despite berberine binds to the macromolecular target strongly, its host-guest association with the cavity of β-cyclodextrin diminishes the binding strength. A significant difference between the binding strengths of the ligands with duplex and quadruplex structures is observed. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

In this report, we have successfully tuned the selectivity and sensitivity of an anion receptor L 1 by substituting electron withdrawing natured fluorine atoms directly on to the rim of the phenyl ring. Despite the fact that, we have two electron withdrawing natured nitro substituents on the other side of receptor L 1 ; two fluorine substitutions made dramatic change in the sensing ability as well as the selectivity of the receptor L 1 towards anions. The acetonitrile solution contains L 1 with tetrabutyl ammonium salts of fluoride, cyanide, acetate and dihydrogen phosphate results sudden color changes from yellow to brown; almost negligible spectral/color change for azide and bifluoride, where as there is no color change observed with any other anionic guests with L 1 . Solution state binding studies of L 1 are carried out by UV-Vis spectrometry titration in 100% acetonitrile and it is found to be the receptor L 1 selectively binds cyanide, phosphate and fluoride stronger than acetate; it is also found that receptor binds fluoride 100 times stronger than that of the receptor L and L 1 has almost similar efficiency in binding towards acetate ion (AcO - ). The strength of the receptor L 1 towards fluoride, cyanide, acetate and dihydrogen phosphate bindings are found to be in the order of 1.271 × 10 5  M -1  > 1.245 × 10 5  M -1  > 1.368 × 10 3  M -1 , 1.23 × 10 3  M -1 respectively. When we used aqueous environment (10% of water in acetonitrile) as testing solvent system, the receptor L 1 selectively sense cyanide ion. Over all, strength of the receptor is increased towards anions with an increasing the number of fluorine atom onto the receptors. Here in we have also prepared a reference compound L 2 in which the receptor molecule is substituted with only one fluoride atom. The acetonitrile solution of reference receptor L 2 with help of naked-eye colorimetric experiment and spectrometric ammonium salts of fluoride, cyanide, acetate and bifluoride results sudden color changes from faint-yellow to brown in color. Unlike receptor L 1 , receptor L 2 does not recognize H 2 PO 4 - , but instead of H 2 PO 4 - , it recognizes bifluoride as evidenced from UV-Vis spectroscopic and naked-eye colorimetric studies., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

New chiral porphyrin imine was synthesized from (S)-3-benzyl-2-methyl-4-phenylbutanal according to dipyrromethane method using trifluoroacetic acid, BF 3 etherate, and p-chloranil. Manganese complex of this chiral porphyrin imine ligand was used as catalyst in the asymmetric epoxidation of styrene derivatives possessing different substituents. Styrene derivatives possessing electron withdrawing groups gave the corresponding chiral epoxides in high yield up to 98% and ee up to 99%. The mechanism for the catalytic asymmetric epoxidation was also discussed based on transfer of oxygen., (© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

The capacity to control quadruplex formation, especially in cancer cells, is captivating and entails a reasonable comprehension of the ligand-G-quadruplex binding. Herein, we report an iminopyrenyl-β-cyclodextrin conjugate interacting with duplex and G-quadrulex DNAs. In addition, the host: guest association of the established G-quadruplex binder, berberine, with the β-cyclodextrin derivative is studied employing 2-D ROESY. NMR, UV-visible, and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques are utilized to explore the β-cyclodextrin conjugate's interaction with the quadruplexes. The Binding constants are accounted for the association of the ligands to each of the DNAs viz., calf thymus DNA (duplex), kit22 , telo24 , and myc22 (quadruplexes). The modulation of the iminopyrenyl-β-cyclodextrin binding to the DNAs are observed when berberine is loaded in the host molecule. A vivid distinction between the interactions of the ligands with duplex and quadruplex structures is inferred. Berberine-loaded iminopyrenyl-β-cyclodextrin shows a higher affinity for binding to kit22 .

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have the potency to deliver cancer drugs assisted by the application of a magnetic field. In this paper, we present the design of magnesium ferrite nanoparticles of size suitable for drug delivery. A coating polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol), tethered with a tapered cone-shaped cyclic oligosachcharide, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is synthesized and used to wrap and disperse the MNPs. The magnetic properties are explored using vibrating sample magnetometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The ∑130 nm MNPs, shrouded with the PVA-CD conjugate allows a high amount of the cancer drug, camptothecin, to be loaded on the nanocarrier. Cytotoxicity studies reveal that the loaded drug retains its potency against HEK 293 cells and the cells are sensitive to the treatment by the drug-loaded nanocarrier., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Here, naphthalene diamine-based β-diketone derivative (compound LH) was successfully used as a dual signaling probe for divalent cations, Fe 2+ and Cu 2+ ions, in bimodal methods (colorimetric and fluorometric). It showed fluorescent enhancement for Fe 2+ ion by photoinduced electron transfer mechanism and fluorescence quenching for Cu 2+ ion by charge-transfer process. Binding stoichiometry for [LH-(Fe 2+ ) 2 ] and [LH-(Cu 2+ ) 2 ] was found to be 1:2 by Job's plot method and, the binding constants were calculated as 1.6638 × 10 10 and 9.22929 × 10 8 M -1 , respectively. Compound LH exhibited OR and XOR logic gate behavior with H + , Fe 2+ , and Cu 2+ as inputs. Further, the compound LH and bovine serum albumin binding interaction showed quenching of fluorescence by Förster resonance energy-transfer mechanism., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Flavones are biologically active compounds obtained mainly from plant sources. Pharmaceutically important compounds can be delivered to the physiological target by loading them in carriers like cyclodextrins and magnetic nanoparticles. Herein, the binding of 6-methoxyflavone to β-cyclodextrin and DNA is studied using UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The loading of 6-methoxyflavone onto a magnetic nanoparticles is employed. β-cyclodextrin encapsulates the 6-methoxyflavone to form an inclusion complex. β-cyclodextrin also used to draw forth 6-methoxyflavone loaded onto a magnetic nanoparticles. The morphology, magnetic property and the crystallite size of the nanoparticles are studied using scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and X-ray diffraction techniques, respectively. The binding of the drug-loaded magnetic nanoparticles to DNA shows that the compound is accessible to DNA and available mostly on the surface of the nanoparticles despite a modified dextan polymer supposedly encapsulates the flavone.

We report, in this article, a piperidin-4-one derivative carrying pyrenyl fluorescent reporter groups which acts as a Cd 2+ ion sensor. The compound is synthesized and characterized using IR and NMR spectral techniques. The compound forms an inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin. It selectively binds to Cd 2+ ions in water and aqueous β-cyclodextrin media. The stoichiometry of the host-guest complex of the compound with β-cyclodextrin is 1:2. The ligand-metal ion binding stoichiometry is 1:1 both in water and in β-cyclodextrin. The linear concentration range of detection of the metal ion is reported. Cyclodextrin complex formation does not affect the metal ion selectivity of the compound., (Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Magnetic ferrite nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with biocompatible polymers capable of drug loading and release are fascinating nanostructures for delivering anti-cancer drugs. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel β-cyclodextrin-folate-tethered dextran polymer. Nickel-zinc ferrite nanoparticles are prepared and coated with the polymer to form a biocompatible hybrid magnetic nanocarrier. To establish the significance of folate unit of the polymer in anticancer activity, a similar derivatized polymer, i.e. β-cyclodextrin-dextran conjugate without folate tether is used for comparison. The size of the hybrid MNPs is ∼20 nm, which is a size suitable for cancer drug targeting. The polymer-coated magnetic nanocarriers are soft ferromagnets as suggested by their narrow magnetic hysteresis loops. The anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) is loaded on the magnetic nanocarriers. The drug loading efficiency is observed to be above 92%. The nanocarriers show sustained in vitro drug release for above 45 h. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies reveal that the loaded CPT retains its potency in the nanocarrier and the folate-tethered nanocarrier shows better anticancer activity than the one which does not carry a folate unit. The magnetic nanocarrier is suitable for magnetic field-guided drug transport, enhanced drug loading and release and folate receptor-mediated endocytotic uptake of drugs by cancer cells.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are intriguing due to their potency to deliver anti-cancer drugs. This paper presents the inference from our experimental attempts to add merit to the concept of magnetic drug carrier, by designing calcium ferrite nanoparticles and coating them with a biocompatible dextran tethered with a hydrophobic cavity-containing molecule, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The size, crystal system, and the morphology of the MNPs are studied. The magnetic properties are explored using vibrating sample magnetometry, SQUID and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The roughly 75nm MNPs, encapsulated with the β-CD-dextran conjugate allows a slow and sustained in vitro release of the loaded anti-cancer drug, Camptothecin, from the polymer shell. The study of cytotoxicity reveals that the loaded Camptothecin retains its potency as efficient as an effective carrier of the anti-cancer drug. Further, the toxicity of the nanomaterial is tested on an organism which is highly sensitive to toxicity i.e., brine shrimp (Artemia salina). The polymer coating brings down the toxicity of the MNPs., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Ion-induced change in fluorescence is a straight-forward method for detection of toxic metal ions showing immediate response. Cadmium ions are toxic to the environment. We report in this paper a piperidine-4-one-based fluorescent chemosensor of Cd 2+ ions, designed and synthesized by a simple method. The compound is characterized using infra-red (IR) and 1 H-NMR spectral techniques. The chemosensor showed Cd 2+ ion selectivity and sensitivity in aqueous solution. The stoichiometry and the binding constants were determined using fluorescence spectroscopy. Piperidine-4-one shows a 1:1 stoichiometric binding to Cd 2+ . The limit of detection of Cd 2+ was reported., (Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Magnetic nanoparticles can transport drug and possibly target cancer. DNA-binding of ligands loaded in dextran coated magnetic nanoparticles, could aid their better target-specific binding. In this work, we report the loading of chromenones onto aminoethylamino-modified dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticles, their loading efficiency, and openness for binding to DNA. The magnetic behavior, the size, and the morphology of the nanoparticles are analyzed. The crystallite size of the magnetic nanoparticles is around 40 nm. The chromenones are present on the surface of the dextran shell, as revealed by their cyclodextrin-binding characteristics, which is a new approach in comprehending the accessibility of the surface-bound molecules by macromolecules. The mode of binding of the chromenones to DNA is not altered on surface loading on dextran shell, although the binding strength is generally diminished, compared to the strength of binding of the free chromenones to DNA., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)