Search

Your search keyword '"Enkhbayar Mijiddorj"' showing total 12 results
Start Over Author "Enkhbayar Mijiddorj"
12 results on '"Enkhbayar Mijiddorj"'

1. Cranial shape diversification in horses: variation and covariation patterns under the impact of artificial selection

Author

Pauline Hanot, Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan, Claude Guintard, Ashleigh Haruda, Enkhbayar Mijiddorj, Renate Schafberg, and William Taylor

Subjects
Artificial selection, Geometric morphometrics, Horse, Morphological integration, Skull, Ecology, QH540-549.5, Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract

Abstract The potential of artificial selection to dramatically impact phenotypic diversity is well known. Large-scale morphological changes in domestic species, emerging over short timescales, offer an accelerated perspective on evolutionary processes. The domestic horse (Equus caballus) provides a striking example of rapid evolution, with major changes in morphology and size likely stemming from artificial selection. However, the microevolutionary mechanisms allowing to generate this variation in a short time interval remain little known. Here, we use 3D geometric morphometrics to quantify skull morphological diversity in the horse, and investigate modularity and integration patterns to understand how morphological associations contribute to cranial evolvability in this taxon. We find that changes in the magnitude of cranial integration contribute to the diversification of the skull morphology in horse breeds. Our results demonstrate that a conserved pattern of modularity does not constrain large-scale morphological variations in horses and that artificial selection has impacted mechanisms underlying phenotypic diversity to facilitate rapid shape changes. More broadly, this study demonstrates that studying microevolutionary processes in domestic species produces important insights into extant phenotypic diversity.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Understanding early horse transport in eastern Eurasia through analysis of equine dentition

Author

Barbara Morrison, Xiaolin Ma, Juan Wang, Yue Li, Emily Lena Jones, William Timothy Treal Taylor, Igor Chechushkov, Enkhbayar Mijiddorj, Tserendorj Odbaatar, Helena Miton, Wenquan Fan, Chinbold Bayandelger, Jinping Cao, Yanfeng Hou, Chengrui Zhang, Bryan K. Miller, Robert Cook, and Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan

Subjects
Archeology, Geography, Dentition, General Arts and Humanities, Horse, Zoology
Abstract

Across Eurasia, horse transport transformed ancient societies. Although evidence for chariotry is well dated, the origins of horse riding are less clear. Techniques to distinguish chariotry from riding in archaeological samples rely on elements not typically recovered from many steppe contexts. Here, the authors examine horse remains of Mongolia's Deer Stone-Khirigsuur (DSK) Complex, comparing them with ancient and modern East Asian horses used for both types of transport. DSK horses demonstrate unique dentition damage that could result from steppe chariotry, but may also indicate riding with a shallow rein angle at a fast gait. A key role for chariots in Late Bronze Age Mongolia helps explain the trajectory of horse use in early East Asia.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Cranial shape diversification in horses: variation and covariation patterns under the impact of artificial selection

Author

Renate Schafberg, Claude Guintard, Pauline Hanot, Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan, William B. Taylor, Ashleigh Haruda, and Enkhbayar Mijiddorj

Subjects
Morphometrics, Geometric morphometrics, biology, Ecology, Evolution, Modularity (biology), Research, Artificial selection, Skull, Morphology (biology), General Medicine, Diversification (marketing strategy), biology.organism_classification, Horse, Equus, Biological Evolution, Evolvability, Taxon, Evolutionary biology, QH359-425, Animals, Horses, Morphological integration, Selection (genetic algorithm), QH540-549.5
Abstract

The potential of artificial selection to dramatically impact phenotypic diversity is well known. Large-scale morphological changes in domestic species, emerging over short timescales, offer an accelerated perspective on evolutionary processes. The domestic horse (Equus caballus) provides a striking example of rapid evolution, with major changes in morphology and size likely stemming from artificial selection. However, the microevolutionary mechanisms allowing to generate this variation in a short time interval remain little known. Here, we use 3D geometric morphometrics to quantify skull morphological diversity in the horse, and investigate modularity and integration patterns to understand how morphological associations contribute to cranial evolvability in this taxon. We find that changes in the magnitude of cranial integration contribute to the diversification of the skull morphology in horse breeds. Our results demonstrate that a conserved pattern of modularity does not constrain large-scale morphological variations in horses and that artificial selection has impacted mechanisms underlying phenotypic diversity to facilitate rapid shape changes. More broadly, this study demonstrates that studying microevolutionary processes in domestic species produces important insights into extant phenotypic diversity. Introduction Material and methods - Material - Acquisition of data - Shape analyses - Integration and modularity -- Modular patterning -- Covariation patterns -- Magnitude of morphological integration Results - Size and shape variation - Allometry‑free shape variation - Allometry‑free shape variation of the modules - Modularity and integration Discussion - Cranial shape variation in the horse: the role of allometry and artificial selection in the morphological diversification - Cranial modularity and shape diversification -- Stasis in patterns, changes in magnitude -- Influence of morphological integration on shape variance - The role of function and development in integration patterns -- Anterior region -- Posterior region Conclusion

Published
2021

6. Cover Image

Author

Ligang Zhou, Enkhbayar Mijiddorj, Diimaajav Erdenebaatar, Wanli Lan, Bin Liu, Tumur‐Ochir Iderkhangai, Sodnom Ulziibayar, and Baatar Galbadrakh

Subjects
Archeology, Anthropology
Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Genomic insights into the formation of human populations in East Asia

Author

Wangwei Cai, Rukesh Shrestha, Masato Nishino, Longli Kang, Olivia Cheronet, Hui Li, Dashtseveg Tumen, Hui-Yuan Yeh, Jianxin Guo, Diimaajav Erdenebaatar, Swapan Mallick, Fatma Zalzala, Ching Jung Huang, Yuri G. Nikitin, Yi Chang Liu, Martine Robbeets, Alexey A. Tishkin, Zhou Yong Sun, Andrei V. Tabarev, Erdene Myagmar, Kimberly Callan, Liang Chen, Hua Du, Kadir T. Özdoğan, Li Jin, Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Shi Yan, Enkhbayar Mijiddorj, Hana Looh, Dawei Li, Alexander N. Popov, Tie-Lin Yang, Xiao Ming Wu, Shao-Qing Wen, Ron Pinhasi, Nicole Adamski, Alexey A. Kovalev, Guangmao Xie, Song Lin, Rebecca Bernardos, Megan Michel, Chung Ching Shiung, Xiaomin Yang, Hong-Bing Yao, Guanglin He, Jing Zhao, Kirsten Mandl, Lan-Hai Wei, Chuan-Chao Wang, Tumur Ochir Iderkhangai, Manfei Zhang, Rong Lin, Olga A. Shubina, David Reich, Ling Xiang Wang, Brendan J. Culleton, Laurie Eccles, Kendra Sirak, Dongna Li, Zhao Zhang, Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan, Richard Chuang, Jiun Yu Liu, Matthew Mah, Rong Hu, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson, Kristin Stewardson, Nini, Hirofumi Matsumura, Stephan Schiffels, Nadin Rohland, Xi Hu, Johannes Krause, Denise Keating, Francesca Candilio, Ken ichi Shinoda, Ke Wang, Qiongying Deng, Suzanne Freilich, Ann Marie Lawson, Hu Qin Zhang, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Alexander M. Kim, and Douglas J. Kennett

Subjects
Male, China, Pleistocene, Steppe, Human Migration, Population, Taiwan, Drainage basin, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Japan, Nepal, Humans, East Asia, education, History, Ancient, Holocene, Language, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, geography, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Genome, Human, Oryza, Genomics, Mongolia, Crop Production, Siberia, Ancient DNA, Haplotypes, Ethnology, Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The deep population history of East Asia remains poorly understood owing to a lack of ancient DNA data and sparse sampling of present-day people1,2. Here we report genome-wide data from 166 East Asian individuals dating to between 6000 bc and ad 1000 and 46 present-day groups. Hunter-gatherers from Japan, the Amur River Basin, and people of Neolithic and Iron Age Taiwan and the Tibetan Plateau are linked by a deeply splitting lineage that probably reflects a coastal migration during the Late Pleistocene epoch. We also follow expansions during the subsequent Holocene epoch from four regions. First, hunter-gatherers from Mongolia and the Amur River Basin have ancestry shared by individuals who speak Mongolic and Tungusic languages, but do not carry ancestry characteristic of farmers from the West Liao River region (around 3000 bc), which contradicts theories that the expansion of these farmers spread the Mongolic and Tungusic proto-languages. Second, farmers from the Yellow River Basin (around 3000 bc) probably spread Sino-Tibetan languages, as their ancestry dispersed both to Tibet—where it forms approximately 84% of the gene pool in some groups—and to the Central Plain, where it has contributed around 59–84% to modern Han Chinese groups. Third, people from Taiwan from around 1300 bc to ad 800 derived approximately 75% of their ancestry from a lineage that is widespread in modern individuals who speak Austronesian, Tai–Kadai and Austroasiatic languages, and that we hypothesize derives from farmers of the Yangtze River Valley. Ancient people from Taiwan also derived about 25% of their ancestry from a northern lineage that is related to, but different from, farmers of the Yellow River Basin, which suggests an additional north-to-south expansion. Fourth, ancestry from Yamnaya Steppe pastoralists arrived in western Mongolia after around 3000 bc but was displaced by previously established lineages even while it persisted in western China, as would be expected if this ancestry was associated with the spread of proto-Tocharian Indo-European languages. Two later gene flows affected western Mongolia: migrants after around 2000 bc with Yamnaya and European farmer ancestry, and episodic influences of later groups with ancestry from Turan. Genome-wide data from 166 East Asian individuals dating to between 6000 bc and ad 1000 and from 46 present-day groups provide insights into the histories of mixture and migration of human populations in East Asia.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

Author

Enkhbayar Mijiddorj, G. G. Boeskorov, Vladimir V. Pitulko, Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan, Jamiyan-Ombo Gantulga, Silvia Valenzuela Lamas, Sandrine Grouard, Morten E. Allentoft, Lubomír Peške, Henry Shephard, Marek Nowak, Viktória Kiss, Gottfried Brem, Kristian Kristiansen, Pam Crabtree, Krzysztof Tunia, Aude Perdereau, Jarosław Wilczyński, Svend Hansen, Diimaajav Erdenebaatar, Krisztina Somogyi, Tomasz Suchan, Rinat Zhumatayev, Valentin Dergachev, Elena Y. Pavlova, Aleksei Kasparov, Arturo Morales-Muñiz, Hossein Davoudi, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Valentin Dumitrașcu, Timo Seregély, Alan K. Outram, Natalia Berezina, Nikolay A. Bokovenko, Christoph Schwall, Tatiana Kuznetsova, Mariya A. Kusliy, Sergey K. Vasiliev, Michael Hofreiter, Bazartseren Boldgiv, Andrey Logvin, Robin Bendrey, Adrian Bălășescu, M. Marzullo, Kirill Yu. Kiryushin, Beth Shapiro, Laure Tonasso-Calvière, Mikhail A. Anisimov, John Southon, Saule Kalieva, Noémie Tomadini, Nadiia Kotova, Mietje Germonpré, Joris Peters, Benoît Clavel, Ahmed H. Alfarhan, Antoine Fages, Lembi Lōugas, Sandra Olsen, Eve Rannamäe, Daniel Gerber, Konstantin V. Chugunov, Naveed Khan, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Keiko Kitagawa, Anna Lasota-Kuś, William B. Taylor, Alexander S. Graphodatsky, Sébastien Lepetz, Cheryl A. Makarewicz, Tumur-Ochir Iderkhangai, Alexej Kalmykov, Sebastián Celestino, Ilya Merz, Norbert Benecke, Juan Luis Arsuaga, Carmen Olària, Mikhail V. Sablin, David W. Anthony, Silvia Albizuri Canadell, Victor Varfolomeyev, Zsolt Gallina, Natalia S. Berezina, Jaime Lira Garrido, David Lordkipanize, Alekandr A. Vybornov, Gabriella Kulcsár, Nadir Alvarez, Umberto Tecchiati, Myriam Boudadi-Maligne, Andrey Epimakhov, Valeriy Loman, Olivier Bignon-Lau, Sylwia Pospuła, Patrick Wincker, Marjan Mashkour, Turbat Tsagaan, Duha Alioglu, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Jean-Marc Aury, Clio Der Sarkissian, Giovanna Bagnasco Gianni, Ornella Prato, Pierre Bodu, Jean-Christophe Castel, Ekaterina Petrova, Charleen Gaunitz, Pavel A. Kosintsev, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Alexey A. Kovalev, Sabine Reinhold, Gennady F. Baryshnikov, Victor Logvin, Abdesh Toleubaev, Wolfgang Haak, Johannes Krause, Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo, Rune Iversen, Esther Rodríguez González, Stéphanie Schiavinato, I. V. Kukushkin, Pablo Librado, Alexander Bessudnov, Alexander J.E. Pryor, Ma Pilar Iborra, Jérome Magail, Monique Olive, Roxana Dobrescu, Mélanie Pruvost, Barbara Wallner, Alexander N. Bessudnov, Sergazy Sakenov, Viktor Zaibert, N. L. Morgunova, Lutz Klassen, Alexander E. Basilyan, Balázs Gusztáv Mende, N Seregin, Aleksandr I. Yudin, Erika Gál, Natalya A. Plasteeva, Arne Ludwig, Saleh A. Alquraishi, Guus Kroonen, Ariadna Nieto Espinet, Aurore Fromentier, René Kyselý, Ludovic Orlando, Elina Ananyevskaya, A. Belinskiy, Victor Merz, Ghenadie Sîrbu, Irina Shevnina, Pavel Kuznetsov, Urmas Saarma, Kubatbeek Tabaldiev, Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid, Marcel Keller, Alexey A. Tishkin, Pavel A. Nikolskiy, Emma Usmanova, Natalia Roslyakova, Lorelei Chauvey, Ethnologie préhistorique, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Settore L-ANT/01 - Preistoria e Protostoria, Cavalls--Ensinistrament, GRASSLAND, GENETICS, POPULATION, Steppe, 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology, Population genetics, HORSES, CENTRAL ASIA, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, horse geneomes, Domestication, 0302 clinical medicine, EQUIDAE, ADAPTATION, 610 Medicine & health, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Evolutionary genetics, geography.geographical_feature_category, equestrianism, Indo-Iranian languages, horse domestication, LOCOMOTION, Sintashta culture, Western Eurasian steppes, DOMESTIC HORSE, GENOME, Geography, Archaeology, DNA, ANCIENT, Cavalls--Història, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ethnology, Bronze Age, EUROPE, 780 Music, Article, Ancient, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, NONHUMAN, Horses, education, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Human evolutionary genetics, IBERIAN PENINSULA, ANIMALS, ANIMAL, DNA, Genetics, Population, DOMESTICATION, steppe pastoralists, 2nd millennium BC, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Settore BIO/05 - Zoologia, LANGUAGE, RUSSIAN FEDERATION, chariots, Faculty of Science, Neolithic, HORSE, Migration, Mobility, Multidisciplinary, Genome, ASIA, HORSEBACK RIDING, Grassland, Europe, STEPPE, Animals, Asia, DNA, Ancient, aDNA, spoke-wheeled chariots, GENETICS, PHYLOGENY, Population, Pastoralism, ARCHEOLOGY, Homeland, Indo-European, PASTORALISM, Yamnaya culture, Euràsia, ANCIENT DNA, VOLGA REGION, ARTICLE, 030304 developmental biology, 3rd millennium BC, Horseback riding, population genetics, ANATOLIA, EQUUS CABALLUS, TURKEY, ANIMAL WELFARE, Faculty of Humanities, ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
Abstract

Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc3. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia and Anatolia, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 bc, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 bc driving the spread of Indo-European languages. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium bc Sintashta culture., The work by G. Boeskorov is done on state assignment of DPMGI SB RAS. This project was supported by the University Paul Sabatier IDEX Chaire d’Excellence (OURASI); Villum Funden miGENEPI research programme; the CNRS ‘Programme de Recherche Conjoint’ (PRC); the CNRS International Research Project (IRP AMADEUS); the France Génomique Appel à Grand Projet (ANR-10-INBS-09-08, BUCEPHALE project); IB10131 and IB18060, both funded by Junta de Extremadura (Spain) and European Regional Development Fund; Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO:67985912); the Zoological Institute ZIN RAS (АААА-А19-119032590102-7); and King Saud University Researchers Supporting Project (NSRSP–2020/2). The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (19-59-15001 and 20-04-00213), the Russian Science Foundation (16-18-10265, 20-78-10151, and 21-18-00457), the Government of the Russian Federation (FENU-2020-0021), the Estonian Research Council (PRG29), the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (PRG1209), the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (Project NF 104792), the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Momentum Mobility Research Project of the Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities); and the Polish National Science Centre (2013/11/B/HS3/03822). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie (grant agreement 797449). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreements 681605, 716732 and 834616).

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. The Genomic Formation of Human Populations in East Asia

Author

Chuan-Chao Wang, Hui-Yuan Yeh, Alexander N Popov, Hu-Qin Zhang, Hirofumi Matsumura, Kendra Sirak, Olivia Cheronet, Alexey Kovalev, Nadin Rohland, Alexander M. Kim, Rebecca Bernardos, Dashtseveg Tumen, Jing Zhao, Yi-Chang Liu, Jiun-Yu Liu, Matthew Mah, Swapan Mallick, Ke Wang, Zhao Zhang, Nicole Adamski, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Kimberly Callan, Brendan J. Culleton, Laurie Eccles, Ann Marie Lawson, Megan Michel, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kristin Stewardson, Shaoqing Wen, Shi Yan, Fatma Zalzala, Richard Chuang, Ching-Jung Huang, Chung-Ching Shiung, Yuri G. Nikitin, Andrei V. Tabarev, Alexey A. Tishkin, Song Lin, Zhou-Yong Sun, Xiao-Ming Wu, Tie-Lin Yang, Xi Hu, Liang Chen, Hua Du, Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan, Enkhbayar Mijiddorj, Diimaajav Erdenebaatar, Tumur-Ochir Iderkhangai, Erdene Myagmar, Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Msato Nishino, Ken-ichi Shinoda, Olga A. Shubina, Jianxin Guo, Qiongying Deng, Longli Kang, Dawei Li, Dongna Li, Rong Lin, Wangwei Cai, Rukesh Shrestha, Ling-Xiang Wang, Lanhai Wei, Guangmao Xie, Hongbing Yao, Manfei Zhang, Guanglin He, Xiaomin Yang, Rong Hu, Martine Robbeets, Stephan Schiffels, Douglas J. Kennett, Li Jin, Hui Li, Johannes Krause, Ron Pinhasi, and David Reich

Subjects
0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

The deep population history of East Asia remains poorly understood due to a lack of ancient DNA data and sparse sampling of present-day people. We report genome-wide data from 191 individuals from Mongolia, northern China, Taiwan, the Amur River Basin and Japan dating to 6000 BCE – 1000 CE, many from contexts never previously analyzed with ancient DNA. We also report 383 present-day individuals from 46 groups mostly from the Tibetan Plateau and southern China. We document how 6000-3600 BCE people of Mongolia and the Amur River Basin were from populations that expanded over Northeast Asia, likely dispersing the ancestors of Mongolic and Tungusic languages. In a time transect of 89 Mongolians, we reveal how Yamnaya steppe pastoralist spread from the west by 3300-2900 BCE in association with the Afanasievo culture, although we also document a boy buried in an Afanasievo barrow with ancestry entirely from local Mongolian hunter-gatherers, representing a unique case of someone of entirely non-Yamnaya ancestry interred in this way. The second spread of Yamnaya-derived ancestry came via groups that harbored about a third of their ancestry from European farmers, which nearly completely displaced unmixed Yamnaya-related lineages in Mongolia in the second millennium BCE, but did not replace Afanasievo lineages in western China where Afanasievo ancestry persisted, plausibly acting as the source of the early-splitting Tocharian branch of Indo-European languages. Analyzing 20 Yellow River Basin farmers dating to ∼3000 BCE, we document a population that was a plausible vector for the spread of Sino-Tibetan languages both to the Tibetan Plateau and to the central plain where they mixed with southern agriculturalists to form the ancestors of Han Chinese. We show that the individuals in a time transect of 52 ancient Taiwan individuals spanning at least 1400 BCE to 600 CE were consistent with being nearly direct descendants of Yangtze Valley first farmers who likely spread Austronesian, Tai-Kadai and Austroasiatic languages across Southeast and South Asia and mixing with the people they encountered, contributing to a four-fold reduction of genetic differentiation during the emergence of complex societies. We finally report data from Jomon hunter-gatherers from Japan who harbored one of the earliest splitting branches of East Eurasian variation, and show an affinity among Jomon, Amur River Basin, ancient Taiwan, and Austronesian-speakers, as expected for ancestry if they all had contributions from a Late Pleistocene coastal route migration to East Asia.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Tracking Five Millennia of Horse Management with Extensive Ancient Genome Time Series

Author

Raquel Matoso Silva, Eric Barrey, Marjan Mashkour, Eske Willerslev, Carlos Fernández-Rodríguez, Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid, Maria do Mar Oom, Pavel Kuznetsov, Pavel A. Kosintsev, Eloísa Bernáldez-Sánchez, Sonia Shidrang, Michael Hofreiter, Konstantin Pitskhelauri, Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas, Sabine Felkel, Ali A. Vahdati, Cristina Luís, Emma Usmanova, Sainbileg Undrakhbold, Jón Hallsteinn Hallsson, Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan, Victor Zaibert, Irina Shevnina, Silvia Albizuri, Haeedeh Laleh, Anna Dohr, Ahmed H. Alfarhan, Sanne Boessenkool, Morten E. Allentoft, Homa Fathi, Cleia Detry, Petra Rajic Sikanjic, Oleg Monchalov, Heidi Nistelberger, Alireza Sardari, Jennifer A. Leonard, Jaco Weinstock, Christian McCrory Constantz, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Johanna Lhuillier, Wolf-Rüdiger Teegen, Naveed Khan, Sébastien Lepetz, Linas Daugnora, Bazartseren Boldgiv, Helmut Hemmer, Peter Barros de Damgaard, Lembi Lõugas, Victor Merz, Lukas F. K. Kuderna, Vedat Onar, Angela Schlumbaum, Barbara Wallner, Esteban García-Viñas, Enkhbayar Mijiddorj, Nadine Dill, Fereidoun Biglari, Eric Crubézy, Bastiaan Star, Albína Hulda Pálsdóttir, José D. Granado, Tabaldiev Kubatbek, John Southon, Alan K. Outram, Corina Liesau von Lettow-Vorbeck, Anita Rapan Papeša, Norbert Benecke, Amelie Scheu, Simon Trixl, Agnar Helgason, Dorcas Brown, Hossein Davoudi, Cristina Gamba, Jörg Schibler, Renate Schafberg, James H. Barrett, Dashzeveg Tumen, Ludovic Orlando, Nurbol Baimukhanov, Ana Margarida Arruda, William Timothy Treal Taylor, Fatemeh Azadeh Mohaseb, Mutalib Khasanov, Sabine Deschler-Erb, Kari Stefansson, Charleen Gaunitz, Mélanie Pruvost, Arturo Morales, Roya Khazaeli, Tomas Marques-Bonet, David W. Anthony, Aitor Serres-Armero, Benoît Clavel, Kamal Taheri, Kristian Hanghøj, Beth Shapiro, Arne Ludwig, Saleh A. Alquraishi, Andrey Logvin, Gottfried Brem, Kristian Kristiansen, Natalia Roslyakova, Shiva Sheikhi Seno, Naomi Sykes, María los Ángeles Chorro y de de de Villa-Ceballos, Joachim Burger, Eberhard Sauer, Catarina Viegas, Mietje Germonpré, Michela Leonardi, Antoine Fages, Nathalie Serrand, Diimaajav Erdenebaatar, Aleksei Kasparov, Tajana Trbojević Vukičević, Vladimir V. Pitulko, Bryan K. Miller, Pablo Librado, Sturla Ellingvåg, Ariadna Nieto-Espinet, Luis Berrocal-Rangel, Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Abdul Wali Khan University, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), King Saud University [Riyadh] (KSU), SERP, université de Barcelone, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, Anthropology Department - Hartwick College, Shejire DNA project, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), National Center of Mental Health of Mongolia, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], UNIARQ, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Universidad de León [León], Department of Palaeontology, Royal Belgian Institue of Natural Sciences, Department of Evolutianory Genetics, Max-Planck-Institut, Institut d'Archéologie de l'Académie des Sciences d'Ouzbékistan, Académie des Sciences, Institut de France-Institut de France, ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut-Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin (IZW), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), University of Basel (Unibas), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Center for Palaeolithic Research, National Museum of Iran, Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] (ESS), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, Institución Milá y Fontanals de investigación en Humanidades (IMF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), New University of Lisbon, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), deCODE Genetics, deCODE genetics [Reykjavik], Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie (EAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Academie des Sciences, Institución Milá i Fontanals (IMF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, and İÜC, Veteriner Fakültesi, Veteriner Hekimliği Temel Bilimler Bölümü

Subjects
Male, Range (biology), Biología, Breeding horses, Breeding, Genome, Domestication, 0302 clinical medicine, Paleobiología, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, horses, 0303 health sciences, Diversity, Ancient DNA, animal breeding, Biological Evolution, mules, humanities, Management, Europe, Domestication animal, Equestrian civilizations, Ethnology, Female, management, equestrian civilizations, Extinct lineages, Asia, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, selection, Multiple alleles, Caballos, Biology, Mules, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, domestication, Caballo de Przewalski, ddc:570, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Animals, Genetic variation, Horses, DNA, Ancient, Selection, ancient DNA, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, 030304 developmental biology, Animal breeding, Series (stratigraphy), Genetic diversity, Genetic Variation, Equidae, Genética, extinct lineages, Análisis, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Summary Horse domestication revolutionized warfare and accelerated travel, trade, and the geographic expansion of languages. Here, we present the largest DNA time series for a non-human organism to date, including genome-scale data from 149 ancient animals and 129 ancient genomes (≥1-fold coverage), 87 of which are new. This extensive dataset allows us to assess the modern legacy of past equestrian civilizations. We find that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, one at the far western (Iberia) and the other at the far eastern range (Siberia) of Eurasia. None of these contributed significantly to modern diversity. We show that the influence of Persian-related horse lineages increased following the Islamic conquests in Europe and Asia. Multiple alleles associated with elite-racing, including at the MSTN “speed gene,” only rose in popularity within the last millennium. Finally, the development of modern breeding impacted genetic diversity more dramatically than the previous millennia of human management., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • Two now-extinct horse lineages lived in Iberia and Siberia some 5,000 years ago • Iberian and Siberian horses contributed limited ancestry to modern domesticates • Oriental horses have had a strong genetic influence within the last millennium • Modern breeding practices were accompanied by a significant drop in genetic diversity, Genome-wide data from 278 ancient equids provide insights into how ancient equestrian civilizations managed, exchanged, and bred horses and indicate vast loss of genetic diversity as well as the existence of two extinct lineages of horses that failed to contribute to modern domestic animals.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. 137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes

Author

Karl-Göran Sjögren, Nina Lau, Nikolay N. Kradin, Igor Kukushkin, Arman Beisenov, Kadicha Tashbaeva, Andrey Logvin, Peter de Barros Damgaard, Irina Shevnina, Viktor K. Mertz, Ilya V. Mertz, Alexander Tkachev, Amy Goldberg, Zaruhi Khachatryan, Vyacheslav Moiyesev, Nina Marchi, Valeriy Evdokimov, Gabit Baimbetov, Valeriy Loman, Turaly Tulegenov, Evgeniy Dmitriev, Kasper Nielsen, Diimaajav Erdenebaatar, Lotte Hedeager, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Almaz Aldashev, Egor Kitov, Evelyne Heyer, Kristian Kristiansen, Victor Varfolomeev, Nurbol Baimukhanov, Enkhbayar Mijiddorj, Tereza Štolcová, Melissa A. Wilson Sayres, Sturla Ellingvåg, Dmitriy Voyakin, Gennady Afanasiev, Simon Rasmussen, Anders Gorm Pedersen, Ashyk Alpaslan, Mikkel Winther Pedersen, Ashot Margaryan, Sainbileg Undrakhbold, Z. Orozbekova, Bekmukhanbet Nurmukhanbetov, Tabaldiev Kubatbek, Eske Willerslev, Andrey Gromov, Ruslan Khaskhanov, Hakon Hakonarson, Alina Kolbina, Václav Smrčka, Rasmus Nielsen, Morten E. Allentoft, Gulmira Mukhtarova, Martin Sikora, Gabriel Renaud, J. Víctor Moreno-Mayar, Bazartseren Boldgiv, Angela M. Taravella, Tatyana Hegay, Choduraa Dorzhu, Emma Usmanova, Karol Pieta, Inga Merkyte, Alexey Kukushkin, Michaël Peyrot, Kunbolot Akmatov, Karin Margarita Frei, Vladimir I. Bazaliiskii, Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen, Alexander Goryachev, Ludovic Orlando, Andrzej W. Weber, Irina P. Panyushkina, Rana Dajani, Bazartseren Boldbaatar, Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie (EAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Ctr Biol Sequence Anal, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Irkutsk State University (ISU), The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Institute of Immunology, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Laboratory for Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Dept Integrat Biol, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Willerslev, Eske [0000-0002-7081-6748], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Asia, Steppe, Human Migration, Population, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Ancient history, Plague (disease), White People, 03 medical and health sciences, Asian People, Bronze Age, Humans, Middle Ages, East Asia, education, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, geography, education.field_of_study, Farmers, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Genome, Human, Human migration, business.industry, Grassland, Europe, 030104 developmental biology, Iron Age, business
Abstract

For thousands of years the Eurasian steppes have been a centre of human migrations and cultural change. Here we sequence the genomes of 137 ancient humans (about 1× average coverage), covering a period of 4,000 years, to understand the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age migrations. We find that the genetics of the Scythian groups that dominated the Eurasian steppes throughout the Iron Age were highly structured, with diverse origins comprising Late Bronze Age herders, European farmers and southern Siberian hunter-gatherers. Later, Scythians admixed with the eastern steppe nomads who formed the Xiongnu confederations, and moved westward in about the second or third century bc, forming the Hun traditions in the fourth–fifth century ad, and carrying with them plague that was basal to the Justinian plague. These nomads were further admixed with East Asian groups during several short-term khanates in the Medieval period. These historical events transformed the Eurasian steppes from being inhabited by Indo-European speakers of largely West Eurasian ancestry to the mostly Turkic-speaking groups of the present day, who are primarily of East Asian ancestry. Sequences of 137 ancient and 502 modern human genomes illuminate the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age and document the replacement of Indo-European speakers of West Eurasian ancestry by Turkic-speaking groups of East Asian ancestry.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Author Correction: 137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes

Author

Karin Margarita Frei, Vyacheslav Moiyesev, Vladimir I. Bazaliiskii, Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen, Ashyk Alpaslan, Alexander Goryachev, Ruslan Khaskhanov, Andrey Gromov, Nikolay N. Kradin, Amy Goldberg, Bazartseren Boldgiv, Melissa A. Wilson Sayres, Emma Usmanova, Dmitriy Voyakin, Enkhbayar Mijiddorj, Kunbolot Akmatov, Alina Kolbina, Kadicha Tashbaeva, Tereza Štolcová, Zaruhi Khachatryan, Bazartseren Boldbaatar, Karol Pieta, Anders Gorm Pedersen, Nina Lau, Egor Kitov, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Karl-Göran Sjögren, Alexander Tkachev, Simon Rasmussen, Sturla Ellingvåg, Z. Orozbekova, Andrzej W. Weber, Tatyana Hegay, Martin Sikora, Choduraa Dorzhu, Nina Marchi, Valeriy Evdokimov, Gabriel Renaud, Peter de Barros Damgaard, Diimaajav Erdenebaatar, Irina P. Panyushkina, Sainbileg Undrakhbold, Morten E. Allentoft, Gabit Baimbetov, Eske Willerslev, J. Víctor Moreno-Mayar, Viktor K. Mertz, Evgeniy Dmitriev, Ashot Margaryan, Hakon Hakonarson, Bekmukhanbet Nurmukhanbetov, Inga Merkyte, Gulmira Mukhtarova, Irina Shevnina, Kasper Nielsen, Victor Varfolomeev, Nurbol Baimukhanov, Gennady Afanasiev, Arman Beisenov, Evelyne Heyer, Ludovic Orlando, Rasmus Nielsen, Angela M. Taravella, Tabaldiev Kubatbek, Valeriy Loman, Turaly Tulegenov, Václav Smrčka, Lotte Hedeager, Alexey Kukushkin, Michaël Peyrot, Almaz Aldashev, Kristian Kristiansen, Mikkel Winther Pedersen, Rana Dajani, Igor Kukushkin, Andrey Logvin, and Ilya V. Mertz

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Multidisciplinary, Geography, Published Erratum, Section (typography), Center (algebra and category theory), Classics
Abstract

In this Article, Angela M. Taravella and Melissa A. Wilson Sayres have been added to the author list (associated with: School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA). The author list and Author Information section have been corrected online.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results