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Eniochthonius minutissimus (Berlese, 1903) Eniochthonius minutissimus Weigmann 2006, p. 105, figs 54b, c. Eniochthonius minutissimus Seniczak et al. 2009, p. 375, figs 1, 2. Parco Naturale delle Alpi Marittime: AB, FRA, FAG, PRATO sparse. General distribution: Northern, southern Italy; Italian, Swiss, Austrian Alps; semicosmopolitan. Habitat preferences: euryoecious, primarily silvicolous., Published as part of Schatz, Heinrich, Fortini, Lorenzo, Fusco, Tommaso, Casale, Francesca, Jacomini, Carlo & Giulio, Andrea Di, 2021, Oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) from " Parco Naturale delle Alpi Marittime " (Piedmont, Italy), pp. 501-540 in Zootaxa 5082 (6) on page 507, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5082.6.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5797624, {"references":["Weigmann, G. (2006) Hornmilben (Oribatida). Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. Teil 76. Goecke & Evers, Keltern, 520 pp.","Seniczak, S., Norton, R. A. & Seniczak, A. (2009) Morphology of Eniochthonius minutissimus (Berlese, 1904) and Hypochthonius rufulus C. L. Koch, 1835 (Acari: Oribatida: Hypochthonioidea). Annales Zoologici, Warszawa, 59 (3), 373 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 000345409 X 476440"]}

Oribatid mites were investigated in six sites in the Alpi Marittime Natural Park (Prov. Cuneo, Piedmont, northern Italy) which is part of the NATURA 2000 network. The selected locations cover 4 forested (fir, ash, 2 beech forests) and 2 grassland sites (mountain meadow, xeric grassland). Altogether 173 described oribatid species belonging to 51 families were encountered, complemented by one undetermined species (Scheloribates (Topobates) cf. carpathicus), added together 174 species. Among them 11 species are new records for Italy. A comparison with other Italian alpine provinces shows high similarity of the oribatid species composition from the investigated sites with the provinces of Bolzano, Trento, Sondrio. A total of 37 species from the Marittime Alps has also been recorded in the southern part of the nearby Swiss canton Ticino. The majority of the species in the investigated sites are known as silvicolous; xerophilous species were mainly found in the xeric grassland site at lower altitude. High species similarities are observed between the forested sites, which also show high species numbers (up to 96 spp. found in the fir forest), lowest similarities are found between the open grassland sites and the forested sites, as well as between the grassland sites themselves.

Eniochthonius mahunkai Norton and Behan-Pelletier, 2007 Geographic Location: AB: ABMI Sites (Walter et al. 2014); NB: Kouchibouguac NP (Norton & Behan- Pelletier 2007); NS: Cape Breton Highlands NP (Norton & Behan-Pelletier 2007). Habitats: mixed semi-forested peatlands with Sphagnum and Rhododendron litter. Distribution: Nearctic., Published as part of Behan-Pelletier, Valerie M. & Lindo, Zoë, 2019, Checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Canada and Alaska, pp. 1-180 in Zootaxa 4666 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4666.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4000595, {"references":["Norton, R. A. & Behan-Pelletier, V. M. (2007) Eniochthonius mahunkai sp. n. (Acari: Oribatida: Eniochthoniidae), from North American peatlands, with a redescription of Eniochthonius and a key to North American species. Acta Zoologica Academi- ae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 53, 295 - 333.","Walter, D. E., Latonas, S., Byers, K. & Lumley, L. M. (2014) Almanac of Alberta Oribatida Part I. Ver. 2.4. Royal Alberta Museum, Edmonton, AB. 542 pp. Available from: https: // www. royalalbertamuseum. ca / research / lifeSciences / invertebrateZoology / research. cfm (accessed 20 March 2019)"]}

This checklist of the oribatid fauna of Canada and Alaska (excluding Astigmata) includes 580 identified species in 249 genera and 96 families. The known fauna of Canada includes 556 identified species in 247 genera, and that of Alaska includes 182 species in 95 genera; 39 of the 42 oribatid superfamilies are represented. We further list ~ 300 species that are currently unidentified, and possibly undescribed. In addition, we list 42 genera that are represented only by unidentified and probably undescribed species. For each species we give combinations and synonymies, specific locations in Alaska and the Provinces and Territories of Canada, habitats, and biogeography. There are 182 identified species known for Alaska, 152 for Yukon, 122 for Northwest Territories, 58 for Nunavut; 210 for British Columbia, 213 for Alberta, 15 for Saskatchewan, 84 for Manitoba, 167 for Ontario, 210 for Québec, 110 for Nova Scotia, 77 for New Brunswick, 84 for Newfoundland and 6 for Prince Edward Island. The known fauna of Canada is smaller than that of Austria, and is approximately equivalent to that of the Czech Republic. As these countries are much smaller in size than Canada and less ecologically diverse, we consider the Canadian and Alaskan fauna are at most 25% known. The paucity of these data reflects the absence of taxonomic and faunistic studies on Oribatida in State, Provinces or Territories, and especially in the Canadian and Alaskan National Park systems and the hundreds of Provincial Parks. Despite the almost 90% increase in described species since the catalogue of Marshall et al. (1987), there is a need for focussed, coordinated research on Oribatida in the natural regions throughout Canada and Alaska, and for monographs on families and genera with large numbers of undescribed species, such as Brachychthoniidae, Damaeidae, Cepheidae, Liacaridae, Oppiidae, Suctobelbidae, Hydrozetidae, Phenopelopidae, Scheloribatidae, Haplozetidae and Galumnidae.

Family Eniochthoniidae Grandjean, 1947 Eniochthonius Grandjean, 1933 �� Eniochthonius minutissimus (Berlese, 1910) �� Original name: Hypocthonius minutissimus Berlese, 1904. �� In: Acari nuovi. Manipulus I. Redia, 1, 235���252. �� Historical combinations/variations: Hypochthonius minutissima (Berlese) Vasiliu and Ivan 1995. Hypochthoniella minutissima (Berlese) Marshall, 1968. �� Synonyms: Hypochthonius pallidulus (Berlese) sensu Michael, 1888 non C.L. Koch, 1836; Hypochthonius (Hypochtoniella) pallidulus (Berlese) Berlese, 1910; Arthrochthonius pallidulus (Berlese) sensu Ewing 1917; Hypochthoniella pallidulus (Berlese) Sellnick, 1928; Eniochthonius pallidulus (Berlese) Grandjean, 1933; Eniochthonius grandjeani van der Hammen, 1952. Irish Reference/s and Habitat/s: Heather and shelter belt on peat (Longworth 1973) Cutaway raised bog, permanent pasture on bog (Whelan 1976); lodgepole pine and Norway spruce mixed forest (Arroyo et al. 2009b); grassland and ant nests (Arroyo et al. 2015). Counties: Kildare, Limerick, Mayo and Wicklow., Published as part of Bolger, Thomas, 2017, Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) recorded from Ireland: Catalogue, historical records, species habitats and geographical distribution, combinations, variations and synonyms, pp. 1-174 in Zootaxa 4328 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4328.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1000543, {"references":["Berlese, A. (1904) Acari nuovi. Manipulus III. Redia, 2, 10 - 32.","Longworth, T. J. (1973) Some aspects of the ecology of the acari of virgin and reclaimed blanket bog at Glenamoy, Co. Mayo. National University of Ireland. PhD thesis, University College Dublin, Dublin, 76 pp.","Whelan, J. (1976) A comparative study of the acarine fauna of permanent pasture and of the new leys on cutaway raised bog at Lullymore, Co. Kildare. Ph. D. Thesis, National University of Ireland, Dublin, 223 pp.","Arroyo, J., Keith, A. M., Schmidt, O. & Bolger, T. (2009 a) Mite abundance and richness in an Irish survey of soil biodiversity with comments on some newly recorded species. Irish Naturalist Journal, 33 (1), 19 - 27.","Arroyo, J., O'Grady, A., Vance, H. & Bolger, T. (2015) The mite (Acari: Oribatida, Mesostigmata) assemblages associated with Lasius flavus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) nests and surrounding soil in an Irish grassland. Biology and Environment Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 115 (1), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.3318 / bioe. 2015.03"]}

Bolger, Thomas (2017): Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) recorded from Ireland: Catalogue, historical records, species habitats and geographical distribution, combinations, variations and synonyms. Zootaxa 4328 (1): 1-174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4328.1.1

Eniochthonius minutissimus (Berlese, 1904) Syn.: Hypochthoniella minutissima (Berlese, 1904) sensu Darejanashvili & Gurgenidze 2004, Murvanidze et al. 2013, Murvanidze & Arabuli, 2015 Distribution in Georgia. W: Sokhumi, Ochamchire, Chanchakhi glacier, Poti, Kintrishi Reserve, Mtirala National Park, Rgani, Darkveti, Itkhvisi, Akhalkalaki; E: Tbilisi, Didgori, Mariamjvari Reserve, Gombori range (Murvanidze et al. 2013; Murvanidze & Arabuli 2015; Shtanchaeva & Sub��as 2010) Global distribution. Holarctic Ecology. Acidic forest and bog soils, Published as part of Murvanidze, Maka & Mumladze, Levan, 2016, Annotated checklist of Georgian oribatid mites, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 4089 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4089.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/257567

Murvanidze, Maka, Mumladze, Levan (2016): Annotated checklist of Georgian oribatid mites. Zootaxa 4089 (1): 1-81, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4089.1.1

Akrami, Mohammad Ali (2015): An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran. Zootaxa 3963 (4): 451-501, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1

Hypochthoniella * minutissima * (Berlese, 1904) Iran localities. Nowshahr, Kandolus road. Distribution. Cosmopolitan (except Antarctic). Note. New record for Iran.

Hypochthoniella * minutissima * (Berlese, 1904) Iran localities. Nowshahr, Kandolus road. Distribution. Cosmopolitan (except Antarctic). Note. New record for Iran., Published as part of Akrami, Mohammad Ali, 2015, An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Iran, pp. 451-501 in Zootaxa 3963 (4) on page 455, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/239832

Eniochthonius minutissimus (Berlese, 1904) Specimens examined: Cerro Otto - under A. chilensis, soil XI-06 (2), I-07 (2), Leaf litter I- 2008 (2), LLao LLao - under N. dombeyi, leaf litter XI-06 (2), soil XI-06 (5), Cerro P. Laguna - under N. antarctica, leaf litter, XI-06 (3). Remarks: Originally described from Italy. Previously reported in Argentina [as Eniochthonius minutissimus Berlese] in El Bols��n (Balogh & Csisz��r 1963) in mixed forest of A. chilensis and Lomatia sp., and in Chile in Puerto Montt and Peulla in mosses from forests (Hammer 1962 a)., Published as part of Kun, Marcelo E., Mart��nez, Pablo A. & Gonzalez, Alda, 2010, Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from Austrocedrus chilensis and Nothofagus forests of Northwestern Patagonia (Argentina), pp. 22-42 in Zootaxa 2548 on page 26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.196766, {"references":["Balogh, J. & Csiszar, J. (1963) The Zoological Results of Gy. Topal's Collectings in South Argentina 5. Oribatei (Acarina). Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici pars Zoologica, 55, 463 - 485.","Hammer, M. (1962 a) Investigations on the Oribatid Fauna of the Andes Mountains III. Chile. Biologiske Skrifter Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, 13 (2), 1 - 96."]}

Forest sites in Northwestern Argentinean Patagonia were surveyed to determine the oribatid mite fauna. A taxonomic inventory of oribatid mites was carried out in Northwestern Argentinean Patagonia to establish the taxonomic diversity, for increasing the knowledge of their distribution, detecting new species and assessing environmental effects on the oribatid mite community. Eleven sampling sites in nearly pure forests of Austrocedrus chilensis, Nothofagus dombeyi, Nothofagus antarctica were selected as these are among the most recurrent arboreal species found in this region. Samples of leaf litter, soil and pitfall traps contents were taken from each forest. Fifty-five oribatid species, belonging to 46 genera in 28 families, were found. Nine species are new records for Argentina and one for continental Argentina. Thirty-two species were recorded in A. chilensis forests, 35 in N. dombeyi forests and 20 in N. antarctica forests. Fifty species were found in leaf litter, 35 in soil and eight in pitfall traps. Fourteen species were recorded exclusively in leaf litter, one in soil and four in pitfall traps. A high level of endemism is confirmed as nearly 62 % of collected species have previously been found only in Southern Andes supporting the existence of an associated autochthonous oribatid fauna.

Migliorini, Massimo (2009): Oribatid mite (Arachnida: Oribatida) coenoses from SW Sardinia *. Zootaxa 2318: 8-37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.192029

ENIOCHTHONIIDAE Eniochthonius minutissimus 1 COS THER. WOOD, Published as part of Migliorini, Massimo, 2009, Oribatid mite (Arachnida: Oribatida) coenoses from SW Sardinia *, pp. 8-37 in Zootaxa 2318 on page 35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.192029

ENIOCHTHONIIDAE Eniochthonius minutissimus 1 COS THER. WOOD

Eniochthoniidae Grandjean, 1947 Diagnose: Körper vorn schmal, gelblich; NG zweigeteilt; vorderer Schild Na mit angedeuteter Verwachsungsnaht einerweiteren Querteilung; auf Na die Borstenreihen c bis e; Borsten h2 und h3 auf einem seitlichen Sklerit [54d]; insgesamt 16 Paar ng; Epi-Formel 3-1-3-4; AG und G quergeteilt; 10 g, 1 ag, 1 an, 3 ad. Eine Gattung mit einer Art: [Eniochthonius minutissimus (Berlese, 1903)]

Eniochthonius minutissimus (Berlese, 1903) [54c-e] Diagnose: ss schlank, einseitig mit mehreren längeren Rami, Rückseite mit wenigen kurzen Borstein. Körper 370-380 µm lang. Syn., Tax.: Hypochthonius minutissimus Berlese, 1903. Eniochthonius m.: Hammen 1959; Sellnick 1960; Perez-Inigo 1968 (B). Hypochthoniella m.: Balogh & Mahunka 1983 (B); Fujikawa 1994 (B). - Hypochthonius pallidulus sensu Michael 1888; Berlese 1896. Nicht H. pallidulus C. L. Koch, 1835 (Nymphe von H. rufulus). Hypochthoniella p.: Berlese 1910a; Willmann 1931 (B). Eniochthonius p.: Grandjean 1933a (B). - Eniochthonius grandjeani Hammen, 1952. Ökologie: In sauren Wald- und Moorböden. Verbreitung: Weltweit., Published as part of Weigmann, G. & Miko, L., 2006, Hornmilben (Oribatida) [pages 102 to 148], pp. 102-148 in Hornmilben (Oribatida) [Dahl, Tierwelt Deutschlands, Teil 76], Keltern :Goecke & Evers on page 105

Eniochthonius Grandjean, 1933 Typ: Hypochthonius minutissimus Berlese, 1904. - Syn. Hypochthoniella Berlese, 1910

Eniochthoniidae Grandjean, 1947 Diagnose: Körper vorn schmal, gelblich; NG zweigeteilt; vorderer Schild Na mit angedeuteter Verwachsungsnaht einerweiteren Querteilung; auf Na die Borstenreihen c bis e; Borsten h2 und h3 auf einem seitlichen Sklerit [54d]; insgesamt 16 Paar ng; Epi-Formel 3-1-3-4; AG und G quergeteilt; 10 g, 1 ag, 1 an, 3 ad. Eine Gattung mit einer Art: [Eniochthonius minutissimus (Berlese, 1903)], Published as part of Weigmann, G. & Miko, L., 2006, Hornmilben (Oribatida) [pages 102 to 148], pp. 102-148 in Hornmilben (Oribatida) [Dahl, Tierwelt Deutschlands, Teil 76], Keltern :Goecke & Evers on page 105

Eniochthonius Grandjean, 1933 Typ: Hypochthonius minutissimus Berlese, 1904. - Syn. Hypochthoniella Berlese, 1910, Published as part of Weigmann, G. & Miko, L., 2006, Hornmilben (Oribatida) [pages 102 to 148], pp. 102-148 in Hornmilben (Oribatida) [Dahl, Tierwelt Deutschlands, Teil 76], Keltern :Goecke & Evers on page 105

Eniochthoniidae Vorkommen: Einzige in Mitteleuropa gefundene Art, Eniochthonius minutissimus (Berlese, 1904) regelmäßig, aber meist spärlich in der Bodenstreu, manchmal Massenauftreten.

Eniochthoniidae Vorkommen: Einzige in Mitteleuropa gefundene Art, Eniochthonius minutissimus (Berlese, 1904) regelm����ig, aber meist sp��rlich in der Bodenstreu, manchmal Massenauftreten., Published as part of Beck, L. & Woas, S., 1991, Die Oribatiden-Arten (Acari) eines suedwestdeutschen Buchenwaldes I., pp. 37-82 in carolinea 49 on page 42

ENIOCHTHONIIDAE Grandjean, 1947 In his preliminary classification of the Enarthronota, Grandjean (1947, p. 223) created a subfamily Eniochthoniinae that later (Grandjean, 1954, p. 429) was raised to family rank (Eniochthoniidae). Although the generic name Hypochthoniella Berlese (1910) has priority against Eniochthonius Grandjean (1947), the family name Eniochthoniidae is valid., Published as part of van der Hammen, L., 1959, Berlese's Primitive Oribatid Mites, pp. 1-93 in Zoologische Verhandelingen 40 on page 16

Eniochthonius minutissimus (Berlese, 1904) (= pallidulus auct.) Hypocthonius pallidulus, Berlese, 1896b, p. 25. Hypochthonius minutissimus Berlese, 1904, p. 252. Hypochthonius (Hypochthoniella) pallidulus, Berlese, 1910, p. 218. The original description of H. minutissimus appears to have escaped the notice of later authors; it is, besides, a remarkable fact that afterwards Berlese never recorded the species again. The diagnosis, as usually much too short, gives no decisive answer as to specific identity, but nevertheless reminds of the genus Hypochthoniella. In the hand-written catalogue of the Berlese Collection the name H. minutissimus does not occur. Among the material booked as H. pallidulus I found, however, the slides of three types; these bear on the labels the name H. minutissimus that in pencil, in Berlese's own handwriting, is corrected into pallidulus. It concerns the slides nos. 19/8, 20/2, and 20/3 that are still labelled as "tipico"; the specimens have been collected at Florence in the "Giardino di Boboli", as was recorded in the original description. A further study of the type specimens shows that they are indeed identical with pallidulus sensu Michael; the same conclusion applies to the remaining material of pallidulus. It is a proof of inaccuracy that Berlese never published his correction; in this manner he has been the cause that the name minutissimus was not introduced before. Grandjean (1933), who discovered the real identity of H. pallidulus C. L. Koch, supposed that it is possible to preserve the name pallidulus in the genus Eniochthonius; consequently he cites the species afterwards as Eniochthonius pallidulus (Michael). Because this is contrary to the international rules of nomenclature I created (Van der Hammen, 1952) the name Eniochthonius grandjeani. It is evident now that both names must be placed in the synonymy of E. minutissimus., Published as part of van der Hammen, L., 1959, Berlese's Primitive Oribatid Mites, pp. 1-93 in Zoologische Verhandelingen 40 on page 17

ENIOCHTHONIIDAE Grandjean, 1947 In his preliminary classification of the Enarthronota, Grandjean (1947, p. 223) created a subfamily Eniochthoniinae that later (Grandjean, 1954, p. 429) was raised to family rank (Eniochthoniidae). Although the generic name Hypochthoniella Berlese (1910) has priority against Eniochthonius Grandjean (1947), the family name Eniochthoniidae is valid.

Eniochthonius Grandjean, 1933 Hypochthoniella Berlese, 1910, p. 218. Eniochthonius Grandjean, 1933, p. 32. Some misunderstanding has arisen about the validity of the generic name Hypochthoniella. In a discussion of the classification of the family Hypochthoniidae, Berlese (1910, p. 218) wrote the following in a foot-note "L' H. pallidulus K. avendo l'addome diviso in tre parti potrebbe formare sottogenere (Hypocthoniella) 1) nel gen. Hypocthonius di cui e tipo l' H. rufulus K. ". This subgenus is sufficiently characterized, not only because of the cited description, but also by the fact that it is distinctly founded on the species that since Michael is known by the name pallidulus C. L. Koch. 1) This manner of writing certainly is a lapsus; Berlese 1910, p. 218) spells the Greek word chthonios in three ways: ctonius, cthonius, and chthonius. I prefer the correct orthography chthonius that is in common use. The subgenus was raised to generic rank and later authors generally cited the species as Hypochthoniella pallidula, tili Grandjean (1933, p. 32) drew attention to the fact that Hypochthonius pallidulus C. L. Koch undoubtedly must be regarded as the nymph of H. rufulus C. L. Koch, and therefore distinctly differs from H. pallidulus sensu Michael. At the same time Grandjean placed the generic name Hypochthoniella in the synonymy of Hypochthonius, and created a new genus Eniochthonius with H. pallidulus sensu Michael as the type 1). Considering that Berlese's conception of the genus Hypochthoniella is unmistakable, and because the material in his collection precludes any doubt, it appears to be correct to use the name Hypochthoniella. Because the family name Eniochthoniidae is already in use, I prefer, however, to conserve also the name Eniochthonius. Below I demonstrate that Eniochthonius minutissimus is the correct name of the type. 1) Arthrochthonius Ewing (1917) has also H. pallidulus as type, so that it is a synonym of Hypochthoniella; Ewing apparently contributed also some Brachychthoniidae and other Enarthronota to it. After its publication, the name Arthrochthonius has not been in use., Published as part of van der Hammen, L., 1959, Berlese's Primitive Oribatid Mites, pp. 1-93 in Zoologische Verhandelingen 40 on pages 16-17