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3. A nutritional strategy to promote gilthead seabream performance under low temperatures

Author

Teodósio, Rita, Aragão, Cláudia, Colen, Rita, Carrilho, Raquel, Dias, Jorge, and Engrola, Sofia

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Tissues and Organs
Abstract

Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) is vulnerable to low water temperature, which may occur in the Southern Europe and Mediterranean region during Winter. Fish are poikilothermic animals, so feed intake, digestion, metabolism and ultimately growth are affected by water temperature. This study aimed to evaluate growth performance, feed utilisation, nutrient apparent digestibility, and N losses to the environment in seabream juveniles reared under low temperature (13 degrees Celsius). Three isolipid and isoenergetic diets were formulated: a commercial-like diet (COM) with 44% crude protein and 27.5% fishmeal; and 2 diets with 42% CP (ECO and ECOSup), reduced FM inclusion, and 15% poultry meal. ECOSup diet was supplemented with a mix of feed additives intended to promote fish growth and feed intake. The ECO diets presented lower production costs than the COM diet and included more sustainable ingredients. Seabream juveniles (154.5 g) were randomly assigned to triplicate tanks and fed the diets for 84 days. Fish fed the ECOSup and COM diets attained a similar final body weight. ECOSup fed fish presented significantly higher HSI than COM fed fish, probably due to higher hepatic glycogen reserves. The VSI of ECOSup fed fish were significantly lower compared to COM fed fish, which is a positive achievement from a consumer point of view. Nutrient digestibility was similar in ECOSup and COM diets. Feeding fish with the ECO diets resulted in lower faecal N losses when compared to COM fed fish. Feeding seabream with an eco-friendly diet with a mix of feed additives promoted growth, improved fish nutritional status and minimised N losses to the environment whilst lowering production costs. Nutritional strategies that ultimately promote feed intake and diet utilisation are valuable tools that may help conditioning fish to sustain growth even under adverse conditions.

Published
2021
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6. Socially Acceptable Feed Formulations May Impact the Voluntary Feed Intake and Growth, but Not Robustness of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Author

Mendes, Rodrigo, Rema, Paulo, Dias, Jorge, Gonçalves, Ana Teresa, Teodósio, Rita, Engrola, Sofia, Sánchez-Vázquez, Francisco J., and Conceição, Luís E. C.

Subjects
NILE tilapia, ANIMAL tracks, FISH meal as feed, GLUTATHIONE reductase, FISH feeds, FISH growth
Abstract

Society is becoming more demanding with aquaculture's environmental footprint and animal wellbeing. In order to potentially mitigate these concerns, feed formulations could be based on eco-efficient (circular economy-driven) or organic ingredients. This study aimed to investigate the growth performance, feed utilization, and health status of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) when fed with such feeds. The growth trial lasted for 8 weeks, and fish had an initial weight of 31.0 ± 0.5 g (mean ± SD). Fish were fed until visual satiation, in quadruplicate, with one of three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental feeds: a commercial-like feed without fishmeal (PD), a diet based on ingredients compatible with organic certification (ORG), or a feed formulated using circular economy-driven subproducts and emergent ingredients (ECO). Fish fed ECO showed a tendency for decreased feed intake, while ORG fish significantly reduced their intake compared to those fed PD. Consequently, fish fed ECO (62.7 ± 5.4 g) exhibited almost half the growth than those fed PD (107.8 ± 6.1 g), while ORG fish almost did not increase their weight (32.7 ± 1.3 g). ECO and ORG diets had a lower digestibility for protein, lipid, and energy when compared to PD. Feed utilization of fish fed ECO or ORG was also lower than those fed PD. From the health-related genes analyzed, only glutathione reductase (gsr) showed statistically significant differences, being more expressed in fish-fed ECO than those fed PD. Thus, even when such novel formulations induced extreme effects on voluntary feed intake, their impact was noted only in fish growth, but not in robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Microalgae as feed ingredients for livestock production and aquaculture

Author

Valente, Luisa M.P., primary, Cabrita, Ana R.J., additional, Maia, Margarida R.G., additional, Valente, Inês M., additional, Engrola, Sofia, additional, Fonseca, António J.M., additional, Ribeiro, David Miguel, additional, Lordelo, Madalena, additional, Martins, Cátia Falcão, additional, Falcão e Cunha, Luísa, additional, de Almeida, André Martinho, additional, and Freire, João Pedro Bengala, additional

Published
2021
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13. Sustainable feed formulation to community‐based aquaculture: Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings performance and antioxidant status.

Author

Pires, Sílvia F. S., Vital, Inês, Pereira, Vitória, Bustani, Henriques, Aragão, Cláudia, Engrola, Sofia, Cabano, Miguel, Dias, Jorge, Soares, Amadeu M. V. M., Rodrigues, Andreia C. M., and Rocha, Rui J. M.

Subjects
NILE tilapia, OXIDANT status, FISH feeds, AQUACULTURE, THERMAL stresses, NATURAL resources
Abstract

Community‐based aquaculture can reduce dependence on natural resources, promote biodiversity conservation, and improve local economies and food security. However, this activity is highly dependent on local conditions regarding natural resources, such as the availability of produced organisms, adequate feeds, and environmental factors. As ectothermic organisms, fish are more susceptible to temperature fluctuations in culture conditions. A set of raw ingredients (e.g., cassava and local beans) produced or available in villages from Cabo Delgado (Mozambique) with nutritional potential for fish feed were selected to produce an experimental diet. The following objectives were defined: (1) evaluate growth performance of tilapia fingerlings fed a diet produced with local ingredients, compared with a commercial‐like diet; and (2) evaluate the response to thermal stress (18, 26, and 32°C) by tilapia fingerlings fed with tested diets. Tilapia fed with an experimental diet presented lower growth rates, lower DNA damage, higher neurophysiological, and antioxidant activity, leading to increased oxidative stress. Regarding energy budget, tilapia fed with the experimental diet presented higher protein content at 26°C and lipids at 18°C, leading to greater energy available at these temperatures. Overall, local ingredients can be successfully used as an additional feed source for tilapia production in community‐based aquaculture in earthen ponds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Exploring first-feeding diets for European eel larval culture: Insights at morphological, nutritional, and molecular levels

Author

Benini, Elisa, Bandara, Kasun A., Politis, Sebastian Nikitas, Engrola, Sofia, Nielsen, Anders, Conceição, Luis E.C., Santos, Andre, Sørensen, Sune Riis, Tomkiewicz, Jonna, Benini, Elisa, Bandara, Kasun A., Politis, Sebastian Nikitas, Engrola, Sofia, Nielsen, Anders, Conceição, Luis E.C., Santos, Andre, Sørensen, Sune Riis, and Tomkiewicz, Jonna

Abstract

Closing the life cycle of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in captivity is targeted to provide a sustainable, year-round supply of juveniles for aquaculture. Present focus is on the nutritional requirements during the larval first-feeding period. In this study, three experimental diets were tested on hatchery-produced European eel larvae from the onset of the first-feeding stage commencing 10 days post hatch (dph) until 28 dph. Larval mortality was recorded daily, while sampling was conducted at regular intervals to record larval biometrics and analyze the expression of genes related to digestion, appetite, feed intake and growth. Two periods of high mortality were identified: the first appeared shortly after introduction of feeds (10–12 dph), while the second occurred 20–24 dph, indicating the “point of no return”. This interpretation was supported at the molecular level by the expression of the gene encoding the “hunger hormone” ghrelin (ghrl) that peaked at 22 dph in all dietary trials, suggesting that most larvae were fasting. However, in larvae fed diet 3, ghrl expression was downregulated beyond 22 dph, which indicated that those larvae were no longer starving at this stage, while upregulation of genes encoding the major digestive enzymes (try, tgl, and amyl2a) advocated their healthy development. Moreover, for larvae fed diet 3, the expression of those genes as well as genes for feed intake (pomca) and growth (gh) continued to increase towards 28 dph. These results together with the registered highest survival, largest dry weight increase, and enhanced biometrics (length and body area) pointed to diet 3 as the best-performing. As a whole, this first-feeding study represents a landmark being the first to document European eel larval growth and survival beyond the point of no return, providing novel insights into the molecular development of digestive functions during the first feeding stage.

Published
2023

31. Transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding in hatchery-cultured European eel larvae

Author

Benini, Elisa, Engrola, Sofia, Politis, Sebastian Nikitas, Sorensen, Sune Riis, Nielsen, Anders, Conceicao, Luis E. C., Santos, Andre, Tomkiewicz, Jonna, Benini, Elisa, Engrola, Sofia, Politis, Sebastian Nikitas, Sorensen, Sune Riis, Nielsen, Anders, Conceicao, Luis E. C., Santos, Andre, and Tomkiewicz, Jonna

Abstract

The transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding is critical during fish early life, where appropriate feed availability and timing of initiation of feeding influence survival. For European eel (Anguilla anguilla), establishing first feeding culture is at a pioneering state, where successful production of larvae has recently enabled feeding experiments. In the present study, three diets and potential benefits of early feeding during the transition from yolk-sac stage to feeding larvae were explored, including molecular analyses of genes involved in digestive functions and growth. Three consecutive trials were performed using hatchery produced eel offspring. In Feeding regimes 1 and 3, expression of npy and cck (appetite regulation) was higher, while expression of pomca (food intake) was lower in non-prefed larvae, indicating increased fasting and higher starvation risk. In contrast, Feeding regime 2 led to the highest survival ever registered for European eel larvae i.e. 20% at 20 dph, in spite that prefeeding resulted in reduced survival rate during the endogenous feeding stage. This was associated with initial hsp90 (stress/repair) upregulation in larvae receiving prefeeding, however, with subsequent downregulation during exogenous feeding. Notably, the growth related gh expression was higher in prefed larvae, indicating growth benefits of prefeeding. Likewise, prefeeding resulted in pomca as well as try, tgl, and amyl2a (digestion) upregulation, providing evidence of beneficial maturation of gut functionalities. Essentially, Feeding regime 2 demonstrated a continuous upregulation of growth, appetite and digestion related genes, which in combination with the highest survival suggest that dietary requirements were partially met. Moreover, in Feeding regime 2, gh and tgl were expressed at a higher level in prefeeding larvae than in the control, indicating that prefeeding might be advantageous in spite

Published
2022

32. Effect of creatine and EDTA supplemented diets on European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) allergenicity, fish muscle quality and omics fingerprint

Author

Schrama, Denise, primary, Raposo de Magalhães, Cláudia, additional, Cerqueira, Marco, additional, Carrilho, Raquel, additional, Farinha, Ana Paula, additional, Rosa da Costa, Ana M., additional, Gonçalves, Amparo, additional, Kuehn, Annette, additional, Revets, Dominique, additional, Planchon, Sébastien, additional, Engrola, Sofia, additional, and Rodrigues, Pedro M., additional

Published
2022
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33. Tipo de tratamento hormonal administrado para induzir vitellogênese na enguia europeia influencia a composição bioquímica de ovos e larvas de gema-sac

Author

Benini, E., Politis, S.N., Nielsen, A., Sørensen, S. R., Tomkiewicz, J., and Engrola, Sofia

Subjects
Pituitary extract, EFA, Assisted reproduction, Protein, embryonic structures, Egg and larval quality, FAA, Lipids
Abstract

Egg biochemical composition is among the main factors afecting ofspring quality and survival during the yolk-sac stage, when larvae depend exclusively on yolk nutrients. These nutrients are primarily embedded in the developing oocytes during vitellogenesis. In aquaculture, assisted reproduction procedures may be applied enabling gamete production. For the European eel (Anguilla anguilla), reproductive treatment involves administration of pituitary extracts from carp (CPE) or salmon (SPE) to induce and sustain vitellogenesis. In the present study, we compared the infuence of CPE and SPE treatments on ofspring quality and composition as well as nutrient utilization during the yolk-sac stage. Thus, dry weight, proximal composition (total lipid, total protein), free amino acids, and fatty acids were assessed in eggs and larvae throughout the yolk-sac stage, where body and oil-droplet area were measured to estimate growth rate, oil-droplet utilization, and oildroplet utilization efciency. The results showed that CPE females spawned eggs with higher lipid and free amino acid contents. However, SPE females produced more buoyant eggs with higher fertilization rate as well as larger larvae with more energy reserves (estimated as oil-droplet area). Overall, general patterns of nutrient utilization were detected, such as the amount of total lipid and monounsaturated fatty acids decreasing from the egg stage and throughout the yolk-sac larval stage. On the contrary, essential fatty acids and free amino acids were retained. Notably, towards the end of the yolk-sac stage, the proximal composition and biometry of surviving larvae, from both treatments, were similar. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2022

35. Exploring the Biotechnological Value of Marine Invertebrates: A Closer Look at the Biochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Sabella spallanzanii and Microcosmus squamiger

Author

Pan, Yu-Lun, primary, Rodrigues, Maria João, additional, Pereira, Catarina G., additional, Engrola, Sofia, additional, Colen, Rita, additional, Mansinhos, Inês, additional, Romano, Anabela, additional, Andrade, Paula B., additional, Fernandes, Fátima, additional, and Custódio, Luísa, additional

Published
2021
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42. Dietary Natural Plant Extracts Can Promote Growth and Modulate Oxidative Status of Senegalese Sole Postlarvae under Standard/Challenge Conditions

Author

Xavier, Maria J., primary, Conceição, Luís E. C., additional, Valente, Luisa M. P., additional, Colen, Rita, additional, Rodrigues, Andreia C. M., additional, Rocha, Rui J. M., additional, Custódio, Luísa, additional, Carballo, Carlos, additional, Manchado, Manuel, additional, and Engrola, Sofia, additional

Published
2021
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