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The article examines the system of building the defense area of the battalion of the National Guard of Ukraine for the protection and defense of an important state object. Engineering support is considered, namely the sequence of engineering (fortification) works and their impact on the survivability of the National Guard of Ukraine unit for the protection and defense of an important state facility. It was determined that the performance of engineering works of the first stage ensures the survivability of the unit at the level of 0,4‒0,5. That is, unit losses as a result of enemy influence will be 0,5‒0,6 (50‒60 %). The engineering works of the second stage will provide a survivability index at the level of 0,6 ‒0,7. That is, unit losses as a result of enemy influence will be 0,3‒0,4 (30‒40 %). The maximum survivability of the unit with an indicator of 0,8 must be ensured after the work of the 3rd shift and partial work in the future in three days. To ensure such an indicator, 15,103 man-hours are needed. Provided that the productivity of one serviceman will be 1 m3/hour and will not exceed 12 hours of work per day. A comparative analysis was carried out by performing mathematical calculations of the pace of engineering work by the personnel of the National Guard of Ukraine unit for the protection and defense of the facility without engineering equipment and with various types of engineering equipment. The comparative analysis showed that the minimum survivability of the unit during the execution of engineering works can be achieved within the normative indicators, but the maximum survivability of the unit in a three-day period, even with the available amount of equipment, is not possible. Proposed directions for increasing the pace of engineering works in order to achieve maximum survivability of the NSU unit for the protection and defense of the object within the established regulatory terms by reviewing the staffing of the units of the National Guard of Ukraine for the protection and defense of important state objects and providing the unit with additional engineering equipment., Актуалізовано питання здійснення аналізу темпу виконання інженерних (фортифікаційних) робіт підрозділом Національної гвардії України з охорони та оборони важливого державного об’єкта в умовах обмеженої кількості особового складу і техніки, що безпосередньо впливає на живучість підрозділу. Проведено розрахунки швидкості виконання інженерних робіт і досягнення максимального показника живучості підрозділу Національної гвардії України з охорони та оборони важливого державного об’єкта. Запропоновано напрями підвищення темпу виконання інженерних робіт (досягнення максимальної живучості) підрозділом Національної гвардії України з охорони та оборони важливого державного об’єкта шляхом перегляду штатної структури і доукомплектування додатковою інженерною технікою.

Dexterous manipulation is a challenging and important problem in robotics. While data-driven methods are a promising approach, current benchmarks require simulation or extensive engineering support due to the sample inefficiency of popular methods. We present benchmarks for the TriFinger system, an open-source robotic platform for dexterous manipulation and the focus of the 2020 Real Robot Challenge. The benchmarked methods, which were successful in the challenge, can be generally described as structured policies, as they combine elements of classical robotics and modern policy optimization. This inclusion of inductive biases facilitates sample efficiency, interpretability, reliability and high performance. The key aspects of this benchmarking is validation of the baselines across both simulation and the real system, thorough ablation study over the core features of each solution, and a retrospective analysis of the challenge as a manipulation benchmark. The code and demo videos for this work can be found on our website (https://sites.google.com/view/benchmark-rrc).

On the example of Moscow, an analysis of the history of the improvement and engineering systems of Russian cities is given. An appeal to the history of urban improvement and engineering systems in Moscow is relevant today due to the fact that over the past decade such work has been actively carried out not only in the capital but also in other historical cities within the framework of several national projects, including the national project "Housing and urban environment". For specialists in the improvement and development of engineering infrastructure, working in historical cities, it is important to understand the continuity of urban development and awareness of the history of their profession, its role in this development. Using the example of Moscow, the article shows that urban improvement, including the issues of engineering protection and engineering support, has a long history. In Moscow, this activity dates back to the XIV-XV centuries, and its historical stages are closely related to the main stages of the city's development (XIV-XVII and XVIII-XIX centuries, including the beginning of the XX century).

In our series about notable military engineering officers, this current study deals with a soldier who fought in both World Wars; an officer who had significant achievements in theory and practice as well. He has dealt with almost every field of engineering support. His most lasting achievements are the textbooks Haditechnikai Ismeretek I– III. [Rudiments of military technique I–III], which contain much, today still applicable information.

The article focuses on solving the problem of assessing the survivability of a anti-aircraft missile system. The ways of solving this problem are shown by the use of certain methods, by which it is possible to carry out the analysis of the factors that influence the survivability of the anti-aircraft missile system. Assessment of the survivability of the anti-aircraft missile system is carried out on the basis of a model that characterizes the survivability of the system for a certain period of time. The time for which the survivability of the system is estimated is advisable within the average time spent by the elements of the control system in their positions. As an indicator of survivability, the probability of non-defeat of elements of the enemy anti-aircraft missile system over the adopted period of time is accepted. The adopted indicator is characterized by a number of particular indicators: the probability of detection (the probability of direct detection by enemy aircraft in a given area) of the control system elements; the probability of absenteeism of control elements from under the attack of the enemy; the probability of defeat of the elements of the enemy assets management system In turn, private indicators take into account the enemy’s ability to detect and strike at elements of the fire control system of an anti-aircraft sub-unit (anti-aircraft unit), as well as the possible impact of organizational and technical measures aimed at improving camouflage, creating false positions, and engineering support to reduce the likelihood of detection and defeat of elements of a fire control system of an anti-aircraft sub-unit (anti-aircraft unit). The proposed methodology for assessing the survivability of a fire control system takes into account the dynamics of its operation, the impact of possible measures to increase survivability at its level, takes into account different options for striking the enemy and allows a comparative analysis of proposals to ensure the required level of survivability of the system in the headquarters (military authorities) planning and conducting combat operations.

Yu. Ftemov The experience of fighting in the East of Ukraine shows that there is no integrated system of automated control of troops significantly reduces the degree of realization of combat capabilities of the troops (forces). Given the fact that in recent years there have been significant changes in the theory of engineering support of fighting. In turn, this is due to the inconsistency of the spatial scope of hostilities and the available forces (means) participating in it, as well as the inconsistency of the scope of tasks to create a system of engineering barriers to the capabilities of troops. However, the issue of automated control, and especially planning for the creation of a system of engineering barriers, in the general system of automated control of troops, is not given due attention. Existing calculation programs are quite operational, at the same time they solve mathematical problems of individual engineering activities and need to be systematized. Therefore, the article considers approaches to the formation of requirements for the optimization of the planning process of the system of engineering barriers, which can be implemented based on optimization methods, namely through the creation of specialized software. The general algorithm of specialized software is a series of interconnected detailed instructions that implement the calculation process, which, starting from the initial state, occurs through a sequence of logical states and ends with the final one. The transition from the previous to the next state is not necessarily deterministic – some algorithms may contain elements of randomness. When entering information (tasks, individual measures), for example, the counter ability of enemy units: the result of the calculation is to form a conclusion about the capabilities of their units to perform a specific combat task. The obtained results give grounds to conclude that the implementation of the recommendations will reduce the time for calculations to 25%, as well as an increase to 10% the number of possible options for creating a system of engineering barriers.

The article addresses selected aspects of supporting the mobility of the Ground Forces in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The experience of contemporary armed conflicts in which Russian forces were involved confirmed the need to maintain subunits, guaranteeing maneuver freedom in the area occupied by the enemy. The study aims to present explanations concerning: the role and tasks of the engineering troops of the Russian Federation in contemporary armed conflicts, characteristics of the currently used methods of performing mine barriers, namely mechanical, electromechanical, explosive, manual, and combined ones. Also, the essence of engineering activities according to the views adopted in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the content of engineering support for mobility in tactical departments, and the interpretation of basic concepts, and the role of engineering units and subunits in the activities in question are presented. Besides, the executive potential of selected organizational and functional structures of engineering units, their purpose, and the possibility of implementing individual engineering tasks in tactical activities related to maneuvering and displacement are described. In the aspect of the issue of the impact of engineering barriers and destruction on the pace of the enemy’s attack, an analysis of the execution potential and tactics of operations (doctrinal patterns of combat operations) of a potential enemy (the other party and its capability of supporting the mobility of own troops in the implementation of engineering projects related to crossings (paving) in dams, through natural obstacles and areas of destruction as well as demining terrain and objects) was performed.

The article discusses the necessity of the development of military-engineering science in the context of the existence of high-tech weapons in the world. It demonstrates the role of modern remote mining systems in the protection of territories, especially in mountainous regions, in difficult terrain, under the conditions of poor infrastructure development and harsh climate. At the same time, it's mentioned the need of use of salvage fire systems in case of an invasion by excess enemy forces in order to deter the enemy, destroy its live forces and equipment. Peculiarities of the use of remote mining are discussed: the arrangement of explosive fences, the mining and disposal of maritime space, as well as the development of the art of military engineering. In the sense of preparation of the theater of war, the development of military engineering science is the country's top priority and organized system.

The high load on electrified lines makes tougher the requirements for the reliability and maintainability of power supply devices. Insulators are a critical element of the overhead contact network, and great attention is paid to improving their characteristics — electrical and mechanical strength. Advantages of polymer insulators in comparison with traditional ones made of porcelain and glass are generally recognized: manufacturability, low weight, compactness, ease of installation and transportation, high mechanical strength and shock resistance.The article presents the results of comprehensive studies of the electrophysical characteristics of fiberglass rods and bars made of AG-4S carried out by the University of Railway Engineers (MIIT), which were used in the developed polymer structures of the contact network. Recommendations are given on the maintenance of fiberglass rods and bars from AG-4S and their engineering support. The issues of the mechanical strength of polymer insulators of the overhead contact network are covered quite fully, therefore, this article offers the basic principles for calculating their electrical strength. The main requirements for modern polymer insulators and design features are briefly presented for each type: suspended, tension, cantilever, fixing and supporting.

The operating experience of Novovoronezh NPP II-1 shows that, in the summer period, the temperature of the cooling water exceeds the design value: this indicates the insufficient performance of the service water supply system. The main factor that has a negative impact on the performance of this system is the formation of carbonate deposits on the cooling tower filler. At Novovoronezh NPP II-1, the cooling tower water distribution system was cleaned from carbonate deposits by the method of combined vibration and aerohydraulic impact. The tested method of cleaning the filler cannot be considered optimal, since the main stage that determines the entire cleaning duration is the assembly/disassembly of the cooling tower filler. It is necessary to continue research on the choice of a strategy for controlling the carbonate deposition rate, taking into account the revealed influence of the design features of the main cooling water pipelines and pipelines of the cooling tower water distribution system on the mechanism of deposit formation in the peripheral spraying area. As compensating measures to ensure the required temperature regime of the turbine plant equipment at Novovoronezh NPP II-1, it is practiced during the summer period to put the standby heat exchangers of the lubrication system and the standby pump of the nonessential services cooling water system into parallel operation. This solution is fraught with the risk of an unplanned decrease in the electrical load if this equipment is turned off in the event of a malfunction. To increase the operating stability of Novovoronezh NPP II-1 and -2 in the summer period, it is proposed to carry out a number of measures aimed at mitigating the negative consequences caused by the elevated service water temperature. Equipment upgrade options are evaluated, e.g., by installing an additional pump for the turbine building services cooling system and (or) laying an additional pipeline to supply part of the makeup water from the Don River directly to the suction pipelines of the pumps of the turbine building services cooling system.

The article focuses on solving the problem of assessing the survivability of a fire control system of an anti-aircraft sub-unit (anti-aircraft unit). The ways of solving this problem are shown by the use of certain methods, by which it is possible to carry out the analysis of the factors that influence the survivability of the fire control system of an anti-aircraft sub-unit (anti-aircraft unit). Assessment of the survivability of the control system is carried out on the basis of a model that characterizes the survivability of the system for a certain period of time. It is advisable to choose the time for which the survivability of the system is estimated within the average time spent by the elements of the fire control system of the anti-aircraft unit (unit) at their positions. As an indicator of survivability, the probability of non-defeat of elements of the enemy fire control system over the adopted time period is accepted. The adopted indicator is characterized by a number of particular indicators: the probability of detection (the probability of direct detection by enemy aircraft in a given area) of the control system elements; the probability of absenteeism of control elements from under the attack of the enemy; the probability of defeat of the elements of the enemy assets management system In turn, private indicators take into account the enemy’s ability to detect and strike at elements of the fire control system of an anti-aircraft sub-unit (anti-aircraft unit), as well as the possible impact of organizational and technical measures aimed at improving camouflage, creating false positions, and engineering support to reduce the likelihood of detection and defeat of elements of a fire control system of an anti-aircraft sub-unit (anti-aircraft unit). The proposed methodology for assessing the survivability of a fire control system takes into account the dynamics of its operation, the impact of possible measures to increase survivability at its level, takes into account different options for striking the enemy and allows a comparative analysis of proposals to ensure the required level of survivability of the system in the headquarters (military authorities) planning and conducting combat operations.

The formation and development of hydrogen power engineering (HPE) as a technologically efficient and competitive part of the future with a carbon-free or low-carbon economic paradigm makes it necessary to overcome many obstacles related not only to the maturity, availability, and economic efficiency of technologies but also to a sufficient, socially acceptable level of safety in HPE. Even if most technological and economic issues are resolved, the pace of adopting scientific and engineering developments in HPE on an industrial and commercial scale may be inhibited by the level of comprehensive (analytical, theoretical and computational, experimental) scientific and engineering support for safety in HPE facilities, networks, and systems throughout their entire life cycle (from design to decommissioning) and the completeness and sufficiency of the regulatory framework for both, new reactor centers with related new technologies and infrastructural HPE safety systems. Three classes of correlated challenges in the theoretical computational, experimental, and regulatory support safety in HPE are formulated and described in brief. Their timely resolution is critical to the successful transition to the carbon-free technological paradigm.

The article presents a methodology for monitoring the implementation of integrated schemes for engineering support of territories of the Housing Stock Renovation Program in Moscow. The methodology is based on the concept of an enlarged network model, which defines the sequence of work execution and their relationships at different stages of the life cycle – construction and demolition of residential and non-residential facilities, relocation and construction of engineering infrastructure, resettlement – in the form of a combined calendar plan (Gantt chart), linked to a single timeline, and solves an important practical task: tracking the timing and volume of works performed at all stages of the implementation of the Complex scheme of engineering support for the territory of renovation. The continuity of the new methodology and previously developed and used by the Moscow Government tools for planning and coordinating urban development activities is shown. Keywords: complex scheme of engineering support, monitoring, enlarged network model, program of renovation.

The authors express gratitude to employees of energy service of Kryvorizkyi Zalizorudnyi Kombinat PJSC for their engineering support while carrying out the experiments under the conditions of the Integrated Works mines and to the authorities of Kryvorizelectromontazh Ltd as the leading enterprise engaged in the design, modernization, and implementation of electric power supply systems for iron-ore production units of Kryvyi Rih iron-ore basin for their financial support in the paper publication.

The drive for a more flexible Through-life Engineering servicing technology that can enhance both productivity and profitability for the operation of maintenance, repair, overhaul (MRO) in the aerospace implores harnessing the innovation of hybrid-additive manufacturing (HAM). Hybrid manufacturing system seeks to reduce cost by utilizing the tool-less production principle of additive manufacturing combine with the conventional subtractive manufacturing for product finishing or post-processing. HAM has many merits that make it an attractive option in manufacturing of high performance products as peculiar to MRO businesses. Therefore, this paper aims to establish a cost model derived from a “Time Driven Activity Based Costing” approach for the technological integration of Hybrid system to increase economic competitiveness of highly MRO services in the aerospace industry. Hence, a unique cost formulation method was investigated through analytical technique in cost engineering models for the purpose of manufacturing processes.

Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Концепция развития велопарков и Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ð¶ÐµÐ½ÐµÑ€Ð½Ð¾Ðµ обеспечение». Целью работы является разработка концепции велопарков, как социально значимого объекта с целью повышения интереса к велосипеду, как к средству Ð¾Ñ‚Ð´Ñ‹Ñ Ð° и занятия спортом. Задачи, которые решались в Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ðµ исследования: Анализ потребности в реализации Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾ÐµÐºÑ‚Ð¾Ð²; Изучение опыта Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½ по благоустройству велодорожек и велопарков; Анализ решений по благоустройству и инженерному обеспечению территории и выявление Ð¾Ð¿Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ñ‹Ñ Ñ€ÐµÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹; Разработка Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ñ‹Ñ Ñ€ÐµÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ и рекомендаций по благоустройству велодорожек в Ñ€ÐµÐºÑ€ÐµÐ°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð·Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ñ ; Создание концепции велопарка на примере территории в городе. Объектом исследования является организация Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Â Ð¼Ð°Ñ€ÑˆÑ€ÑƒÑ‚Ð¾Ð² в городе, в частности, в Ñ€ÐµÐºÑ€ÐµÐ°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð·Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ñ (Ð¿Ð°Ñ€ÐºÐ°Ñ ). Предметом исследования в данной работе являются конструктивные решения приблагоустройстве велодорожек различного функционального назначения Ð²Â Ð¿Ð°Ñ€ÐºÐ°Ñ . В данной работе были проанализированы существующие проекты парков с различными типами велодорожек, а также описаны конструктивные решения велодорожек и выявлены положительные и отрицательные черты проектов, а также выделены аспекты, на которые стоит обратить внимание при проектировании велодорожек в парке. В работе подробно разобрана и проанализирована нормативно-методическая литература Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½ по проектированию велодорожек в Ñ€ÐµÐºÑ€ÐµÐ°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð·Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ñ . На основе ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ€Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Â Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð±Ñ‹Ð»Ð¸ разработаны конструктивные решения для Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¾Ð²Â Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ñ€ÑˆÑ€ÑƒÑ‚Ð¾Ð² в парке. Для Ð²ÑÐµÑ Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¿Ð¾Ð² маршрутов были предложены ÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ñ‹Â Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑ‰ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ и параметры для проектирования. При решении Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑ‚Ð°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñ‡ применялись такие методы как: анализ и сравнение ÑÑƒÑ‰ÐµÑÑ‚Ð²ÑƒÑŽÑ‰Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑŠÐµÐºÑ‚Ð¾Ð², анализ нормативной и методической литературы Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½ по теме работы, синтез Ð²Ñ‹ÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Â Ð¾Ð¿Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ñ‹Ñ Ñ€ÐµÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ и Ð¸Ñ ÑƒÑ‚Ð¾Ñ‡Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ. Результатом работы являются набор рекомендаций по проектированию велопарков и предложенная концепция парка с велоинфраструктурой Ð´Ð»ÑÂ Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÐºÐ°Ñ‚ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ð¹ жителей, созданная с учетом Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ñ€Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ‚Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Â ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑ‚Ñ€ÑƒÐºÑ‚Ð¸Ð²Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ñ€ÐµÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ и рекомендаций. Концепция парка была разработана на примере Полежаевского парка, расположенного в городе Санкт-Петербург. Практическое значение работы заключается в создании рекомендаций по благоустройству велодорожной сети в Ð¿Ð°Ñ€ÐºÐ°Ñ . Конструктивные решения, представленные в диссертации, могут быть использованы для проектирования Ñ€ÐµÐ°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑŠÐµÐºÑ‚Ð¾Ð² и сократить сроки проектирования маршрутов. Также материалы диссертации могут быть использованы для обновления/создания нормативной литературы по проектированию велодорожек в Ð¿Ð°Ñ€ÐºÐ°Ñ ., The topic of the graduate qualification work: «The concept of the development of bicycle parks and their engineering support». The aim of the work is to develop the concept of bike parks as a socially significant object to increase interest in the bicycle as a means of recreation and sports.The tasks that were solved during the study: Analysis of the need to implement such projects;to study the experience of different countries in improving bicycle paths and bicycle parks;analysis of solutions for landscaping and engineering provision of the territory and identifying the best solutions; Development of standard solutions and recommendations for the improvement of bicycle paths in recreational areas; Creating a concept of a bicycle park on the example of the territory in the city. The object of the study is the organization of bicycle routes in the city in recreational areas (parks). The subject of the study in this paper is the design solutions for the improvement of bicycle paths of different functional purposes in parks. In this paper, we analyzed the existing projects of parks with different types of bicycle lanes, as well as described the design solutions of bicycle lanes and identified positive and negative features of the projects, as well as highlighted the aspects that are worth paying attention to the design of bicycle lanes in the park. In this work, the regulatory and methodological literature of different countries on the design of bicycle lanes in recreational areas was parsed and analyzed in detail. Based on the collected data, design solutions were developed for different types of bicycle paths in the park. Layout schemes and design parameters were proposed for all types of routes. When solving the tasks such methods were used as: analysis and comparison of existing facilities, analysis of regulatory and methodological literature of different countries on the topic of work, synthesis of the identified optimal solutions and their refinement. The result of the work is a set of recommendations for the design of bicycle parks and the proposed concept of a park with bicycle infrastructure for different categories of residents, created considering the developed design solutions and recommendations. The concept of the park was developed on the example of Polezhaevsky Park, located in the city of St. Petersburg.The practical value of the work lies in the creation of recommendations for the improvement of the bicycle network in the parks. Design solutions presented in the dissertation can be used to design real objects and reduce the time of designing routes. Also, materials of the thesis can be used to update/create regulatory literature on the design of bicycle lanes in parks.

With rapid development of radar, radar engineering model is also evolving and transformed from threat-oriented development model to joint capability-based development model. From the perspective of system engineering, this paper proposes RTES radar engineering model including four components, involving in radar requirement development, radar technology innovation, radar engineering and radar engineering support. Future radar development trends are also described based on this model.

Engineering support of the natural and anthropogenic solid dust particles concentration measurement in the surface layer of the atmosphere implies the development and creation of a certain number of complex, but easy to manufacture and operate devices. The task takes on particular importance when considering dust as a means of transportation for various viruses and infections. The technical solutions we are considering boil down to the implementation of precision photometric measurements of light scattering by dust particles in liquid samples, the concentration of dust in which we increase to reliably measurable by photometry. The carried out research made it possible to formulate problems and propose solutions for a monitoring network. Technical solutions are implemented in working models and tested in urban dustiness of Tbilisi. (Abstract)

Currently, the growth of the first generation Internet of Things (IoT) system for low-end devices having less memory and infrastructure is challenged due to the lack of engineering support in terms of architecture, technology, hardware, privacy, security, and business. This paper discusses system engineering issues relevant in IoT processors and builds a case for exploring rough set as an approximate computing technique in next generation IoT hardware. The proposed approach has a potential of dealing with inconsistencies arising at layers in hardware infrastructure for IoT applications with a dominance at cloud and fog processing. The authors bring out a research direction in IoT as an engineering discipline with an emphasis on the impact of processor hardware extension.

PurposeAny XML schema definition can be organized according to one of the following design styles: “Russian Doll”, “Salami Slice”, “Venetian Blind” and “Garden of Eden” (with the additional “Bologna” style actually representing absence of style). Conversion from a design style to another can facilitate the reuse and exchange of schema specifications encoded using the XML schema language. Without any computer-aided engineering support, style conversions must be performed very carefully as they are difficult and error-prone operations. The purpose of this paper is to efficiently deal with such XML schema design style conversions.Design/methodology/approachA general approach, named StyleVolution, for automatic management of XML schema design style conversions, is proposed. StyleVolution is equipped with a suite of seven procedures: four for converting a valid XML schema from any other design style to the “Garden of Eden” style, which has been chosen as a normalized XML schema format, and three for converting from the “Garden of Eden” style to any of the other desired design styles.FindingsProcedures, algorithms and methods for XML schema design style conversions are presented. The feasibility of the approach has been shown through the encoding (using the XQuery language) and the testing (with the Altova XMLSpy 2019 tool) of a suite of seven ready-to-use procedures. Moreover, four test procedures are provided for checking the conformance of a given input XML schema to a schema design style.Originality/valueThe proposed approach implements a new technique for efficiently managing XML schema design style conversions, which can be used to make any given XML schema file to conform to a desired design style.

The ability to effectively analyse design concepts is essential for making early stage design decisions. Human evaluations, the most common assessment method, describe individual design concepts on a variety of ideation metrics. However, this approach falls short in creating a holistic representation of the design space as a whole that informs the underlying relations between concepts. Motivated by this shortcoming, this work leverages network theory to visualize and characterize features of a conceptual design space. To illustrate the utility of network theory for these purposes, a network composed of a corpus of solutions to a design problem and their semantic similarity is derived, and its design properties (e.g., uniqueness and innovation potential) are studied. This network-based approach not only characterizes features of individual designs themselves, but also uncovers more nuanced properties of the design space through studying emerging clusters of concepts. Overall, this work expands on developing research in design, demonstrating the value in applying network analytics to a conceptual design space as an engineering support tool to aid design decision-making.

The purpose of this paper is to present the concepts of deploying engineer troops in military operations in the late 1970s and early 1980s, on the basis of the publications contained in the classified Myśl Wojskowa journal. The publications concerned the main tasks of engineer troops in basic tactical operations, including in particular those consisting in crossing water obstacles or establishing barrier minefields in that period. The article analyses also the needs of engineer troops in the discussed period and describes the basic principles of using this type of arms for performing engineering tasks. Furthermore, the attention is drawn to the wide use of engineer troops in that period, which were responsible, to a considerable extent, for providing support for the fighting elements, including in particular armoured and mechanised units.

In a tunnel, instabilities in the surrounding rock mostly occur within the sidewalls and crown. After acquiring the rock mass structure, a combination of laboratory experiments, numerical simulations, and in situ monitoring data can permit a more reasonable stability analysis of the surrounding rock and engineering support design to ensure a safer engineering project. To overcome the shortcomings (e.g., inefficiency, high labor costs, and safety risks) of traditional methods for mapping the rock mass structures of the sidewalls and crowns of tunnels, this study proposes a safe, rapid, and efficient method that can acquire a 3D digital elevation model (DEM) of the sidewalls and crown of a tunnel and the corresponding rock mass structures by using digital photogrammetry (DP). The proposed method was then tested in an engineering tunnel. Error analysis of check points and discontinuity orientations showed that the errors were within a reasonable range. The method was further applied to traffic tunnel #1 of the China Jinping Underground Laboratory Phase II (CJPL-II), and the spatial coordinates and orientations of the joints were obtained. A 3D quasi-deterministic discrete model was subsequently established by converting the coordinates and orientations of the joints from a geological coordinate system to a local coordinate system in discrete element software. The quasi-deterministic model was then used to confirm that the joint persistence has an important influence on the stability of the surrounding rock of a tunnel and, thus, affects the support installation. Finally, the joint persistence value was determined by the size of the onsite unstable block. The results of this study provide a reference for the design, construction, and support of similar deep-buried jointed hard rock tunnels.

Considering the demand of performance test of infrared spectral imaging equipment, as the key indicator, the 3-D noise model of noise equivalent temperature difference is analyzed. The seven components and their meanings are presented. A test algorithm based on standard deviation of NETD is put forward. The paper shows the composing and principle of the detection system, and introduces the computational procedure and detection process of NETD. The test algorithm is verified by experiments. According to the comparison with the imported equipment, the test results have good duplication and high precision. The test system has been applied to the performance test for several kinds of infrared spectral imaging equipment, which meets the demand of engineering support.

The article considers the scale of unfinished construction of apartment houses built with the attraction of funds of citizens- participants of share construction, preconditions of formation of problematic situations, its town-planning, social and technical aspects. In conditions of market economy and reduction of the role of state regulation in the construction industry the probability of failures in the financing of construction, in material and technical support and preparation of permit and technical documentation increased. Despite the current legal regulation in the field of shared ownership construction (214- FZ, etc.) in practice sometimes arise difficult problematic social and urban situations affecting the interests of a large number of "affected citizens" who have to wait for 5, 10, 15 years or more for the completion of construction or to get compensation payments when the completion was impossible. The article shows that the last legislative changes presuppose individual approaches to the completion of the problematic objects with the use of "engineering support" which should provide administrative barriers lowering, acceleration, and cost optimization for the object completion and the solution of the developed socially-conflict situations. The goals and objectives of "engineering support" are considered as a tool for justification, adoption, and implementation of urban planning and technical solutions in this area. It is proposed to create a specialized regulatory and methodological framework of "engineering support" for completion of problematic objects. The article is a survey that characterizes an actual interdisciplinary problem and does not refer to any particular sphere of construction activity, for example, investment- financial, town-planning or technology of construction production, but includes all these directions, orienting them to an understanding of the significance of social result - overcoming of quite recurrent problematic situations within the existing legal field by methods of engineering support.

In the aerospace industry, thin-layer composites are increasingly used for load-bearing structures. When designing such composite structures, particular attention must be paid to the development of an appropriate geometric form of the structure to increase the structure’s load capacity and reduce the possibility of a loss of stability and harmful aeroelastic phenomena. For this reason, the use of knowledge-based engineering support methods is complicated. Software was developed to propose and quickly evaluate a thin-layer load-bearing structure using generative modeling methods to facilitate development of the initial concept of an aerospace load-bearing structure. Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis verifies and improves such structures. The most important contributions of the paper are a methodology for automating the design of ultralight and highly flexible aircraft structures with the use of generative modelling, proposing and verifying the form of generative models for selected fragments of the structure, especially wings, and integration of the use of generative models for iterative improvement of structures using low- and middle-fidelity methods of numerical verification.

The development and dissemination of practical additive technologies applications have become a significant trend in technology development in various activity fields. Medical engineering is one of the industries where such technologies already have a tangible effect and will become even greater in the future, especially in the manufacture of customized implants. In many cases, customized implants provide the patient with a quality of life that other solutions cannot offer. Simultaneously, the correct application of medical engineering solutions in this area requires enhanced engineering support. The point here is not about the optimal modes of implant formation but the engineering support system for decisions at every step from the initial condition analysis to surgery. So far, considerable practical experience has been gained, and many publications have appeared describing individual case implementation. Simultaneously, there is a lack of publications that would give an idea of the wide range of possibilities for using additive technologies in creating customized implants and their entire system of engineering support. This paper’s results are based on the authors’ own practical experience, implemented based on the Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering at the Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine.

The new scientific discoveries that will be made by MeerKAT are both exciting and unknown. However, it is precisely the unknown that carries the most risk, and requires scientific software development strategies to help mitigate these risks. Additionally, MeerKAT, like other large telescopes, is a complex instrument that entered a phase of parallel science-observation/engineering-development soon after initial commissioning. This adds to the burden of the observational software development, requiring not only scientific observations, but also engineering support. All of which must be achieved in a robust implementation that can be rapidly updated with minimal programming, remain maintainable and evolve seamlessly without interrupting the telescope science operations. Through an evolutionary process, starting with the KAT-7 prototype, modular software libraries have been developed for MeerKAT, making it easy to implement the higher level AstroKAT observation framework to accommodate the MeerKAT operational needs. This modular implementation enabled AstroKAT to support both science and engineering observations transparently, by extending the operational code base to adapt functionality depending on the system-level libraries it finds available. The result of this is a single, configurable, software implementation that can be used all the way from the observation planning phase up to executing observation scripts on the MeerKAT telescope live system.

The regional aspects of the quality of life of the population of the city of Sayansk in the Irkutsk region are analyzed. Studies have revealed the dependence of the quality of life of the population in mono-city on the activities of the city-forming enterprise, which is a part of the Sayan industrial unit, consisting of the leading company "Sayanskkhimplast", a thermal power plant and enterprises of the construction industry. During the construction of the Sayan industrial hub and the city, the created common engineering support system determined a high degree of development of communal infrastructure in terms of centralization of water supply, heat supply, and sewage. The existing infrastructural capabilities make it possible to more actively use the status of the territory of priority social and economic development in a mono-city, contributing to the implementation of measures to diversify the economy through the development of agricultural production. Realizing the possibilities of sports and water tourism, further development of improvement with the preservation of accepted traditions of urban landscaping. In general, the existing efficiency of the city-forming enterprise can significantly contribute to a positive impact on the quality of life of citizens. Recommendations are given on improving the quality of life of the population and the rational and efficient use of the territory. It can significantly contribute to improving the quality of life of the population and, in turn, lead to a positive dynamics in its number.

Optimal selection of resources for a Cyber-Physical Production System (CPPS) has a strong potential to reduce the cost of producing product families. Unfortunately, engineers rarely have specific methods and tools to represent their expert knowledge for applying mathematical optimization approaches. Representing this knowledge requires capabilities to model the dependencies between products, production processes, resources, skills, and their variability. In this paper, we provide these capabilities and focus on improving CPPS resource selection by defining aggregated requirements of a set of similar processes for resources. We illustrate the industrial use case Car Body with Screwed-on Parts on defining requirements for resource candidates suitable for a set of screwing process variants. We introduce the Product-Process-Resource-Skill & Variability (PPRS+V) method for consistently designing aggregated Product-Process-Resource (PPR) skills required for optimal CPPS resource selection as foundation for engineering support. We introduce the Skill Aggregation algorithm to efficiently aggregate the skills for a process step required to produce a product family. In an initial feasibility study, domain experts found the PPRS+V method and the Skill Aggregation algorithm usable and useful.

Despite all of the power that machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) models bring to applications, much of AI development is currently a fairly ad hoc process. Software engineering and AI development share many of the same languages and tools, but AI development as an engineering practice is still in early stages. Mining software repositories of AI models enables insight into the current state of AI development. However, much of the relevant metadata around models are not easily extractable directly from repositories and require deduction or domain knowledge. This paper presents a library called AIMMX that enables simplified AI Model Metadata eXtraction from software repositories. The extractors have five modules for extracting AI model-specific metadata: model name, associated datasets, references, AI frameworks used, and model domain. We evaluated AIMMX against 7,998 open-source models from three sources: model zoos, arXiv AI papers, and state-of-the-art AI papers. Our platform extracted metadata with 87% precision and 83% recall. As preliminary examples of how AI model metadata extraction enables studies and tools to advance engineering support for AI development, this paper presents an exploratory analysis for data and method reproducibility over the models in the evaluation dataset and a catalog tool for discovering and managing models. Our analysis suggests that while data reproducibility may be relatively poor with 42% of models in our sample citing their datasets, method reproducibility is more common at 72% of models in our sample, particularly state-of-the-art models. Our collected models are searchable in a catalog that uses existing metadata to enable advanced discovery features for efficiently finding models.