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Arrojadoa flava is described on the basis of living collections and herbarium specimens. The new species is considered endemic to the Brazilian Caatinga (Municipality of Ibitiara, Bahia State). Comments on its morphology in comparison with the similar taxa, as well as geographical distribution, phenology, habitat, conservation status, and original photographs are provided. In terms of conservation, it was assessed according to IUCN criteria as Data Deficient (DD).

Thismia mantiqueirensis Engels & E.C.Smidt sp nov. (Figures 1–2) Type: — BRAZIL. São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Subdistrito de São Francisco Xavier, Serra da Mantiqueira, fl. and fr., 13 February 2020, E. Muscat & M.T. Moroti s/n (Holotype MBM 436.311!, Isotype UPCB! [spirit]). Similar to Thismia glaziovii Pouslen, but it differs by floral tube without fovea at the base, the tepals with pilose lamellae irregularly distributed at the adaxial surface; obovate shortest tepals, comparatively larger; and by the anthers with an entire and rounded apex. Description:— Herb 4.3–12 cm tall. Roots 1–3.5 cm long, filiform, white. Tuber 6–8 × 4 mm, cylindric, brown. Stem 3.7–11.6 × 0,1–0,15 cm, sub-cylindric, longitudinally bisulcate, white to white-brownish. Leaves 3–4, 2.5–4 × 1.5–2.5 mm, scale-like, verticillated right below the flowers, cucullate, oblanceolate to obovate, acute base, entire margins, apse obtuse to rounded, white. Flower 14–25 × 9–11 mm, actinomorphy, campanulate, sessile; ovary 2–3 × 3 mm, conical, white with blue base and brown-orange stripes; placentation parietal, inserted near the base to half way up the ovary; flower tube 7–8 × 10–11 mm, conical, smoothly pilose, orange with blue base; upper disc of the floral tube adorned with six V-shaped calluses, blue with orange calluses; tepals in two distinct morphologies (3+3), inserted all at the same height in the distal portion of the flower tube, smoothly pilose in both surfaces; adaxial surface with irregularly distributed lamellae; lamellae 0.5–0.7 mm, laminate, pilose; shortest tepals ca. 4 × 3.5 mm, laminar, obovate, base acute, entire margin, apex rounded-obtuse, orange; longest tepals 7–8 × 2.5 mm, large-ovate, base truncate, entire margin, apex long apiculate, orange; apiculate of inner tepals 10–18 mm comp., filiform, acute, paleorange; and annulus ca. 1 mm diam. in the centre of the upper disc of the floral tube, rounded, margins thickened, orange. Anther ca. 2,5 × 1 mm, apex rounded, flattened, pair of auricles at the base of thecae; auricles ca. 1.5 mm long, oblong-filiform, incurved in natural position; filament ca. 1 mm length, oblong. Stigma 2,5–3 × 2–2,5 mm, capitate, ovate to rounded, trilobed, pale orange. Fruit ca. 4 × 5 mm, cup-shaped, margins thickened, stripes smoothly carinate, white with margins and stripes pale brown-orange; not etiolated. Distribution and ecology: —Known only in the type locality, Toca do Muriqui, in the São Francisco Xavier sub-district, São José dos Campos municipality, São Paulo state. São Francisco Xavier is located in the Mantiqueira mountains, characterised by typical Atlantic Forest formations (750 to 2,000 m a.s.l.), with patches of rocky outcrops and many rocky streams. The region has seasonal climate variations, with the dry season occurring from April to August (average temperature in July is 15.5˚C) and the wet season between September and March (average temperature in January is 21.6˚C) (climate-data.org 2022). It is possible the species only occurs in cloud and altitude montane forests, at about 1,200 m above sea level. During the rainy season, it was possible to see some flowering individuals in the leaf litter near tree roots. Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the Mantiqueira mountains, where the species was discovered. Conservation status: —According to the IUCN criteria (2017), Thismia mantiqueirensis could be assessed as Data Deficient (DD). Known only from one collection, it needs more sampling focus, which may result in the finding of more populations in different localities, increasing knowledge of the actual conservation status of this new species. The trail where the plant was found is frequently used for ecotourism, which can lead to problems for the conservation of the species. Taxonomic discussion: — Thismia mantiqueirensis belongs to Thismia Griffith (1845: 221) subgen. Ophiomeris (Miers 1847: 328) Maas et al. (1986: 145) sect. Ophiomeris due to the presence of a tuberous stem with several filiform roots; a longitudinally bisulcate stem with leaves condensed in the distal portion and juxtaposed to the flower; shortest and longest tepals distinct from each other but arranged at only one whorl at the top of the floral tube; trilobed capitate stigma; anther with filiform filaments; and by parietal placentation. Despite the classification in the section Ophiomeris, the new species has the stamens with an entire and rounded apex (not 2-lobed), and the absence of interstaminal lobes, as described in this section. Thismia mantiqueirensis is similar to T. glaziovii Pouslen (1889: 549) due to its campanulate flowers and an infundibuliform tube with an ornamented disc. It can be distinguished by the absence of internal fovea at the base of the floral tube (vs. with fovea); internal and external tepals with hairy lamellae irregularly oriented on the adaxial surface (vs. six continuous thickened lamella forming a disc or a long segmented disc); shorter obovoid tepals, developed, ca. 4 mm long (vs. deltoid, poorly developed, ca. 0.5–2 mm long); inter-staminal lobes absent (vs. absent or present) and by the anthers with entire and rounded apex (vs. bilobed apex with acute lobes). Thismia itatiaiensis Brade (1943: 47) was described from fruiting material collected in Itatiaia, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Later, Brade (1946: 41) amended this name with a flowering specimen from the same place, comparing and differentiating it from T. glaziovii for presenting the upper disc of the floral tube as almost smooth and not crested (i.e. smooth-ribbed), by the scaled appendages of the perianth, presence of inter-staminal lobes and by the capitate stigma. These distinctive features were considered and included as variations of T. glaziovii by Maas et al. (1986). Thismia mantiquirense differs from the Itatiaia’s material by floral tube without fovea at the base (vs. with fovea); the tepals with pilose lamellae irregularly distributed at the adaxial surface (vs. six continuous thickened lamella forming a disc or along segmented disc); an upper disc of the floral tube adorned with six V-shaped calluses (vs. with smooth-ribbed); obovate shortest tepals, comparatively larger (vs. deltoid, poorly developed, ca. 1 mm long); interstaminal lobes absent (vs. present) and by the anthers with an entire and rounded apex (vs. bilobed apex with acute lobes). Thismia hyalina (Miers 1866: 474) Bentham & Hooker ex Mueller (1891: 234) was the only species known for the state of São Paulo (Maas-van de Kamer & Maas 2016, Flora e Funga do Brasil 2022). Thismia mantiqueirensis can be distinguished from T. hyalina by the expressive presence of filiform roots in the tuberous stem (vs. tubers with few roots); campanulate flowers (vs. erect flowers); tepals inserted at the same height of the floral tube, both laminar (vs. inserted in two distinct series, the external tepals cylindrical and filiform); stigma capitate (vs. elliptical with acute and ascending lobes); and by non-etiolated fruit (vs. etiolated).

Engels, Mathias Erich, Silva, Celice Alexandre, Koch, Ana Kelly (2021): The entity of the enigmatic Hoehne's Sobralia cataractarum (Orchidaceae) clarified. Phytotaxa 525 (3): 247-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.525.3.8

Vanilla ribeiroi Hoehne (1910: 28). Figs 1���3. Type:��� BRAZIL, Mato Grosso: locality not specified, Jaur�� River, XI.1908, fl., F . C. Hoehne 997 (holotype: R-2512!, illustration!). Epitype (here designated): BRAZIL, Mato Grosso: Ita��ba, Teles Pires River, 24.XII.2019, fl., M . E. Engels 7771 (MBM!, UFMT!, UPCB-spirit!, RB!). Hemi-epiphyte. Roots 1���2 mm diameter, terete, whitish-castaneous. Stem 5���7 mm diameter, terete to subterete, flexuous, glabrous, green; internodes 10.8���13.6 cm long. Leaves (4.9)-7.9���11.7 �� (1.1)- 1.5���1.9 cm, fleshy, straitlanceolate to linear-lanceolate, entire margin, acute apex, reflexed, green. Inflorescence racemose, 2.2���2.6 �� 0.4- 0.5 cm, 4���9-flowered, green; bracts 3���8 �� 3���8 mm, deltoid, obtuse, green. Flower resupinate, pedicellate; ovary and pedicel ca. 2.9 �� 0.3 cm, terete, white with green apex, sepals and petals white; dorsal sepals 4.0���4.1 �� 1.1 cm, oblanceolate, acute base, entire margin, obtuse apex; lateral sepals 3.1���3.5 �� 1.1���1.3 cm, oblanceolate, acute base, entire margin, obtuse apex; petals 3.6���3.9 �� 1.1���1.3 cm, oblanceolate, sub-rounded base, entire margin, obtuse apex; lip 3.8���3.9 �� 3.6���3.8 cm, obovate in general ambit, trilobed, white with lobes and trichomes orange-yellowish; base inconspicuously pilose; lateral lobes ca. 1.0 �� 1.4���1.5 cm, oblanceolate, undulate and irregular margin; central lobe ca. 1.6 �� 0.3���0.4 mm, wide-rounded, undulate and irregular margin, emarginate apex; central disc with trichomes, trichomes 1���4 mm long., simple to multifurcated, with a papillose surface (in fresh material); callus penicillate 4���5 �� 4 mm, obdeltoid. Column 2.6-2.7 �� 0.25-0.3 cm, subclaviform, ventral portion slightly flattened and papillose. Anther ca. 3 �� 3 mm, subrounded to subobovate; stigma ca. 1 �� 1 mm, subquadrate; rostellum ca. 2 �� 3 mm, wide-rounded. Fruits 8.1���15 �� 0.5���0.7 cm, oblong, terete, dehiscent along two lines when mature, green; inconspicuous vanilline scent. Seeds black. Other specimens examined: ��� BRAZIL, Mato Grosso: Ita��ba, Teles Pires River, 28.VII.2016, fr., M . E. Engels & A. S. Bezerra 4715 (MBM); idem, 24.XII.2019, fl., M . E. Engels 7771 (MBM, UFMT, UPCB-spirit, RB). Par��: Altamira, 10. I.2020, fl. [photo] and fr., M. E. Engels & D. Chiracava 7743 (MBM). Distribution, habitat, and phenology: ���This species has previously only been recorded in Brazil, in the Mato Grosso State (BFG 2015, 2018, Flora do Brasil 2020). Its range is here extended to the Par�� State. The species was found in paludose riparian forests, usually reaching 3 to 4 meters in height. Flowering has been observed from November to December, with immature fruits in January and mature fruits in July. Conservation status: ��� Vanilla ribeiroi was initially collected in 1908, being rediscovered in Brazil after 100 years. According to the categories and criteria of IUCN (2001) the species is Critically Endangered in the country (CR [B1ab(iii) + B2ab(iii)]) due to its restricted distribution, the decrease and fragmentation of the natural environment where it occurs, and for being known only by few samples. Discussion:��� Vanilla ribeiroi was described based on a sample collected by Dr. Alipio de Miranda Ribeiro at Jaur�� river margins, in Mato Grosso State, and taken to the botanist Frederico Carlos Hoehne during the Rondon Commission (Hoehne 1910, 1945, 1951). That specimen was then illustrated, described and named in honor of its collector. The materials collected and herborized during the Commission were mostly accessioned at the National Museum Herbarium ��� Herbarium R (Hoehne 1951), where the holotype of V. ribeiroi was deposited, being composed of a single stem with two leaves, one inflorescence, and one flower (figure 3A). The original description (Hoehne 1910) includes an illustration comprising only the habit with a general flower view, without the flower structures distended (figure 3C). The species was later fully illustrated in Flora Bras��lica (Hoehne 1945), with the flower structures distended (figure 3D). It is likely that Hoehne originally had not distended and assembled the only flower in the herborized specimen, but did so later to prepare the illustration of Flora Bras��lica. The flower verticils of the holotype are in a considerable state of degradation, especially the lip. This may explain the discrepancies found when comparing the original illustrations and the one in Flora Bras��lica, mainly concerning the lip and trichomes. We note the need for a complementary sample to assist future identifications and thus designate an eiptype of V. ribeiroi (M.E. Engels 7771) here (figure 3B). Hoehne (1910, 1945, and 1951) was very specific in his comments about some features of this species, especially regarding the narrowly-lanceolate leaves, the white flowers, and the central disc of the lip with yellow trichomes (= fimbriae), trichomes covered with fimbriae (called here as papillae) and fringed lip margin. These are diagnostic for V. ribeiroi and help to distinguish it from morphologically similar species (Table 1). When analyzing the type material along with the protologue, as well as Hoehne���s comments, the name Vanilla ribeiroi can be safely applied. However, it became apparent that the name has been misapplied to specimens from Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana (Householder et al. 2010, Soto Arenas & Cribb 2010, Sambin 2018, Barona et al. 2019). The record for Peru (Householder et al. 2010) corresponds to V. karen-christianae Karremans & Lehmann (2018: 305) as noted by Damian & Janovic (2018) and Karremans et al. (2020), while the record for Guiana (Sambin 2018), most likely corresponds to V. labellopapillata Koch et al. (2013: 975). Recently, Barona et al. (2019) reported the occurrence of V. ribeiroi for Colombia, nevertheless, the voucher is a fruited sample and we are unable to confirm its identity. The collections cited by Soto Arenas & Cribb (2010) were not found in digital databases of the cited herbariums. Given the issues regarding the application of this name, we cannot confirm the presence of V. ribeiroi outside of Brazil., Published as part of Engels, Mathias Erich & Koch, Ana Kelly, 2021, Vanilla ribeiroi Hoehne (Orchidaceae: Vanilloideae): notes on taxonomy and geographical distribution, pp. 99-106 in Phytotaxa 490 (1) on pages 100-102, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.490.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/5757763, {"references":["Hoehne, F. C. (1910) Historia natural: Botanica. Parte I: Bromeliaceas, Pontederiaceas, Liliaceas, Amaryllidaceas, Iridaceas, Orchidaceas, Aristolochiaceas, Droseraceas e Passifloraceas. Comissao de Linhas Telegraphicas e Estrategicas de Matto Grosso ao Amazonas, Rio de Janeiro. 71 pp.","BFG (The Brazil Flora Group) (2015) Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed plants diversity in Brazil. Rodriguesia 66: 1085 - 1113.","BFG (The Brazil Flora Group) (2018) Brazilian Flora 2020: Innovation and collaboration to meet Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Rodriguesia 69: 1513 - 1527. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2175 - 7860201869402","Flora do Brasil 2020 em contrucao (2020) Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / (accessed 15 February 2021)","IUCN. (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / technical-documents / red-list-documents (accessed 10 August 2016)","Hoehne, F. C. (1945) Orchidaceae. Flora Brasilica. Vol. 12 (2). Secretaria de Agricultura Industria e Comercio, Sao Paulo, 389 pp.","Hoehne, F. C. (1951) Indice bibliografico e numerico das plantas colhidas pela Comissao Rondou ou Comissao de linhas telegraficas, estrategicas de Mato-Grosso ao Amazonas, de 1908 ate 1923. Instituto de Botanica de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo. 400 pp.","Householder, E., Janovec, J., Mozambite, A. B., Maceda, J. H., Wells, J. & Valega, R. (2010) Diversity, natural history, and conservation of Vanilla (Orchidaceae) in Amazonian wetlands of Madre de Dios, Peru. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 4: 227 - 243.","Soto Arenas, M. A. & Cribb, P. (2010) A new infrageneric classification and synopsis of the genus Vanilla Plum. ex Mill. (Orchidaceae: Vanillinae). Lankesteriana 9: 355 - 398. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / LANK. V 0 I 0.12071","Sambin, A. (2018) Contribution a l'inventaire de la flore d'Orchidaceae de Guyane 1 - Cypripedioideae, Vanilloideae, Epidendroideae (Angraecinae et Oncidiinae). Richardiana 2: 152 - 165.","Karremans, A. & Lehmann, C. P. (2018) A Highly Threatened New Species of Vanilla From Costa Rica. Lindleyana 87: 304 - 307.","Karremans, A. P., Chinchilla, I. F., Rojas-Alvarado, G., Cedeno-Fonseca, M. Damian, A. & Leotard. L. (2020) A reappraisal of Neotropical Vanilla. With a note on taxonomic inflation and the importance of alpha taxonomy in biological studies. Lankesteriana 20: 395 - 497. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / lank. v 20 i 3.45203","Koch, A. K., Fraga, C. N., Santos, J. U. M. & Ilkiu-Borges, A. L. (2013) Taxonomic notes on Vanilla (Orchidaceae) in the Brazilian Amazon, and the Description of a New Species. Systematic Botany 38: 975 - 981. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364413 X 674706"]}

Engels, Mathias Erich, Koch, Ana Kelly (2021): Vanilla ribeiroi Hoehne (Orchidaceae: Vanilloideae): notes on taxonomy and geographical distribution. Phytotaxa 490 (1): 99-106, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.490.1.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.490.1.9

Engels, Mathias Erich, Smidt, Eric De Camargo (2021): A new Sarcoglottis (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae) from the southern Brazilian Amazon. Phytotaxa 487 (2): 171-176, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.487.2.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.2.8

Sarcoglottis matogrossensis Engels & E.C.Smidt sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2) Type:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Nova Canaã do Norte, Teles Pires River, UHE Colíder, 18 August 2018, [fl.], M . E. Engels, T. A. Silva & W. Monteiro 6617 (holotype MBM, isotype RB). Diagnosis:— The new species is morphologically similar to S. metallica but can be distinguished by the discolored-green leaves, that may or may not be variegated with white spots, flowering that occurs when the leaves have become senescent, and petals with apices conspicuously free, acute, and reflexed. Description:— Humicolous and saxicolous, acaulescent herbs. Roots 2–5 mm long, appearing fasciculate, thick, cylindrical, hairy. Leaves 13.6–22.2 × 2.4–5.2 cm, narrowly elliptical to oblanceolate, discoloured-green, that may or may not be variegated with white spots, attenuating towards the base, margin entire, apex obtuse to acute. Inflorescence up to ca. 50 cm long, racemose, erect, 1–8-flowered; peduncle 19.2–40.9 × 0.3–0.5 cm, cylindrical, pubescent, greenish-brown; rachis 4.5–10.2 × 0.2–0.3 cm, cylindrical, pubescent, greenish-brown to brown; peduncle bracts 3.2–4.4 × 0.2–0.6 cm, narrowly triangular to narrowly elliptical, glabrous, greenish-brown, entire margin, acute apex; floral bracts 1.5–2.6 × 0.2–0.3 cm, narrowly lanceolate, glabrous, greenish-brown, entire margin, acute apex. Flowers resupinated; pedicellate ovary 2.8–3.2 × 0.4–0.6 cm, pubescent, green; dorsal sepal 1.4–1.7 × 0.3–0.4 cm, elliptical, concave, cuneate at base, margin entire, acute and recurved apex, pubescent adaxial face, light green with three darkergreen veins; lateral sepals 3.2–3.8 × 0.4–0.5 cm, falcate, decurrent in the ventral portion of the ovary, approximately 1/3 basal-connate, light green, pubescent adaxial face, portion free lanceolate, entire margin, acute apex; petals 1.2–1.4 × 0.2 cm, sub-sigmoid, elliptical in the general view, proximal margin internally adnate to the dorsal sepal in ca. 2/3 of the length, free proximal margin ciliated in ca. 2/3 of the length, acute apex, curved in a natural position, light green with three darker-green veins; lip 3.0–3.4 × 0.5–0.7 cm, spatulate in overview; narrowly oblanceolate, greenish-white; nectar glands ca. 0.5 cm long., narrowly ellipsoids, light green; apical lobe 4–5 × 5–7 mm, broadly oval, rounded base, entire margin, obtuse and apiculate apex, light green to yellowish-green with darker-green veins. Column 1–1.2 × 0.3 cm, flattened ventrally, glabrous, whitish; rostellum ca. 2 × 2 mm, sub-deltoid, truncated. Anther ca. 4 × 2 mm, elliptical, brownish-white. Stigma bilobed; elliptical, and confluent lobes; ca. 2 × 1 mm, whitish. Pollinarium with two elliptical-oblanceolate, whitish pollinia, ca. 4–5 × 1 mm; viscidium ca. 1 × 1 mm, transversely ellipsoid, dark brown. Fruits not seen. Additional material examined (Paratypes):— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Colíder, 17 August 2017, [fl.], M . E. Engels 5666 (MBM). Nova Canaã do Norte, Teles Pires River, UHE Colíder, 03 August 2019, [fl.], M . E. Engels 7338 (MBM). Discussion: — The architecture of the inflorescence, shape of the leaves and floral morphology of S. matogrossensis are reminiscent of S. maroaënsis (Romero-González et al. 2010: 514), S. amazonica and S. metallica. However, it can be distinguished by the light green, discoloured leaves that may or may not be variegated with white spots (vs. reddish, brownish, or chocolate-purplish with irregular, bright green spots on the adaxial surface and homogeneously purplishred on the abaxial surface); the flowering which occurs after the senescence of the leaves (vs. fresh leaves present at flowering); and by the petals with apices conspicuously free, acute and reflexed (vs. adhering to the dorsal sepal nearly to the apex, obtuse, and straight). From S. maroaënsis specifically, it can also be distinguished by the glabrous lip (vs. rugose thickening near the apex of the apical lobe and extending to the apex of the central portion of the lip) and the apical lobe with an entire margin (vs. crenate and plicate). With the recently described S. neillii (Salazar et al. 2019), S. matogrossensis shares the floral structure and predominantly green leaves. The latter can be easily distinguished by the narrowly elliptical to oblanceolate leaves (vs. elliptical to ovate) that are proportionally larger (13.6–22.2 vs. 5−13 cm long.), by the petals with apices conspicuously free, acute, and reflexed (vs. adherent internally to the dorsal sepal except at their little free recurved apices, obtuse and sometimes obscurely apiculate); and flowering occurs after the senescence of the leaves (vs. fresh leaves present at flowering). Distribution, habitat, and phenology:— Sarcoglottis matogrossensis occurs as a saxicolous or humicolous plant in the stony soil and between the rocky outcrops of the understory of seasonal evergreen forest, in the Amazon Biome of the north-central region of the Mato Grosso state, at around 200–300 m of elevation. Flowering occurs during the dry season, in August and September. Etymology:—The specific epithet refers to the Mato Grosso state, where the species was discovered. Conservation status:—According to the IUCN (2017) criteria, Sarcoglottis matogrossensis qualifies as Data Deficient (DD). The two localities, where the new species was found, are separated by only ca. 30 km. The habitat is highly fragmented, and the two populations consist of less than ten individuals each. Deforestation and climate change are a major threat to Amazonian Biome (Gomes et al. 2019). This is especially problematic in the Mato Grosso state, where the rate of illegal deforestation is very high. Recent reports suggest that between August 2016 and July 2017, illegal logging affected more than 60.000 hectares of forests (Silgueiro et al. 2019). There are no studies of the impact on the herbaceous diversity, but without a forest canopy, the understory plants are likely threatened. Due to the low botanical coverage in the Mato Grosso state, further fieldwork is required to verify the presence of other populations of this species.

Resumo Devido à existência de lacunas sobre o conhecimento do gênero Coryanthes no Mato Grosso, é apresentado o estudo taxonômico das espécies encontradas no estado, além de comentários taxonômicos, ecológicos e históricos. Registramos a ocorrência de quatro espécies do gênero: C. speciosa redescoberta após 87 anos das expedições de Frederico Carlos Hoehne na área; C. dasilvae e C. macrantha novos registros para a região Centro-Oeste do Brasil e C. wenzeliana descrita recentemente, conhecida até então apenas pelo exemplar tipo. Durante esse estudo também foi constatado que o tipo de C. macrantha foi destruído, sendo um lectótipo designado aqui. Abstract Due to knowledge gaps on the genus Coryanthes from the state of Mato Grosso, is provided a taxonomic study of the species from the state, including ecological, historical and taxonomic comments. Four species of the genus are treated: C. speciosa rediscovered in the state after 87 years of Frederico Carlos Hoehne's expeditions; C. dasilvae and C. macrantha new records to the Central-Western region of Brazil and C. wenzeliana recently described species, known only from the type specimen. During this study we also discovered that the type of C. macrantha was destroyed, and a lectotype for this name was designed here.

Resumo A subtribo Goodyerinae é constituída por 32 gêneros e 744 espécies, ocorrendo tanto no Novo quanto no Velho Mundo. Está representada no Novo Mundo por três gêneros nativos, dois dos quais ocorrem no Brasil: Aspidogyne e Microchilus. No estado do Paraná foi constatada a ocorrência destes dois gêneros, com um total de 16 espécies nativas. Também foi registrada a ocorrência de Zeuxine strateumatica, espécie exótica invasora de origem asiática. Três espécies são consideradas criticamente em perigo (CR), sete em perigo (EN), três são vulneráveis (VU) e três não são consideradas em risco de extinção (LC). Aspidogyne schlechteriana é sinonimizada sob A. bidentifera e A. serripetala é restabelecida com táxon autonomo. São apresentados uma chave de identificação para as espécies, descrições morfológicas, comentários, estado de conservação e ilustrações dos táxons estudados. Abstract The subtribe Goodyerinae comprises 32 genera and 744 species, occurring in both New and Old World. It is represented in the New World by three native genera, two of which occur in Brazil: Aspidogyne and Microchilus. In Paraná State, the reports indicated the occurence of these two genera, with a total of 16 native species. Was also recorded the occurrence of Zeuxine strateumatica, exotic invasive species of Asiatic origin. Three species are considered critically endangered (CR), seven are endangered (EN), three are vulnerable (VU) and three are not considered at risk of extinction (LC). Aspidogyne schlechteriana is synonymized under A. bidentifera and A. serripetala is restabliched with autonomous taxon. An artificial key to the species is presented, as well as morphological descriptions, comments, conservation status, and illustrations of the taxa studied.

Resumo: A subtribo Goodyerinae ocorre nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais do Novo e Velho Mundo, sendo constituída por 32 gêneros e 744 espécies. No Velho Mundo ocorrem 29 gêneros e 510 espécies, e no Novo Mundo três gêneros e 234 espécies. No Brasil esta subtribo é constituída por 36 espécies nativas, em dois gêneros (Aspidogyne e Microchilus), além de Zeuxine strateumatica, espécie exótica de origem asiatica. Foi realizado o primeiro estudo taxonômico de Goodyerinae para o Estado do Paraná onde foi constatada a ocorrência de dois gêneros e 16 espécies nativas, sendo também registrada a ocorrência de Z. strateumatica, que até o presente momento era registrada para o estado de São Paulo. São apresentadas descrições, chave artificial de identificação, mapas de distribuição, ilustrações completas, o status de conservação e comentários de cada táxon estudado. Além do estudo taxonômico, foi realizado o estudo anatômico dos órgãos vegetativos de dez espécies de Goodyerinae, estas englobando todos os gêneros que ocorrem no Brasil. Até o presente momento não haviam informações anatômicas sobre as Goodyerinae. A constituição e organização anatômica dos órgãos vegetativos de Goodyerinae neotropicais são muito semelhantes, havendo pouca variação entre as espécies, deste modo são apresentadas: a descrição anatômica caracterizando os órgãos vegetativos da subtribo, pranchas fotográficas dos cortes anatômicos, bem como são discutidos os resultados encontrados.