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22 results on '"Engelhard, Ben"'

3. Choice-selective sequences dominate in cortical relative to thalamic inputs to NAc to support reinforcement learning

Author

Parker, Nathan F, Baidya, Avinash, Cox, Julia, Haetzel, Laura M, Zhukovskaya, Anna, Murugan, Malavika, Engelhard, Ben, Goldman, Mark S, and Witten, Ilana B

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Neurosciences, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Behavioral and Social Science, Mental Health, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, Neurological, Mental health, Animals, Mice, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Nucleus Accumbens, Reinforcement, Psychology, Thalamus, CP: Neuroscience, circuit modeling, imaging, learning, nucleus accumbens, optogenetics, prelimbic, reinforcement learning, thalamus, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Physiology, Biological sciences
Abstract

How are actions linked with subsequent outcomes to guide choices? The nucleus accumbens, which is implicated in this process, receives glutamatergic inputs from the prelimbic cortex and midline regions of the thalamus. However, little is known about whether and how representations differ across these input pathways. By comparing these inputs during a reinforcement learning task in mice, we discovered that prelimbic cortical inputs preferentially represent actions and choices, whereas midline thalamic inputs preferentially represent cues. Choice-selective activity in the prelimbic cortical inputs is organized in sequences that persist beyond the outcome. Through computational modeling, we demonstrate that these sequences can support the neural implementation of reinforcement-learning algorithms, in both a circuit model based on synaptic plasticity and one based on neural dynamics. Finally, we test and confirm a prediction of our circuit models by direct manipulation of nucleus accumbens input neurons.

Published
2022

11. Opponent control of behavior by dorsomedial striatal pathways depends on task demands and internal state

Author

Bolkan, Scott S., primary, Stone, Iris R., additional, Pinto, Lucas, additional, Ashwood, Zoe C., additional, Iravedra Garcia, Jorge M., additional, Herman, Alison L., additional, Singh, Priyanka, additional, Bandi, Akhil, additional, Cox, Julia, additional, Zimmerman, Christopher A., additional, Cho, Jounhong Ryan, additional, Engelhard, Ben, additional, Pillow, Jonathan W., additional, and Witten, Ilana B., additional

Published
2021
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21. Overlapping representations of food and social stimuli in VTA dopamine neurons.

Author

Willmore L, Minerva AR, Engelhard B, Murugan M, McMannon B, Oak N, Thiberge SY, Peña CJ, and Witten IB

Abstract

Dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA DA ) respond to food and social stimuli and contribute to both forms of motivation. However, it is unclear if the same or different VTA DA neurons encode these different stimuli. To address this question, we performed 2-photon calcium imaging in mice presented with food and conspecifics, and found statistically significant overlap in the populations responsive to both stimuli. Both hunger and opposite-sex social experience further increased the proportion of neurons that respond to both stimuli, implying that modifying motivation for one stimulus affects responses to both stimuli. In addition, single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed significant co-expression of feeding- and social-hormone related genes in individual VTA DA neurons. Taken together, our functional and transcriptional data suggest overlapping VTA DA populations underlie food and social motivation.

Published
2023
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22. Inducing γ oscillations and precise spike synchrony by operant conditioning via brain-machine interface.

Author

Engelhard B, Ozeri N, Israel Z, Bergman H, and Vaadia E

Subjects
Animals, Macaca fascicularis, Action Potentials physiology, Brain Waves physiology, Brain-Computer Interfaces, Conditioning, Operant physiology, Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization physiology
Abstract

Neural oscillations in the low-gamma range (30-50 Hz) have been implicated in neuronal synchrony, computation, behavior, and cognition. Abnormal low-gamma activity, hypothesized to reflect impaired synchronization, has been evidenced in several brain disorders. Thus, understanding the relations between gamma oscillations, neuronal synchrony and behavior is a major research challenge. We used a brain-machine interface (BMI) to train monkeys to specifically increase low-gamma power in selected sites of motor cortex to move a cursor and obtain a reward. The monkeys learned to robustly generate oscillatory gamma waves, which were accompanied by a dramatic increase of spiking synchrony of highly precise spatiotemporal patterns. The findings link volitional control of LFP oscillations, neuronal synchrony, and the behavioral outcome. Subjects' ability to directly modulate specific patterns of neuronal synchrony provides a powerful approach for understanding neuronal processing in relation to behavior and for the use of BMIs in a clinical setting., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2013
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