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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we use crip time to reflect on being left behind in relation to normative temporalities, based on our experiences of living with Energy Limiting Conditions (ELC) while at different career stages working within and in collaboration with UK academia. Chronic illness has a profound and long-lasting impact on people’s lives, and for many conditions there is currently no prospect of recovery. Living with ELC often demands careful pacing of activity; navigating spaces and institutional structures designed for ‘normative’ bodyminds often takes longer, leaving many of us out of sync with normative temporalities, and some of us excluded altogether. Crip time is an approach that recognizes that disability and chronic illness often involve reorientations in time and, like queer time, crip time also troubles ideas of productivity and of the future. In this paper, we use crip time to explore the ways in which we, as chronically ill academics, are left behind in a sector characterized by a drive to hyper-productivity. In so doing, we consider how academic normative temporalities leave behind those whose bodyminds work differently, and explore the possibilities crip time might offer to imagine more inclusive practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of modern Medicine, the connections between emotions and medical conditions have primarily been described through observational studies, where conclusions are drawn from correlations of observations rather than experimental research. Psychoanalytical theory has often been used to explain many common illnesses. This approach remains prevalent today. Interestingly, despite the wealth of information now available on the influence of emotions on health, the current divide between neurology and psychiatry, as well as the separation between mental health services and primary care, combined with the time constraints and physicians’ workload, have led to a fragmented approach to many disorders. In these cases, psychological and emotional factors play an important role but are often inadequately addressed. The objective of this paper is to analyse the existing evidence on the relationship between anger and health through a narrative review. The evidence and data presented point to the need for analytical studies based on scientific methodology to explore the relationship between anger and health, and particularly to adopt an integral health approach taking into account social determinants and the role of empathy among the healthcare professionals and clinical and social care. The prevention and treatment of problems related to the high prevalence and intensity of anger are particularly relevant, given the potential negative impact this emotion can have on patients’ physical and mental health, as well as their social adjustment and relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Drama Therapy Review is the property of Intellect Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. Describe the prevalence of obesity in adults from the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Survey 2020-2023 (Ensanut 2020-2023), its main sociodemographic characteristics, its association with chronic diseases, risk factors and the consumption of industrialized energetic beverages (IEB), as well as trends in the last 23 years, to contribute to the generation of evidence for the design of public health policies. Materials and methods. Information from 32 889 participants was analyzed to characterize the Mexican adult population by body mass index (BMI) groups and stratified by sociodemographic variables. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations of these groups with the variables of interest. The trend of BMI groups in the last six national surveys (2000-2023) was explored. Results. The prevalence of obesity in adults was 37.1% (41.0% women, 33.0% men). The percentage of energy coming from EIB was twice as high in men as in women (6.8 vs. 3.3%). Men in the highest quartile of percentage of energy coming from EIB were 2.29 times more likely to have obesity (p<0.05). There was a continuous and significant increase in the prevalence of obesity in the period 2000-2012, but between 2016-2023 no significant differences were observed (p>0.05). Conclusions. The national prevalence of obesity in adults showed an increase of 41.7% in the period 2000-2016. Starting in 2016, there was a stabilization of the trend. High EIB consumption increases the possibility of obesity. Interventions with a comprehensive and multisystemic vision are required that allow the prevention and control of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: En el marco de la implementación de estrategias de salud pública tendientes a detener el avance de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles de origen nutricional en Paraguay se ha reglamentado el contenido de sal (cloruro de sodio) en panificados. El Instituto Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición (INAN) realiza la vigilancia del contenido de sodio en panificados en el territorio nacional. Objetivo: Determinar la adecuación del contenido de sodio en panificados de consumo masivo, elaborados y comercializados en Paraguay, desde el 2014 al 2021. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte retrospectivo. Se utilizaron datos obtenidos como parte de la vigilancia realizada por el INAN a panificados de consumo masivo elaborados y comercializados a nivel nacional. Se analizó el sodio mediante el procedimiento AOAC 985.35., y se consideraron valores adecuados cuando la concentración de sodio era ? 600 mg/Na por 100 g de producto, según Resolución S.G. Nº 792/2015. Resultados: Se analizaron 527 muestras de panificados de consumo masivo a partir de bocas de expendio, de 16 regiones sanitarias, y procedentes de industrias comerciales (1,1%), supermercados (87,2%) y panaderías (11,7 %). Durante los años 2017, 2018 y 2021, las medianas y promedios de sodio superaron ampliamente los valores establecidos como adecuados. Se presentaron diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de muestras con valores adecuados e inadecuados de acuerdo al año de monitoreo. Las muestras de “palitos, coquitos y rosquitas” presentaron significativamente mayor cantidad de sodio en relación a lo hallado en el pan Felipe, galleta, y otros panificados (p= < 0,05). Discusión: La vigilancia, y el cumplimiento por parte de las empresas de la Resolución SG Nº 792/2015 resulta fundamental para evitar el exceso de sodio en los panificados de consumo masivo. Se requiere continuar con el monitoreo a fin de garantizar la adecuación a la legislación vigente.

La actividad física regular es un componente fundamental de estilos de vida saludable y desempeña un papel crucial en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas. Este estudio revisa la evidencia científica que respalda los beneficios de la actividad física en la prevención de enfermedades como la cardiovascular, diabetes tipo 2, obesidad, hipertensión y ciertos tipos de cáncer. La actividad física mejora los perfiles lipídicos, reduce la presión arterial y mejora la función endotelial, lo que disminuye el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. En cuanto a la diabetes tipo 2, el ejercicio aumenta la sensibilidad a la insulina y ayuda a controlar los niveles de glucosa en sangre. Además, la actividad física, al incrementar el gasto energético, es fundamental en el manejo y prevención de la obesidad, un factor de riesgo significativo para muchas enfermedades crónicas. El ejercicio regular reduce significativamente la presión arterial y disminuye el riesgo de desarrollar ciertos tipos de cáncer, como el del colon y de mama, a través de mecanismos como la regulación hormonal, la reducción de la inflamación y la mejora del sistema inmunológico. Fomentar la práctica regular de actividad física debería ser una prioridad en las políticas de salud pública para reducir la carga global de enfermedades crónicas y mejorar la calidad de vida de la población. Palabras clave: actividad física; enfermedades crónicas; Prevención; salud cardiovascular; diabetes tipo 2; Obesidad; Hipertensión; Cáncer. Abstract. Regular physical activity is a fundamental component of healthy lifestyle and plays a crucial role in the prevention of chronic diseases. This study reviews the scientific evidence supporting the benefits of physical activity in preventing diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and certain types of cancer. Physical activity improves lipid profiles, reduces blood pressure, and enhances endothelial function, thereby decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Regarding type 2 diabetes, exercise increases insulin sensitivity and helps control blood glucose levels. Additionally, physical activity, by increasing energy expenditure, is essential in the management and prevention of obesity, a significant risk factor for many chronic diseases. Regular exercise significantly reduces blood pressure and lowers the risk of developing certain types of cancer, such as colon and breast cancer, through mechanisms such as hormonal regulation, inflammation reduction, and immune system enhancement. Promoting regular physical activity should be a priority in public health policies to reduce the global burden of chronic diseases and improve the population's quality of life. Keywords: physical activity; chronic diseases; prevention; cardiovascular health; type 2 diabetes; Obesity; Hypertension; Cancer.

En México la prevalencia de obesidad en población adulta es superior al 70 %, en particular el estado de Veracruz tiene una de las mayores prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad. El consumo de azúcar contribuye al desarrollo de estas enfermedades. Como alternativa los edulcorantes de Stevia rebaudiana (estevia), tienen gran aceptación. El diseño y validación de los instrumentos para recabar información sobre la estevia y sus productos es importante para reducir errores de los datos obtenidos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar y validar un instrumento sobre el uso y consumo de estevia en la zona conurbada Veracruz-Boca del Rio. Se generó una encuesta inicial con 10 preguntas sobre el consumo y el conocimiento general de la población sobre estevia, cuya validación se realizó por 18 expertos que evaluaron la validez y fiabilidad de cada pregunta. Finalmente, se realizó una prueba inicial de desempeño (n=100) de la encuesta. De los encuestados, 88 % conoce de las propiedades atribuidas a estevia, 69 % padece alguna enfermedad relacionada con el consumo de azúcar y la mayoría percibió beneficios con el consumo de la planta. Se probó el desempeño de un instrumento sobre el uso y consumo de estevia que podría aplicarse a otras áreas urbanas. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v18i2.1392

Introducción: el envejecimiento poblacional, junto al aumento de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles han llevado a un incremento en la prevalencia de las personas en situación de dependencia severa, requiriendo que familiares, amigos o vecinos asuman roles de cuidadores. Este estudio se enfoca en identificar a la población de cuidadores de personas con dependencia severa y facilitar su adherencia en programas de capacitación para en un Centro de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) en Puente Alto, Santiago de Chile. Métodos: se detectaron 82 cuidadores de pacientes con dependencia severa, de los cuales 47 seguían siendo cuidadores activos. Se encuestó telefónicamente a 35 cuidadores de pacientes con dependencia severa. Se recopiló información sobre acceso a internet, tiempo disponible y conocimiento sobre la disponibilidad de capacitaciones. Además, se evaluó el nivel de sobrecarga en los cuidadores utilizando la escala de Zarit abreviada (EZA). Resultados: el 83% de los cuidadores encuestados tenía acceso a internet, aunque se identificaron barreras como la falta de tiempo y conocimiento sobre las capacitaciones disponibles. Se encontró que el 62.8% de los cuidadores experimentaba sobrecarga severa. Estos resultados sugieren la falta de mecanismos para el cuidado de pacientes dependientes y la necesidad de facilitar la participación en programas de capacitación. Conclusiones: el estudio ofrece una breve representación sobre los cuidadores de personas con dependencia severa en un contexto de atención primaria. Se concluye que se requieren intervenciones multidisciplinarias para acercar instancias de capacitación y optimizar el cuidado del cuidador. Como parte de estas intervenciones, se desarrolló un manual del cuidador que servirá como recurso para el equipo de salud del CESFAM Madre Teresa de Calcuta, con el fin de brindar apoyo efectivo a los cuidadores.

Up to 15–20% of adolescents have a chronic health problem. Adolescence is a period of particular risk for the development or progression of chronic diseases for both individuals with more prevalent conditions and those affected by rare diseases. The transition from paediatric to adult care begins with preparing and training the paediatric patient, accustomed to supervised care, to assume responsibility for their self-care in an adult care setting. The transition takes place when the young person is transferred to adult care and discharged from paediatric care services. It is only complete when the youth is integrated and functioning competently within the adult care system. Adult care providers play a crucial role in welcoming and integrating young adults. A care transition programme can involve transitions of varying complexity, ranging from those required for common and known diseases such as asthma, whose management is more straightforward, to rare complex disorders requiring highly specialized personnel. The transition requires teamwork with the participation of numerous professionals: paediatricians and adult care physicians, nurses, clinical psychologists, health social workers, the pharmacy team and administrative staff. It is essential to involve adolescents in decision-making and for parents to let them take over gradually. A well-structured transition programme can improve health outcomes, patient experience, the use of health care resources and health care costs. Resumen: Hasta un 15–20% de adolescentes tienen algún problema de salud crónico. La adolescencia representa un periodo de riesgo especial para la evolución de las enfermedades crónicas tanto en aquellos con enfermedades más prevalentes como en los afectados por enfermedades raras. La transición de la asistencia pediátrica a la adulta empieza con la preparación y capacitación del paciente pediátrico, acostumbrado a los cuidados tutelados, para que asuma la responsabilidad de su autocuidado en una unidad de adultos. La transferencia es el momento en el que la persona joven pasa a los servicios de adultos y es dada de alta de los servicios pediátricos. La transición sólo se completa cuando los jóvenes están integrados y funcionan con total competencia dentro del servicio de adultos. Los profesionales de adultos tienen un rol crucial a la hora de recibir e integrar a los adultos jóvenes. Un programa de transición puede incluir transiciones de diferente complejidad, desde enfermedades frecuentes y conocidas como el asma, que requieren un proceso más sencillo, hasta enfermedades raras complejas con necesidad de participación de personal muy especializado. La transición requiere un trabajo en equipo con participación de numerosos profesionales: pediatras y médicos de adultos, enfermeras, psicólogos clínicos, trabajadores sociales sanitarios, equipo de Farmacia, y personal administrativo. Es importante implicar a los adolescentes en la toma de decisiones y que los padres los dejen ir progresivamente. Un programa de transición bien estructurado puede mejorar los resultados en salud, la experiencia del paciente y la utilización y coste de los cuidados sanitarios.

The number of people with immunosuppression is increasing considerably due to their greater survival and the use of new immunosuppressive treatments for various chronic diseases. This is a heterogeneous group of patients in whom vaccination as a preventive measure is one of the basic pillars of their wellbeing, given their increased risk of contracting infections. This consensus, developed jointly by the Sociedad Española de Infectología Pediátrica (Spanish Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases) and the Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Asociación Española de Pediatría (Spanish Association of Paediatrics), provides guidelines for the development of a personalised vaccination schedule for patients in special situations, including general recommendations and specific recommendations for vaccination of bone marrow and solid organ transplant recipients, children with inborn errors of immunity, oncologic patients, patients with chronic or systemic diseases and immunosuppressed travellers. Resumen: El número de personas con inmunodepresión está aumentando considerablemente debido a su mayor supervivencia y al empleo de nuevas terapias inmunosupresoras en diversas patologías crónicas. Se trata de un grupo heterogéneo de pacientes en los que la vacunación como arma preventiva supone uno de los pilares básicos de su bienestar, por su elevado riesgo a padecer infecciones. Este consenso, elaborado conjuntamente entre la Sociedad Española de Infectología Pediátrica (SEIP) y el Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (CAV-AEP), aporta unas directrices para programar un calendario adaptado a cada paciente en situaciones especiales que incluye recomendaciones generales, vacunación en pacientes con trasplante de médula y trasplante de órgano sólido, vacunación en niños con errores innatos de la inmunidad, vacunación en el paciente oncológico, vacunación en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas o sistémicas y vacunación en niños viajeros inmunodeprimidos.

The amputation or separation of a part of the body, of a lower or upper limb, is a surgical procedure that entails important anatomical, functional, psychological and social consequences. The authors were motivated to present a case from the Specialized Outpatient Center of the Cienfuegos province, with the objective of describing the experience during the combination of rehabilitative treatment and natural and traditional medicine in a patient with amputation of the left lower limb. The case of a 52-year-old male patient is presented, with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension controlled by treatment, in addition to suffering from hereditary thrombopathy treated with anticoagulants, which is why he underwent surgical treatment. The combination of rehabilitative treatment and natural and traditional medicine in patients with chronic diseases with amputation of the left lower limb is an action of motor and functional conditioning to achieve their return to daily life. The case is presented because the combination of rehabilitative treatment and natural and traditional medicine in a patient who suffers from several chronic diseases is interesting.

Foundation: according to the World Health Organization, diabetes causes 300,000 deaths a year in Latin America and the Caribbean and in the Cienfuegos province since 2020 it ranks as the seventh cause of death. Objective: to characterize mortality from diabetes mellitus in the Cienfuegos province in the first nine months of 2020. Methods: a descriptive investigation was carried out on health systems and services based on a series of cases to characterize mortality from diabetes mellitus in Cienfuegos in the first nine months of 2020. The deceased were compiled taking into account: sex, age, skin color, educational level, place of residence, territorial stratum, disease, associated risk factors and direct causes of death. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation were used. The results are presented in the form of tables and graphs. Results: the greatest affectation was in the last decades of life for the female gender, as well as residence in an urban territory, among the first direct causes of death are pulmonary thromboembolism, as well as acute chronic renal failure; hydroelectrolytic imbalance stands out in a considerable number of deaths. Conclusions: the last decades of life were the most affected and the female sex, the main causes of death were: pulmonary thromboembolism and acute chronic renal failure. The hydroelectrolytic imbalance stands out in a considerable number of the deceased.

Foundation: the lack of physical activity is linked to high levels of sedentary behavior, which constitutes an important risk factor for the development of chronic diseases such as: overweight and obesity, which in adolescents has become a health problem worldwide. Objective: to determine the level of physical activity of the students of the secondary level of a public school in Lima. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in which students between the ages of 12 and 17 enrolled in the 2019 school year were included. The population consisted of 470 high school students from the Institución Educativa Simón Bolívar school in the Palomino Urbanization of Cercado de Lima. The Inventory of Habitual Physical Activity for Adolescents and the eating behaviors module of the World Health Survey of Schoolchildren were applied. Simple random probabilistic sampling was used. Results: 52.3 % of the patients were male, the most frequent age range was 13 to 15 years with 70.1 %. Most presented a normal nutritional status (83.3 %). The level of habitual physical activity was mostly moderate with 62 % followed by low with 19.5 % and high with 18.3 %. Conclusions: the level of total habitual physical activity presented by the students of this educational institution is moderate, which does not meet the recommended levels of physical activity for children and adolescents.

This article aims to explore the relationship between chronic diseases and the participation of men and women in the Brazilian labor market, based on the National Health Survey (PNS) of 2019. The findings point to distinct identity and economic profiles of workers, with disadvantaged earnings for sick women compared to men and non-sick women. Chronic diseases diminish the probabilities of labor force participation, becoming more intense with comorbidities, though the effect is less prominent for women. Men’s labor decisions are predominantly hindered by mental illness and stroke, while women’s decisions are affected by stroke and arthritis. Asthmatic men and women with chronic kidney conditions and musculoskeletal disorder have less difficulty in economic integration. These findings can guide strategies that take into consideration diverse social groups, comorbidities, and disease typologies that impact labor markets in (un)favorable ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arxiu d'Etnografia de Catalunya is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermeir@s is the property of Colegio Oficial de Enfermeria de Lugo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Odeere is the property of Edicoes UESB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mexican Journal of Behavioral Analysis / Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Our study aimed to assess the association between all-cause mortality and the most prevalent chronic diseases in Spain, including diabetes mellitus. Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study. Site: Spanish population (Spanish National Health Survey). Participants: A population numbering 14,584 respondents of both sexes aged 40 years or older was selected. Main measurements: The outcome variable was all-cause mortality over 6-year follow-up, measured by probabilistic cross-matching with the national death registry. Socioeconomic variables, health indicators, service use, and behavioral factors were collected. The main data source was the National Statistics Institute. Results: Of the 14584 people included, 1346 (9.2%) died over 6-year follow-up. Regarding the most prevalent chronic diseases, those showing the strongest association with mortality were cancer (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.40–2.16); chronic lung diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, or emphysema; HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.19–1.70); acute myocardial infarction (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.08–1.65); and diabetes (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06–1.42). Less prevalent chronic diseases also increased mortality risk, including cirrhosis/liver disease (prevalence 1.5%; HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.22–2.29) and cerebrovascular diseases, including embolism and stroke (prevalence 2%; HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.07–1.81). Conclusions: Chronic diseases affect over half the population aged 40 years and older in Spain. Some of the most prevalent conditions are closely associated with all-cause mortality. These include chronic lung diseases, acute myocardial infarction, and diabetes. Given their impact on mortality in the population, more efforts are needed in chronic disease prevention and management. Resumen: Objetivo: El objetivo fue analizar la asociación entre las principales enfermedades crónicas más prevalentes como la diabetes mellitus con la mortalidad por cualquier causa en la población española. Diseño: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo de base poblacional. Emplazamiento: Población española (Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España). Participantes: Catorce mil quinientos ochenta y cuatro participantes de ambos sexos mayores de 40 años. Mediciones principales: La variable respuesta fue la mortalidad total durante el seguimiento a 6 años, medida mediante el cruce probabilístico con el registro nacional de defunciones. Se midieron variables socioeconómicas, de salud, uso de servicios y hábitos de vida. La fuente primaria de datos fue el Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Resultados: Se analizaron a 14.584 sujetos, y se produjeron 1.346 fallecimientos por cualquier causa en 6 años de seguimiento, con una incidencia acumulada del 9,1%. Con respecto a las enfermedades crónicas más prevalentes la existencia de bronquitis crónica, enfisema o EPOC; de DM; la existencia de tumores, así como haber padecido un infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM), presentan mayor mortalidad. Hallándose un riesgo de muerte en 6 años (HR: 1,74; IC 95%: 1,40-2,16) en pacientes con tumores; HR: 1,44 e IC 95%: 1,19-1,70 en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar crónica (bronquitis crónica, enfisema o EPOC), el IAM (HR: 1,33; IC 95%: 1,08-1,65) en pacientes con IAM y la diabetes (HR: 1,23; IC 95%: 1,06-1,42 en pacientes con DM).Del mismo modo, se detectó un aumento de riesgo de mortalidad relacionado con la existencia de enfermedades crónicas menos prevalentes como la cirrosis o la disfunción hepática HR: 1,67; IC 95%: 1,22-2,29, con una prevalencia del 1,5% en la muestra, así como de las enfermedades cerebrovasculares (embolia, infarto cerebral, hemorragia cerebral) HR: 1,39; IC 95%: 1,07-1,81, con una prevalencia del 2%. Conclusiones: Las enfermedades crónicas afectan a más de la mitad de la población española mayor de 40 años, observándose asociación significativa de algunas de las enfermedades crónicas más prevalentes y que presentan mayor morbimortalidad en las consultas de atención primaria (la enfermedad pulmonar crónica, la bronquitis o el enfisema, el infarto agudo de miocardio y la diabetes) con la mortalidad total en España. Este estudio pone de manifiesto que son necesarios más esfuerzos en la prevención y en el manejo de estas enfermedades crónicas en las consultas de atención primaria debido a su relación con la mortalidad.

La movilidad, los procesos y acciones de desplazamiento de las personas, tienen grandes consecuencias en el ámbito social, económico, ambiental o urbanístico. Los medios de transporte motorizado que se utilizan para la movilidad de las personas generan riesgos para la salud poblacional, a través de emisiones contaminantes, ruido, gases de efecto invernadero o accidentes. Además, influyen en el grado de actividad física y del sedentarismo. En conjunto, afectan la salud mental y física, y causan el desarrollo de enfermedades. Es por todo ello que las personas y la ciudadanía debe poder elegir formas sostenibles y saludables de movilidad, para sí y para el conjunto de la población. Con este fin desarrollamos esta “pirámide de la movilidad saludable y sostenible” cuyo fin es aportar pautas sobre cómo mejorar este comportamiento en los desplazamientos diarios, para una mejora de la salud ambiental. Para ello ordena y gradúa gráficamente las formas de movilidad en dos grandes objetivos, mejorar la sostenibilidad y la salud. Además, se señalan específicamente factores trascendentes para la mejora en ambos ejes.

Objetivo: Comprender el conocimiento etnofarmacológico de las plantas medicinales utilizadas para tratar enfermedades crónicas en una comunidad quilombola de la Amazonia brasileña. Método: estudio transversal, descriptivo, con cuestionario semiestructurado, realizado en una comunidad quilombola del municipio de Macapá, Amapá (Brasil), entre marzo y junio de 2022. El análisis se realizó mediante estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: En la comunidad quilombola, las mujeres son las principales poseedoras de conocimientos sobre plantas medicinales, y estos conocimientos suelen adquirirlos de sus padres/abuelos. De las diversas plantas mencionadas, el boldo fue la más mencionada (13,78%) para tratar enfermedades hepáticas, seguida del mastruz (6,89%) para cuestiones inflamatorias. Conclusión: Los resultados del estudio permitieron comprender los conocimientos etnofarmacológicos de la fitoterapia en el tratamiento de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, y cómo puede actuar de forma alternativa y positiva en las manifestaciones clínicas o complicaciones causadas por estas enfermedades.

The deprivation of liberty, due to its characteristics, imposes on people differentiated habits and customs that can influence their health. In that sense, the objective of this is to verify the prevalence of chronic diseases in the prison population. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out in four prison unity in a city in southern Brazil. Data collection was performed by a semi-structured instrument and descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Participated 326 people deprived of freedom, 90.8% were male, 53.4% young, aged between 18 and 29 years, 43.3% single, 55.8% with less than nine years of schooling, 61.3% performed some activity in the penal unit, 63.2% were smokers or former smokers, 28.2% drank alcohol and 60.4% used or ex used illicit drugs, 71.2% practiced physical activities, 86.1% positively evaluated their health status and 52.5% reported some chronic disease. The most prevalent self-reported diseases were respiratory, gastrointestinal, mental, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal. People deprived of freedom have chronic diseases and risk factors prevalent in the general population. Knowing the epidemiological profile of this population group can contribute to health-promoting actions, prevention, and control of risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To explore the association between US migration, chronic conditions (diabetes, stroke, heart attack, cancer, and hypertension), and mental health (depressive symptoms, and depression). Materials and methods. We assessed average changes in depressive symptom scores as well as depression over time and their link with migration experience controlling for health and sociodemographic factors among older Mexican adults (50+) using 2012, 2015, and 2018 waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Results. Non-migrants had higher average depressive symptom scores and prevalence of depression (5+ score) in 2012 and 2015, but there was no significant difference in either measure in 2018 or on changes over time. Conclusion. Although there were no significant differences in average depressive symptoms and depression over time by migration history, this study highlights some differences in 2012 and 2015. Comparing groups across migration histories allowed the researchers to examine how life course differences impact mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusive education is a recognized right. One of the factors addressed the least by the scholarly literature is the right to inclusive education among students with chronic diseases. Given the scarcity of research on this topic, the goal of this study is to identify and analyse how the research published has addressed the inclusion of students with diabetes. To meet this objective, we conducted a systematized literature review following some of the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. We searched in the databases Scopus and WOS and the Teseo, Dialnet and Google Scholar portals, where we found the 24 studies that comprise the data bank. The results show a reality that is a far cry from inclusive education, given that there are barriers like a lack of information and training, scant resources and support, no relations among the different administrations and the inexistence of public policies regulating attention to these students at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study analysed the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire Family Impact Module (PedsQL FIM) in the Argentinian population. Patients and Methods: The sample included 232 caregivers, of who 108 were parents of children with chronic diseases (mean, 9.54; standard deviation [SD], 4.43) and 124 parents of children in the general population (mean, 12.37; SD, 4.6). Results: We assessed the validity of the instrument with the known-groups method, finding significant differences between the case and control groups in the overall and subscale scores (P < .01). We also assessed test validity by means of exploratory factor analysis, which yielded an 8-factor model that explained 74.03% of the variance. We assessed reliability with the Cronbach alpha and found a high internal consistency (α = 0.95). Conclusion: The PedsQL module proved to be a valid and reliable tool to assess the impact of a chronic paediatric condition on caregiver quality of life and family functioning. Resumen: Introducción: Este trabajo analiza las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en castellano del Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida Pediátrica Módulo de Impacto Familiar (PedsQL FIM) en población argentina. Pacientes y Métodos: Se obtuvo una muestra de 232 cuidadores, 108 de niños con enfermedades crónicas (M = 9,54, DE = 4,43) y 124 de niños de población general (M = 12,37, DE = 4,6). Resultados: La validez del instrumento se estudió a través del método de grupos contrastados, encontrando diferencias significativas en la escala total y subdimensiones de la escala (p

El aumento de enfermedades crónicas en la población mexicana es uno de los principales problemas en el área de la salud. El objetivo de esta investigación es contribuir al estudio de la prevalencia de multimorbilidad en México y su efecto sobre la mortalidad por todas las causas en hombres y mujeres de 50 a 80 años de edad. Con datos del Estudio Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento en México, 2001-2018, los modelos de riesgos proporcionales ajustados por variables socioeconómicas y de salud muestran que la multimorbilidad duplica el riesgo de muerte tanto de mujeres como de hombres, si se compara con el de sus pares sin multimorbilidad.

Objetivo: Describir y relacionar los niveles de la hormona dehidroepiandrosterona sulfatada en una muestra representativa nacional de adultos mayores con su salud, discapacidad, situación social, económica, antropométrica y de estado nutricional con el fin de aportar información sobre los valores de este biomarcador en la población general del país. Métodos: Con las respuestas a un cuestionario autorreportado de una muestra de adultos mayores, se midió el estado de salud físico y mental, valores de ingesta calórica y niveles de dehidroepiandrosterona sulfatada en suero de los entrevistados. Resultados: Los valores promedio de dehidroepiandrosterona sulfatada muestran una disminución progresiva según edad, en hombres con un promedio de 70.9 ± 46.6 μg/ dl y en mujeres de 38.9 ± 29.4 μg/dl. Valores más bajos se obtienen en personas que se autorreportan como de buena situación económica o con mejor nivel educativo, con hipertensión, hipercolesterolemia, diabetes, con bajo peso u obesidad y en quienes consumen menos de 1500 o más de 3000 calorías por día. Conclusiones: Las diferencias por sexo y edad observadas, así como en el comportamiento de la distribución, son las esperadas y corresponden a lo descrito en la literatura para esta hormona. Eventos adversos en salud, como reporte de padecimiento de enfermedades crónicas, valores extremos del índice de masa corporal, sedentarismo, discapacidad y depresión están asociados a niveles medios o bajos de DHEAS.

Objetivo: evaluar la transición del cuidado desde la perspectiva de las personas que viven con enfermedades crónicas e identificar su relación con las características clínicas y sociodemográficas. Método: estudio transversal, con 487 pacientes dados de alta de un hospital. Se utilizaron los instrumentos de caracterización clínica, sociodemográfica y Care Transitions Measure-15, que mide los factores Preparación para el automanejo, Preferencias aseguradas, Comprensión sobre medicamentos y Plan de cuidados. Análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: la transición del cuidado fue satisfactoria (76,8±10,4). Media de factores: Preparación para el automanejo (82,2±10,8), Preferencias aseguradas (84,7±14,3), Comprensión sobre medicamentos (75,7±13,7) y Plan de Cuidados (64,5±13,2). Pacientes del sexo femenino presentaron mayor promedio en el factor comprensión sobre medicamentos. Los blancos y los residentes en áreas urbanas calificaron mejor el Plan de cuidados. La media más alta se observó para el factor Preferencias aseguradas (84,7±14,3) y la más baja para el factor Plan de cuidados (64,5±13,2). En todos los factores se encontraron diferencias significativas en las variables (paciente quirúrgico, tener artefactos clínicos y no estar hospitalizado por COVID-19). Los pacientes internados hasta cinco días presentaron diferencia estadística en los factores Preparación para el automanejo y Comprensión sobre medicamentos. En los pacientes que no reingresaron dentro de los 30 días posteriores al alta, la preparación para el automanejo fue mejor. Cuanto mejor sea la preparación para el automanejo, menores serán las tasas de reingreso a los 30 días. Conclusión: en pacientes que viven con enfermedades crónicas, variables sociodemográficas y clínicas están asociadas a la transición del cuidado. Los pacientes que evaluaron mejor la preparación para el automanejo tuvieron menos reingresos dentro de los 30 días.

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El objetivo del estudio es describir las características clínicas, de condición física y calidad de vida de una serie de casos compuesta por 162 pacientes crónicos diagnosticados de patologías hematológicas, trastorno mental o cáncer sólido en estadio IV, incluidos en el ensayo clínico EfiKroniK. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y clínicos además de realizar diferentes test para medir la condición física (test 400 metros, test de prensión manual y test de sentarse y levantarse cinco veces) y la calidad de vida general (SF-36, Golberg y Duke) y específica (PANSS y EORT QLQ-C30). Al analizar los resultados encontramos que tanto la condición física (262 segundos en el test de los 400 m, Intervalo de Confianza al 95% [IC95%] = 253 – 271; y 34kg en el test de prensión manual, IC95%=13 – 15) como la calidad de vida (41 puntos en el componente resumen de salud física del SF-36; IC95% = 39 – 42) son netamente inferiores a las de la población general, con diferencias significativas (p

Se analiza el proceso educativo intercultural del consumo de alimentos que conforman la Dieta de la Milpa con los cambios en las percepciones, conocimientos y prácticas de personas mexicanas con diabetes, hipertensión y sobrepeso. El trabajo se sustenta en la epistemología socioconstructivista y en la teoría de la zona de desarrollo próximo. Tiene un diseño cuanti-cualitativo de estudio de casos de personas con enfermedades crónicas de cinco estados de la México, quienes aceptan participar. Se evalúan los conocimientos, percepciones y prácticas referentes a la Dieta de la Milpa. Se compara la dieta habitual de los pacientes al inicio, y con la dieta después de la intervención educativa, realizada en talleres virtuales por tres meses. Se constata que la promoción de la Dieta de la Milpa apoyada en el proceso de educación intercultural virtual genera aportes en el tratamiento de las enfermedades estudiadas; los resultados positivos se sustentan en la planeación de una intervención con visión inclusiva. Desde la perspectiva educativa aporta elementos para desarrollar una pedagogía disruptiva con medios virtuales de aprendizaje para realizar una educación intercultural en salud.

Cuantificar el impacto de la pandemia en la actividad asistencial de los laboratorios clínicos españoles.

The members of the naval force must have various characteristics that define their professional skills, including physical preparation, an essential requirement to remain fit. However, there are naval personnel who, due to their health condition, require adaptations in the physical performance assessment tests, for which proposals that need validation are issued. The objective of this research was to analyze through consultation by specialists some alternative physical tests that can be adapted to Naval Force personnel with chronic non-communicable diseases. This Research is of descriptive-explanatory type, of correlational order. In it, the criteria of a sample made up of 13 specialists in sports medicine and officers of the Naval Force of the Republic of Ecuador are studied. During the study, three inclusion criteria are met, eight physical performance tests are validated and the recommendation of other tests is allowed. Two tests are presented as results, which were not relevant (TLA (2.23 points: not very relevant and ÍB 1.69 points: not relevant), while the rest obtained the following average scores, IA : 4.92 points (relevant-very relevant), DS : 4.85 points (relevant-very relevant), TR : 4.38 points (relevant), TM : 4.23 points (relevant), TIV : 3.23 points (moderately relevant) and TFMPE : 3.23 points (moderately relevant). Agreement between specialists is evident. (0.837). Six alternative physical tests for naval personnel with chronic noncommunicable diseases are validated as relevant, discarding the Barthel Index and the Stand Up and Go Test for not adjusting to the requirements of the naval force. It is recommended to consider the proposals issued by the specialists, carrying out empirical studies with the validated proposals; they adjust and create the necessary scales to prospectively evaluate the military personnel of interest.

La transición nutricional chilena implicó cambios significativos en la dieta entre 1990 y 2000, destacando el rápido aumento del consumo de carnes y lácteos como fuentes principales de proteínas y calorías. En este trabajo se analiza el consumo aparente de legumbres entre 1966 y 2018, un tipo de alimento cuya disminución constituye otra tendencia relevante. Los principales resultados indican disminución en el consumo aparente per capita de porotos, garbanzos y arvejas, mientras que el de lentejas presenta un leve aumento. Además, se establece que los niveles socioeconómicos que destinan una mayor proporción de su ingreso a legumbres son aquellos en el tercer quintil. A continuación, se explican los principales impactos de la dieta en términos de salud pública, los cuales permiten considerar que el país experimentó una transición nutricional no saludable. Finalmente, se presentan los beneficios que una mayor ingesta de proteína vegetal procedente de las legumbres podría tener en una eventual nueva fase de la transición nutricional.

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As a part of the EIS-COVID project on the access and use of information during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile, the objective of this paper was to ascertain how people's informational environment was constructed during the first stage of the pandemic. It discusses the results of a qualitative study of people belonging to risk groups for COVID-19: people over 18 and under 65 with chronic diseases (hypertension and diabetes) and people 65 and over. Ninety semi-structured interviews were conducted in the Metropolitan and Valparaíso regions between September 2020 and January 2021. The results reveal the problematic nature of the information overload encountered by these groups and the strategies they used to navigate it: a) information avoidance; b) content corroboration and active search for reliable sources; and c) differentiated media use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: due to the COVID-19 pandemic, elective consultations were suspended, some of which were carried out by teleconsultation. In this context, the pharmacist had a lot to contribute through supported self-care, resolution of minor disorders and referral, when necessary, to the appropriate level of health care, according to the patient's health needs and the organization of the health system during the pandemic. To this end, technology works as an ally, as it allowed interaction with the patient, reduces the movement of people and financial expenses in the search for services. Objective: to describe two case reports of patients, attended by the University Pharmacy of UFBA, with chronic non-communicable diseases in pharmacotherapeutic monitoring by remote means during the pandemic. Material and Methods: in view of the above, this study aimed to describe two successful experiences of pharmaceutical teleconsultation for patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: in both cases, it was possible to verify that the easy access to the pharmaceutical professional, as well as the contact and continuous monitoring of medication users, proved to be fundamental to generate supported self-care, better adherence to pharmacotherapy and self-management of medications and lifestyle habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes two different meanings we usually associate with being a patient. In order to do so, I draw on Simone de Beauvoir and her methodology which enables me to conceive how different features of one's identity are construed temporarily in a my own-intersubjective dynamism. Being a patient is here examined with regard to two dimensions: as an existential relationship with the illness and as a role in doctor-patient encounter. In the first part, the "patient" model is being analyzed. The relationship with the illness is conceived mostly as a loss, and epistemologically, the patient is conceived as irrelevant or irrational in the relation with the healthcare professional. To conclude it, I analyze different phenomenological description of being ill. The other extreme, I present "impatient" experiences, which are full of activity. Here, existential relationship with the illness is conceived as a "negotiation" and doctor-patient relationship is more about searching acceptable solutions in common. This part is mostly informed by Baszanger's and Mol's work. In conclusion, it is stressed that both notions form extreme points of the axis of illness and patient experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]