Search

BackgroundIndications for flow diversion stent (FDS) treatment are expanding. However, there is still a lack of evidence for the long-term outcome in distally located aneurysms in the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and beyond.MethodsConsecutive subjects (from June 2013 to August 2020) with MCA aneurysms in the M2 segment or beyond treated with FDS were reviewed retrospectively. The primary endpoints for clinical safety were the absence of mortality, stroke event, re-rupture of the aneurysm, and worsening of clinical symptoms. The primary endpoint for treatment efficacy was complete/near-complete occlusion at follow-up after 12 months.Results23 patients were identified: 7 aneurysms were located in the M2 segment of the MCA, 4 in the M2-M3 bifurcation, 2 in M3, 3 in M3-4 branching, and 2 in M4; 5 aneurysms were located in M2 with extension into the M1-M2 bifurcation. 13 aneurysms were of fusiform morphology, 8 sacculofusiform, and 2 saccular. 16 aneurysms were of highly suspected dissecting etiology. The median diameter of the parent vessel was 2.1 mm proximally and 2 mm distally. The median time of the follow-up was 30 months (range 16 months to 6 years). Complete/near complete occlusion was observed in 14/20 patients (70%) and one stable remodeling (5%) was seen at 12 months. 22 patients (95.6%) had an excellent clinical outcome (mRS 0–1) at 6 months. Technical challenges associated with the deployment of FDS occurred in 8.7% of cases. Severe complications, intraparenchymal hemorrhage and re-rupture of the aneurysm occurred in 2 patients (8.7%).ConclusionFlow diversion of distally located aneurysms is technically feasible with low morbidity and mortality.

Background Reports of cerebral aneurysm and aneurysm rupture during pregnancy are rare in the literature. Aneurysms might rupture and cause intracranial hemorrhage during or after pregnancy. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage during pregnancy presents a challenge regarding treatment and management. No institution has reported a large patient population or experience in managing this condition during pregnancy in the literature. Owing to the limited number of cases, there are no available treatment guidelines, and treatment is usually based on a case-by-case approach. Case Description A 31-year-old woman presented in the 27th week of pregnancy with sudden-onset headache, which was diagnosed as subarachnoid hemorrhage. The diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage with an aneurysm located on the anterior communicating artery was made with magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography. The aneurysm was treated by surgical clipping. The pregnancy continued successfully until the 35th gestational week, when the infant was successfully delivered by planned cesarean section owing to preeclampsia and fetal growth retardation. Postoperative follow-up was uneventful. Conclusions We present our experience in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage during pregnancy and maternal and fetal outcomes of this rare disease. More cases and multicenter studies are needed to develop standardized management of this disease.

Background and Purpose: Flow diversion is increasingly used as an endovascular treatment for intracranial aneurysms. In this retrospective multicenter study, we analyzed the safety and efficacy of the treatment of intracranial, unruptured, or previously treated but recanalized aneurysms using Flow Re-Direction Endoluminal Device (FRED) Jr with emphasis on midterm results.Materials and Methods: Clinical and radiological records of 150 patients harboring 159 aneurysms treated with FRED Jr at six centers between October 2014 and February 2020 were reviewed and consecutively included. Clinical outcome was measured by using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Anatomical results were assessed according to the O'Kelly-Marotta (OKM) scale and the Cekirge-Saatci Classification (CSC) scale.Results: The overall complication rate was 24/159 (16%). Thrombotic-ischemic events occurred in 18/159 treatments (11%). These resulted in long-term neurological sequelae in two patients (1%) with worsening from pre-treatment mRS 0–2 and mRS 4 after treatment. Complete or near-complete occlusion of the treated aneurysm according to the OKM scale was reached in 54% (85/158) at 6-month, in 68% (90/133) at 1-year, and in 83% (77/93) at 2-year follow-up, respectively. The rates of narrowing or occlusion of a vessel branch originating from the treated aneurysm according to the CSC scale were 11% (12/108) at 6-month, 20% (17/87) at 1-year, and 23% (13/57) at 2-year follow-up, respectively, with all cases being asymptomatic.Conclusions: In this retrospective multicenter study, FRED Jr was safe and effective in the midterm occlusion of cerebral aneurysms. Most importantly, it was associated with a high rate of good clinical outcome.

Dincer, Alp/0000-0001-9158-8353; Afsar, Nazire/0000-0001-8123-8560; KAYA, DILAVER/0000-0002-7364-171X; Yildirim, Duzgun/0000-0002-5411-229X; Sarikaya, Zeynep Tugce/0000-0002-1352-7667; Dogan, Lerzan/0000-0002-1456-4072; Korkmazer, Bora/0000-0001-7015-365X; Mammadov, Orkhan/0000-0001-7648-2948 WOS:000574262800006 PubMed ID: 32384020 [No abstract available]

International audience; A 19-year-old man with no relevant medical history except a high velocity head trauma a few years earlier was admitted in our institution for sudden onset binocular diplopia. Head-CT performed afteer the trauma was depicted as being normal. He complained of chronic headaches for about three years, with recent worsening and painkillers resistance. Clinical examination found binocular ophthalmoplegia with paresis of both abducens nerves. Non-contrast CT-scan and CT angiography of the circle of Willis were normal. Brain MRI acquisition was performed on a 3T magnet (Skyra, Siemens, Germany) with a 32-channel head coil and included a dual-echo Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI), with the following parameters: TE1/TE2 = 20/40 ms, TR = 47 ms, GRAPPA = 2, voxel size = 1 × 1 × 1.5 mm, 88 slices). Conventional sequences showed a subtle distension of the perioptic subarachnoid spaces on coronal T2 sequence (not shown), and a linear loss of signal on pial surface of the lefte lateral fissure (Fig. 1a). Susceptibility-weighted imaging was performed in order to quantify the related susceptibility effeect, through the use of quantitative susceptibility mapping. Marked pial signal loss on T2-GRE and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) was observed at the level of the brainstem, lefte lateral fissure, cerebellar folia (Fig. 1b-f). Phase image was retrieved from SWI acquisition and underwent laplacian unwrapping as well as background field removal using regularization-enabled SHARP algorithm. Finally, total variation using split Bregman [1] method enabled images conversion to quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM). Reported susceptibility values were standardized according to the observed cerebrospinal fluid susceptibility. In normal appearing gray matteer (Fig. 1g-h), the value was 0.009 ± 0.1 ppm, while in cortico-pial affeected areas, measured susceptibility was 0.24 ± 0.1 ppm (Fig. 1f), suggesting a paramagnetic effeect. Discrete atrophy of the superior cerebellar vermis was also noted (Fig. 1k). T2-weighted images of the spinal cord showed a low signal lining on the spinal cord, suggesting hemosiderin deposit (Fig. 1i-j). No acute subarachnoid bleeding was present. Neither MR angiography of the intracranial vessels nor spinal MRI revealed any vascular malformation. No intra-axial hemorrhage was found. Fundoscopic examination revealed bilateral papillary subedema that was confirmed by the fluorescein angiogra-phy showing late papillary dye leakage. Lumbar puncture was finally performed and showed severe intracranial hypertension (57 cmH 2 O, normal range 7-15 cmH 2 0). Neither erythrocytes nor xantochromia were present. The diagnosis of superficial siderosis of the central nervous system was made based on the symptoms that were supported by radiological findings. Discussion

To report the efficacy of percutaneous puncture and sclerosis using polidocanol in the treatment of venous malformations (VMs) in pediatric patients. Between March 2007 and February 2011, a series of 19 patients with VMs on the upper and lower extremities had undergone a total of 89 sessions of intralesional sclerotherapy using polidocanol. All the procedures were performed in an angiographic suite under general anesthesia in order to maintain sedation for facilitating the procedure. For each injection, approximately 1 ml of 2% polidocanol was injected for each centimeter of the diameter of the lesion, with a maximum of 6 ml. Injection of the sclerosant was guided by real-time sonography and fluoroscopy. After the treatment, the symptoms completely resolved in four patients (21%). Clinical symptoms, such as bulging and pain were improved in 12 out of 19 patients (63%). They remained unchanged in three patients (16%). During the procedures, no major complications were encountered. The minor complications (65%) encountered were swelling and pain after treatment which were resolved by taking NSAID within a few days. In pediatric patients, sonographically guided percutaneous puncture and fluoroscopically guided sclerosis using 2% polidocanol is effective, less invasive and safe for the treatment of VMs, with a high success rate and minimal complications.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune connective tissue disease with multi-organ involvement that is associated with the presence of autoantibodies, and it is influenced by genetic, endocrine, or environmental backgrounds such as exposure to ultraviolet rays and viral infections for the etiopathogenesis [1]. In the cardiovascular system, it frequently causes pericarditis, nonbacterial verrucous endocarditis, coronary artery disease, and cardiomyopathy [2]. Cardiovascular complications in SLE are generally presumed to be associated with inflammatory activity as well as premature development of atherosclerosis [1]. The overall morbidity and death from these complications have been increasing in recent years, and they are now the major cause of death in SLE [3]. Dissecting aortic aneurysm in SLE has been recognized as a rare life-threatening complication, but its pathogenesis is still obscure. The pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms and dissection in SLE has been attributed to aortic circulatory disturbances resulting from vasculitis and cystic medial degeneration as well as to atherosclerosis. The occurrence of atherosclerosis is considered to be due to long-term steroid treatment, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and nephrotic syndrome [4]. The importance of the high prevalence of premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in SLE should be addressed, even in young adolescents, and especially those with early childhood-onset disease. Nevertheless, aortic dissection is a life-threatening disorder that requires immediate diagnosis and treatment to prevent mortality. To our knowledge, this is the second adolescent patient with childhood-onset SLE complicated with aortic dissection, but the first case treated with endovascular stent-grafting.