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Bu araştırmanın amacı; Ortaokul 5-6-7-8. sınıflar beden eğitimi ve spor dersi öğretim programının temel ilkelerine ilişkin beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla, öğretim programında yer alan on dokuz temel ilkeyi içeren veri toplama aracı oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma grubunu 2014–2015 eğitim öğretim yılında Sakarya ili merkez ilçeleri resmi ortaokullarında görev yapan 87 beden eğitimi öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler IBM SPSS 22.0 istatistik paket programı ile çözümlenmiş, verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistik testlerinin yanı sıra parametrik olmayan Kruskal Wallis-H ve Mann-Whitney U testleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, öğretmenlerin ortaokul beden eğitimi dersi öğretim programında belirlenen temel ilkelerine olumlu yaklaştıkları, öğretmenlerin görüşleri arasında sadece hizmet yılı ve eğitim durumu değişkenlerinde anlamlı farklılaşma olduğu görülmüştür.

Background and Study Aim. In addition to their physiological effects, epidemics negatively affect the motivation of individuals by causing varying levels of psychosocial problems such as stress, fear, anxiety and depression. At this point, psychological resilience is considered as an important variable in reducing and preventing the psychological effects of epidemic anxiety. The main purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between epidemic anxiety of physical education teacher candidates and their academic motivation. Materials and Methods. The study group of the research, which was designed in the relational screening model, consists of 451 physical education teacher candidates. They are studying in the 4th grade of the Physical Education and Sports Teaching program of the universities. The data of the research was collected with “Personal Information Form”, “Epidemic Anxiety Scale”, “Academic Motivation Scale” and “Brief Psychological Resilience Scale”. Descriptive statistics techniques, correlation and regression analyzes were used to analyze the data. The PROCESS macro extension was used for mediation analysis. Results. The mean score levels of physical education teacher candidates were 57.03±14.52 for epidemic anxiety, 92.74±15.72 for academic motivation, and 20.26±5.00 for psychological resilience. While epidemic anxiety predicted psychological resilience (95%CI [-0.168; -0.109], p0.05) became insignificant. Psychological resilience has a mediating role in the relationship between epidemic anxiety and academic motivation. Conclusions. Psychological resilience emerged as an essential variable in preventing the psychological effects of physical education teacher candidates regarding epidemic anxiety and increasing their academic motivation.

This study, in which the teaching and learning conceptions of physical education teacher candidates were examined, was designed in a descriptive scanning model. The study group of the research consists of a total of 752 students, 312 males and 440 females who study in the Physical Education and Sports Teaching program of the Schools of Physical Education and Sports. In the research, an online questionnaire form created by using google docs infrastructure was used as data collection tool. The link of the survey form was shared with the relevant student and faculty member groups, and the survey was ensured to be filled on a voluntary basis. "Personal Information Form" and "Teaching and Learning Conceptions Scale" were used in the data collection tool. The scale is composed of a total of 30 items and two sub-dimensions namely “Constructivist Conception” and “Traditional Conception”. “Constructivist Conception Dimensions” consists of 12 items and “Traditional Conception Dimensions” consists of 18 items. In the analysis of the data, Kolmogorov Smirnov test was first used for normality test, and it was determined following the test that data did not show normal distribution. In this context, non-parametric tests Mann-Whitney U and Kruskall-Wallis H tests were used in the analyzes, and Bonferroni correction was made to control Type I error in the analyzes. After Kruskal-Wallis H Test, Mann-Whitney U Test was used for post-hoc test among groups with significant difference. It was concluded in the study that the physical education teacher candidates mostly adopted the constructivist teaching and learning approach although they agreed with the traditional teaching and learning approach but at a low level. It was determined that the teaching and learning conceptions of physical education teacher candidates did not change significantly by the gender variable, but significantly changed according to the variables of national sportsmanship, scholarship, grade level and place of residence. Students who are national athletes and receive scholarships have a higher perception of traditional teaching and learning. It has been determined that as the class level increases, the physical education teacher candidates adopt the constructivist teaching and learning conception, and the students living in the dormitories adopt the traditional teaching and learning conception more.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the physical education and sport teachers’ perceptions about organizational democracy. The research group consisted of 191 physical education and sport teachers. The research data were collected by “The Organizational Democracy Scale”. In the analysis of data, descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney-U and Kruskall Wallis-H tests were used. According to the relevant findings, the physical education and sport teachers’ organizational democracy perceptions were positive in the sub-dimensions of participation-criticism, transparency, justice, equality and accountability but not high, the teachers’ organizational democracy perceptions did not significantly vary in gender, assigned school type, marital status and education background variables, in some sub-dimensions they significantly differed in assigned geographical region and seniority variables.

To aim of this study, confidence and social desirability of levels that doing exercise of male and female athletes in fitness centers, is to examine according to several variables. Working group consist of that doing exercise 152 volunteers which is 36 female and 116 male, between January and April 2016 in two fitness room at the Batman province. In this research as data collection tools which had developed by Akın (2007) “ Confidence Scale “ and had developed by Akın (2010) “Social Desirability Scale”. The results of this study shows that the level of confidence of people who go to fitness center regularly is higher than social acceptence level. While marital status doesnt influence the results, sex changes the outcomes in terms of social desirability. Additionally education, monthly income and the reason to go to fitness center only change the levels of confidence.

This study investigated physical education teachers’ competencies in virtual classroom management. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study using quantitative research methods and included 726 physical education teachers working in different secondary and high schools in Turkey. The study data were collected using the “Teachers’ Virtual Classroom Management Competence Scale.” The research found that physical education teachers were still deciding about their competence in managing relationships with students in the virtual classroom. Still, they were competent in the dimensions of virtual classroom activities and virtual classroom management. Further research analyzed the effects of some sociodemographic variables on teachers’ competencies in transitioning from traditional classroom management to virtual classroom management. The analysis showed that gender and work experience had a medium effect, virtual classrooms had a significant impact, and school level had a weak effect on teachers’ virtual classroom competencies. The educational level variable did not significantly impact teachers’ online classroom management competencies. In conclusion, in modern classrooms with a shift from traditional classrooms to online classrooms, physical education teachers are expected to be more effective in their relationships with students in online classrooms.