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The issue of energy conservation and energy saving has gained great importance in our country and the world in recent years. For this purpose, it is aimed to increase the use of renewable energy sources and to reduce the use of energy, especially by buildings, which have a large share in consumption. Insulation applications appear as a method that reduces the economic and environmental impact, especially in reducing the need for heating energy. Optimum insulation thickness applications have been the subject of frequent studies in recent years as a method that both optimizes insulation and fuel costs and has positive effects on reducing the environmental impact of fuel emissions. The purpose of this study; To minimize heat losses in the provinces in the cold climate regions of our country, to ensure the optimization of the insulation material and thickness to be used in the buildings and to evaluate the environmental effects of these applications. In this study in accordance with these purposes, using LCC method Turkey located in cold climatic regions 5 provinces for externally and internally insulated gas concrete, brick, reinforced concrete wall two different types of fuel of which wall model used (natural gas, coal) and four different insulation materials (XPS, EPS, glass wool, rock wool) calculated for were optimum insulation thicknesses, energy savings, payback times and CO2 emissions. It was observed that a significant amount of energy was saved by applying insulation with optimum thickness. It was tried to find the ideal system by condensation control. The best result for each province is obtained when natural gas fuel and EPS insulation material are used in the externally insulated aerated concrete wall model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Boron / Bor Dergisi is the property of Turkish Energy Nuclear & Research Agency - Boron Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Energy saving has become a significant concern in recent years due to increasing carbon emis- sions and environmental pollution. When examined from a global perspective, it is known that the energy consumed for heating and cooling of buildings is relatively high. In this regard, researchers attach great importance to energy efficiency issues. In recent years, an issue that has been given priority in heating buildings more efficiently is underfloor heating systems. Underfloor heating systems are composite structures of slab concrete, insulation material, hot water pipes, and screed. Here, the thermal performance of the screed is vital as the hot water pipes remain embedded in the screed. This study has produced a new composite and self-leveling screed type that can transfer heat easily. For this purpose, nine screed mixtures were prepared, including a reference (nearly conventional) screed mortar. The screed mortars’ flowability, density, and compressive strength were determined regarding physical properties. Thermal properties, thermal conductivity, specific heat, thermal diffusivity, and heat storage analyses were carried out. In the second stage of the study, a basic underfloor heating system was installed, and the temperatures of the water circulating in the system, the outer surface of the pipe carrying the water, and the outer surface of the screed were measured at specific peri- ods. According to the study results, it has been observed that depending on the thermal prop- erties of the screeds produced within the scope of this study, when used in underfloor heating systems, it can transfer heat from the hot water pipes to the surface with minimum losses.

Copyright of Journal of Polytechnic is the property of Journal of Polytechnic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the lighting sector, high energy-efficient LED lighting products are preferred instead of conventional lighting devices to increase energy efficiency. In this study, benefit-cost analyses were conducted by examining retrofit operations both in terms of lighting design and economically by applying different types of T8 LED tubes instead of fluorescent lamps in 4x18W T8 fixtures used in offices. A real office environment was modeled in the DIALux EVO lighting design program, and a total of three different T8 LED tube models with low, medium, and high efficiency were studied in terms of minimum luminance level, average luminance level, uniformity factor, and glare performance. Economically, investment and operating costs, energy savings, and payback periods in retrofit applications of LED tubes with different efficiencies were calculated. As a result, it was observed that medium and high-efficiency LED tubes provided the minimum lighting criteria according to the TS EN 12464-1:2021-09 standard. On the other hand, it was determined that LED tubes with low efficacy factor did not provide the desired lighting performance. Furthermore, high-efficiency LED tubes provided respectively 57% and 24% less energy consumption compared to conventional fluorescent lamps and low-efficiency LED tubes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the energy efficiency study of the school building whose construction was completed in 2007 was conducted. First of all, information about energy consumption and the amount of CO2 emission released into the atmosphere was obtained by measuring the building elements, heating system, piping and lighting system. Afterward, some suggestions were made in the areas where energy consumption is high and inefficient, in line with efficiency-increasing methods, considering the relevant standards and regulations. Finally, with these proposed improvements, the energy savings of the building, the economic value of this savings and the reduction in carbon emission are calculated. As a result of the study, 65.04 kWh/m2 energy and 0.012 tonCO2/m2 carbon emission savings per unit area, 334 379 kWh/year energy and 66.18 tonCO2/year carbon emission savings, the investment cost of 319 653 TL as 65.2 TL/m2 per unit area., and 6.1 years payback period was calculated.

Many different systems have been used for space heating from the past to the present. Today, due to climate change, the search for low-emission heating systems is increasing day by day. Developments and advantages in heat pump technology have led to the widespread use of heat pump systems. In this study, the heating of a three-floor villa in Izmir’s Alaçatı district was investigated using various heat pump systems, and performance and emission evaluations were performed. The Heating Solutions Navigator program developed by Daikin was used in the calculation of heat loss loads and performance simulations of the villa designed according to TS 825 standards. As a result of the advantages of the high heat transfer surface in underfloor heating, it was determined that the seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP) value in heating was 2.18 times higher than the systems with low temperature radiators. Increasing the efficiency of the heat pump reduces the annual energy consumption by 2052 kWh and reduces the annual CO2 emissions by 804 kg. It is seen that the high price difference in the initial investment cost of the heat pump underfloor heating system can be compensated by the reduction in the operating cost. As a result, although the investment costs of heat pumps are high compared to natural gas, it is seen that they are an advantageous heating system option because they are clean and reliable, especially when they are used with underfloor heating and low temperature radiators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the countries procuring a major amount of their energy from abroad, using of the energy effectively and ensuring the energy-saving become gradually more important. In this study, considering the climatic and meteorological conditions of Van province, optimum insulation thickness, payback period, and energy-saving values were analyzed for three insulation materials (rock wool, polyurethane, XPS) and five energy sources (imported coal, fuel oil, LPG, natural gas and electricity) on wall models built with pumice and aerated concrete. The optimum insulation thickness was calculated using the interest and inflation rates. The calculations were made by making use of the lifecycle cost analysis (LCCA). Insulation thickness that should be applied depending on the wall elements used in buildings can vary. Thus, examining the wall models, insulation materials and energy sources were examined, and the optimum insulation thicknesses, annual savings, and payback periods were found to be 3-15.6 mm, 30-63%, and 1.4-5.8 years, respectively, in the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Energy consumption in buildings accounts for a notable part of the primary energy consumption all over the world. The building industry also has a great potential to decrease the environmental impact by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The national strategies of many developing countries are shaped by energy conservation issues. Improving energy efficiency and productivity is stated as one of the main elements of the Turkish national energy strategy. An efficient way to decrease energy consumption in buildings is to implement insulation on the building envelope. Identifying the optimum insulation thickness to be applied on the exterior walls is of prime importance. This study adapts a stochastic approach to determine optimum insulation thickness for 81 cities in Turkey. The stochastic approach, unlike the commonly used deterministic approach, incorporates the probabilistic nature of the process and presents the optimum insulation thickness as a probability distribution graph rather than a single value. For this purpose, a number of insulation thicknesses (1-20 cm) were regarded as the alternatives and the optimum alternative was determined based on life cycle costing analysis involving the cost of insulation application and annual energy savings. The average monthly temperature of each city and financial parameters such as the inflation and discount rates were considered as the stochastic elements. The results of the life cycle costing analysis were used to (i) identify the optimum thicknesses in each city as a probability distribution graph and (ii) generate an optimum insulation thickness map for Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Textiles & Engineers / Tekstil ve Mühendis is the property of Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers & Architects, Chamber of Textile Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Binalarda kullanılan enerji tüketiminin yaklaşık olarak %70-80’i ısıtma, soğutma ve sıcak su üretimi amaçlıdır. Binalarda enerji tasarrufu için alınabilecek başlıca önlemlerden birisi ısı yalıtımıdır. Bu çalışmada Denizli ili için kış aylarında binaların ısıtılması ve yaz aylarında soğutulmasında enerji tasarrufu için farklı yakıt türlerinde optimum izolasyon kalınlıkları arasındaki en ekonomik kombinasyonun belirlenmesinde farklı izolasyon malzemeleri ve CO2 emisyonları dikkate alınarak karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma sunulmuştur. Bu amaçla derece-saat yöntemi ve ömür maliyet analizi kullanılmıştır. Hesaplamalar dört farklı yalıtım malzemesi ve iki farklı yakıt için yapılmıştır. Çalışmada maliyeti minimum yapan optimum izolasyon kalınlığı, Denizli ili için kış aylarında ısıtma için 0.012-0.031 m, yaz aylarında soğutma için ise 0.009-0.022 m arasında değişmektedir. CO2 emisyonu, artan yalıtım kalınlığı ile logaritmik olarak düşmektedir. Belirlenen koşullar için enerji tasarrufunda %22-24’lük farkla izolasyon malzemesi olarak camyünü uygunken, CO2 emisyonu azlığı bakımından %10-34’lük farkla poliüretan daha uygundur. Enerji tasarrufu dikkate alındığında kömür doğalgaza göre yaklaşık %9-11 arasında daha ekonomiktir. Çevre etkisi açısından ise doğalgaz, kömür ile ısıtmaya göre, %37-40 oranında CO2 emisyonu azlığı ile tercih edilebilir. Denizli ilinde CO2 emisyonu için en düşük değerler, poliüretan yalıtım malzemesi ile kaplı, ısıtma kaynağı olarak doğalgaz kullanılan binada elde edilmektedir.

Copyright of Journal of Polytechnic is the property of Journal of Polytechnic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tarımsal hammaddelerin güvenliği ve kalitesi gıda hizmet endüstrisinde önemlidir, çünkü hammaddeler sıcaklığa karşı hassastır ve bozulabilir. Bu nedenle, kalite ve güvenliği sağlamak için soğuk hava depolarında ve sıcaklık kontrollü araçlarda depolanmaları gerekir. Bu çalışma bir zincir restoranın mevcut soğuk zincir yönetimini incelemektedir. Amaç, sorunları belirlemek ve uygun soğuk hava depolarının ve sıcaklık kontrollü araçların nasıl kurulacağını önermektir. Çalışmanın kapsamı, dokuz şubesi, her bir şubeye hammadde göndermek için hammadde depolamak için iki frigorifik konteyner (20 feet) ve sıcaklık kontrollü üç kamyondan oluşan bir restorandır. Sorunu belirlemek için, restoran sahibi ve işletmecileri ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmış ve kızılötesi bir termal kamera ve veri kaydedici kullanarak soğuk hava deposu ve hammaddenin taşınması sırasındaki sıcaklığı kontrol edilmiştir. Ardından, sorunun nedenleri analiz edilmiş ve soğuk hava deposu ve dağıtım platformu tasarımı gibi iyileştirmeler önerilmiştir. Özetle, bu araştırma diğer soğuk hava depoları ve sıcaklık kontrollü kamyon kullanıcıları için faydalı olacaktır. Soğuk zincir verimliliğini, gıda güvenliğini ve aynı zamanda enerji maliyetinde tasarruf oranını artırabilir.

The safety and quality of agricultural raw materials are important in the food service industry because raw materials are temperature sensitive and perishable. Hence, they should be stored in cold storage and temperature-controlled truck to maintain quality and safety. This study investigates the current cold chain management of a chain restaurant. The objective is to identify the problems and suggest how to establish the proper cold storages and temperature-controlled trucks. The scope of the study is a restaurant having nine branches, two refrigerated containers (20 feet) for storing raw material and three temperature-controlled trucks for sending raw material to each branch. We conduct in-depth interviews with the restaurant owner and operators and check the temperature in cold storage and during transportation of raw material by using an infrared thermal camera and data logger to identify the problem. Then, we analyze the causes of the problem and suggest solutions for the improvement such as the design of cold storage and delivery platform. In summary, this research will be beneficial to other cold storage and temperature-controlled truck users. It can enhance the cold chain efficiency and food safety as well as energy cost-saving.

Fosil yakıtlardan kaynaklanan sera gazı emisyonları endüstri devriminden günümüze insanlık tarihinde hiç olmadığı kadar artış göstermiştir. Özellikle 1973’teki petrol krizinden bu yana enerjinin verimli kullanılması önem kazanmıştır. Ülkemizde en fazla enerji tüketimi konut ve hizmet sektöründe olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda yapılarda enerji tasarrufu sağlayan ısı yalıtım uygulamaları önem kazanmıştır. Isı yalıtım malzemelerinin ilk yatırım maliyeti fazla olsa da yapı ömrü boyunca fosil yakıtların kullanımlarını azaltıp, yapı kabuğunda meydana gelecek don hasarı, nem hasarı gibi problemlerin önüne geçer. Günümüzde iyi bir ısı yalıtım uygulaması için iyi işçiliğin yanı sıra kullanılacak malzemelerin özellikleri iyi bilinmelidir. Bu bağlamda yaygın kullanılan ısı yalıtım malzemelerinin incelenmiş ve özellikleri ortaya koyulmuştur. Daha sonra sistemler yaklaşımına dayalı seçim yöntemi olan Arıoğlu Yöntemi ile duvar kesitleri üzerinde performans değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın doğru yerde doğru ısı yalıtım malzemesinin seçiminde faydalı olacağı, bir rehber niteliği taşıyacağı düşünülmektedir.

Artan enerji talebi, akaryakıt fiyatları ve fosil yakıtlardan kaynaklanan olumsuz çevresel etkiler, yenilenebilir ve sürdürülebilir enerjiye olan talebi artırmaktadır. Bu nedenle, rüzgâr ve güneş enerjileri günlük hayatta kullanılabilir hale gelmiş ve bu tür sistemlerin verimliliği konusunda çalışmalar hızlanmıştır. Denizcilik sektöründe de benzer bir durum yaşanmış ve yakın zamanda yenilenebilir enerji gemiler için popüler hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, yakıt tüketimini ve çevre kirliliğini azaltmak amacıyla çalışma zamanının çoğunu demirde ya da iskelede geçiren bir barca rüzgâr ve güneş enerjisini kaynak olarak kullanan yenilenebilir hibrit bir enerji sistemi kurulmuştur. Kurulan sistem HOMER yazılımı ile optimize edilen konfigürasyonlarla mukayese edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, hibrit sistemin gemide kullanılmasıyla hesaplarda dikkate alınan süreçte yakıt tüketiminde ve emisyonlarda yaklaşık %39 oranında azalma sağlanmıştır. Sistemin geri ödeme süresi ise yaklaşık iki yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Rapidly evolving technology, increased internet speedand capacity, and the widespread use of mobile technologies have increased thedemands for faster applications and less power consumption of modern electronicsystems. In modern electronic systems, RAM is as effective as CPU in terms ofperformance and power consumption. Though DRAM is the most commonly used typeof main memory at the present, it is being insufficient to meet the increasingdemands. In order to overcome this problem, one of the topics studied isimproving DRAM in terms of performance and power consumption. Another study toaddress this increasing demand is the development of hybrid main memoryarchitectures. Hybrid Main Memory is one of the most recent studies on RAM.In this research, we investigate hybrid main memorysystems for a more efficient main memory architecture.

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research (TURKAGER) is the property of Publisher Ebubekir Altuntas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the design of a conventional press used in existing production lines is examined. It is concluded that the required pump flow rate in conventional presses is determined by the return flow requirement. In some cases, it has been observed that the engine power required for return is greater than the engine power required for the work. By adding hydraulic or pneumatic balancing cylinders to the system, weights affecting the hydraulic cylinders were reduced and the return speed in the existing system was increased. While the number of parts produced has increased, the energy consumption in the cycle has decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Günümüzde içme suyu şebekeleri hemen hemen her yerleşim bölgesinde mevcuttur ve içme suyu şebekesi yönetimi kaçınılmaz bir sorundur. Özellikle bu şebekeler çoğu yerlerde, kişilerin inisiyatifine bağlı olarak kontrolsüz bir şekilde yönetilmektedir. Bu sebeple enerji tüketimi, su sarfiyatı ve insan gücü kaybı oldukça fazladır. İçme suyu şebekelerinde temelde yüksek noktalarda su depoları bulunmakta, alçak noktalarda ise pompa istasyonu ile depolara su gönderilmektedir. Otomasyonsuz sistemlerde pompa istasyonundaki motor depolara görevli kişinin pompayı çalıştırması ile su göndermektedir. Eğer depo ile pompa istasyonu arasında haberleşme yoksa, kontrolsüz olarak zamanlamalı çalıştırılan pompa ile depo taşmaktadır. Bu sebeple su sarfiyatı, pompanın elektrik sarfiyatı ve sistemi çalıştırıp kontrolü sağlayan insan gücü kaybı ile motorun mekanik ömrünün azalması en önemli kayıplardır. Bu çalışmada Ankara ili Kızılcahamam ilçesinin içme suyu şebekesinin, bilgisayar kontrollü otomasyon sistemine çevrilmesi sağlanmıştır. İlçede içme suyu için 7 su deposu ve 8 pompa istasyonu bulunmaktadır. Çalışmanın tamamlanması ile su depolarının taşması veya depoların boş kalması engellenmiştir. Ayrıca pompa arızaları, elektrik sarfiyatı ve sistem kontrolünü sağlayan çalışan sayısı minimuma indirgenmiştir. Uygulanan sistem 2011 yılından günümüzde aktif olarak kullanılmaktadır.

Enerjinin %35’inin binalarda tüketildiği ve binalarda tüketilen enerjinin de %80’i ısıtma amaçlı kullanıldığı göz önüne alınırsa, binalara kurulacak daha verimli ısıtma sistemlerinin yanı sıra binalara uygulanacak uygun ısı yalıtımları ile büyük enerji tasarrufu sağlanacağı çok önem arz etmektedir. Isı yalıtımında istenilen performansın sağlanması, yalıtım uygulama tekniklerine eksiksiz olarak uyulmasının yanında yalıtım malzemesinin özellikleri ile de doğrudan ilişkili bir durumdur. Genleştirilmiş perlit mevcut kullanılan diğer ısı yalıtım malzemelerinin yalıtım değerlerine yakın ısı yalıtım özelliklerinin yanında perlitin puzolanik özelliğinden dolayı zamanla dayanım kazanarak sonsuz ömre doğru gitmesi, yalıtım işlemi tabaka halinde bütün olarak yapıldığından ısı köprülerinin oluşumunu engellemesi, çok yüksek yangın dayanımı, ses yalıtımı, havayı teneffüs ederek duvar yüzeyi ile sıva yüzeyi arasında buhar oluşumunu engelleyerek küf ve bakteri oluşumunu engellemesi ve doğal olduğundan ortama zararlı kimyasal yayınımı olmaması gibi faydalı özellikleri nedeni ile günümüzde alternatif ısı yalıtım malzemesi olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Erzincan ilinde bir deney odası yapılmış ve günümüzde ısı yalıtım malzemesi olarak en çok kullanılan EPS ile genleştirilmiş perlitin ısı yalıtım performansının karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Alınan ölçüm verilerinin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda 8 cm’lik genleştirilmiş perlit ile 6 cm’lik EPS ısı yalıtım malzemelerinin ısı yalıtım kapasitelerinin denk olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Merkezi ısıtma ve soğutma sistemlerinin en önemli parçası olan klima santrallerinde soğutucu serpantin üzerinden büyük miktarda su yoğuşmakta ve bu su genellikle en yakın gidere verilmektedir. Uygulamada da bu su, büyük bir atık olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Hâlbuki özellikle %100 dış hava ile çalışan sistemlerdeki bu soğuk su depolanarak evaporatif soğutma da dâhil olmak üzere birçok uygulamada değerlendirilebilir. Bu çalışmada, klima santrallerinde yoğuşan suyun yeniden kullanımına yönelik farklı tasarımlar önerilmiştir. Çalışmada üç farklı sistem üzerinde incelemeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci sistemde %100 taze havalı bir klima santralinden elde edilen yoğuşma suyunun, karışım havalı bir klima santralinin serpantininde ön soğutucu olarak kullanılması incelenmiştir. İkinci sistemde ise %100 taze havalı veya karışım havalı klima santralinin soğutucu serpantininde yoğuşan su bir soğutma kuleli chiller cihazında besleme suyu olarak değerlendirilmesi araştırılmıştır. Üçüncü sistemde ise %100 taze havalı veya karışım havalı klima santralinin soğutucu serpantininde yoğuşan suyun hava soğutmalı kondenserli bir chiller cihazında kullanımı incelenmiştir. Yapılan psikrometrik hesaplamalar, %100 taze hava ile çalışan bir klima santralinde yaklaşık 80 kW’lık gizli ısının, tasarlanan bu sistemler aracılığıyla duyulur ısı olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Approximately 70-80% of the buildings' energy consumption is for heating, cooling, and hot water production. One of the main measures that can be taken to save energy in buildings is thermal insulation. In this study, a comparative study is presented by considering different insulation materials and CO2 emissions to determine the most economical combination between the optimum insulation thicknesses of different fuel types for heating and cooling of buildings in the Denizli province. For this purpose, a degree-hour method and life cost analysis is used. Calculations are made for four different insulating materials and two different fuels. The optimum insulation thickness, which minimizes the study's cost, varied between 0.012-0.031 m for heating in winter and 0.009-0.022 m for cooling in summer. CO2 emissions are decreasing logarithmically with increasing insulation thickness. Under specified conditions, glass wool is more suitable with a 22-24% difference in energy saving; polyurethane is more suitable with a 10-34% difference in terms of low CO2 emissions. While considering energy saving, coal is more economical between 9-11% compared to natural gas. Natural gas could be preferred with 37-40% CO2 emission reduction compared to heating with coal in terms of environmental impact. The lowest values for CO2 emission in the Denizli province are obtained in the building covered with polyurethane insulation material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development (IJERAD) is the property of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, considering the climatic and meteorological conditions of Gümüşhane, the change of the insulation thickness (4-5-6 and 8 cm) and the total heat transfer coefficient for different insulation materials (XPS, EPS and Rock wool) are investigated. With these changing parameters, the annual energy need for heating is calculated based on the uninsulated and partially insulated condition (floor and ceiling insulated) and evaluated comparatively. Calculations are made with "TS 825 Calculation Program" created by the heat, water, sound and fire insulators association (İzoder) within the scope of TS 825 standards. Insulation thickness that should be applied in accordance with the wall elements which used in architectures can vary, thus the minimum insulation thickness to be applied for Gümüşhane province is calculated as 4 cm considering the wall cross-sectional properties of the sample architecture. As a result of the calculations, it has been observed that the annual energy need changes with the insulation material. It has been calculated that the insulation of the roof provides 27.6% energy saving compared to the completely uninsulated condition, and insulation of the floor and walls contacting the soil provides 16.9% energy saving. On the vertical wall contacting with air, this value varies between 10.5%-17% depending on the insulation material [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of the lighting need in terms of comfort, health, safety and quality of life reveals the existence of a lighting system and need specific to different ambient conditions. The level of illumination of the training areas is determined within the scope of international standards. In addition to enlightenment, energy and its costs, which are among the important issues of today, are the subject of many research, development and application studies in order to meet the need for optimum lighting with minimum energy. Within the scope of this study, the illumination level provided by the existing tube fluorescent luminaire was measured in 10 classrooms in an educational institution and the illumination level was determined to be above 300 lux level specified in the standards. Although the lighting level is enough, it is evaluated that the required lighting level can be saved by changing the existing luminaires with led luminaires. With the change to be realized, 8161.56 kWh energy saving provision is determined as 3388.68 TL. It is considered that the existing luminaires can be replaced with an investment of 19500TL and the payback period is 5.75 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safety and quality of agricultural raw materials are important in the food service industry because raw materials are temperature sensitive and perishable. Hence, they should be stored in cold storage and temperature-controlled truck to maintain quality and safety. This study investigates the current cold chain management of a chain restaurant. The objective is to identify the problems and suggest how to establish the proper cold storages and temperature-controlled trucks. The scope of the study is a restaurant having nine branches, two refrigerated containers (20 feet) for storing raw material and three temperature-controlled trucks for sending raw material to each branch. We conduct in-depth interviews with the restaurant owner and operators and check the temperature in cold storage and during transportation of raw material by using an infrared thermal camera and data logger to identify the problem. Then, we analyze the causes of the problem and suggest solutions for the improvement such as the design of cold storage and delivery platform. In summary, this research will be beneficial to other cold storage and temperature-controlled truck users. It can enhance the cold chain efficiency and food safety as well as energy cost-saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy need per person is increasing rapidly due to advancing technology nowadays. One of the ways to meet the increasing energy needs is to increase energy production while the other one is to conserve energy consumed. Especially with the energy crisis experienced after 1973, the efficient use of energy has gained importance. In our country, the energy saving potential used in heating and cooling applications in houses is quite high. This energy saving which will be obtained especially in heating applications in our country which has regions with long and cold winters is very important both for the country economy and for reducing the environmental pollution. In this study, uninsulated and insulated conditions of a public building (lodging) located in Gümüşhane were examined and the adequacy of the insulation applications was investigated according to TS 825 standards. Insulated and uninsulated thermal images of the building were taken and heat bridges formed in the building were determined. The results of the study show that insulation in the application project in the building is not sufficient according to TS 825 standards and therefore there are losses in energy saving. In addition, it is seen that saving can be achieved up to 50% with insulation applied according to the standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Buca Faculty of Education Journal / Buca Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Buca Faculty of Education Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main purpose of healthcare facilities is to treat patients, enhance and maintain public health and help patients to spend a healthier life after their treatment. Yet considerably higher energy consumption rates in the healthcare facilities with respect to other commercial building types results in increased service costs which contradicts the mentioned goals. Providing the public with adequate, proper and timely health services may not be possible without cutting down preventable operation costs. In this research possible solutions for reducing energy consumptions of hospital buildings are investigated with the aim of decreasing the energy and consequently service costs. In this regard a prototype hospital building is studied by developing its energy model compliant with local codes and regulations. Later, this model is used as baseline to evaluate the enhancement of integrated design parameters like building orientation and window to wall ratio along with improvements to building systems which have a significant impact on building energy performance such as HVAC, lighting and building envelope systems. Moreover, effectiveness of each parameter is compared for four different climate zones. It was observed that by applying appropriate architectural, electrical and mechanical enhancements and utilizing renewable energy systems significant levels of energy conservation could be achieved and emission rates could be cut down nearly by half. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the optimum insulation thickness, energy savings and payback periods were calculated based on life-cycle cost analysis for the cities of Balıkesir, Kayseri, Malatya, Mersin, Muğla, Şanlıurfa and Trabzon. These cities were selected from Turkey's four climate zones. The calculations were carried out for coal as energy source, expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) as insulation materials on two types of walls: (1) sandwich and (2) externally insulated. Results indicated that insulation thicknesses varied between 0.002-0.049 m, with the amount of life-cycle energy saving as 0.629-21.047 $/m2 and a payback period of 0.3- 6.5 years depending on the type of fuel, insulation material and wall-type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the expansion and the rapid development of railway systems result with the increase in the amount of the energy needed by these systems. However, maintenance, repair costs and energy consumption levels of railway systems which already have high initial investment costs, have reached high-order. Governments which effectively use railway systems have many studies with universities and R&D departments to decrease these maintenance costs and increase the lifetime of investments. In this study, route selection (reservation) for the trains in a depot area which is operated by fixed-block signaling system is realized according to two different criteria. The first criteria is energy saving in which the total number of points on a route is calculated, the second criteria is point co-aging in which the total number of point movements (point age) are equalized to each other. Both algorithms are realized and compared with random dispatcher behaviour. It is verified by the simulation results that the proposed algorithms decreases the costs and provides energy saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education is the property of International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Today, water supply networks are available in almost residential area and water supply network management is an inevitable question. In particular, this network is managed in the villages and districts in an uncontrolled manner due to the initiative of the people. For this reason, energy consumption, water consumption and loss of human power are considerable. In the water supply networks basically there are water reservoirs at high points and in the low points water is being pumped with pump station. In automation-free systems, the engine in the pump station is flooded with water. If there is no communication between the tank and the pumping station, the tank is run with uncontrolled timed pump. For this reason, water consumption, pump power consumption and loss of man power that enables the system to operate and control and the decrease of the engine mechanical life are the most important losses. In order to eliminate these problems, automation works of water supply networks are being developed more and more day by day. In this study, the water supply network of Kızılcahamam district of Ankara was converted into a computer controlled automation system. There are 7 water tanks and 8 pumping stations for drinking water in the district. With the completion of the work, the flood of water tanks or the storage of the tanks is prevented. In addition, the number of employees providing pump failures, electricity consumption and system control has been reduced to a minimum. The applied system has been actively used from 2011 to today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sanayi devriminden günümüze kadar geçen sürede enerjinin kullanımı belirgin miktarda artış göstermiştir. Dünyadaki her bir bireyin de enerji ihtiyacı her gün artmaktadır. İhtiyaç büyük oranda yeni kaynakların devreye sokulması ve enerji üretiminin artırılmasıyla karşılansa da, toplumsal düzlemde verimlilik ve tasarruf bilincini yaygınlaştırmak da toplam etki açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Türkiye örneği üzerinden bakıldığında, enerji verimliliği konusunda bireylerin yeterli bilince sahip olmadıkları görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda enerji tasarrufu konusunda tüketicilerin enerjiyi bilinçli kullanımının önemi açıklığa kavuşmaktadır. Öte yandan tüketicilerin ürünlere yönelik bilgi kaynağı olarak televizyonu kullandıkları bilinmektedir. Özellikle ürüne yönelik tüketici davranışları incelendiğine medya metinlerinin bireyler üzerindeki en önemli bilgi kaynağı olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca, iletişim araştırmalarındaki etki çalışmaları göz önüne alındığında bu metinlerin davranış değişikliği yaratma ve ideoloji oluşturma yönündeki katkısı da açıktır. Çalışma bu noktada, tüketicilerin satın alma davranışlarının oluşturulmasında etkili olan enerji verimliliğiyle ilgili haberleri ve beyaz eşya reklamlarını analiz ederek, bu metinlerde enerji verimliliği ve tasarruf kavramlarının nasıl işlendiğini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Böylece proje sonucunda, enerji verimliliğiyle ilgili haberlerin ve reklamların özellikleri, olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır.

Bu çalışmada deniz araçlarında elektrikle tahrik, sürekli mıknatıslı senkron makineler kullanımına dair bilgiler verilmekte ve yük karakteristikleri bakımından inceleme yapılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte sürekli mıknatıslı senkron motorlarda kayıpları oluşturan konular ele alınmaktadır. Makine kayıplarını azaltmada kullanılan amper başına maksimum moment ve kayıp minimizasyon algoritmaları benzeşim sonuçları karşılaştırılmaktadır

Copyright of Omer Halisdemir Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Economics & Admistrative Sciene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Communication Theory & Research / Iletisim Kuram ve Arastirma Dergisi is the property of Gazi University, Faculty of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Enerji tasarrufu, günümüzde üzerinde durulan en önemli konulardan birisidir. Hayatın hemen hemen her alanında kullanılan bilgisayarların da, daha az güçte ve verimli bir şekilde kullanılması enerji tasarrufu için çok önemlidir. Enerji tasarrufu için bilgisayarlar daha az güçte çalışacak şekilde tasarlanabilmektedir fakat bilgisayarların kullanılmadığı zaman periyotlarında enerji harcaması, enerji tasarrufu açısından tam tersi bir etki yapmaktadır. Bilgisayarın bileşenleri içinde en fazla enerji tüketen birimlerden birisi monitördür. Dolayısıyla bilgisayarın kullanılmadığı zaman aralıklarında monitörün kapatılması enerji tasarrufu için çok önemlidir. Bu konuda kullanıcılar, bilgisayarı kullanmayacağı sürede; monitörü kapatmakta, yazılımsal güç yönetim modunu kullanmakta ya da monitörü açık bırakmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bilgisayarın kısa veya uzun sürelerde kullanılmadığı zamanlarda, kullanıcı bilgisayar başından kalktığında monitörü otomatik olarak kapatan, kullanıcı bilgisayar başına geldiğinde monitörü otomatik olarak açan bir kontrol kartı tasarlanmış ve uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu sayede diğer tüm tasarruf yöntemlerinden daha fazla elektrik enerjisi tasarrufu sağlandığı görülmüştür.