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The energy problem in green manufacturing has attracted enormous attention from researchers and practitioners in the manufacturing domain with the global energy crisis and the aggravation of environmental pollution. The distributed blocking flow shop scheduling problem (DBFSP) has considerable application scenarios in connection with its widespread application in the industry under the background of intelligent manufacturing. A multi-objective discrete differential evolution (MODE) algorithm is proposed to solve the energy-efficient distributed blocking flow shop scheduling problem (EEDBFSP) with the objectives of the makespan and total energy consumption (TEC) in this paper. The cooperative initialisation strategy is proposed to generate the initial population of the EEDBFSP. The mutation, crossover, and selection operators are redesigned to enable the MODE algorithm as applied to discrete space. A local search strategy based on the knowledge of five operators is introduced to enhance the exploitation capability of the MODE algorithm in the EEDBFSP. The non-critical path energy-efficient strategy is proposed to reduce energy consumption according to the specific constraints in the EEDBFSP. The effectiveness of each strategy in the MODE algorithm is verified and compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms. The numerical results demonstrate that the MODE algorithm is the efficient optimiser for solving the EEDBFSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing hot carriers for efficient plasmon‐mediated chemical reactions (PMCRs) to convert solar energy into secondary energy is one of the most feasible solutions to the global environmental and energy crisis. Finding a plasmonic heterogeneous nanostructure with a more efficient and reasonable hot carrier transport path without affecting the intrinsic plasmonic properties is still a major challenge that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Herein, the mechanism by which plasmon‐promoted interatomic hot electron redistribution on the surface of Au3Cu alloy nanoparticles promotes the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) is successfully clarified. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect can boost the transfer of plasmon hot electrons from Au atoms to Cu atoms, trigger the interatomic electron regulation of Au3Cu alloy nanoparticles, enhance the desorption of ammonia molecules, and increase the ammonia yield by approximately 93.9 %. This work provides an important reference for rationally designing and utilizing the LSPR effect to efficiently regulate the distribution and mechanism of plasmon hot carriers on the surface of heterogeneous alloy nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) can simultaneously convert two greenhouse gases, CH 4 and CO 2 , into high value-added synthetic gas, which can effectively alleviate the energy crisis and optimize the human ecological environment. In this work, the effect of Mg addition method on the activity of the Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 pyrochlore supported Ni catalysts was investigated in DRM. The H 2 -TPR and XPS results showed that Mg modification enhanced the interaction between Ni and Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 pyrochlore support. Thus, much smaller Ni grains with better thermal stability could be achieved on the Mg doped Ni/Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 catalyst, as evidenced by the XRD, H 2 -TPD and TEM results. CO 2 -assistant CH 4 -TPSR demonstrated that Mg surface modification can facilitate the reaction between the activated CO 2 ∗ and the H∗ produced by CH 4 dissociation. Mg incorporation increased the basic site of the Ni/Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 catalyst, as evidenced by CO 2 -TPD-MS results, which was conducive to the adsorption and activation of CO 2 to promote the removal of coke deposition. Consequently, Ni/Y 1·5 Mg 0·5 Ti 2 O 7 and Ni–MgO/Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 catalysts exhibit higher stability and more potent coke resistance than the unmodified Ni/Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 sample. It is concluded that higher Ni0 dispersion and more mobile active oxygen species are the main reasons for the improvement of activity and coke resistance of the Ni/Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 catalysts. In addition, in situ DRIFTS results confirmed that CO 2 activation of all catalysts followed the formate intermediate species path. [Display omitted] • More alkaline sites and mobile oxygen species could be obtained by Mg doping. • Mg doping enhanced the stronger interaction between Ni sites and Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 support. • Mg doping accelerated the reaction between activated CO 2 ∗ and dissociated H∗. • Ni–MgO/Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 exhibited good activity-stability and potent coke-resistance. • CO 2 activation on these catalysts followed the formate intermediate species path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing efficient photocatalysts is one of green and low cost tactic for addressing the environmental deterioration and energy crisis. Therefore, it remains a fantastic and important strategy to design an efficient junction between different semiconductors for harvesting solar light, boosting the redox capability. Herein, the fabrication of ZnS in situ decorated CdIn 2 S 4 (referred to as CIS-Zx) were prepared by converting ZnS particles on Cd 2 In 4 S surface by a facile cation exchange method during solvothermal synthesis. According to a series of PEC measurements and DFT calculations, the bending of band edge as well as the establishing of built-in electric field in the interface of CIS/ZnS heterojunction were concluded, causing the formation of in-situ S-scheme heterojunctions in CdIn 2 S 4 /ZnS. The in-situ S-scheme heterojunctions can effectively ameliorate the migration behaviors of photo-generated charges. Compared with pure CdInS 4 , ZnS and physically mixed CdIn 2 S 4 /ZnS, the CIS-Zx in-situ S-scheme heterojunction exhibits efficient photocatalytic activity and stability in the selective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds and oxidation of aromatic alcohols, it is hoped that this work will open up a new avenue for innovative applications of in-situ S-scheme heterojunctions. [Display omitted] • An in-situ heterojunction was fabricated by a cation exchange method. • The S-scheme mechanism was certified by DFT calculation and PEC characterization. • Such in-situ S-scheme heterojunction shows significantly improved selective redox abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photocatalytic H 2 production technology exhibits promising potential in addressing the challenges of environmental pollution and energy crisis. In this work, CuS particles decorated MoS 2 seaweed spheres (MoS 2 /CuS) were synthesized through a hydrothermal method, then they are loaded on the surface of g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets using a solvent evaporation strategy to form MoS 2 /CuS/g-C 3 N 4 double S-scheme heterojunction. The investigation reveals the H 2 production rate of 25 wt % MoS 2 /CuS/g-C 3 N 4 can reach up to 1438 μmol·g-1·h-1, which is 14.8-fold of g-C 3 N 4 (97 μmol·g-1·h-1). Further studies indicate that the introduction of MoS 2 /CuS can broaden the light absorption range, increase electrochemical specific surface area, reduce the activation energy for H 2 production and increase hydrophilicity of the composite. Especially, CuS can suppress carrier recombination effectively through its electron storage and release ability. Based on the experimental and theoretical analysis of band structures, the charge transfer in MoS 2 /CuS/g-C 3 N 4 shares optimized double S-scheme charge transfer pathways with a dual reduction site, leading to an enhanced H 2 evolution kinetics. This work offers valuable insights for the advancement of novel double S-scheme heterojunctions, showcasing their potential in energy storage and photothermal enhancement effects. In the MoS 2 /CuS/g-C 3 N 4 double S-scheme heterojunction, the difference of Fermi level facilitates e− transfers from MoS 2 and g-C 3 N 4 to CuS (Cu2+ + e−→ Cu+), enabling CuS to act as an electron reservoir. In addition, oxidized semiconductor (CuS) release e− that recombine with the holes of MoS 2 and g-C 3 N 4. The capacitive properties of the composite, combined with the presence of dual reduction site, can significantly enhance the kinetic reaction for H 2 production. [Display omitted] • MoS 2 /CuS/g-C 3 N 4 double S-scheme is obtained by a solvent evaporation strategy. • Double S-scheme heterojunction can provide two reduction sites for H 2 evolution. • Double S-scheme charge separation route can retain the high reactivity of charges. • The capacitive property of CuS can efficiently hinder the recombination of charges. • MoS 2 /CuS/g-C 3 N 4 exhibits good stability and superior activity for H 2 production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of hydrogen via water electrolysis is an important step towards resolving the energy crisis and impeding global warming, as hydrogen can be used as a green energy carrier. The oxygen evolution as one half‐cell reaction (OER) is currently limiting efficient water splitting due to kinetic inhibition as well as a complex mechanism, causing a large overpotential. Nickel‐iron layered double hydroxides (LDH) were found to be suitable OER catalysts, as they are cost effective, stable and highly active. This work focuses on the intercalation of different organic and inorganic borates into the LDH interlayers to study their influence on OER. Besides activity and stability measurements, three borate candidates were chosen for a kinetic study, including steady‐state Tafel analysis and reaction order plots. It was found that the Bockris pathway with the second step as rate‐determining step was predominant for all three catalysts. Of all candidates, the intercalation of borate resulted in the highest performance, which was associated with a high reducibility affecting the active metal sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the complex interconnections among global population growth, energy consumption, CO2 production, and disparities in service access through the lens of a single case study. Rapid population growth in many major cities has created significant challenges related to equitable access to services and socio-economic development, thereby impacting both their energy consumption patterns and environmental impacts. The case investigated in this study, like many other cases in developing countries, exhibits differences in service provision, infrastructure development, and energy usage, particularly between the northern and southern regions, which significantly affect the quality of life, environmental sustainability, and economic development. Previous efforts to narrow these geographic disparities have yielded limited success and exhibited several shortcomings. By employing a GIS Analytical Network Process method, this study examines service accessibility patterns in a single-case city, with a particular emphasis on green spaces, food services, and educational facilities and services. This GIS-based approach seeks to achieve sustainable levels of access to multiple land uses by evaluating their accessibility and identifying areas of overlap between them. The study endeavors to increase access and density of service standards when planning the placement of new facilities based on these standards in new locations. The method developed in this study represents a critical stride toward achieving these key objectives. The findings reveal that only 47% of city population blocks enjoy high service accessibility, while 40% have moderate accessibility, and 2.6% experience poor accessibility. These insights are of significant value to urban planners, researchers, and policymakers striving to reduce energy shortages and promote sustainable energy and transportation strategies to mitigate environmental impact in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to valuable products possesses huge potential to alleviate environmental and energy crisis. It is well known that Ag favors the conversion of CO2 to CO but the exposed active sites and stability are still rather limited. In this study, a novel one‐dimensional Ag‐based metal‐organic framework (1D Ag‐NIM‐MOF) was successfully synthesized and used in the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) for the first time. As a result, the Faradaic efficiency of CO achieved 94.5% with current density of 12.5 mA·cm–2 in an H‐type cell and 98.2% with current density of 161 mA·cm–2 in a flow cell at –1.0 V (vs. RHE), which stands as a new benchmark of Ag‐based MOFs in the electrocatalytic CO2RR. The excellent performance of 1D Ag‐NIM‐MOF is attributed to its peculiar one‐dimensional structure, which is beneficial for diffusion of reactants and products, and exposure of much more catalytic sites. Compared to commercial Ag nanoparticles, 1D Ag‐NIM‐MOF exhibits superior electrocatalytic CO2RR performance with higher catalytic activity and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oleaginous green microalgae are often mentioned in algae-based biodiesel industry, but most of them belong to specific genus (Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Botryococcus and Desmodesmus). Thus, the microalgal germplasm resources for biodiesel production are limited. Mutagenesis is regarded as an important technology for expanding germplasm resources. The main purpose of this study is to screen microalgae strains with high carbon dioxide tolerance and high lipid content from mutants derived from indigenous non-oleaginous green microalgae species—Ulothrix SDJZ-17. Two mutants with high CO2 tolerance and high lipid content genetic stability were obtained from the mutants by high-throughput screening, named Ulothrix SDJZ-17-A20 and Ulothrix SDJZ-17-A23. In order to evaluate the potential of CO2 fixation and biofuel production, A20 and A23 were cultured under air and 15% CO2 (v/v) conditions, and their wild-type strains (WT) were used as controls. Under the condition of high CO2 concentration, the growth performance and lipid production capacity of mutant strains A20 and A23 were not only significantly better than those of wild strains, but also better than those of their own cultured under air conditions. Among them, A23 obtained the highest LCE (light conversion efficiency) (14.79%), Fv/Fm (maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II) (71.04%) and biomass productivity (81.26 mg L−1 d−1), while A20 obtained the highest lipid content (22.45%). Both mutants can be used as candidate strains for CO2 fixation and biofuel production. By ARTP (atmospheric and room temperature plasma) mutagenesis with high-throughput screening, the mutants with higher CO2 tolerance, photosynthetic efficiency and lipid productivity can be obtained, even if they are derived from non-oleaginous microalgae, which is of great significance for enriching the energy microalgae germplasm bank, alleviating the global warming and energy crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar light‐driven conversion of CO2 into chemicals with high calorific value is regarded as an upcoming carbon utilization technology for alleviating the energy crisis. This technique faces the challenge of low CO2 conversion and product yield due to charge recombination in the catalyst. In this paper, a dual‐reaction site heterojunction catalyst was designed and fabricated by combining NiO with Bi3O4Br nanosheets, for the separation of CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation semireactions, which effectively promoted electrons and holes separation. The resulting catalyst exhibited a high CH4 production rate (8.12 µmol/g) and selectivity (94.69%). Electron distribution and band structure were investigated to explain the satisfactory catalytic performance. In addition, combining the in‐situ DRIFTS results, a formic acid‐intermediated CO2‐to‐CH4 reaction pathway was proposed. This work aims to pave the way for CH4 production via CO2 photoreduction with high efficiency and selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell is an advanced and mature photovoltaic cell. Development of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting devices for hydrogen fuel production using SHJ solar cells is considered as a promising approach to address energy crisis. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to deposit passivation layer and cocatalyst layer on the photoelectrode. However, the development of low‐cost and scalable preparation methods for high‐quality passivation and cocatalyst layer continues to be a significant challenge. Herein, an efficient passivation layer and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst are successfully fabricated via solution processed methods. To improve the HER activity of Ni3S2, a Ni3S2‐based nanoheterostructure of crystalline Ni3S2, Ni, and amorphous Y(OH)3 is constructed. The optimized photocathode exhibits excellent PEC‐HER performance, which achieves a saturated photocurrent of −35.5 mA cm−2 and an applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency (ABPE) of 8.4 ± 0.1% under simulated AM1.5G one‐sun illumination and more than 120 h of continuous water splitting. This study paves a way for the design and large‐scale manufacturing of cost‐efficient SHJ photocathode devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to valuable products possesses huge potential to alleviate environmental and energy crisis. It is well known that Ag favors the conversion of CO2 to CO but the exposed active sites and stability are still rather limited. In this study, a novel one‐dimensional Ag‐based metal‐organic framework (1D Ag‐NIM‐MOF) was successfully synthesized and used in the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) for the first time. As a result, the Faradaic efficiency of CO achieved 94.5% with current density of 12.5 mA·cm–2 in an H‐type cell and 98.2% with current density of 161 mA·cm–2 in a flow cell at –1.0 V (vs. RHE), which stands as a new benchmark of Ag‐based MOFs in the electrocatalytic CO2RR. The excellent performance of 1D Ag‐NIM‐MOF is attributed to its peculiar one‐dimensional structure, which is beneficial for diffusion of reactants and products, and exposure of much more catalytic sites. Compared to commercial Ag nanoparticles, 1D Ag‐NIM‐MOF exhibits superior electrocatalytic CO2RR performance with higher catalytic activity and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing efficient, stable and low‐cost electrocatalysts is a viable approach to solve the current energy crisis. It is found that increasing the surface area of the electrodes can effectively promote the electrocatalytic efficiency. Herein, the atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) technology was used to prepare FeCoNi‐Ni3C alloy coating by adding Ni3C powder to FeCoNi powder with an equal molar ratio. After mechanical mixing, the atomic ratios of Ni3C in the powder are 25 %, 50 %, and 75 %, respectively. The results prove that the pores on the surface of the coating have increased after Ni3C doping, which can provide more active sites in the electrocatalytic process to promote the electrocatalytic reaction. By controlling the proportion of Ni3C, the porosity of the coating surface can be effectively regulated. The results suggested that in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte and 10 mA cm−2, the FeCoNi coating shows an overpotential of 191 and 277 mV for HER and OER, respectively, the HER overpotential of 50 at % Ni3C FeCoNi‐Ni3C coating is 105 mV, and the OER overpotential is 212 mV. It is worth noting that the 50 at % Ni3C FeCoNi–Ni3C coating has a low Tafel slope of 45.78 mV dec−1 (HER) and 44 mV dec−1 (OER). Meanwhile, the attenuation of the overpotential of the 50 at % Ni3C FeCoNi–Ni3C coating after the stability test is almost negligible, indicating that the prepared catalyst has excellent electrocatalytic stability. Furthermore, the 50 at.% Ni3C FeCoNi‐Ni3C coating catalyst has a low potential of 1.664 V at 10 mA cm−2 in a water‐splitting system. This work provids a new idea for designing inexpensive electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) for producing high‐value‐added organic compounds is of great research interest due to its potential in alleviating the energy crisis. Herein, a facile NH4Cl‐assisted electrodeposition strategy is reported to fabricate 3D nano‐forest array‐like hollow nanostructures. The hierarchical heterojunction by combining phosphorus doping Co(OH)2 nanosheets with Cu2S nanotube arrays (P‐Co(OH)2@Cu2S NTs/CF) is developed to realize the optimization on GOR. The optimized P‐Co(OH)2@Cu2S NTs/CF catalyst exhibits an exceptional activity with a formate Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 97.40% at a potential of 1.30 V (vs RHE). The experimental results indicate that this unique hollow nano‐forest structure, grown on a conductive support, can expose more active sites and facilitate electron transfer, thereby demonstrating excellent GOR performance. This work provides new opportunities for the design of electrocatalysts of high‐activity and low‐cost hollow heterostructure electrocatalysts for glycerol electrooxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoelectrochemical water splitting represents a promising approach for directly converting solar energy into green hydrogen, offering a potential solution to the challenges of energy shortages and environmental pollution. In this work, a WO3/ZnWO4 binary heterojunction was synthesised by a simple and effective one-step drop casting method to enhance the charge separation efficiency; ZnFe LDH was deposited on the surface of the heterojunction with the aim of accelerating water oxidation and synergising with the heterojunction to enhance the photoelectrochemical performance of the photoanode. The photocurrent density of the WO3/ZnWO4/ZnFe LDH electrode can reach 2.1 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V (vs. RHE). This value is approximately 4 times greater than that observed for pure WO3 (0.53 mA cm−2). The IPCE and ABPE were able to improve by 3.1 times and 6 times, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational design of bifunctional photocatalysts with high adsorption and enrichment characteristics and excellent photocatalytic redox activity is an effective way to address environmental pollution and energy shortage crisis. In this study, cyclophosphazene‐derived porous organic polymer (PCPD) microspheres with P─N linkage are coated with graphene oxide (GO) and loaded with Ag0 nanoparticles (NPs) to prepare covalently bonded xAg‐rGO/PCPD composites. The catalyst with the highest specific surface area (denoted as 2.5Ag‐rGO/PCPD) shows excellent adsorption capacity for fluoroquinolone antibiotics, removing 96.2% of ciprofloxacin (CIP) through adsorption. By applying the catalyst with the best photocatalytic redox activity (denoted as 5Ag‐rGO/PCPD), 82.97% of refractory sulfonamide antibiotics are removed through adsorption‐degradation, and 635.3 µmol g−1 of CO and 162.3 µmol g−1 of CH4 are generated as products of CO2 photoreduction alone. Among the co‐catalytic systems, the highest CO yield of 9.16 µmol g−1 is obtained by coupling CO2 reduction with levofloxacin (LVX) degradation to harness the electron‐donating power of the pollutant molecule. This study is expected to provide useful guidance for the rational design of bifunctional photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen energy is considered a potential solution to the energy crisis and environmental pollution concerns. Pure hydrogen can be produced from electrochemical water splitting, however, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the primary obstacle due to its sluggish reaction kinetics. Introducing methanol oxidation is one possible solution to replace OER for water splitting to produce hydrogen as an energy source. In this article, a NiCo₂O₄-based wool-ball electrocatalyst was prepared via a solvothermal process followed by annealing. The catalyst showed high purity and a wool-ball structure, where the threads are arranged in different patterns and composed of sub-nano-sized spheres. The catalyst exhibited an excellent response to oxidation reactions and reduced severely the potential for 250 mV, when 1.17 mM of methanol was introduced into a 1 M KOH solution. The catalyst also demonstrated good performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), however, there was a reduction in performance in the presence of methanol. This might be due to the formation of a methanol layer that inhibits the HER in the KOH solution, as methanol does not participate in HER. This resistance was confirmed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical surface area (ECSA) measurements, where the ECSA value in KOH was 4.10, which reduced to 2.63 in the presence of methanol. The catalyst exhibited excellent stability for both HER and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) over a long duration of 3600 s. • The NiCo 2 O 4 reduce the overpotential for 240 mV. • NiCo 2 O 4 based wool-ball are prepared via solvothermal follow by annealing method. • The catalyst showed excellent stability for 3600 s and high ECSA of 12.88 mF/cm2. • The catalyst follow Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism as per Tafel slope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jordan is currently facing an energy crisis characterized by a heavy dependence on imported fossil fuels, prompting the nation to target a 50% share of renewable energy by 2030. This study introduces a novel approach by simulating hybrid solar-geothermal heat pump systems tailored to various Jordanian locations, assessing both their energy efficiency and economic feasibility. Unlike previous studies that focused solely on geothermal or solar technologies, this research uniquely combines these two renewable sources, offering a comprehensive evaluation across multiple climates. Key findings include the superior performance factors of vertical (4.0) and horizontal geothermal heat pumps (4.2) in Amman, compared to the air-to-water heat pump (3.5). Additionally, Aqaba station demonstrated an exceptional solar contribution, meeting 99.34% of heating demand, while Amman achieved 77.93%. Notably, Maan station provided the highest solar contribution for space heating at 6,902 kWh/year, and Amman airport station led in CO2 emission avoidance at 2,120.29 kg/year. The economic analysis revealed that while vertical heat pump systems were economically unviable with a negative NPV of -4,987.51 JD, horizontal and air-to-water systems showed promising NPVs of 5,734.27 JD and 8,428.46 JD, respectively, with payback periods of 9.44 and 6.5 years. Additionally, this study is the first to employ both the fuzzy Best–Worst Method (BWM) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques to rank station suitability, identifying Maan station as the most optimal and Ghor El-Safi as the least. The results underscore the potential of hybrid solar-geothermal systems to significantly reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions, despite initial financial barriers, and highlight the importance of further investment in geothermal technologies to enhance Jordan's energy security and reduce fossil fuel dependency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear energy is a competitive and environmentally friendly low‐carbon energy source. It is seen as an important avenue for satisfying energy demands, responding to the energy crisis, and mitigating global climate change. However, much attention has been paid to achieving the effective treatment of radionuclide ions produced in nuclear waste. Initially, advanced adsorbents were mainly available in powder form, which meant that additional purification processes were usually required for separation and recovery in industrial applications. Therefore, to meet the practical requirements of industrial applications, materials need to be molded and processed into forms such as beads, membranes, gels, and resins. Here, we summarize the fabrication of porous materials used for capturing typical radionuclide ions, including UO22+, TcO4−, IO3−, SeO32−, and SeO42−. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the product contains no carbon-based substances and can be driven by non-carbon-based electricity, electrocatalytic water splitting is considered to be among the most effective strategies for alleviating the energy crisis and environmental pollution. This process helps lower greenhouse gas emissions while also supporting the shift toward renewable energy sources. The anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) involves a more complex multi-electron transfer process, which is the principal limiting factor in overall water splitting. Extensive research has demonstrated that the controlled design of effective electrocatalysts can address this limitation. In this study, a previously unreported covalent organic framework material (COF-IM) was synthesized via a post-synthetic modification strategy. Notably, COF-IM contains imidazole nitrogen metal active sites. Transition metal-coordinated COF-IM@Co can function as a highly effective electrocatalyst, exhibiting a lower overpotential (403.8 mV@10 mA cm−2) in alkaline electrolytes, thereby highlighting its potential for practical applications in energy conversion technologies. This study offers new perspectives on the design and synthesis of COFs, while also making substantial contributions to the advancement and application of OER electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extensive use of fossil fuels has sped up the global development of the world economy and is accompanied by significant problems, such as energy shortages and environmental pollution. Solar energy, an inexhaustible and clean energy resource, has emerged as a promising sustainable alternative. Light irradiation can be transformed into electrical/chemical energy, which can be used to remove pollutants or transform contaminants into high-value-added chemicals through photocatalytic reactions. Therefore, photocatalysis is a promising strategy to overcome the increasing energy and environmental problems. As is well-known, photocatalysts are key components of photocatalytic systems. Among the widely investigated photocatalysts, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has attracted great attention owing to its excellent light-driven redox capability and photochemical stability. However, its poor solar light response and rapid recombination of electron–hole pairs limit its photocatalytic applications. Therefore, strategies to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 by narrowing its bandgap and inhibiting the recombination of charges have been widely accepted. Constructing heterojunctions with other components, including cuprous oxide (Cu2O), has especially narrowed the bandgap, providing a promising means of solving the present challenges. This paper reviews the advances in research on heterostructured Cu2O/TiO2 photocatalysts, such as their synthesis methods, mechanisms for the enhancement of photocatalytic performance, and their applications in hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, selective synthesis, and the degradation of pollutants. The mechanism of charge separation and transfer through the Cu2O/TiO2 heterojunctions and the inherent factors that lead to the enhancement of photocatalytic performance are extensively discussed. Additionally, the current challenges in and future perspectives on the use of heterostructured Cu2O/TiO2 photocatalysts are also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of light energy to drive asymmetric organic transformations to produce high-value-added organic compounds is attracting increasing interest as a sustainable strategy for solving environmental problems and addressing the energy crisis. Chiral covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as porous crystalline chiral materials, have become an important platform on which to explore new chiral photocatalytic materials due to their precise tunability, chiral structure, and function. This review highlights recent research progress on chiral COFs and their crystalline composites, evaluating their application as catalysts in asymmetric photocatalytic organic transformations in terms of their structure. Finally, the limitations and challenges of chiral COFs in asymmetric photocatalysis are discussed, with future opportunities for research being identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the heterogeneity in energy and non-energy commodities by analyzing their four realized moments: returns, realized volatility, realized skewness and realized kurtosis. Utilizing monthly data, we examine two commodity categories over various crisis periods. This study examines a comparative approach to descriptive statistics across different crisis periods and the full sample and assesses the out-of-sample significance of heteroscedasticity using GARCH models. The findings reveal significant heterogeneity in both energy and non-energy commodities, with energy commodities exhibiting higher average returns and volatility. Crisis periods markedly influence the statistical properties of these commodities. GARCH models outperform ARMA models in forecasting realized moments, particularly for non-energy commodities. This research contributes to the literature by providing robust evidence of heterogeneity in commodity markets and highlights the importance of considering all four realized moments in such analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being resource-richly endowed with various energy sources, and despite the connection of 89.8% of the households to the grid in South Africa, the Eastern Cape province, as compared to other provinces, has the lowest level of grid connection of about 64.5%. Some of the rural poor households in the Eastern Cape province supplement their free basic electricity with unclean energy alternatives. Using unclean energy alternatives is not only detrimental to the environment and health of the people, but it is a sign of energy poverty and among the contributing factors to depesantization, deagrarianization, and deindustrialization which prolongs the underdevelopment in rural areas. Innovation in energy technologies is a key ingredient in meaningful rural development. The utilization of small-scale biomass gasification technologies can be a solution to the South African energy crisis in rural areas, and it is in line with sustainable development goal number 7, which is about ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Alternative renewable energy sources cannot be ignored when dealing with the energy crises in South Africa. Renewable energy sources in the country include biomass, solar, wind, and hydropower. Despite its low utilization in the Eastern Cape province, small-scale biomass gasification technology remains pivotal in reducing energy crisis by producing electricity. However, the affordability of biomass gasification technology also plays a role in whether people will accept small-scale biomass gasification technology. The purpose of this paper is to determine the possibilities of using small-scale biomass gasification technology. This paper gives a comprehensive review of small-scale biomass gasification technology potential in the Eastern Cape province and the link between acceptance of small-scale gasification technology and affordability by evaluating the availability of biomass sources in the province and achievements with regards to small-scale biomass gasification. This paper also covers the impact of biomass gasification technology integration in the energy grid, what needs to be taken into consideration before its installation, its benefits and the barriers to its development in Eastern Cape province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A comprehensive evaluation index for the internal heat exchanger is provided. • The failure boundary of the heat recovery effectiveness coupling optimization is specified. • Predictive correlations for optimal heat recovery effectiveness and optimal discharge pressure are given. • An optimal internal heat exchanger selection method is proposed. In the background of energy shortage and climate change, transcritical CO 2 heat pump(HTP) technology has attracted lots of attention because of its energy-saving and environmentally friendly advantages. In this research, an experimentally verified simulation model of transcritical CO 2 HTP is established to investigate multi-factor coupling optimization of heat recovery effectiveness(η IHX). First, the coupling optimization mechanism of η IHX and discharge pressure(p dis) is analyzed. Moreover, this research explores the influence of η IHX on heating capacity, power consumption, discharge temperature(t dis), and internal heat exchanger(IHX) cost, and further proposes a comprehensive heat recovery index to optimize the above factors. Based on this index the optimal heat recovery effectiveness(η IHX,opt) for each operating condition is obtained. Also, a failure boundary for the coupling optimization of the η IHX is also indicated. In addition, the optimal discharge pressure(p dis,opt) prediction correlation for different η IHX s is proposed, which can be used for heat recovery effectiveness collaborative optimization control. Finally, a general method for evaluating IHX is provided. Taking Xi'an as an example, the optimal heat recovery area(A IHX,opt) of this HTP system is 0.42m2, with which the optimized HTP system operates safely at extreme operating conditions, resulting in an annual lucre of 1,211 CNY. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen or syngas, valued for its clean and high-energy properties, stands as a promising solution to future energy shortages by converting CO2 and CH4 waste into renewable syngas through a reaction known as methane bi-reforming. Hence, the purpose of this current research is to examine the effectiveness of Cu/MnO2 catalyst in methane bi-reforming (MBR) using response surface methodology (RSM). The synthesis of the 15%Cu/MnO2 catalyst was accomplished using the ultrasonic impregnation method, followed by a comprehensive analysis and characterization of the catalyst using CO2-TPD, BET, H2-TPR, TPO, and XRD evaluation. The effect of reaction parameters was investigated using RSM analysis, including temperature, CO2/CH4 ratio, and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) (700–900 °C, 0.2–1.0, and 16–36 L g cat−1 h−1, respectively). According to the analysis of variance and three-dimensional response surface plots, it was determined that CH4 conversion and H2 yield were largely influenced by temperature, whereas CO2 conversion and CO yield could be manipulated through CO2/CH4 feed ratio. Meanwhile, the GHSV appeared to have a significant influence on the H2/CO ratio and CH4 conversion. From the experimental data, it was found that the 15%Cu/MnO2 catalyst performed best under specified optimal conditions of 800 °C, a CO2/CH4 ratio of 0.6, and a GHSV of 26 L g cat−1 h−1. These optimal conditions resulted in the maximum conversion of CH4 (54.67%), CO2 conversion (47.52%), H2 yield (43.81%), CO yield (36.29%), and H2/CO ratio (1.384). Despite the inevitability of carbon formation resulting from the breakdown of CH4 and CO at high temperatures, the examination of the spent catalysts under optimal conditions yielded a smaller quantity of carbon of approximately 28.27% in comparison to the suboptimal conditions with 55.37%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coal mining industry in Pakistan faces recurring fatal accidents due to data scarcity, lack of research, and technology adoption. This paper reviews the current status of coal mining, the ongoing energy crisis, the utilization of indigenous coal resources, and the prevailing safety challenges. By comparing coal mining safety standards in Pakistan with global benchmarks, this study proposes advanced mining technologies to improve productivity and safety. This study emphasizes the importance of investigating the underlying factors causing mining accidents in order to devise effective strategies to mitigate them. The lack of relevant data and the reluctance to adopt technology in the industry are identified as major obstacles to improving safety conditions. The proposed strategies for overcoming safety issues include improving data collection and analysis, increasing research efforts, and promoting the adoption of advanced technology. Thus, this paper highlights the urgent need to address safety concerns in Pakistan's coal mining industry to avoid further loss of lives and resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy crisis associated with energy poverty in Africa continues to keep millions of men, women and children in absolute poverty due to inadequate access to clean energy. Despite its widely recognised importance for sustainable development, theoretical and policy discourses have largely remained dormant with respect to the role that the paradox of energy deficiency plays in the underdevelopment of Africa. This study illustrates how the exploitation of energy potential can be tailored to exert a positive impact on household livelihoods and sustainable development in Africa. Specifically, this study was aimed at determining the impact of biogas technology on the livelihood of beneficiaries and estimating the environmental benefits of biogas technology in terms of global warming potential in order to provide policy recommendations. The results show that the beneficiaries' livelihood assets, including the human, physical, financial and social capital, were positively impacted by the use of biogas technology. The dominant impact of biogas technology was financial, as the beneficiaries witnessed a significant increase in their household incomes. This was possible through the reduction of the expenditure on fuelwood and the sale of digestate. The environmental benefits of disseminating biogas technology as a cleaner energy source were significant, providing evidence that mobilising the biogas potential in Africa would lead to significant decarbonisation of household energy supply. This shows that integrating the livelihood enhancement components in energy interventions amid the enormous unexploited energy potential would contribute to the sustainable transformation of the African continent. In resonance with Agenda 2030, we conclude by contributing to repositioning energy availability, affordability, and reliability as critical components of an energy revolution for sustainable development in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at making the potential implications of the 'Green' Taxonomy implementation emerge. The EU (European Union) regulatory framework on sustainability-related issues and the regulatory action in the area of non-financial or ESG (environmental, social and governance) reporting have highlighted the need for more academic contributions. There could, indeed, be a risk of oversimplification of an issue that cannot be solved without considering its practical implications on the stakeholders affected. Hence, failing to think these through might result in tragic consequences from a societal standpoint, despite being outstanding from an environmental one. This critical analysis, thus, investigates a few crucial points pertaining to the EU 'Green' Taxonomy—as the latest classification system for environmentally sustainable economic activities proposed by the EU—with the aim of providing academics and policymakers with a balanced report between theory and practice. By means of archival data, content analysis and bibliometric techniques, and implementing the steps of the systematic literature network analysis (SLNA) protocol which were deemed pertinent for the purposes of our study, we conducted a documentary review regarding the EU Taxonomy. Based on this critical analysis, we were able to outline (a) the rationale of Regulation (EU) 2020/852, (b) its structure, (c) its ability to improve corporate environmental performance and (d) the role played by specific nuclear and gas energy activities for a climate-neutral future. Every economic choice implies a cultural choice, and economics—unlike natural sciences—is essentially based on decisions, which can be influenced. The study, thus, concludes with proposals for future research and potential improvements of EU frameworks in order to support an efficient achievement of the Green Deal objectives and the 2030 Agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a giant in energy consumption, buildings urgently need to optimize control strategies for the main energy consuming equipment inside buildings. It is of great significance to design advanced control algorithms to improve the efficiency of the main energy consuming equipment in buildings, namely air conditioning, in the current energy shortage. The model predictive control algorithms and strategies were used in this study to control the HVAC system to improve the energy utilization of the city. Then linear matrix inequality with robust model predictive feedback controller was used to optimize and get the model predictive control optimization algorithm. The research results showed that, under the influence of different factors, the three regions controlled by the model predictive control optimization algorithm showed a little overshooting in the initial state. But it was quickly corrected after adjustment. Meanwhile, the average tracking error of temperature and humidity in each region was 0.139°C and 0.13g/kg dry air, respectively. The average predicted mean vote was 0.32. In actual office buildings, the proposed algorithm controlled the temperature within the reference value range of 0.1°C throughout the entire process. The total electricity consumption and electricity price costs were reduced by 12.11% and 22.54%, respectively. In summary, the proposed method has good performance for HVAC system application, which can effectively realize energy saving and emission reduction and improve human comfort. This method makes important contributions to promote the construction of smart cities and the development of green buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Excessive usage of fossil fuels has led to significant depletion, creating an energy crisis and environmental concerns. This has prompted the creation of sustainable energy conversion systems. This study explores sol–gel incorporation of Sm‐doped MnTiO3 nanostructure, which exhibits OER activity. Different analytical techniques were used to assess the material's morphology, structure, and textural properties. BET analysis confirmed increased surface area (34 m2 g−1) of Sm‐doped MnTiO3 nanostructure, which enhanced OER performance. The electrochemical results showed that the fabricated doped nanostructure had a lower overpotential of 201 mV, resulting in a current density of roughly 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 40 mV dec−1. In EIS analysis, a low Rct value of Sm‐doped MnTiO3 (0.20 Ω) compared with pure MnTiO3 (0.23 Ω) indicates highly efficient charge transfer and a faster faradaic reaction. Chronoamperometry and cyclic stability analyses of Sm‐doped MnTiO3 nanostructure demonstrate stability over 35 h. The fabricated nanostructure has remarkable electrochemical characteristics, making it a promising material for future applications in electrical and other areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of transforming solar power into hydrogen fuel through photoelectrochemical water splitting is a highly viable strategy for producing hydrogen in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner, offering a long-term solution to the worldwide energy crisis. Therefore, the need for high-performance photoelectrodes is critical for optimizing the transformation of solar energy into hydrogen fuel. Herein, a simple citrate sol-gel technique was employed to fabricate magnesium iron oxide (MgFeO 3) for its potential use in photoelectrochemical water splitting. A detailed analysis was undertaken using techniques such as XRD, FESEM, XPS, PL, EDX, and UV–Vis spectrophotometry to uncover the fundamental physicochemical and optoelectronic aspects of the MgFeO 3 perovskite material. The MgFeO 3 photoelectrode manifests superior PEC characteristics as evidenced by the optimal photocurrent density of 4.5 mA cm−2 achieved at a potential of 1.2 V vs. RHE, and a commendable solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 0.97%. EIS studies provided evidence of improved charge transfer kinetics and decreased recombination rates in the MgFeO 3 photoelectrode. In addition, extended reliability evaluations utilizing chronoamperometry verified consistent operation for 10 h at a photocurrent density of 3.5 mA cm−2, demonstrating the long-term durability of MgFeO 3 in PEC water splitting. These results emphasize the considerable promise of MgFeO 3 perovskite as a proficient and robust photoelectrode substance for PEC water-splitting applications. [Display omitted] • Developed MgFeO 3 perovskite nanostructures using a facile citrate sol-gel method. • High photocurrent density of 9.1 mA cm⁻2 at 1.2 V vs. RHE under visible light irradiation. • Demonstrated a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 0.97% that showcase the material's efficiency. • MgFeO 3 material exhibited outstanding long-term stability under prolonged visible light exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decades, the rapid depletion of non‐renewable energy sources has caused growing energy crisis and increasing emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), which aggravates global warming and catastrophic climate change. Electrocatalysis is regarded as an effective method for consuming atmospheric CO2 and simultaneously alleviating the energy problem by converting CO2 into high value‐added chemicals. Amorphous nanomaterials with long‐range disordered structures possess abundant highly unsaturated atomic sites and dangling bonds on their surfaces, thus providing a large number of active sites, and show unique electronic structures compared to their crystalline counterparts due to the distinct atomic arrangements. Therefore, amorphous nanomaterials are recently demonstrated as highly efficient catalysts for diverse electrocatalytic reactions, including electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Here the rational synthesis and electrocatalytic performance of newly emerging amorphous nanomaterials will be outlined for electrocatalytic CO2RR. Importantly, the intrinsic merits of these amorphous catalysts in CO2RR processes will be summarized and highlighted. Finally, these perspectives on the remaining challenges and some potential future directions in this emerging field will also be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis is an emerging technology to address environmental pressure and energy shortages by converting solar energy into chemical energy in an efficient manner. In recent years, many review articles focused on LDH-based heterojunctions and their contributions to photocatalytic hydrogen production, CO 2 conversion, and organic degradation, but no review paper considered NiAl-LDH-based photocatalysts. Thus, our study introduces a comprehensive overview of the synthesis approaches, structural analysis, morphological characteristics, optical properties, and mechanism insights of NiAl-LDH-based hybrids and their powerful capacity for H 2 evolution. Furthermore, particular attention is given to the recent modification strategies, including metal doping, Type II, p-n, and Z/S-scheme heterojunctions. These technologies played a vital role in boosting the catalytic behavior of NiAl-LDH through reinforcing the oxidation potential, expanding the solar light absorption, strengthening catalyst stability, and enhancing the charge dynamic. This summarization relied primarily on the DFT calculations to justify and understand the photocatalytic mechanisms of the NiAl-LDH-based heterostructure. Special consideration is paid to the outstanding performance of NiAl-LDH-based photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution under solar light. By linking the previous outcomes with our future perspectives, this review attempts to encourage further investigations and developments in NiAl-LDH-based photocatalysts for sustainable H 2 generation, emphasizing their potential to solve environmental and global energy problems. • This review summarizes the latest trends in NiAl-LDH-based heterojunctions. • The synthesis and characterization techniques of NiAl-LDH-based hybrids were discussed. • Some modification strategies to boost the catalytic activity of NiAl-LDH were introduced. • Our work employed DFT calculations to justify the catalytic mechanisms of NiAl-LDH. • The NiAl-LDH-based photocatalysts exhibited excellent capacity for hydrogen evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, CoAl x -LDH hydrotalcite-like was used as the precursors to prepare the CoAl x -LD composite catalysts for the DRM reaction. The transition metal Co was the main catalytic active centers for the DRM reaction. The layered structure of the hydrotalcite-like CoAl x -LDH precursors promoted the highly dispersed Co0 active centers to be formed in the CoAl x -LD catalysts. In addition, synergistic effects between active sites, basic sites and oxygen vacancies can promote the DRM catalytic performances of CoAl composite catalysts. Meanwhile, the Co/Al mole ratio can regulate the active sites, basic sites and oxygen vacancies in the catalysts, thereby affecting its catalytic performances. The CoAl12-LD catalyst with a Co/Al mole ratio of 1/2 exhibited excellent DRM catalytic performances. The CH 4 and CO 2 conversions on the prepared CoAl12-LD catalyst achieved 86.8% and 53.4% at atmospheric pressure and 700 °C, respectively. In addition, the catalyst also showed excellent use stability in the DRM reaction. The design and development of catalytic materials with high DRM performances is conducive to alleviating the energy crisis and environmental protection problems. The study reported here on the preparation of CoAl x -LD composite catalysts with high DRM performances from CoAl x -LDH hydrotalcite precursor. The highly dispersed Co0 species in the CoAl x -LD catalysts were the main active species for DRM catalytic reaction, which was crucial for the reactant molecules CH 4 and CO 2 adsorption and activation. The Co/Al mole ratio can effectively regulate the number of Co0 active sites, basic sites, and oxygen vacancies on the CoAl x -LD catalysts surface, thereby regulating the catalytic performance of the corresponding catalyst for CH 4 /CO 2 reforming. [Display omitted] • CoAl x -LD catalysts with high CH 4 dry reforming performances derived from hydrotalcite-like precursors. • Hydrotalc-like structure promotes the highly dispersed active Co0 and suitable basicity to be formed. • The active sites, basic sites and oxygen vacancies can be regulated by Co/Al mole ratio. • Synergistic effects between active sites, basic sites and oxygen vacancies can promote the DRM performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faced with the dual challenges of energy shortage and environmental pollution, researchers are turning to extracting clean energy from waste resources. The coupled system of solar energy and supercritical water gasification offers a novel solution to these issues. In this study, a solar-driven supercritical water gasification-oxidation system for ammonia production and heat supply from chicken manure was simulated. Additionally, the effects of temperature of supercritical water gasification, chicken manure slurry concentration, water-dry matter ratio, and pressure of supercritical water gasification and oxidation on the system's products, efficiency, and device exergy losses were examined. Under typical working conditions (the temperature of supercritical water gasification: 750 °C, chicken manure slurry concentration: 50 wt%, water-dry matter ratio: 5, the pressure of supercritical water gasification and oxidation: 25 MPa), and the system had a treatment capacity of 5 t/h of dry chicken manure. The system yielded 2604.04 kg/h of NH 3 and 23763.9 kg/h of heating steam. It demonstrated an energy efficiency of 68.38% and an exergy efficiency of 46.85%. The total exergy losses of the system amounted to 34704.73kw, with the solar collector accounting for the largest share at 49.6%. The temperature of supercritical water gasification and water-dry matter ratio significantly impacted the system efficiency. Conversely, chicken manure slurry concentration and the pressure of supercritical water gasification and oxidation exerted minimal influence. The solar collector and gasification reactor emerged as the primary contributors to exergy losses in the entire system. Notably, the lower temperatures of supercritical water gasification, chicken manure slurry concentrations, pressures of supercritical water gasification and oxidation, and water-dry matter ratios can reduce exergy losses in both the solar collector and the gasification reactor. [Display omitted] • The supercritical water gasification and ammonia synthesis system were simulated. • The performance of system was analyzed by means of thermodynamic analysis. • The influence of operating parameters on the system is analyzed. • The energy efficiency and exergy efficiency reached 68.38% and 46.85% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezoelectric photocatalysis can effectively suppress the recombination of electron holes during the course of photocatalysis, which has been widely applied in environmental and energy catalysis. Its advantage is that when the piezoelectric effect happens, a built-in electric field is formed inside the catalyst, which improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers and obtains more excellent photocatalytic performance. The efficient conversion of mechanical energy to chemical energy can be realized through the synergistic effect of the piezoelectric effect, and photocatalysis is greatly significant in solving the energy crisis and providing environmental protection. Therefore, we organized a more complete review to better understand the mechanism and system of piezoelectric photocatalysis. We briefly introduce the principle of the piezoelectric effect, the existing types of piezoelectric photocatalysts, the practical application scenarios, and the future challenges and feasible methods to improve catalytic efficiency. The purpose of this review is to help us broaden the idea of designing piezoelectric photocatalysts, clarify the future research direction, and put it into more fields of environmental protection and energy reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Helium (He) and energy shortages have caused price increases and reduced their availability. Using three combustion reactions per acquisition of carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios saves 50% He and energy during the elemental analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS). This approach needs to be tested for sulfur isotope (δ34S) analyses. Methods: A new method to measure δ34S in three sequential combustion reactions within one EA/IRMS acquisition was developed. The same material or blank samples could be used in the three reactions. After SO2 was used, a N2 purging method was employed to prolong the lifetime of the valves in the EA/IRMS interface. The 3×EA/IRMS was applied to measure δ34S in precious samples, such as Ag2S from acid‐volatile and chromium‐reducible sulfur extracted with a multiple‐port setup. Results: The 3×EA/IRMS‐δ34S method was validated with replicate analyses of international reference materials and laboratory standards with a wide range of mineralogical compositions and δ34S values. The method provided a strategic advantage for the δ34S measurements of small precious samples (measured between blanks). The accuracy and precision of the 3×EA/IRMS values effectively matched those obtained using conventional EA/IRMS, with good agreement between the mean ± SD values and the recommended values with their uncertainties. Conclusions: Compared with the conventional EA/IRMS, the proposed method provides accurate and precise δ34S measurements of the sulfate and sulfide samples while saving approximately 50% of He, energy, SO2 reference gas, O2, analysis time, and cost. Notably, 3×EA/IRMS can provide up to three δ34S values unaffected by memory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the economy, people's demand for energy is increasing, which has led to a shortage of fossil fuels. Wave energy is a widely distributed renewable energy source, and the development of wave energy generation technology can greatly alleviate the energy shortage problem. This study takes the snake-like wave energy converter (WEC) as an example and designs a coreless magnetoelectric transducer for it. The structure of the coreless magnetoelectric transducer is relatively simple, eliminating the iron core in the transducer, which can eliminate its own damping. At the same time, this structure can minimize the gap between the magnet and the coil, improve energy conversion efficiency, and work continuously under complex working conditions. This study takes two types of coreless magnetoelectric transducers as examples to analyze. This study aims to establish equivalent magnetic circuit models for the coreless magnetoelectric transducers, explore the effects of different magnets on the performance of the transducers, and optimize the parameters in the transducers. We used simulation software to analyze the transducer and verify the accuracy of the models. Finally, prototypes of the coreless magnetoelectric transducers were made, and a testing system for the transducer was established to test its energy conversion capability. Our experiments show that coreless magnetoelectric transducers have good energy conversion capabilities and can be used as transducers for snake-like WECs. At the same time, this type of transducer can also be applied to other types of WECs, providing a new approach for the research of WECs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant attention has been devoted to using biomass as a renewable resource to address the energy crisis and mitigate environmental pollution. Biomass, a potential substitute for fossil fuels, contains a substantial amount of lignin, ranging from 10 % to 25 %. Hence, it is crucial to research lignin depolymerization. In this study, the use of electrochemically catalyzed ionic liquids enabled the cracking of lignin at low temperatures. Specifically, by applying a low voltage at 230 °C, the controlled generation of vanillin and guaiacol was achieved. The concentration of vanillin in the depolymerized lignin reached 88.54 % under 3 V conditions. Similarly, it is presumed that the yield of guaiacol at 4 V is 48.24 %. These findings have significant implications for the targeted management of lignin depolymerization byproducts. Ultimately, this project establishes a framework for the high‐value utilization of biomass and provides new perspectives on addressing the energy problem and environmental degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy crisis stems from increasing demand, diminishing fossil fuel reserves, and insufficient investment in renewable alternatives, posing a profound threat to global energy security and environmental sustainability. Fuel cells offer promise as a solution to the energy crisis and the integration of two-dimensional carbon materials in fuel cell catalysts holds potential for enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and improving the overall sustainability of fuel cell technologies. The new two-dimensional carbon form tetra-penta-octagonal-graphene and its boron doped derivative have been examined in this report for its applicability in the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction for generation of electricity. The most favorable site for the reaction in the pristine specimen and the most favorable boron doping site have been carefully determined based on adsorption energy and formation energy, respectively. Projected density of states confirms a low density of states for the active site in both specimens. Boron doping causes a significant charge transfer from the primed site. The analysis of the four electron pathways along with the dioxygen adsorption step in the acidic medium has been conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the process. In both systems, the formation of the *O intermediate is associated with the highest Gibbs free energy change. The performance of the pristine material in the process has been found to support monotonically exothermic reaction with an overpotential of 0.622 V whereas the boron doped specimen presents very small barrier for the dioxygen adsorption step followed by monotonically exothermic reaction steps with overpotential 0.549 V. • A new sp2 stable 2D carbon allotrope TPO-graphene shows electrocatalytic activity. • Active site has lowest partial density of states at Fermi level. • Steps of ORR in four-electron pathway in acidic medium are monotonically exothermic. • TPO-graphene has a overpotential of 0.622 V for the ORR process. • Boron doping creates ORR catalysis site with lowest partial density of states. • Boron doped TPO-graphene has a overpotential of 0.549 V for the ORR process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production represents a crucial approach for obtaining green energy through artificial solar energy utilization, offering a sustainable method for energy generation that helps mitigate energy shortages and protect the environment. Among the numerous photocatalytic materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have garnered significant attention and intensive study from researchers due to their distinctive benefits, such as porosity, pre‐design capability, and tunability at the atomic level. Significant advancements are made in the development of materials, enhancement of performance, and comprehension of mechanisms. In this review, recent advancements in COF‐based photocatalytic water splitting are spotlighted, both in half‐reactions and overall reactions, with a particular emphasis on the rational design of COF structures to regulate the materials' optical and electrical properties, as well as the fundamental processes of photocatalysis. Drawing from current research in this field, the existing challenges, and potential opportunities are also discussed for future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary focus on global concerns such as carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions impacting the environment and contributing to the energy crisis has prompted exploration into alternatives, with photocatalysis emerging as a potential solution. This research involved the development of a PT (TiO2) photocatalyst, synthesized through the hydrothermal method and enhanced with double co‐catalysts of copper and nickel via the wet impregnation technique. The characteristics of the resulting photocatalysts were comprehensively examined using various techniques, including XRD, Raman, UV‐Vis DRS, surface area and pore analysis, SEM‐EDX, HRTEM, XPS, PL, and EPR. The characterization outcomes revealed that the PT phase comprised anatase, brookite, and rutile. The incorporation of double co‐catalysts was evident through the emergence of new peaks in the XRD diffraction pattern, corroborated by SEM, HRTEM, and XPS analysis. In the activity test, CNT‐4 (Cu−Ni/TiO2‐400) exhibited the highest methanol yield at 772.41 μmole g−1 h−1, followed by CONTT‐4 (CuO−NiTiO3/TiO2‐400) with 750.38 μmole g−1 h−1 after three hours of irradiation using a 300 W xenon lamp, while methanol in PT formed only after three hours of irradiation. The presence of co‐catalysts significantly influenced methanol yield, attributed to the increased active sites for the reaction and the reduced band gap, impacting light absorption optimization and suppressing electron‐hole recombination. In CNT‐4, the formation of Ti3+ associated with oxygen vacancies facilitated the generation of more products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic biohybrid systems by coupling artificial system with nature's machinery may offer a disruptive solution to address the global energy crisis. We developed a versatile electroenzymatic pathway for the continuous synthesis of valuable chemicals, facilitated by formate‐driven NADH regeneration. Utilizing a bismuth electrocatalyst, we achieved stable CO2 reduction to formate with approximately 90 % Faraday efficiency at a current density of 150 mA cm−2. The generated formate acts as a mediator to regenerate NADH, which is then coupled with immobilized redox enzymes—alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), L‐lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and L‐glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)—to produce targeted chemicals at significant rates and exceptionally high turnover numbers (1.8×106 to 3.1×106). These achievements not only underscore the efficiency of the system but also its practical applicability in industrial settings. By leveraging in situ generated formate, this innovative approach demonstrates the potential of integrating electrocatalysis with enzymatic reactions for sustainable and efficient chemical production on a practical scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the problem of non-renewable resources and energy shortages, converting biomass, the only renewable carbon resource on Earth, into various fine chemicals holds significant value. Furfural stands out as one of the most promising platform compounds derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Due to its highly functional molecular structure, furfural can be selectively converted into various fuels and high-value compounds. This review discusses recent developments in furfural production and its conversion into related chemicals, such as furfuryl alcohol, γ-valerolactone, pentanediols, and nitrogen-containing compounds. It provides an in-depth understanding of the catalysts, systems, and mechanisms used in the selective transformation of furfural. The review also explores primary pathways and catalytic mechanisms, with a focus on advances in heterogeneous catalytic systems. Furthermore, it outlines future research directions and offers insights into potential applications in this field. This review presents several research trends, aiming to provide innovative ideas for further exploration of furfural downstream products in a greener, more efficient, and cost-effective manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been considered an energy carrier (fuel) and oxidizer for various chemical synthesis and environmental remediation processes. Biomass valorization can generate high‐value‐added products in a green and pollution‐free way to solve the energy and environmental crisis. The biomass valorization coupled with H2O2 generation via photo‐, electro‐, and photoelectrocatalysis plays a positive role in sustainable targets, which can maximize energy utilization and realize the production of value‐added products and fuel synthesis. Recently, catalyst design and mechanism studies in H2O2 generation coupled with biomass valorization are in the infancy stage. Herein, this review begins with a background on photo‐, electro‐, and photoelectrocatalytic techniques for H2O2 generation, biomass valorization, and the H2O2 generation couples with biomass valorization. Meanwhile, the progress and reaction mechanism are reviewed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of a synergistic coupled system of H2O2 synthesis and value‐added biomass in achieving high conversion, selectivity, and reaction efficiency are envisioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to alleviate the energy shortage problem and realize green communication, we propose a multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) enabled energy harvesting (EH) system based on time division multiple address (TDMA) and frequency division multiple address (FDMA). Taking energy efficiency as an objective, we jointly optimize the time allocation scheme and power control in multi-UAV EH network. Before solving the optimization problem, node assignment scheme which determines the connection relationship between nodes and each UAV needs to be obtained first. In TDMA mode, we obtain the node assignment scheme and the trajectory of UAVs based on genetic algorithm. In FDMA mode, the node assignment scheme is obtained based on K-means clustering algorithm, and the hover points' coordinates of UAV are optimized according to the result of node assignment. We design a time and power joint optimization algorithm (TPJOA) based on Lagrange duality method and discuss three possible cases of the optimal solutions. Simulation results show that our TPJOA method performs better than the water-filling algorithm in energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient catalyst design has garnered significant interest in recent decades due to its potential to address both the challenges of the greenhouse effect and energy shortages by facilitating the conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals through catalytic reactions. To investigate maximizing the synergistic effects of supported PdAu catalysts, we conducted first-principles calculations on the activation and decomposition of CO2 and H2 on the PdAu/In2O3(110) system. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of a secondary metal (Au) into the supported Pd catalyst, in conjunction with precise control over Au concentration, exerts influence on both reactant binding energy and activation. The adsorption and activation of CO2 at the interface sites of Au4/In2O3(110) and PdAu3/In2O3(110) are not observed. The transition state for the dissociation of CO2 into *CO and *O is determined based on adsorbed CO2, providing insights into the properties of activated CO2. The Bronsted–Evans–Polanyi relation, which correlates activation barriers (Ea) with reaction energies (Er), was established for the CO2 dissociation mechanism on PdAu/In2O3(110) catalysts using equation E = 0.4Ea + 0.63. It was carried out to investigate the H2-dissociated adsorption processes and mobility energy on various PdAu/In2O3(110) catalysts. Finally, a highly efficient Pd2Au2/In2O3 catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 into methanol has been proposed. This research provides valuable insights into the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol using bimetal-oxide catalysts and contributes to the optimization of the design of PdAu/In2O3 catalysts for CO2 reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driven by the growing energy crisis and environmental concerns regarding the utilization of fossil fuels, biomass liquefaction has emerged as a highly promising technology for the production of renewable energy and value-added chemicals. However, due to the high oxygen content of biomass materials, biocrude oil produced from liquefaction processes often contains substantial oxygenated compounds, posing challenges for direct downstream applications. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) upgrading with hydrogen donors is crucial for improving the quality and applicability of biomass-derived fuels and chemicals. The costs, safety, and sustainability concerns associated with high-pressure gaseous hydrogen and organic molecule hydrogen donors are driving researchers to explore alternative and innovative biomass hydrodeoxygenation approaches without exogenous hydrogen donors. This review offers an overview of the recent developments in catalytic hydro-liquefaction and hydrodeoxygenation methods for biomass valorization without external hydrogen donation, including catalytic self-transfer hydrogenolysis using endogenous hydrogen in biomass structure, in situ catalytic hydrodeoxygenation employing water as the hydrogen donor, and in situ hydrodeoxygenation via water splitting assisted by zero-valent metals. The in situ hydrogen supply mechanisms and the impact of various hydrodeoxygenation catalysts on hydrogen donation efficiency using endogenous hydrogen are summarized in detail in this work. Furthermore, the current obstacles and future research demands are also discussed in order to provide valuable recommendations for the advancement of biomass utilization technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollution and energy crisis are two major challenges facing society today, and electric vehicles are regarded as an effective way to solve these problems. Solving the heat dissipation problem of the motor controller can effectively solve the problem of small motion range of electric vehicles, which is an effective attempt for new energy vehicles. Optimizing the heat dissipation structure of the power system can improve the efficiency of electric vehicles, save energy, and truly achieve optimal energy management. Therefore, the establishment of a reasonable and complete power system cooling system is of great significance for improving the overall performance of the vehicle. This article aimed to explore the heat dissipation problem of electric vehicle motor controllers. This article proposed that the motor can be divided into DC and AC based on the power supply. The DC motor has the characteristics of complex structure, cumbersome production process, easy to wear during use, and troublesome repairs in the later period. Through CFD simulation analysis, the experimental temperature of 1.5 kw natural convection is 62.35 °C, the simulation temperature is 64.05 °C; the experimental temperature of 1.1 kw natural convection is 50.45 °C, and the simulation temperature is 66.67 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]