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Background Slower gait speed may be driven by greater energy deficits and fatigability among older adults. We examined associations of walking energetics and perceived physical fatigability with gait speed among slower and faster walkers. Additionally, we used statistical mediation to examine the role of fatigability in the associations of walking energetics and gait speed using the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). Methods Perceived physical fatigability was assessed using the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS) Physical score (range 0–50, higher = greater). A 3-phase cardiopulmonary exercise treadmill test collected peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak, mL/kg/min), energetic cost of walking (ECW, mL/kg/m), and cost–capacity ratio (VO2/VO2peak*100, %). Slower (<1.01 m/s) versus faster (≥1.01 m/s) walkers were classified using median 4-m gait speed. Linear regressions and statistical mediation analyses were conducted. Results Slower walkers had lower VO2peak, higher ECW at preferred walking speed (PWS), and greater PFS Physical score compared to faster walkers (all p  < .05; N  = 849). One standard deviation (1- SD) higher VO2peak was associated with 0.1 m/s faster gait speed, while 1- SD higher ECW PWS, cost–capacity ratio at PWS and slow walking speed (SWS), and PFS Physical score were associated with 0.02–0.23 m/s slower gait speed. PFS Physical score was a significant statistical mediator in the associations between VO2peak (15.2%), SWS cost–capacity ratio (15.9%), and ECW PWS (10.7%) with gait speed and was stronger among slower walkers. Conclusions Slower walkers may be more influenced by perceptions of fatigue in addition to walking energetics. Our work highlights the importance of targeting both energetics and perceived fatigability to prevent mobility decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adipose tissue, both intricate and fundamental to physiological functions, comprises cell types, including adipocytes, pivotal in secreting bioactive peptides known as 'adipokines.' Apelin (APLN), Visfatin (VSFTN), and Irisin (IRSN) are novel adipokines involved in regulating energy, carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. APLN acts as an endogenous ligand for G-protein-coupled receptors, VSFTN is essential in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis, and IRSN is released from skeletal muscle and adipose tissues. Their influence spans various physiological domains, including insulin resistance and sensitivity, cardiovascular functions, angiogenesis, and reproductive systems. This review focuses on the potential roles of APLN, VSFTN, and IRSN in energy regulation mechanisms related to farm animal production. Despite accumulating evidence of their significance, comprehensive understanding is still emerging, with most studies based on model organisms. Thus, there's a pressing need for targeted research on farm animals. Addressing these knowledge gaps could pave the way for improved health strategies, reproductive efficiency, and productivity in farm animals. Future research should focus on understanding the multifaceted interactions of these adipokines and their implications for promoting sustainable and effective animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To establish which components of energy balance mediate the clinically significant weight loss demonstrated with use of cotadutide, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1)/glucagon receptor dual agonist, in early‐phase studies. Materials and Methods: We conducted a phase 2a, single‐centre, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes. Following a 16‐day single‐blind placebo run‐in, participants were randomized 2:1 to double‐blind 42‐day subcutaneous treatment with cotadutide (100–300 μg daily) or placebo. The primary outcome was percentage weight change. Secondary outcomes included change in energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). Results: A total of 12 participants (63%) in the cotadutide group and seven (78%) in the placebo group completed the study. The mean (90% confidence interval [CI]) weight change was −4.0% (−4.9%, −3.1%) and −1.4% (−2.7%, −0.1%) for the cotadutide and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.011). EI was lower with cotadutide versus placebo (−41.3% [−66.7, −15.9]; p = 0.011). Difference in EE (per kJ/kg lean body mass) for cotadutide versus placebo was 1.0% (90% CI −8.4, 10.4; p = 0.784), assessed by doubly labelled water, and −6.5% (90% CI −9.3, −3.7; p < 0.001), assessed by indirect calorimetry. Conclusion: Weight loss with cotadutide is primarily driven by reduced EI, with relatively small compensatory changes in EE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key building block of the European Green Deal is the development of a hydrogen commodity market, which requires a suitable hydrogen market design and the timely introduction of related policy measures. Using exploratory interviews with five expert groups, we contribute to this novel research field by outlining the core market design criteria and proposing suitable regulations for the future European hydrogen market. We identify detailed recommendations along three core market design focus areas: Market development policy measures, infrastructure regulations, as well as hydrogen and certificate trading. Our findings provide an across-industry view of current policy-related key challenges in the hydrogen commodity market development and mitigation approaches. We, therefore, support policymakers within the EU in the ongoing detailing of their regulatory hydrogen and green energy packages. Further, we promote hydrogen market development by assisting current and future industry players in finding a common understanding of the future hydrogen market design. • Regulatory uncertainty slows the development of a European hydrogen commodity market. • We use expert interviews to evaluate crucial market design choices and regulations. • All key value chain stakeholders are included to provide an across-industry view. • We propose measures for market development, infrastructure regulations, and trading. • We discuss critical policy-related challenges and mitigation approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy type 1–2 controller for load frequency control (LFC). Most of the fuzzy controllers implemented for LFC in the past have Mamdani inference. Mamdani inferences give a fuzzy set that is defuzzified to form an output, whereas the T-S inference doesn't require defuzzification as its output is either constant or 1st order linear polynomial expression of inputs. T-S linear output dependency on its inputs helps it operate at different operating conditions of a dynamic nonlinear system. In this work, a combination of both constant and linear outputs for T-S fuzzy are used to implement a controller for LFC. A two-area tie-line power system is used for demonstration purposes. LFC has gained more importance with the introduction of deregulated renewable energy sources (RES) access to the grid. The proposed controller demonstrates higher stability for almost 30% load variation than its predecessors’ fuzzy controllers.

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and long persistent luminescence (LPL) are emerging photophysical hotspots, which involve the singlet/triplet excited states and two‐way energy transfer processes between them via intersystem crossing (ISC) or reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Herein, a new tactic is reported for the regulation of keto‐energy levels and ISC/RISC equilibrium via the introduction of electron‐withdrawing fluorine in a series of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) ligands and corresponding Cd(II) coordination polymers. Among them, the fluorine p‐substituted to the hydroxy group along the nodal plane on the phenol site improves the thermodynamic stability of the keto‐isomers of the ligand, thereby lowering the keto‐energy level and promoting the ESIPT process effectively. Uniquely, the lower‐energy keto excited state makes the ISC/RISC equilibrium shift to the direction of RISC progress, and thus arousing efficient TADF in the constructed coordination polymer. A comprehensive transient photophysical and theoretical study verifies the greatly promoted RISC progress, rather than suppressed ISC is aroused in the p‐substituted system, suggesting a clear‐cut strategy in the design of coordination polymers with good TADF performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conserved cyanobacterial protein PipX is part of a complex interaction network with regulators involved in essential processes that include metabolic homeostasis and ribosome assembly. Because PipX interactions depend on the relative levels of their different partners and of the effector molecules binding to them, in vivo studies are required to understand the physiological significance and contribution of environmental factors to the regulation of PipX complexes. Here, we have used the NanoBiT complementation system to analyse the regulation of complex formation in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 between PipX and each of its two best-characterized partners, PII and NtcA. Our results confirm previous in vitro analyses on the regulation of PipX-PII and PipX-NtcA complexes by 2-oxoglutarate and on the regulation of PipX-PII by the ATP/ADP ratio, showing the disruption of PipX-NtcA complexes due to increased levels of ADP-bound PII in Synechococcus elongatus. The demonstration of a positive role of PII on PipX-NtcA complexes during their initial response to nitrogen starvation or the impact of a PipX point mutation on the activity of PipX-PII and PipX-NtcA reporters are further indications of the sensitivity of the system. This study reveals additional regulatory complexities in the PipX interaction network, opening a path for future research on cyanobacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-halide perovskite solar cells have garnered significant research attention in the last decade due to their exceptional photovoltaic performance and potential for commercialization. Despite achieving remarkable power conversion efficiency of up to 26.1%, a substantial discrepancy persists when compared to the theoretical Shockley–Queisser (SQ) limit. One of the most serious challenges facing perovskite solar cells is the energy loss incurred during photovoltaic conversion, which affects the SQ limits and stability of the device. More significant than the energy loss occurring in the bulk phase of the perovskite is the energy loss occurring at the surface-interface. Here, we provide a systematic overview of the physical and chemical properties of the surface-interface. Firstly, we delve into the underlying mechanism causing the energy deficit and structural degradation at the surface-interface, aiming to enhance the understanding of carrier transport processes and structural chemical reactivity. Furthermore, we systematically summarized the primary modulating pathways, including surface reconstruction, dimensional construction, and electric-field regulation. Finally, we propose directions for future research to advance the efficiency of perovskite solar cells towards the radiative limit and their widespread commercial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interoception, sometimes referred to as the 'hidden sense,' communicates the state of internal conditions for autonomic energy regulation and is important for human motor control as well as self-awareness. The insula, the cortex of interoception, integrates internal senses such as hunger, thirst and emotions. With input from the cerebellum and proprioceptive inputs, it creates a vast sensorimotor network essential for static posture and dynamic movement. With humans being bipedal to allow for improved mobility and energy utilization, greater neuromotor control is required to effectively stabilize and control the four postural zones of mass (i.e., head, torso, pelvis, and lower extremities) over the base of support. In a dynamic state, this neuromotor control that maintains verticality is critical, challenging energy management for somatic motor control as well as visceral and autonomic functions. In this perspective article, the authors promote a simple series of posture photographs to allow one to integrate more accurate alignment of their postural zones of mass with respect to the gravity line by correlating cortical interoception with cognitive feedback. Doing this focuses one on their body perception in space compared to the objective images. Strengthening interoceptive postural awareness can shift the net result of each zone of postural mass during day-to-day movement towards stronger posture biomechanics and can serve as an individualized strategy to optimize function, longevity, and rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bardet‐Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetic disorder characterized by early‐onset obesity, polydactyly, genital and kidney anomalies, developmental delay and vision loss due to rod‐cone dystrophy. BBS is an autosomal recessive disorder with >20 implicated genes. The genotype–phenotype relationship in BBS is not clear, and there may be additional modifying factors. The underlying mechanism is dysfunction of primary cilia. In BBS, receptor trafficking in and out of the cilia is compromised, affecting multiple organ systems. Along with early‐onset obesity, hyperphagia is a prominent symptom and contributes significantly to clinical morbidity and caregiver burden. While there is no cure for BBS, setmelanotide is a new pharmacotherapy approved for treatment of obesity in BBS. The differential diagnosis for BBS includes other ciliopathies, such as Alstrom syndrome, and other genetic obesity syndromes, such as Prader‐Willi syndrome. Careful clinical history and genetic testing can help determine the diagnosis and a multidisciplinary team is necessary to guide clinical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypothalamic centres have been recognized to play a central role in body weight regulation for nearly 70 years. Aims: In this review, we will explore the current undersanding of the role the hypothalamus plays in controlling food intake behaviours. Materials and Methods: Review of relevant literature from PubMed searches and review article citations. Results: Beginning with autopsy studies showing destructive hypothalamic lesions in patients manifesting hyperphagia and rapid weight gain, followed by animal lesioning studies pinpointing adjacent hypothalamic sites as the 'satiety' centre and the 'feeding' centre of the brain, the neurocircuitry that governs our body weight is now understood to consist of a complex, interconnected network, including the hypothalamus and extending to cortical sites, reward centres and brainstem. Neurons in these sites receive afferent signals from the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue indicating food availability, calorie content, as well as body fat mass. Discussion: Integration of these complex signals leads to modulation of the two prime effector systems that defend a body fat mass set point: food intake and energy expenditure. Conclusion: Understanding the hypothalamic control of food intake forms the foundation for understanding and managing obesity as a chronic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adipose tissue, both intricate and fundamental to physiological functions, comprises cell types, including adipocytes, pivotal in secreting bioactive peptides known as ‘adipokines.’ Apelin (APLN), Visfatin (VSFTN), and Irisin (IRSN) are novel adipokines involved in regulating energy, carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. APLN acts as an endogenous ligand for G-protein-coupled receptors, VSFTN is essential in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis, and IRSN is released from skeletal muscle and adipose tissues. Their influence spans various physiological domains, including insulin resistance and sensitivity, cardiovascular functions, angiogenesis, and reproductive systems. This review focuses on the potential roles of APLN, VSFTN, and IRSN in energy regulation mechanisms related to farm animal production. Despite accumulating evidence of their significance, comprehensive understanding is still emerging, with most studies based on model organisms. Thus, there’s a pressing need for targeted research on farm animals. Addressing these knowledge gaps could pave the way for improved health strategies, reproductive efficiency, and productivity in farm animals. Future research should focus on understanding the multifaceted interactions of these adipokines and their implications for promoting sustainable and effective animal production.

Identification and manipulation of cellular energy regulation mechanisms may be a strategy to increase productivity in photosynthetic organisms. This work tests the hypothesis that polyphosphate synthesis and degradation play a role in energy management by storing or dissipating energy in the form of ATP. A polyphosphate kinase (ppk) knock-out strain unable to synthesize polyphosphate was generated in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. This mutant strain demonstrated higher ATP levels and faster growth than the wildtype strain in high-carbon conditions and had a growth defect under multiple stress conditions. In a strain that combined ppk deletion with heterologous expression of ethylene-forming enzyme, higher ethylene productivity was observed than in the wildtype background. These results support the role of polyphosphate synthesis and degradation as an energy regulation mechanism and suggest that such mechanisms may be effective targets in biocontainment design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study assessed the impact of dapagliflozin on food intake, eating behaviour, energy expenditure, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐determined brain response to food cues and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Materials and Methods: Patients were given dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial with short‐term (1 week) and long‐term (12 weeks) cross‐over periods. The primary outcome was the difference in test meal food intake between long‐term dapagliflozin and placebo treatment. Secondary outcomes included short‐term differences in test meal food intake, short‐ and long‐term differences in appetite and eating rate, energy expenditure and functional MRI brain activity in relation to food images. We determined differences in glycated haemoglobin, weight, liver fat (by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and subcutaneous/visceral adipose tissue volumes (by MRI). Results: In total, 52 patients (43% were women) were randomized; with the analysis of 49 patients: median age 58 years, weight 99.1 kg, body mass index 35 kg/m2, glycated haemoglobin 49 mmol/mol. Dapagliflozin reduced glycated haemoglobin by 9.7 mmol/mol [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.91‐16.27, p =.004], and body weight (−2.84 vs. −0.87 kg) versus placebo. There was no short‐ or long‐term difference in test meal food intake between dapagliflozin and placebo [mean difference 5.7 g (95% CI −127.9 to 139.3, p =.933); 15.8 g (95% CI −147.7 to 116.1, p =.813), respectively] nor in the rate of eating, energy expenditure, appetite, or brain responses to food cues. Liver fat (median reduction −4.7 vs. 1.95%), but not subcutaneous/visceral adipose tissue, decreased significantly with 12 weeks of dapagliflozin. Conclusions: The reduction in body weight and liver fat with dapagliflozin was not associated with compensatory adaptations in food intake or energy expenditure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interoception, sometimes referred to as the ‘hidden sense,’ communicates the state of internal conditions for autonomic energy regulation and is important for human motor control as well as self-awareness. The insula, the cortex of interoception, integrates internal senses such as hunger, thirst and emotions. With input from the cerebellum and proprioceptive inputs, it creates a vast sensorimotor network essential for static posture and dynamic movement. With humans being bipedal to allow for improved mobility and energy utilization, greater neuromotor control is required to effectively stabilize and control the four postural zones of mass (i.e., head, torso, pelvis, and lower extremities) over the base of support. In a dynamic state, this neuromotor control that maintains verticality is critical, challenging energy management for somatic motor control as well as visceral and autonomic functions. In this perspective article, the authors promote a simple series of posture photographs to allow one to integrate more accurate alignment of their postural zones of mass with respect to the gravity line by correlating cortical interoception with cognitive feedback. Doing this focuses one on their body perception in space compared to the objective images. Strengthening interoceptive postural awareness can shift the net result of each zone of postural mass during day-to-day movement towards stronger posture biomechanics and can serve as an individualized strategy to optimize function, longevity, and rehabilitation.

Balancing services are traded on the balancing market, which has undergone major shifts in recent years due to external factors like the growing share of renewable energies in electricity production and the progressing electrification of society, especially in the mobility sector. This trend increases the demand for balancing services. However, market design is also changing to lower overall expenses for grid stability, which influences price volatility and overall costs for balancing services. Shorter provision times, low capacity limits, and a smaller gap between gate closure time and delivery time enable more flexible market participation of balancing service providers. This article provides an overview of the common European balancing market with a focus on Germany, including recent and upcoming regulatory changes and market design. Recent price trends highlight the importance of market design, especially provision times and price limits. The reduction of the provision time for Frequency Containment Reserve increased offered capacity per bid, and the end of the mixed price procedure in August 2019 led to a less concentrated price range for balancing energy. The introduction of the energy-only market in November 2020 shifted demand from tertiary to secondary control reserve. However, high energy prices in 2021 and 2022 have revealed the limited responsiveness of the balancing energy market. This effect will be reinforced with the exiting of coal-fired and nuclear plants from the pool of balancing service providers in the current decade. Additionally, the future development of the market depends on the integration of energy storage systems such as stationary batteries and electric vehicle batteries, including the regulatory framework.

China is the world’s largest energy consumer. Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, promoting low-carbon energy development is the key to promoting high-quality development of China’s energy industry and even the national economy. There are many links involved and the interests of the main body are wide, and thus it is particularly important to formulate a complete energy legal system for China’s energy development strategy. This paper adopts the discrete model theory to analyse the evolution of China’s energy legal system under the background of dual carbon. By sorting out the historical evolution of the formulation, implementation and revision of major legal policies in the energy field, it is ascertained that China’s energy laws and policies are gradually becoming clearer and more coercive, and continue to strengthen. According to the research results and a comprehensive analysis of the current situation of China’s energy laws, suggestions are put forward for the formulation and revision of these laws.

Identification and manipulation of cellular energy regulation mechanisms may be a strategy to increase productivity in photosynthetic organisms. This work tests the hypothesis that polyphosphate synthesis and degradation play a role in energy management by storing or dissipating energy in the form of ATP. A polyphosphate kinase (ppk) knock-out strain unable to synthesize polyphosphate was generated in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. This mutant strain demonstrated higher ATP levels and faster growth than the wildtype strain in high-carbon conditions and had a growth defect under multiple stress conditions. In a strain that combined ppk deletion with heterologous expression of ethylene-forming enzyme, higher ethylene productivity was observed than in the wildtype background. These results support the role of polyphosphate synthesis and degradation as an energy regulation mechanism and suggest that such mechanisms may be effective targets in biocontainment design.

Hibernation is an effective physiological energy saving strategy to survive through harsh environmental conditions. To survive over the winter, some hibernators rapidly store large amount of body fat as the fuel of hibernation during the fattening period before hibernation. However, there was no evidence of metabolic disorders, such as ectopic fat accumulation in fat-free organs during fattening period. Therefore, the mechanisms of fattening and resistance of metabolic disorder provide important physiological and ecological significances. This review summarized the regulations and influences of exogenous factors and endogenous factors on fattening in fat-storing hibernators. In addition, we summarized the phenotypes of resistance of metabolic disorder during fattening period. The mechanisms of fat accumulation provide not only insights into unique physiological adaption of mammalian hibernators, but also a strong reference for the treatment of metabolic diseases caused by obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy transition is currently reshaping the Colombian energy market, bringing about the emergence of new actors essential for decarbonization and the establishment of a sustainable energy market. This transition necessitates a regulatory framework that facilitates the entry of new players and fosters the development of appealing business models for investors. Consequently, the energy transition fuels the widespread adoption of distributed energy resources, igniting the creation of fresh markets and captivating business opportunities. This study thoroughly examines the Colombian regulatory landscape, with a specific focus on exploring the new business prospects that arise from the integration of energy storage systems as distributed energy resources. Additionally, the paper analyzes energy arbitration through this technology, assessing five scenarios through economic evaluation using Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The findings indicate that the current model, which entails purchasing and selling energy in the energy exchange, is unsustainable without supplementary measures like self-consumption or regulatory incentives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy transition is currently reshaping the Colombian energy market, bringing about the emergence of new actors essential for decarbonization and the establishment of a sustainable energy market. This transition necessitates a regulatory framework that facilitates the entry of new players and fosters the development of appealing business models for investors. Consequently, the energy transition fuels the widespread adoption of distributed energy resources, igniting the creation of fresh markets and captivating business opportunities. This study thoroughly examines the Colombian regulatory landscape, with a specific focus on exploring the new business prospects that arise from the integration of energy storage systems as distributed energy resources. Additionally, the paper analyzes energy arbitration through this technology, assessing five scenarios through economic evaluation using Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The findings indicate that the current model, which entails purchasing and selling energy in the energy exchange, is unsustainable without supplementary measures like self-consumption or regulatory incentives.

Copyright of Yearbook of Antitrust & Regulatory Studies is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The multi-mode communication network provides communication support for the collection, transmission, and processing of energy regulation data and the training of energy regulation models for smart buildings.Digital twin can provide state estimation of computing resources and channel characteristics, assist in the multi-mode communication resource optimization management, and improve the training precision of energy regulation models.However, the digital twin-assisted multi-mode communication resource management of smart buildings still face challenges such as large training error of energy regulation model, coupling of multi-timescale resource allocation, and contradictions between training precision improvement of energy regulation model and energy consumption optimization.Aiming at the above challenges, a multi-timescale communication resource management optimization algorithm based on digital twin and empirical matching learning was proposed.The weighted sum of global model loss function and energy consumption was minimized by jointly optimizing the large-timescale gateway selection and small-timescale channel allocation and power control.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the performance of weighted sum of global model loss function and energy consumption, ensure the precise energy regulation requirement and promote the low-carbon operation of smart buildings.

Public administration and energy regulators provide policy and economic support to achieve climate neutrality; however, the role of key stakeholders in energy transition, such as energy companies, is critical to a just energy transition. Corporate voluntary incentives to guide, support and pressure companies to disclose their climate-related risks are becoming commonplace internationally. Yet, formal legal frameworks to engage energy companies in reaching net zero emissions have largely been confined to financial risk disclosure and voluntary regulation. In this context, the article offers a normative solution that enables the effective implementation of obligations imposed on energy companies related to the 2050 energy transformation, addressing the concept of 'energy-just companies'. It also proposes the management of this process by illustrating a different, proactive approach to the role of effective obligations in the transformation process based on a novel understanding of energy law principles. These legal solutions consist of 'corporate energy transformation plans' based on energy justice applied by energy companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fenerbahce University Journal of Health Sciences (FBU-JOSH) / Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Fenerbahce University Journal of Health Sciences (FBU-JOSH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research examines the effect of energy efficiency regulations on reducing energy poverty in residential dwellings in 18 municipalities of the Lisbon metropolitan area from 2014 to 2020. In its empirical investigation, this study uses Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) with fixed effects and Moments Quantile Regression (MM-QR) methodologies. The results of the OLS and MM-QR models suggest that energy efficiency regulations for the residential sector positively impact energy poverty (101.9252). However, this result may suggest that the current regulations are not effectively mitigating energy poverty in Lisbon's metropolitan area and Portugal. This ineffectiveness could be due to economic, institutional, and behavioural barriers that impede the achievement of regulation policy goals. In maximising economic and social benefits, policymakers should consider implementing policies that link energy efficiency with clean energy generation in dwellings, promote economies of scale by recycling residuals from dwelling renovations, and provide clear guidance for materialising the energy strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This papers aims at examining the importance of adopting energy democracy and energy justice principles in carrying out energy projects in Mexico. These concepts have gained international relevance in recent years due to the climate change and the energy transition; however, they have not been adopted to evaluate the feasibility of Mexico’s energy projects. In this context, this research analyzes the Eurus wind farm in the state of Oaxaca, which was recognized for complying with Mexican regulations and paying particular attention to environmental and social impacts, as well as governance issues; even it has gained international recognition. Nonetheless, from its construction to its current operation it has had conflicts with the communities. The main findings are that when analyzing this project under the crucible of energy democracy and energy justice, we found several negative impacts and deficiencies in its development, the reason being the absence of these principles when evaluating this energy project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Telecommunications Science is the property of Beijing Xintong Media Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a novel approach to generate desired periodic motions for torque-driven fully actuated mechanical systems. The proposed scheme is based on a recent control design method which relies on energy shaping plus damping injection. The energy regulation is formulated as a control objective and then the controller is designed. A change of coordinates and a suitable nonlinear damping injection design play a key role in generating the desired periodic motion. An interesting characteristic of the proposed scheme is that the periodic motion with a time-varying offset (trend component) can be specified by the user. This can be useful for mechanical systems that demand non-static periodic motion, for tasks such as obstacle avoidance or fluid mixing. Through the proposed methodology, the closed-loop system is expressed as a nonlinear autonomous differential equation and its stability is analyzed by using LaSalle's Theorem and the Poincaré-Bendixson criterion. Numerical simulations on a two-degree-of-freedom manipulator arm illustrate the performance of the proposed scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Prosumers adopt distributed energy resources (DER) to cover part of their own consumption and to sell surplus energy. Although individual prosumers are too dispersed to exert operational market power, they may collectively hold a strategic advantage over conventional generation in selecting DER capacity via aggregators. We devise a bilevel model to examine DER capacity sizing by a collective prosumer as a Stackelberg leader in an electricity industry where conventional generation may exert market power in operations. At the upper level, the prosumer chooses DER capacity in anticipation of lower-level operations by conventional generation and DER output. We demonstrate that exertion of market power in operations by conventional generation and the marginal cost of conventional generation affect DER investment by the prosumer in a nonmonotonic manner. Intuitively, in an industry where conventional generation exerts market power in operations similar to a monopoly (MO), the prosumer invests in more DER capacity than under perfectly competitive operations (PC) to take advantage of a high market-clearing price. However, if the marginal cost of conventional generation is high enough, then this intuitive result is reversed as the prosumer adopts more DER capacity under PC than under MO. This is because the high marginal cost of conventional generation prevents the market-clearing price from decreasing, thereby allowing for higher prosumer revenues. Moreover, competition relieves the chokehold on consumption under MO, which further incentivises the prosumer to expand DER capacity to capture market share. We prove the existence of a critical threshold for the marginal cost of conventional generation that leads to this counterintuitive result. Finally, we propose a countervailing regulatory mechanism that yields welfare-enhancing DER investment even in deregulated electricity industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological regulation and environmental protection are essential elements of the directions of energy and economic policy at the present stage. In some cases, the increasing environmental regulation can negatively affect economic growth, however a number of modern studies proves the opposite. Moderate environmental standards lead to the effect of innovation compensation, which has a positive effect on the micro and macro level. In this paper the influence of resource, ecological and other factors on the economic development of Russian regions is studied using panel data models with fixed and random effects. The influence of the ecological factor is revealed by including various indicators of the concern for the quality of the environment, after which the results are compared. In three of the four types of constructed models, the influence of the environmental factor, expressed by different indicators, is positive. The positive result can be explained by the fact that regulation in Russia remains quite liberal to the companies, and the threshold at which strict standards begin to slow down economic growth has not yet been passed. Other significant factors for the growth of regional economies are the availability of fixed assets, the number of employees, and the share of resource industries in gross added value.

We and our habitat are forms of energy, endowed with life, and irrevocably earthlings. A cosmological-to-locality appreciation of energy in food and nutrition science, practice and policy is overdue. Our livelihood, and any function we have, are energy dependent, as is planetary habitability. Energy cognisance has become an existential necessity in an increasingly self-destructive ‘anthropocene’ era when our own energy equilibrium is compromised. This is manifest in destruction and loss of our ecology, our livelihood expectations, and practices, and, in turn, our wellbeing and health. Most problematic has been the domination, skewing and loss of biomass caused by humans, both their over-population of the earth, and their exploitation of its natural resources. These resources provide fuel for warmth, cooking and transport, textiles, and clothing; are subject to land and aquatic harvest, are replaced by dwellings and infrastructural buildings, and yet are recreational assets. Wastage has been of scant regard. Energy misuse besets the entire food system. This has followed the development of the wood and coal-fired steam engine, the advent of gasoline powered internal combustion engines, use and transmission of electricity, and an insatiable arms industry. Now, we are at the brink of extinction. Profiteering and conflict over energy control has fostered unfettered industrial materialism, a major extinction risk factor. Not only is energy the power we need, but it has also underwritten the powerful. Can we be sufficiently insightful and collaborative to change this energy trajectory and survive healthfully on a habitable planet? Individuals, households, and communities, as opposed to unaccountable monopolies, could achieve control of the energy systems on which our livelihoods depend and render them sustainable, accessible, and affordable. Interconnected food and energy system ownership could be devolved to ‘The Commons’ as a cooperative, sustainability strategy. The social momentum and appropriate technology for energy conservation, renewability and personalisation is now available for mobilisation to address our food, nutrition, and health insecurity.

Spexin (SPX) and galanin (GAL) are two neuropeptides that are phylogenetically related and have descended from a common ancestral gene. Considerable attention has been given to these two multifunctional neuropeptides because they share GAL receptors 1,2, and 3. Since GAL and SPX-synthesizing neurons have been detected in several brain areas, therefore, it can be speculated that SPX and GAL are involved in various neurophysiological functions. Several studies have shown the functions of these two neuropeptides in energy regulation, reproduction, and response to stress. SPX acts as a satiety factor to suppress food intake, while GAL has the opposite effect as an orexigenic factor. There is evidence that SPX acts as an inhibitor of reproductive functions by suppressing gonadotropin release, while GAL modulates the activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the brain and gonadotropic cells in the pituitary. SPX and GAL are responsive to stress. Furthermore, SPX can act as an anxiolytic factor, while GAL exerts anti-depressant and pro-depressive effects depending on the receptor it binds. This review describes evidence supporting the central roles of SPX and GAL neuropeptides in energy balance, reproduction, stress, and social behaviors, with a particular focus on non-mammalian vertebrate systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]