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Energy electrification is part of the European strategy for the decarbonization of the building sector and energy transition in cities. The present paper compares the heating costs of covering the heating demand by different systems: (i) domestic gas boiler and an air-to-air heat-pump, (ii) without and (iii) with local PV backup; in order to analyze the effects of the electric price volatility along with the weather condition dependency of the renewable systems. The study presents a heat pump model and a PV generation model to estimate the hourly performance of both systems. These models are then applied in an average dwelling in Bilbao, Spain, in November 2020, and November 2021. Results show that in November 2020 the combined use of a heat pump with PV generation to cover the heat demand was 66% cheaper than covering the same demand with a natural gas boiler. By contrast, the combined use of the PV and heat pump resulted in a 15% higher energy bill compared to the natural gas in 2021 due to the increase of the electricity prices (3 times higher), the lower temperatures (25%) and less solar radiation (70%).

Calculations of solar collector hourly thermal energy output as part of central solar water heating system with individual 150 liters storage tanks for each apartment in high rise multi-apartment residential building in Tel Aviv. The energy output at noon is 758 kcal/hr in January and 1,221 kcal/hr in April. Solar collectors supply 2,647 kWh/year of thermal energy to each apartment, minimum 5.41 kWh/day on average day in December, maximum 8.53 kWh/day in August. Hot water supply equivalent at 40°C is 30 liter/hr in December and 81 liter/hr in August at noon, 192 liter/day in January to 500 liter/day in August.

The increasing levels of energy consumption worldwide is raising issues with respect to surpassing supply limits, causing severe effects on the environment, and the exhaustion of energy resources. Buildings are one of the most relevant sectors in terms of energy consumption; as such, efficient Home or Building Management Systems are an important topic of research. This study discusses the use of ensemble techniques in order to improve the performance of artificial neural networks models used for energy forecasting in residential houses. The case study is a residential house, located in Portugal, that is equipped with PV generation and battery storage and controlled by a Home Energy Management System (HEMS). It has been shown that the ensemble forecasting results are superior to single selected models, which were already excellent. A simple procedure was proposed for selecting the models to be used in the ensemble, together with a heuristic to determine the number of models. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This paper addresses the challenge of minimizing training time for the control of Heating, Ventilation, and Air-conditioning (HVAC) systems with online Reinforcement Learning (RL). This is done by developing a novel approach to Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) to HVAC systems. In this paper, the environment formed by the HVAC system is formulated as a Markov Game (MG) in a general sum setting. The MARL algorithm is designed in a decentralized structure, where only relevant states are shared between agents, and actions are shared in a sequence, which are sensible from a system’s point of view. The simulation environment is a domestic house located in Denmark and designed to resemble an average house. The heat source in the house is an air-to-water heat pump, and the HVAC system is an Underfloor Heating system (UFH). The house is subjected to weather changes from a data set collected in Copenhagen in 2006, spanning the entire year except for June, July, and August, where heat is not required. It is shown that: (1) When comparing Single Agent Reinforcement Learning (SARL) and MARL, training time can be reduced by 70% for a four temperature-zone UFH system, (2) the agent can learn and generalize over seasons, (3) the cost of heating can be reduced by 19% or the equivalent to 750 kWh of electric energy per year for an average Danish domestic house compared to a traditional control method, and (4) oscillations in the room temperature can be reduced by 40% when comparing the RL control methods with a traditional control method.

Calculations of solar collector hourly energy output as part of central solar water heating system in multi-apartment building in Tel-Aviv. Collector efficiency depends on solar radiation, collector temperature and ambient temperature. Three iterations of calculations were applied, showing relatively small differences between the iterations. The calculated yearly efficiency is almost equal to the efficiency determined according to the national standard. Monthly efficiency is in the range of -5.2% to +3.4% difference from the efficiency determined according to the national standard. Higher efficiency is in winter. The maximum hourly efficiency is at 8 o’clock in July, 75.2%., {"references":["Joseph Nowarski, Solar Israel – A practical and legislative model, Renewable Energy World, March-April 2000, p93-99","Joseph Nowarski, Energy Balance of Solar Water Heaters, academia.edu/34457200","Joseph Nowarski, Heat Transfer in Solar Water Heaters Pipes, academia.edu/34459205","Chromagen Solar Thermal Systems, chromagen.co.il, chromagen.com","Experimental Measurements of Hot Water Stratification in a Heat Storage Tank, iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/471/2/022014"]}

The aim of the article is to present the results of research on colors carried out in two residential buildings in Brussels, designed by Victor Horta: The Tassel House (1893–1894) and The Horta House (1898–1901), representing the Art Nouveau style for which the main source of inspiration was nature. The purpose of the research was to check whether the selection of colors in the buildings was also inspired by nature. The investigation applied methods of archive studies, literature review, field survey and comparative analysis of 251 color samples taken in the interiors and façades of the two houses, compared to the 307 color samples collected in the natural environment within the radius of 700 m from the two locations. The samples were described using the Natural Colour System® chart. The research results revealed that the value of the color-matching indicator for the comparison of the color samples collected in the two examined buildings and the samples of predominant colors observed in the natural environment was determined at the average level of 92.5%. The conclusions from the study confirmed the significance of drawing inspiration from nature in the field of colors selection in the two analyzed buildings designed by Victor Horta.

The city of Al Ain (Abu Dhabi, UAE) has a mainly low rise residential buildings. Villas as part of a compound or separate units represent the majority of the residential areas in the city. Due to the harsh hot arid climate of Al Ain, the energy demand for the cooling load is quite high. Therefore, it is relevant finding new retrofit strategies that are efficient in reducing the cooling load of the villas. The aim of this study is to analyze one particular strategy (parametric shading structure) in terms of design, construction, cost, energy impact on the selected villa. The main data for this study is taken from the local sources. There are six steps followed in this analysis: case study analysis, climate analysis, parametric structure and PV panels, building energy consumption and outdoor thermal comfort, modelling, simulation, and validation, materials, construction, and cost evaluation. The model of the villa was validated for the full year 2020 based on the electricity bills obtained. After adding the parametric design structure, the reduction after shading is approximately 10%. Meanwhile the UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) dropped from extreme heat stress to strong heat stress (average for the month of March and September). These findings are promising in the retrofit industry due to the advanced calculations used to optimize the parametric design structure.

Power and energy flexibility in buildings and sites is an integral part of the solution to address the electrical grid’s challenges posed by increasing renewable generation, decarbonisation of the electricity supply and electrification of buildings, transport and industry. Addressing these challenges requires flexibility to deliver demand response services. Commercial buildings, residential buildings and smaller industrial sites have significant underutilised potential due to a lack of consistency associated with assessing their flexibility. To unlock this potential, a scalable, easy to use flexibility assessment methodology is required. A standardised four-step flexibility assessment methodology was developed during the course of this research, conducted under the scope of the International Energy Agency’s Energy in Buildings and Communities Annex 67 ‘Energy Flexible Buildings’. The four steps in the methodology consist of Step 1: Systems, Loads, Storage & Generation Identification; Step 2: Flexibility Characterisation; Step 3: Scenario Modelling and Step 4: Key Performance Indicators (KPI) Label. Underpinned by adapted elements of the energy auditing standard ISO 50002, the methodology evaluates the available electrical load reduction or increase that a building or site can provide in response to a demand response signal from an aggregator or grid operator. Addressing the need for an early stage flexibility assessment, i.e. before any investment on site and before contracts are negotiated, it explicitly includes flexibility source selection by utilising Shedability, Controllability and Acceptability as a filter or triage step. Detailed parameter definition ensures key performance elements are captured. The output of the methodology is a defined flexibility range which enables contract negotiation between building or site operators and aggregators for demand side services, captured on a KPI label for the building or site. Implementation is in an off-line manner, without the need for real-time data acquisition, ICT platforms or additional installations, as existing assessment approaches would require. Stakeholders consulted during the development of the methodology found it relevant and technically robust, particularly the incorporation of ISO 50002. A detailed case study for one building, conducted by the author, is described and verified through on-site experiments, establishing the feasibility and accuracy of the methodology. Ease of use and scalability was demonstrated through implementation by others at multiple pilot sites in the context of the Horizon 2020 Energy Local Storage Advanced system (ELSA: 2015 - 2018) project. The pilot sites consisted of different building and site types across Europe, with a number of flexible sources. Benchmarking the results against published demonstration studies showed that three of the pilot sites achieved above average flexibility. Comparing the methodology outputs with experimental results, flexibility prediction was within a 10% error range, an accepted threshold for grid prediction error in the literature, for four out of the five pilot sites.

Integration of renewable energy and optimization of energy use are key enablers of sustainable energy transitions and mitigating climate change. Modern technologies such the Internet of Things (IoT) offer a wide number of applications in the energy sector, i.e, in energy supply, transmission and distribution, and demand. IoT can be employed for improving energy efficiency, increasing the share of renewable energy, and reducing environmental impacts of the energy use. This paper reviews the existing literature on the application of IoT in in energy systems, in general, and in the context of smart grids particularly. Furthermore, we discuss enabling technologies of IoT, including cloud computing and different platforms for data analysis. Furthermore, we review challenges of deploying IoT in the energy sector, including privacy and security, with some solutions to these challenges such as blockchain technology. This survey provides energy policy-makers, energy economists, and managers with an overview of the role of IoT in optimization of energy systems.

Integration of renewable energy and optimization of energy use are key enablers of sustainable energy transitions and mitigating climate change. Modern technologies such the Internet of Things (IoT) offer a wide number of applications in the energy sector, i.e, in energy supply, transmission and distribution, and demand. IoT can be employed for improving energy efficiency, increasing the share of renewable energy, and reducing environmental impacts of the energy use. This paper reviews the existing literature on the application of IoT in in energy systems, in general, and in the context of smart grids particularly. Furthermore, we discuss enabling technologies of IoT, including cloud computing and different platforms for data analysis. Furthermore, we review challenges of deploying IoT in the energy sector, including privacy and security, with some solutions to these challenges such as blockchain technology. This survey provides energy policy-makers, energy economists, and managers with an overview of the role of IoT in optimization of energy systems.

Buildings demand a significant amount of energy during their life cycles, hence, effective design measures need to be adopted to ensure efficient energy usage and management in buildings. This study proposes a framework based on various performance parameters to enable decision-makers utilizing standard procedures and software to empower the process of sustainable energy use and management in buildings, through a parametric analysis in different climatic conditions. Experimental design is adopted within the framework via the use of various performance parameters related to the building design (i.e., construction materials for exterior walls and roofs, as well as a set of window-to-wall ratios). Results indicate that climate data plays a fundamental role in the choice of design factors that are best suited for effective energy consumption in buildings. In particular, sub-type climate classifications, as opposed to the primary climate group, have a minor influence. Around 15% improvement in the energy consumption in buildings is noticed due to changes to the design factor such as the window-to-wall ratio. Insights that can be gleaned from this study include the impact of space area, exterior openings and material thickness and choice for the envelope of the building in all climate classifications, aiding in the design of low-energy buildings.

In the current energy scenario, system design and operation strategies are paramount especially for plants fed by renewable sources and/or whose production is strictly connected to the users demand. The systems optimization must consider the possibility of energy storage and of the conversion among different forms of energy. In this paper, a hybrid cogeneration system composed by a cogenerative internal combustion engine, a photovoltaic plant, a boiler and a pump as turbine is investigated. Different energy storage options are included: a pack of batteries, a water reservoir and a hot thermal storage. By applying the Particle Swarm Optimization method, the devices size and hourly operation are simultaneously optimized. The minimization of the overall cost is the optimization goal, while the main constraint is the fulfilment of the user request (electricity, heat and water). Results show that the cogenerative internal combustion engine supplies the 87% of the electricity and the 19% of the heat during winter time while, during summer period, it supplies the 89% of the electricity and the all heat. The use of a pump as turbine allows to reduce the battery discharge rate and the Depth of Discharge with a consequent increase of the battery lifetime.

The proliferation of urban sensing, IoT, and big data in cities provides unprecedented opportunities for a deeper understanding of occupant behaviour and energy usage patterns at the urban scale. This enables data-driven building and energy models to capture the urban dynamics, specifically the intrinsic occupant and energy use behavioural profiles that are not usually considered in traditional models. Although there are related reviews, none investigated urban data for use in modelling occupant behaviour and energy use at multiple scales, from buildings to neighbourhood to city. This survey paper aims to fill this gap by providing a critical summary and analysis of the works reported in the literature. We present the different sources of occupant-centric urban data that are useful for data-driven modelling and categorise the range of applications and recent data-driven modelling techniques for urban behaviour and energy modelling, along with the traditional stochastic and simulation-based approaches. Finally, we present a set of recommendations for future directions in data-driven modelling of occupant behaviour and energy in buildings at the urban scale.

International audience; Building thermal modelling plays an important role in managing the thermal comfort and the energy consumption of buildings. A major challenge for modellers is how to deal with uncertainty problems in order to have a robust model with an acceptable computational time for the improvement of predictive control. This paper presents a methodology which allows obtaining the good model of a controllable thermal zone able to adapt regularly to the measurements by a robust identification procedure. Its input data are achieved by the modelling simplification of adjacent zones under uncontrollable uncertainties. This method is applied for a multi-zone positive energy building in south of France to validate our approach.

Human behavior on games has been widely analyzed from the psychological and ethnological fields, for its sociocultural implications. Today, immersed in the society of knowledge and digital culture, we are always connected, so that access to social networks, mobile apps, videos, and examples of gamification is so utterly familiar that sometimes we are not aware of it. The application of this term is being carried out for some decades to develop and elaborate marketing strategies, decision-making, even in areas such as health, promoting healthier behaviors into habits. Gamification consists of applying elements and techniques of game-design in contexts that are not really games. Why apply it in building environmental management? There is a clear problem when implementing strategies of energy savings and efficiency, derived from two distinct issues: users do not know the power of action they have on building environmental management when living / working; and since they ignore it, they are not involved, or not enough. Environmental management in a building often depends on a shortlist of people who are often reduced to Management and Maintenance teams. But, What about users? Can they find comfort in buildings of a certain size? Do they know how to help save energy or use it more efficiently than turning off lights and electronic devices once finished the daily task? The potential of users as actors and part of the whole social team, their empowerment once are aware of that, and beyond, quantifying their action and getting feedback to see how well they are doing, is proposed by gamification methodology. This methodology requires a prior analysis of the user type, objective, implementing game elements (mechanical, dynamic and play components), scope, and uncertainties. After initial training on the operation of the building environmental management, users are involved as co-managers, through some media support that reflects their daily activities and their inclusion in the overall calculation of building management. Involving users as well, would be a great achievement especially in tertiary and unique buildings. El comportamiento humano frente al juego ha sido ampliamente analizado desde los ámbitos psicológico y etnológico, así como su implicación sociocultural. Hoy en día, inmersos en la sociedad del conocimiento y la cultura digital, estamos permanentemente conectados, por lo que acceder a redes sociales, aplicaciones móviles, videos, y ejemplos de gamificación nos es tan absolutamente familiar que a veces no somos conscientes de ello. La aplicación de este término se está llevando a cabo desde hace ya unas décadas para desarrollar elaboradas estrategias de marketing, toma de decisiones, incluso en ámbitos como la salud, propiciando comportamientos hacia hábitos más saludables. La gamificación consiste en aplicar elementos y técnicas de diseño de juegos en contextos que no son propiamente juegos. ¿Porqué aplicarlo en la gestión ambiental de un edificio? Existe un problema claro a la hora de aplicar estrategias de ahorro y eficiencia energéticas, derivadas de dos cuestiones bien diferenciadas: el usuario no conoce el poder de acción que tiene, si es que sabe que lo tiene, sobre la gestión ambiental del edificio en el que vive/trabaja; y al desconocerlo, no se implica, o al menos no lo suficiente. La gestión ambiental de un edificio a menudo depende de una serie restringida de personas, que suelen reducirse al equipo de Dirección, y de Mantenimiento. Pero, ¿y el usuario? ¿puede encontrarse en confort en edificios de ciertas dimensiones? ¿sabe cómo puede contribuir a ahorrar energía o usarla más eficientemente más allá de apagar las luces y los dispositivos electrónicos una vez acabada la tarea diaria?. El potencial del usuario como actor y parte del todo social, así como su empoderamiento una vez es conocedor de aquél, y más allá, el poder cuantificar su acción y poder retroalimentarse para saber cuán bien lo está haciendo, es lo que se plantea a través de la metodología de la gamificación. Esta metodología requiere de un análisis previo del tipo de usuario, objetivo, elementos de juego a aplicar (mecánicas, dinámicas y componentes de juego), alcance, e incertidumbres. Tras una formación inicial sobre el funcionamiento de la gestión ambiental del edificio, se implica al usuario como agente co-gestor, involucrándolo mediante soportes que reflejen su actividad diaria y su repercusión en el cómputo global de la gestión del edificio. Implicar al usuario así, supondría un gran logro especialmente en edificios terciarios y singulares

TEZ10538 Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2015. Kaynakça (s. 105-107) var. xi, 109 s. : res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ; 29 cm. Enerji; insan yaşamı ve sanayi üretimi için vazgeçilmez temel unsurlardan bir tanesidir. Gerek dünyada gerekse ülkemizde nüfus artışı, konfor standartlarının yükselmesi, sanayi ve teknolojideki gelişmeler enerji talebinin hızla artmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu yüzden çalışmanın ana unsurlarını; enerji, yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları ve hızla büyüyen inşaat sektöründeki bina-enerji ilişkisi oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsam doğrultusunda çalışmanın amacı; binalarda enerjinin ve enerji kaynaklarının etkin ve verimli kullanılmasına, enerji israfının önlenmesine ve çevrenin korunmasına ilişkin usul ve esasları göz önünde bulundurularak hazırlanan 05.12.2008 tarihli ve 27075 sayılı Resmi Gazete’de yayınlanarak yürürlüğe giren ""Binalarda Enerji Performansı Yönetmeliği "" kapsamında, Gaziantep’te yüksek oranda enerji tüketimine sahip Eğitim Yapıları incelenerek, enerji tüketimini etkileyen unsurların ortaya konulması ve seçilen yapılara enerji etkinliği kapsamında önerilerin geliştirilmesidir. Çalışmanın birinci aşamasında Gaziantep ilinde yer alan ve 2009 ve sonrası inşası biten eğitim yapıları tespit edilmiştir. İkinci aşamada belirlenen 3 adet eğitim binalarına ait Enerji Kimlik Belgeleri oluşturulmuştur. Üçüncü aşamada binaların enerji sınıfları tespit edilmiştir. Son aşamada ise bulgular doğrultusunda binaların Enerji Kimlik Belge değerlerinin Türkiye standartlarına uygunluğu belirlenerek enerji etkinliğini arttırıcı önlem ve öneriler oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonucunda incelenen 3 adet eğitim binasının enerji kullanım alan sınıflarında (ısıtma, sıhhi sıcak su, soğutma, havalandırma, aydınlatma) farklılıkların olduğu görülmüş ve binaların enerji tüketim sınıfları tespit edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda alınması gereken tedbirler ve uygulanacak iyileştirme çalışmaları saptanmıştır. Bu değerlendirmeler yapı sektörüne yansıtılarak enerji verimliliğinin maksimum düzeye ulaşması amaçlanmıştır. Energy is one of the basic fundamental facts for both human life and industrial production. Both in the world and in our country; the increase of population, the developments in luxuriousness standards, the developments in technology and industry make the energy demand increase rapidly. So the basic elements of the study are consisted of energy, renewable energy resources and the building-energy relationship in building trade. In the light of this aspect, as a part of ""the energy performance regulation for the buildings ""which was published on 27075 numbered official newspaper on the date of 05.02.2008 and was prepared considering the principles related to the usage of the energy and sources in an efficient way in buildings, preventing the energy wasting and saving the environment, also by surveying the education buildings which consume energy in a high rate ,bringing up the reasons that cause this high level energy consuming and developing suggestions for these buildings in regard to efficient energy consuming are the aims of the study. At the first stage of the study the education constructions which are located in Gaziantep and were completed in 2009 and after 2009 were determined. At the second stage, Energy Identity Cards, belonging to the three education buildings determined before, were constituted. At the third stage the energy kinds of the buildings were determined. At the final stage; regarding the symptoms and determining the convenience of the energy identity card rates of the buildings to Turkey's standards, the precautions and suggestions are stated. In consequence of the study; it has been observed that these three buildings have diversities in the kinds of energy consumption (heating, illumination, ventilation, refrigeration, hygienic hot water) and the consumption kinds of the buildings were determined. Regarding this view, essential precautions and the enhancement studies to be applied were determined. It was aimed to contribute to the energy saving by reflecting this assessment to the construction industry and keeping the energy saving at a maximum level.

Load profile analysis is a crucial aspect in the economic management of office buildings, especially if the usage and the cost of energy are very high. The identification of underperformance in a huge number of office buildings requires large amounts of money, personnel and information, which often are unavailable. This paper describes a method for the electricity consumption assessment in office buildings being part of a large real estate. The goal is to identify, by studying the total building consumption and the hourly electrical load patterns, cases with abnormal consumption requiring further energy analysis. Due to European energy regulations, the analysis includes the addition of photovoltaic (PV) systems, for reducing the electricity cost and the dependency on external sources. The PV production matches very well the time evolution of the load, especially for summer cooling. A careful installation of PV systems, aimed at self-consuming all or most of the onsite-produced energy, represents a solution to reduce the electricity from the utility grid. Moreover, the reduction in electric power injection into the grid is useful for the operator of distribution grid.

Human behavior on games has been widely analyzed from the psychological and ethnological fields, for its sociocultural implications. Today, immersed in the society of knowledge and digital culture, we are always connected, so that access to social networks, mobile apps, videos, and examples of gamification is so utterly familiar that sometimes we are not aware of it. The application of this term is being carried out for some decades to develop and elaborate marketing strategies, decision-making, even in areas such as health, promoting healthier behaviors into habits. Gamification consists of applying elements and techniques of game-design in contexts that are not really games. Why apply it in building environmental management? There is a clear problem when implementing strategies of energy savings and efficiency, derived from two distinct issues: users do not know the power of action they have on building environmental management when living / working; and since they ignore it, they are not involved, or not enough. Environmental management in a building often depends on a shortlist of people who are often reduced to Management and Maintenance teams. But, What about users? Can they find comfort in buildings of a certain size? Do they know how to help save energy or use it more efficiently than turning off lights and electronic devices once finished the daily task? The potential of users as actors and part of the whole social team, their empowerment once are aware of that, and beyond, quantifying their action and getting feedback to see how well they are doing, is proposed by gamification methodology. This methodology requires a prior analysis of the user type, objective, implementing game elements (mechanical, dynamic and play components), scope, and uncertainties. After initial training on the operation of the building environmental management, users are involved as co-managers, through some media support that reflects their daily activities and their inclusion in the overall calculation of building management. Involving users as well, would be a great achievement especially in tertiary and unique buildings. El comportamiento humano frente al juego ha sido ampliamente analizado desde los ámbitos psicológico y etnológico, así como su implicación sociocultural. Hoy en día, inmersos en la sociedad del conocimiento y la cultura digital, estamos permanentemente conectados, por lo que acceder a redes sociales, aplicaciones móviles, videos, y ejemplos de gamificación nos es tan absolutamente familiar que a veces no somos conscientes de ello. La aplicación de este término se está llevando a cabo desde hace ya unas décadas para desarrollar elaboradas estrategias de marketing, toma de decisiones, incluso en ámbitos como la salud, propiciando comportamientos hacia hábitos más saludables. La gamificación consiste en aplicar elementos y técnicas de diseño de juegos en contextos que no son propiamente juegos. ¿Porqué aplicarlo en la gestión ambiental de un edificio? Existe un problema claro a la hora de aplicar estrategias de ahorro y eficiencia energéticas, derivadas de dos cuestiones bien diferenciadas: el usuario no conoce el poder de acción que tiene, si es que sabe que lo tiene, sobre la gestión ambiental del edificio en el que vive/trabaja; y al desconocerlo, no se implica, o al menos no lo suficiente. La gestión ambiental de un edificio a menudo depende de una serie restringida de personas, que suelen reducirse al equipo de Dirección, y de Mantenimiento. Pero, ¿y el usuario? ¿puede encontrarse en confort en edificios de ciertas dimensiones? ¿sabe cómo puede contribuir a ahorrar energía o usarla más eficientemente más allá de apagar las luces y los dispositivos electrónicos una vez acabada la tarea diaria?. El potencial del usuario como actor y parte del todo social, así como su empoderamiento una vez es conocedor de aquél, y más allá, el poder cuantificar su acción y poder retroalimentarse para saber cuán bien lo está haciendo, es lo que se plantea a través de la metodología de la gamificación. Esta metodología requiere de un análisis previo del tipo de usuario, objetivo, elementos de juego a aplicar (mecánicas, dinámicas y componentes de juego), alcance, e incertidumbres. Tras una formación inicial sobre el funcionamiento de la gestión ambiental del edificio, se implica al usuario como agente co-gestor, involucrándolo mediante soportes que reflejen su actividad diaria y su repercusión en el cómputo global de la gestión del edificio. Implicar al usuario así, supondría un gran logro especialmente en edificios terciarios y singulares

Mestrado em Construções Civis na Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo Submitted by Sofia Amaral (samaral@estg.ipvc.pt) on 2014-10-23T15:59:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno_Pereira.pdf: 3157667 bytes, checksum: b3d697014ef29fb4fb674a76e2067eab (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Carla Rocha (carlarocha@estg.ipvc.pt) on 2014-10-23T16:02:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno_Pereira.pdf: 3157667 bytes, checksum: b3d697014ef29fb4fb674a76e2067eab (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-23T16:02:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno_Pereira.pdf: 3157667 bytes, checksum: b3d697014ef29fb4fb674a76e2067eab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-07

Mestrado em Constru??es Civis na Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest?o do Instituto Polit?cnico de Viana do Castelo O consumo de energia nos edif?cios ? em toda a Europa muito significativo. Quer ao n?vel das solu??es construtivas, quer ao n?vel dos sistemas e equipamentos, pode ser tomado um conjunto de medidas com um impacto francamente positivo nesse consumo. Neste contexto, a Uni?o Europeia tem vindo a implementar directivas relativas ao desempenho energ?tico dos edif?cios com vista ? sua melhoria. Essas directivas s?o subsequentemente transpostas para os v?rios estados-membro, traduzindo-se em regra em documentos regulamentares. Esta disserta??o analisa a aplica??o da regulamenta??o portuguesa (RCCTE) e espanhola (CET) para o caso de um mesmo edif?cio, situado numa mesma ?rea geogr?fica, comparando os pressupostos e procedimentos de c?lculo e os respectivos resultados. Conclui-se atrav?s dos resultados obtidos face aos valores limite/refer?ncia, revelam grosso modo uma maior exig?ncia do CTE face ao RCCTE e no primeiro caso os valores obtidos aproximam-se mais significativamente dos limites/refer?ncia. Energy consumption in buildings is very significant throughout Europe. In terms of both construction solutions and systems and equipment, measures can be taken with a very positive impact in consumption. In this context, the European Union has implemented Directives concerning the energy performance of buildings (EPBD) aiming the improvement of its efficiency. These directives are subsequently transposed across member states, through laws and regulations implemented at national level. This thesis analyzes the application of portuguese regulation (RCCTE) and spanish regulation (CET) for the case of a building located in the same geographical area, comparing the assumptions, calculation procedures and results. By the results obtained it is concluded against limit/reference values, shows roughly a higher requirement of CTE compared to RCCTE and in the first case the values obtained more significantly approximate their limits/reference.

ispartof: pages:363-370 ispartof: Proceedings of the 1st Central European Symposium on Building Physics pages:363-370 ispartof: CESBP location:Cracow date:13 Sep - 15 Sep 2010 status: published