171 results on '"Enectali, Figueroa-Feliciano"'
Search Results
2. Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter
- Author
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Simon R. Bandler, James A. Chervenak, Aaron M. Datesman, Archana M. Devasia, Michael J. DiPirro, Kazuhiro Sakai, Stephen J. Smith, Thomas R. Stevenson, Wonsik Yoon, Douglas A. Bennett, Benjamin Mates, Daniel S. Swetz, Joel N. Ullom, Kent D. Irwin, Megan E. Eckart, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Dan McCammon, Kevin K. Ryu, Jeffrey R. Olson, and Ben Zeiger
- Subjects
Instrumentation And Photography ,Astronomy - Abstract
Lynx is an x-ray telescope, one of four large satellite mission concepts currently being studied by NASA to be a flagship mission. One of Lynx’s three instruments is an imaging spectrometer called the Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter (LXM), an x-ray microcalorimeter behind an x-ray optic with an angular resolution of 0.5 arc sec and ∼2 sq. m of area at 1 keV. The LXM will provide unparalleled diagnostics of distant extended structures and, in particular, will allow the detailed study of the role of cosmic feedback in the evolution of the Universe. We discuss the baseline design of LXM and some parallel approaches for some of the key technologies. The baseline sensor technology uses transition-edge sensors, but we also consider an alternative approach using metallic magnetic calorimeters. We discuss the requirements for the instrument, the pixel layout, and the baseline readout design, which uses microwave superconducting quantum interference devices and high-electron mobility transistor amplifiers and the cryogenic cooling requirements and strategy for meeting these requirements. For each of these technologies, we discuss the current technology readiness level and our strategy for advancing them to be ready for flight. We also describe the current system design, including the block diagram, and our estimate for the mass, power, and data rate of the instrument.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Transition Edge Sensor Chip Design of a Modular CE$$\upnu$$NS Detector for the Ricochet Experiment
- Author
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Ran Chen, H. Douglas Pinckney, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Ziqing Hong, and Benjamin Schmidt
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,General Materials Science ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) offers a valuable approach in searching for physics beyond the Standard Model. The Ricochet experiment aims to perform a precision measurement of the CE$\nu$NS spectrum at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) nuclear reactor with cryogenic solid-state detectors. The experiment will employ an array of cryogenic thermal detectors, each with a mass of around 30 g and an energy threshold of 50 eV. One section of this array will contain 9 Transition Edge Sensor (TES) based calorimeters. The design will not only fulfill requirements for Ricochet, but also act as a demonstrator for future neutrino experiments that will require thousands of macroscopic detectors. In this article we present an updated TES chip design as well as performance predictions based on a numerical modeling.
- Published
- 2022
4. Design and characterization of a phonon-mediated cryogenic particle detector with an eV-scale threshold and 100 keV-scale dynamic range
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N. Mirabolfathi, C. W. Fink, Yu Kai Chang, P. Lukens, R. Bunker, B. Nebolsky, Z. Williams, Matt Pyle, N. Mishra, L. Hsu, R. Ren, D. A. Bauer, A. Zaytsev, C. Bathurst, T. Reynolds, R. Mahapatra, Fernando Ponce, G. Spahn, Noah Kurinsky, Ziqing Hong, M. J. Wilson, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, M. I. Hollister, R. Chen, H. Meyer Zu Theenhausen, S. L. Watkins, V. Novati, Tarek Saab, N. Mast, and M. Platt
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Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Scattering ,Phonon ,Dynamic range ,Detector ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Particle detector ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Computational physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Ionization ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Energy (signal processing) ,Voltage - Abstract
We present the design and characterization of a cryogenic phonon-sensitive 1-gram Si detector exploiting the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke effect to detect single-charge excitations. This device achieved 2.65(2)~eV phonon energy resolution when operated without a voltage bias across the crystal and a corresponding charge resolution of 0.03 electron-hole pairs at 100~V bias. With a continuous-readout data acquisition system and an offline optimum-filter trigger, we obtain a 9.2~eV threshold with a trigger rate of the order of 20~Hz. The detector's energy scale is calibrated up to 120~keV using an energy estimator based on the pulse area. The high performance of this device allows its application to different fields where excellent energy resolution, low threshold, and large dynamic range are required, including dark matter searches, precision measurements of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, and ionization yield measurements., Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, submitted to PRD
- Published
- 2021
5. Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter
- Author
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Kazuhiro Sakai, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Ben Zeiger, James A. Chervenak, Aaron M. Datesman, Archana M. Devasia, Dan McCammon, Megan E. Eckart, Douglas A. Bennett, Daniel S. Swetz, Kent D. Irwin, Wonsik Yoon, Stephen J. Smith, B. Mates, Simon R. Bandler, Michael J. DiPirro, J. R. Olson, Thomas R. Stevenson, Kevin Ryu, and Joel N. Ullom
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Computer science ,Imaging spectrometer ,Block diagram ,telescope ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,Telescope ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Angular resolution ,Electronics ,Aerospace engineering ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Instrumentation ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Amplifier ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Cryocooler ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,x-ray ,Space and Planetary Science ,Control and Systems Engineering ,cryogenics ,Lynx ,Systems design ,business ,microcalorimeters - Abstract
Lynx is an x-ray telescope, one of four large satellite mission concepts currently being studied by NASA to be a flagship mission. One of Lynx's three instruments is an imaging spectrometer called the Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter (LXM), an x-ray microcalorimeter behind an x-ray optic with an angular resolution of 0.5 arc sec and ∼2 m2 of area at 1 keV. The LXM will provide unparalleled diagnostics of distant extended structures and, in particular, will allow the detailed study of the role of cosmic feedback in the evolution of the Universe. We discuss the baseline design of LXM and some parallel approaches for some of the key technologies. The baseline sensor technology uses transition-edge sensors, but we also consider an alternative approach using metallic magnetic calorimeters. We discuss the requirements for the instrument, the pixel layout, and the baseline readout design, which uses microwave superconducting quantum interference devices and high-electron mobility transistor amplifiers and the cryogenic cooling requirements and strategy for meeting these requirements. For each of these technologies, we discuss the current technology readiness level and our strategy for advancing them to be ready for flight. We also describe the current system design, including the block diagram, and our estimate for the mass, power, and data rate of the instrument.
- Published
- 2021
6. First operation of transition-edge sensors in space with the Micro-X sounding rocket
- Author
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Peter J. Serlemitsos, Gene C. Hilton, Sarah N. T. Heine, Megan E. Eckart, N. Bastidon, Carl D. Reintsema, J. S. Adams, Richard L. Kelley, M. E. Danowski, J. Fuhrman, Stephen J. Smith, R. E. Manzagol-Harwood, Robert G. Baker, D. C. Goldfinger, D. Jardin, Frederick S. Porter, Dan McCammon, Antonia Hubbard, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, William B. Doriese, Takashi Okajima, Caroline A. Kilbourne, P. Wikus, and Simon R. Bandler
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Cryostat ,Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.product_category ,Sounding rocket ,business.industry ,Detector ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Synchronizing ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,law.invention ,SQUID ,Cassiopeia A ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Rocket ,law ,Calibration ,Aerospace engineering ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,business ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) - Abstract
With its first flight in 2018, Micro-X became the first program to fly Transition-Edge Sensors and their SQUID readouts in space. The science goal was a high-resolution, spatially resolved X-ray spectrum of the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant. While a rocket pointing error led to no time on target, the data was used to demonstrate the flight performance of the instrument. The detectors observed X-rays from the on-board calibration source, but a susceptibility to external magnetic fields limited their livetime. Accounting for this, no change was observed in detector response between ground operation and flight operation. This paper provides an overview of the first flight performance and focuses on the upgrades made in preparation for reflight. The largest changes have been upgrading the SQUIDs to mitigate magnetic susceptibility, synchronizing the clocks on the digital electronics to minimize beat frequencies, and replacing the mounts between the cryostat and the rocket skin to improve mechanical integrity. As the first flight performance was consistent with performance on the ground, reaching the instrument goals in the laboratory is considered a strong predictor of future flight performance.
- Published
- 2021
7. Constraints on low-mass, relic dark matter candidates from a surface-operated SuperCDMS single-charge sensitive detector
- Author
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K. Fouts, W. Rau, D. A. Bauer, S. S. Poudel, N. Chott, M. L. di Vacri, Ruth Lawrence, Fernando Ponce, H. E. Rogers, S. Scorza, Xingbo Zhao, R. Germond, John Wilson, Bruno Serfass, M. H. Kelsey, A. N. Villano, S. M. Oser, C. Stanford, E. Lopez Asamar, A. Sattari, Matthew Fritts, A. J. Mayer, Vuk Mandic, I. J. Arnquist, B. A. Hines, N. Herbert, M. Michaud, H. R. Harris, Tarek Saab, N. Mast, P. Cushman, D. Barker, H. G. Zhang, L. Zheng, E. Zhang, Douglas Wright, Sunil Golwala, Seema Verma, M. Stein, T. Reynolds, To Chin Yu, Betty A. Young, R. A. Cameron, John L. Orrell, D. MacDonell, L. Hsu, Yu Kai Chang, S. L. Watkins, Martin E. Huber, D. Toback, Jodi Cooley, C. Cartaro, P. Pakarha, N. Mirabolfathi, Bedangadas Mohanty, Amy Roberts, A. Li, J. D. Morales Mendoza, M. A. Bowles, R. Chen, D. Jardin, D. W. P. Amaral, B. von Krosigk, A. Jastram, C. W. Fink, Matt Pyle, S. Nagorny, E. Fascione, R. Underwood, H. Coombes, T. Aralis, R. W. Schnee, D. B. MacFarlane, E. Azadbakht, T. Binder, David G. Cerdeño, Ben Loer, Blas Cabrera, R. Mahapatra, R. Calkins, J. Corbett, R. Bhattacharyya, Noah Kurinsky, E. Michielin, J. Winchell, J. K. Nelson, L. Wills, S. J. Yellin, Tsuguo Aramaki, L. V. S. Bezerra, W. A. Page, M. I. Hollister, J. Sander, D. J. Sincavage, M. Ghaith, F. De Brienne, G. Gerbier, R. Bunker, J. Street, E. Reid, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, R. Ren, A. Kubik, P. L. Brink, Bernard Sadoulet, A. E. Robinson, V. Iyer, R. Podviianiuk, R. Partridge, P. Lukens, M. Diamond, Ziqing Hong, M. J. Wilson, V. Novati, S. Banik, Eric W. Hoppe, H. Neog, and C. Bathurst
- Subjects
Coupling constant ,Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Dark matter ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Charge (physics) ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Electron ,Kinetic energy ,01 natural sciences ,Dark photon ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,0103 physical sciences ,Absorption (logic) ,Atomic physics ,010306 general physics ,Light dark matter ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
This article presents an analysis and the resulting limits on light dark matter inelastically scattering off of electrons, and on dark photon and axion-like particle absorption, using a second-generation SuperCDMS high-voltage eV-resolution detector. The 0.93 gram Si detector achieved a 3 eV phonon energy resolution; for a detector bias of 100 V, this corresponds to a charge resolution of 3% of a single electron-hole pair. The energy spectrum is reported from a blind analysis with 1.2 gram-days of exposure acquired in an above-ground laboratory. With charge carrier trapping and impact ionization effects incorporated into the dark matter signal models, the dark matter-electron cross section $\bar{\sigma}_{e}$ is constrained for dark matter masses from 0.5--$10^{4} $MeV$/c^{2}$; in the mass range from 1.2--50 eV$/c^{2}$ the dark photon kinetic mixing parameter $\varepsilon$ and the axioelectric coupling constant $g_{ae}$ are constrained. The minimum 90% confidence-level upper limits within the above mentioned mass ranges are $\bar{\sigma}_{e}\,=\,8.7\times10^{-34}$ cm$^{2}$, $\varepsilon\,=\,3.3\times10^{-14}$, and $g_{ae}\,=\,1.0\times10^{-9}$., Comment: 5 pages + title and references, 3 figures and 1 table
- Published
- 2020
8. Modeling of TES based Modular CEvNS detectors for the Ricochet Experiment
- Author
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Ziqing Hong, Pinckney, Doug, Runze Ren, Chen, Ran, and Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano
- Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,High Energy Physics::Experiment - Abstract
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleon scattering (CEvNS) offers a valuable approach in searching for physics beyond the Standard Model. The Ricochet neutrino experiment aims to detect CEvNS at the ILL nuclear reactor with cryogenic solid-state detectors. The design calls for a modular array of cryogenic thermal detectors with a target energy threshold of around 50 eV, with the flexibility of utilizing various target materials. In this poster, we show the latest progress of modeling Transition-Edge-Sensor (TES) thermal detectors for Ricochet, the first iteration of detector fabrication, and engineering data from the first batch of detectors.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Constraints on dark photons and axionlike particles from the SuperCDMS Soudan experiment
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É. M. Michaud, R. Mahapatra, C. W. Fink, R. Underwood, R. A. Cameron, N. Herbert, John L. Orrell, N. Mirabolfathi, D. MacDonell, Ben Loer, D. A. Bauer, S. S. Poudel, C. Cartaro, W. Baker, H. R. Harris, Fernando Ponce, Bedangadas Mohanty, A. Li, Yu Kai Chang, Betty A. Young, Amy Roberts, A. Jastram, C. Stanford, D. J. Sincavage, D. Jardin, A. N. Villano, P. Lukens, M. Diamond, Matthew Fritts, Vuk Mandic, S. M. Oser, K. Fouts, L. Zheng, J. Street, M. Stein, M. I. Hollister, John Wilson, M. E. Huber, E. Azadbakht, A. Kennedy, Ziqing Hong, Xingbo Zhao, T. Reynolds, H. Coombes, F. De Brienne, G. Gerbier, D. B. MacFarlane, Emily Z. Zhang, H. E. Rogers, J. D. Morales Mendoza, L. V. S. Bezerra, Emanuele Michielin, Blas Cabrera, M. J. Wilson, Ruth Lawrence, P. Cushman, T. Binder, Bruno Serfass, S. Banik, Eric W. Hoppe, S. J. Yellin, Tsuguo Aramaki, D. H. Wright, J. Corbett, Noah Kurinsky, H. Neog, C. Bathurst, M. A. Bowles, R. Germond, W. A. Page, Matt Pyle, W. Rau, V. Iyer, R. Podviianiuk, Kartik Senapati, M. Ghaith, Sunil Golwala, S. Nagorny, B. Cornell, E. Fascione, R. Bunker, J. K. Nelson, A. Kubik, M. L. di Vacri, A. E. Robinson, I. J. Arnquist, R. W. Schnee, L. Hsu, S. Scorza, R. Partridge, Tarek Saab, N. Mast, L. Wills, R. Bhattacharyya, D. Toback, B. von Krosigk, J. Sander, Jodi Cooley, M. H. Kelsey, David G. Cerdeño, S. L. Watkins, P. Pakarha, R. Calkins, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, R. Ren, D. Barker, J. Winchell, T. Aralis, Bernard Sadoulet, To Chin Yu, E. Lopez Asamar, Seema Verma, Bruce A. Hines, and P. L. Brink
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Physics ,Range (particle radiation) ,Photon ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Dark matter ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Germanium ,Electron ,Parameter space ,Kinetic energy ,01 natural sciences ,Nuclear physics ,chemistry ,0103 physical sciences ,Particle ,010306 general physics - Abstract
We present an analysis of electron recoils in cryogenic germanium detectors operated during the SuperCDMS Soudan experiment. The data are used to set new constraints on the axioelectric coupling of axionlike particles and the kinetic mixing parameter of dark photons, assuming the respective species constitutes all of the galactic dark matter. This study covers the mass range from 40 eV/c2 to 500 keV/c2 for both candidates, excluding previously untested parameter space for masses below ∼1 keV/c2. For the kinetic mixing of dark photons, values below 10−15 are reached for particle masses around 100 eV/c2; for the axioelectric coupling of axionlike particles, values below 10−12 are reached for particles with masses in the range of a few-hundred eV/c2.
- Published
- 2020
10. Light Dark Matter Search with a High-Resolution Athermal Phonon Detector Operated Above Ground
- Author
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E. Azadbakht, C. W. Fink, C. Cartaro, R. Mahapatra, M. A. Bowles, S. Banik, Eric W. Hoppe, H. Neog, R. A. Cameron, John L. Orrell, C. Bathurst, R. Calkins, D. A. Bauer, S. S. Poudel, D. MacDonell, V. Novati, M. H. Kelsey, M. Diamond, P. Cushman, P. Lukens, Yu Kai Chang, P. Pakarha, J. K. Nelson, Tarek Saab, N. Mast, L. Wills, J. Winchell, R. Partridge, L. V. S. Bezerra, Fernando Ponce, Ziqing Hong, H. G. Zhang, N. Herbert, H. R. Harris, P. L. Brink, D. W. P. Amaral, L. Zheng, M. J. Wilson, D. J. Sincavage, W. A. Page, Bernard Sadoulet, M. Chaudhuri, Blas Cabrera, J. Street, Martin E. Huber, A. E. Robinson, E. Lopez Asamar, N. Mirabolfathi, É. M. Michaud, Bedangadas Mohanty, A. J. Mayer, A. Li, H. Coombes, Noah Kurinsky, I. J. Arnquist, L. Hsu, J. Sander, T. C. Yu, Sunil Golwala, K. Fouts, A. Jastram, J. D. Morales Mendoza, R. W. Schnee, M. Ghaith, Amy Roberts, D. Toback, Ruth Lawrence, T. Binder, Bruno Serfass, A. Kubik, Matt Pyle, T. Aralis, J. Corbett, J. Camilleri, D. Jardin, Matthew Fritts, H. Meyer Zu Theenhausen, V. K. S. Kashyap, C. Stanford, M. I. Hollister, R. Bhattacharyya, Vuk Mandic, E. Michielin, D. H. Wright, A. Sattari, E. Reid, S. J. Yellin, Tsuguo Aramaki, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, R. Ren, F. De Brienne, G. Gerbier, R. Germond, I. Alkhatib, B. A. Hines, S. Zuber, Betty A. Young, Seema Verma, B. von Krosigk, Yu. G. Kolomensky, S. L. Watkins, S. Nagorny, E. Fascione, John Wilson, D. B. MacFarlane, David G. Cerdeño, R. Bunker, Emily Z. Zhang, V. Iyer, R. Chen, R. Podviianiuk, R. Underwood, Ben Loer, Jodi Cooley, A. N. Villano, S. M. Oser, Xingbo Zhao, T. Reynolds, I. Ataee Langroudy, D. Barker, M. L. di Vacri, S. Scorza, W. Rau, N. Chott, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica
- Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Above Grounds ,Phonon ,Dark matter ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Cryogenic Detectors ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Light Dark Matter ,Scattering Cross Section ,0103 physical sciences ,Energy Resolutions ,Dark Matter Searches ,010306 general physics ,Light dark matter ,Physics ,Dark Matter Particles ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Scattering ,Detector ,Resolution (electron density) ,Física ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Particle ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Energy (signal processing) ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
We present limits on spin-independent dark matter-nucleon interactions using a $10.6$ $\mathrm{g}$ Si athermal phonon detector with a baseline energy resolution of $\sigma_E=3.86 \pm 0.04$ $(\mathrm{stat.})^{+0.19}_{-0.00}$ $(\mathrm{syst.})$ $\mathrm{eV}$. This exclusion analysis sets the most stringent dark matter-nucleon scattering cross-section limits achieved by a cryogenic detector for dark matter particle masses from $93$ to $140$ $\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$, with a raw exposure of $9.9$ $\mathrm{g}\cdot\mathrm{d}$ acquired at an above-ground facility. This work illustrates the scientific potential of detectors with athermal phonon sensors with eV-scale energy resolution for future dark matter searches., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, this version includes ancillary files from official data release
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Optimizing Thermal Detectors for Low-Threshold Applications in Neutrino and Dark Matter Experiments
- Author
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Ziqing Hong, H. D. Pinckney, N. Bastidon, Sarah N. Heine, J. Billard, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
- Subjects
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering ,detector: crystal ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Transition-edge sensor ,Dark matter ,Cryogenic detector ,fabrication ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,decoupling ,Nuclear physics ,energy: threshold ,Recoil ,Double beta decay ,0103 physical sciences ,Thermal ,General Materials Science ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,010306 general physics ,detector: design ,Sterile neutrino ,nucleus: recoil ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Scattering ,Detector ,Decoupling (cosmology) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutrino - Abstract
Nuclear recoil detectors with low energy thresholds of 10–100 eV have applications in both neutrino physics (e.g. coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering and neutrinoless double beta decay) as well as for $$\mathscr {O}$$ (GeV)-mass dark matter searches. Cryogenic crystal detectors are well suited for these applications, although some require very large masses which can be achieved with arrays of these detectors. An optimization of a design focusing on ease of fabrication and mass production while retaining low energy thresholds is presented. This is achieved by decoupling the complex lithography of the thermal sensor from the large crystal absorber/target, while optimizing the thermal time constants to retain the lowest threshold possible.
- Published
- 2018
12. Detector Calibration for the Micro-X Sounding Rocket X-ray Telescope
- Author
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J. S. Adams, D. C. Goldfinger, Sarah N. Heine, Megan E. Eckart, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, A. J. F. Hubbard, D. McCammon, S. J. Smith, P. Wikus, William B. Doriese, Takashi Okajima, Peter J. Serlemitsos, Meredith E. Danowski, Gene C. Hilton, Robert G. Baker, Carl D. Reintsema, R. L. Kelley, Simon R. Bandler, Caroline A. Kilbourne, F. S. Porter, R. E. Manzagol-Harwood, and N. Bastidon
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Physics ,Sounding rocket ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Detector ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,X-ray telescope ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,law.invention ,Telescope ,Noise ,Depth sounding ,Optics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Puppis A ,General Materials Science ,Transition edge sensor ,010306 general physics ,business ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics - Abstract
Micro-X is a sounding rocket-borne X-ray telescope that uses a transition edge sensor microcalorimeter array to provide high-energy-resolution spectroscopy. Micro-X is a versatile instrument with plans to observe the Puppis A supernova remnant during its first flight, as well as future observations of the Milky Way to search for X-ray signals from decaying dark matter. Commissioning and functionality testing are complete, and the thermal performance of the system has been validated. We are currently evaluating the detector performance in the flight cryostat with the flight multiplexing electronics. Operating in this setup has allowed us to characterize sources of detector and readout noise, as well as to implement mitigation techniques to improve performance in anticipation of the upcoming flight. We present an overview of important noise considerations in addition to an update on latest detector performance.
- Published
- 2018
13. Parametric Characterization of TES Detectors Under DC Bias
- Author
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Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, James A. Chervenak, Fred M. Finkbeiner, Wonsik Yoon, Aaron M. Datesman, John E. Sadleir, Meng P. Chiao, Megan E. Eckart, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Gabriele L. Betancourt-Martinez, Richard L. Kelley, Frederick S. Porter, Joseph S. Adams, Stephen J. Smith, Sang Jun Lee, Maurice A. Leutenegger, Simon R. Bandler, Edward J. Wassell, and Audrey J. Ewin
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Physics ,Spectrometer ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.industry ,Detector ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Temperature measurement ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Magnetic field ,Thermal conductivity ,Operating temperature ,0103 physical sciences ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Aerospace engineering ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,DC bias ,Parametric statistics - Abstract
The X-ray integrated field unit (X-IFU) in European Space Agency's (ESA's) Athena mission will be the first high-resolution X-ray spectrometer in space using a large-format transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter array. Motivated by optimization of detector performance for X-IFU, we have conducted an extensive campaign of parametric characterization on transition-edge sensor (TES) detectors with nominal geometries and physical properties in order to establish sensitivity trends relative to magnetic field, dc bias on detectors, operating temperature, and to improve our understanding of detector behavior relative to its fundamental properties such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and transition temperature. These results were used for validation of a simple linear detector model in which a small perturbation can be introduced to one or multiple parameters to estimate the error budget for X-IFU. We will show here results of our parametric characterization of TES detectors and briefly discuss the comparison with the TES model.
- Published
- 2017
14. Micro-X Sounding Rocket: Transitioning from First Flight to a Dark Matter Configuration
- Author
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P. Wikus, Gene C. Hilton, P. J. Serlemitsos, M. E. Danowski, Joseph S. Adams, F. S. Porter, Caroline A. Kilbourne, R. E. Manzagol-Harwood, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Adam Anderson, D. C. Goldfinger, Daniel Castro, S. N. T. Heine, Megan E. Eckart, T. Okajima, S. R. Bandler, N. Bastidon, C. D. Reintsema, R. L. Kelley, D. McCammon, Robert G. Baker, William B. Doriese, Samuel Smith, and A. J. F. Hubbard
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Sterile neutrino ,business.product_category ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Dark matter ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Signal ,Multiplexing ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Aerospace engineering ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,Sounding rocket ,business.industry ,Payload ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Rocket ,business ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The Micro-X sounding rocket flew for the first time on July 22, 2018, becoming the first program to fly Transition-Edge Sensors and multiplexing SQUID readout electronics in space. While a rocket pointing failure led to no time on-target, the success of the flight systems was demonstrated. The successful flight operation of the instrument puts the program in a position to modify the payload for indirect galactic dark matter searches. The payload modifications are motivated by the science requirements of this observation. Micro-X can achieve world-leading sensitivity in the keV regime with a single flight. Dark matter sensitivity projections have been updated to include recent observations and the expected sensitivity of Micro-X to these observed fluxes. If a signal is seen (as seen in the X-ray satellites), Micro-X can differentiate an atomic line from a dark matter signature., Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors (LTD18)
- Published
- 2019
15. Erratum: First Dark Matter Constraints from a SuperCDMS Single-Charge Sensitive Detector [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 , 051301 (2018)]
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Betty A. Young, C. Cartaro, A. Kennedy, A. Phipps, Blas Cabrera, Chitrasen Jena, E. Fascione, D. H. Wright, Jodi Cooley, J. V. Leyva, Noah Kurinsky, R. Mahapatra, M. H. Kelsey, W. Rau, T. Binder, C. Stanford, Xingbo Zhao, E. Azadbakht, S. Scorza, E. H. Miller, P. L. Brink, Danielle Speller, J. Street, Amy Roberts, S. J. Yellin, Tsuguo Aramaki, P. Di Stefano, A. N. Villano, Matthew Fritts, S. M. Oser, R. Calkins, B. von Krosigk, Vuk Mandic, H. E. Rogers, R. Agnese, H. R. Harris, M. A. Bowles, T. Reynolds, H. Qiu, A. E. Robinson, V. Iyer, P. Lukens, W. A. Page, C. W. Fink, J. Sander, M. Stein, Martin E. Huber, Bruno Serfass, S. L. Watkins, John Wilson, D. Barker, I. J. Arnquist, D. Jardin, D. A. Bauer, S. Banik, Eric W. Hoppe, J. K. Nelson, S. S. Poudel, W. Baker, B. Cornell, T. Doughty, Fernando Ponce, A. Reisetter, L. Hsu, Ziqing Hong, J. D. Morales Mendoza, John L. Orrell, J. So, X. Zhang, N. Mirabolfathi, D. MacDonell, R. Underwood, Bedangadas Mohanty, A. Scarff, D. Toback, Tarek Saab, N. Mast, G. Gerbier, M. J. Wilson, Ben Loer, Hiromasa Tanaka, R. K. Romani, M. Pepin, David G. Cerdeño, T. Aralis, Matt Pyle, M. Ghaith, A. Kubik, Kartik Senapati, R. Partridge, Sunil Golwala, Yen-Yung Chang, J. Winchell, Bernard Sadoulet, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Lopez Asamar, Ruth Lawrence, R. Germond, R. Bunker, R. W. Schnee, and P. Cushman
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Nuclear physics ,Physics ,Detector ,Dark matter ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Charge (physics) - Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051301.
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- 2019
16. First Operation of TES Microcalorimeters in Space with the Micro-X Sounding Rocket
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Takashi Okajima, Carl D. Reintsema, R. L. Kelley, Samuel Smith, Frederick S. Porter, Robert G. Baker, N. Bastidon, P. Wikus, R. E. Manzagol-Harwood, Gene C. Hilton, Megan E. Eckart, Simon R. Bandler, Caroline A. Kilbourne, M. E. Danowski, Peter J. Serlemitsos, Sarah N. T. Heine, William B. Doriese, Joel N. Ullom, A. J. F. Hubbard, Dan McCammon, J. S. Adams, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, and D. C. Goldfinger
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business.product_category ,Sounding rocket ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Detector ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Depth sounding ,Missile ,Rocket ,Sensor array ,0103 physical sciences ,Calibration ,General Materials Science ,Aerospace engineering ,010306 general physics ,business ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Space environment - Abstract
Micro-X is a sounding rocket-borne instrument that uses a microcalorimeter array to perform high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy. This instrument flew for the first time on July 22nd, 2018 from the White Sands Missile Range, USA. This flight marks the first successful operation of a Transition-Edge Sensor array and its time division multiplexing read-out system in space. This launch was dedicated to the observation of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. A failure in the attitude control system prevented the rocket from pointing and led to no time on target. The on-board calibration source provided X-rays in flight, and it is used to compare detector performance during pre-flight integration, flight, and after the successful post-flight recovery. This calibration data demonstrates the capabilities of the detector in a space environment as well as its potential for future flights., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, Accepted to the JLTP for LTD-18
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- 2019
- Full Text
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17. Thermal Design for the Micro-X Rocket Payload
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Sarah N. T. Heine, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, M. E. Danowski, and D. C. Goldfinger
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010302 applied physics ,Cryostat ,Materials science ,Sounding rocket ,business.product_category ,Meteorology ,Payload ,business.industry ,Refrigerator car ,Heat sink ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Rocket ,0103 physical sciences ,Thermal ,General Materials Science ,Aerospace engineering ,010306 general physics ,Adiabatic process ,business - Abstract
Micro-X is a NASA funded, rocket borne X-ray imaging spectrometer that uses transition edge sensors (TESs) to do high-resolution microcalorimetry. The TESs are cooled by an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator, whose salt pill functions as a heat sink for the detectors. We have made a thermal model of the cryostat with SPICE for the purposes of understanding its behavior at low temperatures. Implementing modifications based on this model has further allowed us to cool the system down to a lower temperature than had previously been accessible and to improve its low-temperature hold time. These modifications include a variety of schemes for power through heat sinks and tweaking the conductance between the cold baths and the refrigerated hardware. We present an overview of the model and its constituent parameters, information about thermal modifications, and a summary of results from thermal tests of the entire system.
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- 2016
18. Experimental Concept for a Precision Measurement of Nuclear Recoil Ionization Yields for Low Mass WIMP Searches
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Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano and Tarek Saab
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Physics ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Dark matter ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Nuclear physics ,Recoil ,WIMP ,Yield (chemistry) ,Weakly interacting massive particles ,Ionization ,0103 physical sciences ,Neutron source ,General Materials Science ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,010306 general physics ,Low Mass - Abstract
Understanding the response of dark matter detectors at the lowest recoil energies is important for correctly interpreting data from current experiments or predicting the sensitivity of future experiments to low mass weakly interacting massive particles. In particular, the ionization yield is essential for determining the correct recoil energy of candidate nuclear recoil events; however, few measurements in cryogenic crystals exist below 1 keV. Using the voltage-assisted calorimetric ionization detection technique with a mono-energetic neutron source, we show that it is possible to determine the ionization yield in cryogenic crystals down to an energy to 100 eV. This measurement will also determine the statistics of ionization production at these low energies.
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- 2016
19. Single electron–hole pair sensitive silicon detector with surface event discrimination
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Ziqing Hong, H. Douglas Pinckney, R. Mahapatra, M. Platt, Lise Wills, N. Mirabolfathi, Suhas Ganjam, Runze Ren, Noah Kurinsky, Brian Nebolsky, and Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano
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Physics ,Imagination ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Chemical substance ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Dark matter ,Detector ,01 natural sciences ,Single electron ,0103 physical sciences ,Optoelectronics ,Silicon detector ,010306 general physics ,business ,Instrumentation ,Voltage ,Leakage (electronics) ,media_common - Abstract
We demonstrate single electron–hole pair resolution in a single-sided, contact-free 1 cm 2 by 1 mm thick Si crystal operated at 48 mK, with a baseline energy resolution of 3 eV. This crystal can be operated at voltages in excess of ± 50 V, resulting in a measured charge resolution of 0.06 electron–hole pairs. The high aluminum coverage ( ∼ 70%) of this device allows for the discrimination of surface events and separation of events occurring near the center of the detector from those near the edge. We use this discrimination ability to show that non-quantized dark events seen in previous detectors of a similar design are likely dominated by charge leakage along the sidewall of the device.
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- 2020
20. Design and status of the Micro-X microcalorimeter sounding rocket
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D. McCammon, N. Bastidon, Peter J. Serlemitsos, F. S. Porter, D. C. Goldfinger, R. E. Manzagol, Sarah N. Heine, William B. Doriese, Joseph S. Adams, Takashi Okajima, Caroline A. Kilbourne, A. J. F. Hubbard, Simon R. Bandler, Gene C. Hilton, P. Wikus, Samuel Smith, Robert G. Baker, Carl D. Reintsema, R. L. Kelley, M. E. Danowski, and Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano
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Physics ,History ,business.product_category ,Sounding rocket ,Payload ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Dark matter ,Astronomy ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,Rocket ,Puppis A ,Transition edge sensor ,Supernova remnant ,business ,Image resolution - Abstract
The Micro-X High Resolution Microcalorimeter X-Ray Imaging Rocket is a sounding rocket mission that will observe Supernova Remnants and search for keV-scale sterile neutrino dark matter. Micro-X will combine the excellent energy resolution of Transition Edge Sensor microcalorimeters with the imaging capabilities of a conical imaging mirror to map extended and point X-ray sources with an unprecedented combination of energy and spatial resolution. The payload has been designed to operate in the challenging conditions of a sounding rocket flight and to achieve sensitive results, in a single five-minute exposure, for each of these science goals. Micro-X’s unique design considerations are presented here, along with the status of the instrument and projections for the upcoming flights. The first Micro-X flight in 2018 will observe the Puppis A supernova remnant, where it will attain nearly 13,000 counts in the 300 s exposure. The second Micro-X flight will observe the Galactic Center to search for keV-scale dark matter and explore the nature of the unexplained 3.5 keV line observed by X-ray satellites.
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- 2020
21. Nuclear-recoil energy scale in CDMS II silicon dark-matter detectors
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X. Zhao, T. Binder, G.L. Godfrey, J. D. Morales Mendoza, R. Underwood, Martin E. Huber, Tarek Saab, K. Schneck, N. Mast, E. H. Miller, M. Pepin, R. Germond, Yi Chen, B. Welliver, J. Hall, A. W. Borgland, H. R. Harris, W. A. Page, Amy Roberts, Yu Kai Chang, S. Fallows, A. N. Villano, Betty A. Young, M. Ghaith, A. Kubik, R. W. Schnee, V. Iyer, S. M. Oser, R. Basu Thakur, Miguel Daal, H. A. Tanaka, S. J. Yellin, Tsuguo Aramaki, A. Phipps, Hassan Chagani, David G. Cerdeño, K. L. Page, T. Doughty, P. Lukens, S. Banik, R. Partridge, Robert A. Moffatt, Kevin A. McCarthy, John Wilson, B. Cornell, R. Calkins, E. Fascione, Sunil Golwala, P. Redl, Ziqing Hong, P. L. Brink, M. Stein, David Moore, M. Peñalver Martinez, Adam Anderson, M. J. Wilson, E. M. Dragowsky, J. K. Nelson, Donald J. Holmgren, C. Cartaro, W. Rau, David O. Caldwell, H. E. Rogers, M. A. Bowles, P. Cushman, J. Sander, S. Scorza, Danielle Speller, H. Qiu, P. Di Stefano, R. Agnese, J. Street, D. Balakishiyeva, L. Hsu, D. Toback, Matt Pyle, Bruno Serfass, Kartik Senapati, D. Jardin, R. Mahapatra, A. Leder, R. Bunker, A. Reisetter, D. MacDonell, C. Jena, G. Gerbier, L. Esteban, D. Barker, Jodi Cooley, M. H. Kelsey, D. A. Bauer, S. S. Poudel, W. Baker, J. J. Yen, Matthew Fritts, Vuk Mandic, X. Zhang, N. Mirabolfathi, Bedangadas Mohanty, A. Jastram, A. Kennedy, Blas Cabrera, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Lopez Asamar, Noah Kurinsky, B. von Krosigk, Bernard Sadoulet, A. E. Robinson, and Douglas Wright
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Dark matter ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Electron ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Recoil ,Ionization ,0103 physical sciences ,Neutron ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,010306 general physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Instrumentation ,Physics ,Elastic scattering ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,3. Good health ,Semiconductor detector ,Cryogenic Dark Matter Search ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment aims to detect dark matter particles that elastically scatter from nuclei in semiconductor detectors. The resulting nuclear-recoil energy depositions are detected by ionization and phonon sensors. Neutrons produce a similar spectrum of low-energy nuclear recoils in such detectors, while most other backgrounds produce electron recoils. The absolute energy scale for nuclear recoils is necessary to interpret results correctly. The energy scale can be determined in CDMS II silicon detectors using neutrons incident from a broad-spectrum $^{252}$Cf source, taking advantage of a prominent resonance in the neutron elastic scattering cross section of silicon at a recoil (neutron) energy near 20 (182) keV. Results indicate that the phonon collection efficiency for nuclear recoils is $4.8^{+0.7}_{-0.9}$% lower than for electron recoils of the same energy. Comparisons of the ionization signals for nuclear recoils to those measured previously by other groups at higher electric fields indicate that the ionization collection efficiency for CDMS II silicon detectors operated at $\sim$4 V/cm is consistent with 100% for nuclear recoils below 20 keV and gradually decreases for larger energies to $\sim$75% at 100 keV. The impact of these measurements on previously published CDMS II silicon results is small., Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures, 1 table, 1 appendix
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- 2018
22. The Design of the Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter (LXM) (Conference Presentation)
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Kazuhiro Sakai, Daniel S. Swetz, Wonsik Yoon, Kevin Ryu, Joel N. Ullom, Megan E. Eckart, Stephen J. Smith, Ben Mates, Dan McCammon, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Douglas A. Bennett, Jeffrey R. Olson, Michael J. DiPirro, Simon R. Bandler, Kent D. Irwin, and Ben Zeiger
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Point spread function ,Physics ,Pixel ,Calorimeter (particle physics) ,business.industry ,Imaging spectrometer ,Context (language use) ,law.invention ,Telescope ,Optics ,law ,Angular resolution ,Transition edge sensor ,business - Abstract
Lynx is an x-ray telescope that is one of four large satellite mission concepts currently being studied by NASA to be the next flagship mission. One of Lynx’s three instruments is the Lynx X-ray Microcalorimeter (LXM), an imaging spectrometer placed at the focus of an x-ray optic with 0.5 arc-second angular resolution and approximately 2 m2 area at 1 keV. It will be used for a wide variety of observations, and the driving performance requirements are met through different sub-regions of the array. It will provide an energy resolution of better than 3 eV over the energy range of 0.2 to 7 keV, with pixels sizes that vary in scale from 0.5 to 1 arc-seconds in the inner 5 arc-minute field-of-view, and to 5 arc-seconds in the extended 20 arc-minute field-of-view. The Main Array consists mostly of 1 arc-second pixels in the central 5 arc-minutes with less than 3 eV energy resolution (FWHM) in the energy range of 0.2 to 7 keV. It is enhanced in the inner 1 arc-minute region with 0.5 arc-second pixels that will better sample the point spread function of the X-ray optic. The inner 5 arc-minute region is designed specifically for the observations related to cosmic feedback studies, investigating the interactions of AGN with the local regions surrounding them. The 0.5" pixel size allows detailed studies of winds and jets on a finer angular scale. It is also optimized for spatially resolved measurements of cluster cores. The outer regions of the array are designed to operate during a completely different set of observations. The Extended Array will be utilized for surveys over large regions of the sky, the 20 arc-minute field-of-view making it practical to make observations of the soft diffuse emission from larger scale-structure such as extended galaxies, the outer regions of galaxy groups and clusters and also cosmic filaments. This array is optimized for high energy resolution up to 2 keV through the use of thin (0.5 um) gold absorbers. The Ultra-High-Res Array is designed specifically to enable the study turbulent line broadening around individual through the study of the highly ionized oxygen lines. It is optimized for energy resolution for the oxygen VII and VIII lines, with better than 0.4 eV energy resolution. In this paper we present the design of the baseline configuration and the scientific motivation. We discuss the technologies that are being developed for this instrument, in particular the transition-edge sensor (TES) and metallic magnetic calorimeter (MMC) sensor technologies. We place these technologies in the context of the required energy resolution, energy range, pixel size, and count-rate, as well as strategies for the pixel layout and wiring. We will discuss the use of microwave SQUIDs, HEMT amplifiers, and parametric amplifiers for the read-out and the implications for the cryogenic design. We also describe the design of the full instrument, including the strawman cryogenic design, as well as an estimate for the mass, power and data rate.
- Published
- 2018
23. Production Rate Measurement of Tritium and Other Cosmogenic Isotopes in Germanium with CDMSlite
- Author
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H. R. Harris, B. Loer, B. Serfass, W. A. Page, S. Scorza, E. Azadbakht, David G. Cerdeño, John L. Orrell, D. MacDonell, C. Cartaro, M. A. Bowles, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, R. Calkins, R. Ren, N. Mirabolfathi, Yu Kai Chang, A. N. Villano, S. M. Oser, Jodi Cooley, John Wilson, B. von Krosigk, G. Gerbier, Xingbo Zhao, T. Reynolds, Betty A. Young, J. Winchell, S. J. Yellin, Tsuguo Aramaki, H. E. Rogers, M. Ghaith, A. Kubik, S. L. Watkins, P. Cushman, J. D. Morales Mendoza, A. Kennedy, Blas Cabrera, Chitrasen Jena, H. A. Tanaka, P. L. Brink, Bernard Sadoulet, A. Scarff, H. Qiu, A. E. Robinson, R. Partridge, Matt Pyle, E. Lopez Asamar, Noah Kurinsky, B. Cornell, R. Underwood, D. Barker, T. Aralis, Kartik Senapati, D. Jardin, R. Agnese, Danielle Speller, I. J. Arnquist, Ruth Lawrence, Tarek Saab, N. Mast, P. Lukens, L. Hsu, T. Binder, Sunil Golwala, D. Toback, M. H. Kelsey, D. H. Wright, Ziqing Hong, R. Bunker, M. Stein, C. W. Fink, M. J. Wilson, S. Banik, Eric W. Hoppe, A. Reisetter, Martin E. Huber, W. Rau, Matthew Fritts, R. Germond, Vuk Mandic, J. K. Nelson, J. Sander, R. W. Schnee, M. Pepin, X. Zhang, Bedangadas Mohanty, A. Jastram, D. A. Bauer, S. S. Poudel, W. Baker, Fernando Ponce, E. Fascione, Amy Roberts, T. Doughty, J. Street, R. Mahapatra, V. Iyer, and E. H. Miller
- Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Dark matter ,chemistry.chemical_element ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Germanium ,Radiation ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Ionization ,0103 physical sciences ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Nuclear Experiment ,Physics ,Radionuclide ,Isotope ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Semiconductor detector ,chemistry ,Tritium ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
Future direct searches for low-mass dark matter particles with germanium detectors, such as SuperCDMS SNOLAB, are expected to be limited by backgrounds from radioactive isotopes activated by cosmogenic radiation inside the germanium. There are limited experimental data available to constrain production rates and a large spread of theoretical predictions. We examine the calculation of expected production rates, and analyze data from the second run of the CDMS low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) to estimate the rates for several isotopes. We model the measured CDMSlite spectrum and fit for contributions from tritium and other isotopes. Using the knowledge of the detector history, these results are converted to cosmogenic production rates at sea level. The production rates in atoms/(kg$\cdot$day) are 74$\pm$9 for $^3$H, 1.5$\pm$0.7 for $^{55}$Fe, 17$\pm$5 for $^{65}$Zn, and 30$\pm$18 for $^{68}$Ge., 14 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables. v5 contains the extended data release (and documentation) of the CDMSlite Run 2 data as ancillary files
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- 2018
24. First Dark Matter Constraints from a SuperCDMS Single-Charge Sensitive Detector
- Author
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C. Stanford, A. N. Villano, S. M. Oser, T. Reynolds, John L. Orrell, R. Underwood, D. MacDonell, B. Cornell, H. R. Harris, J. Street, W. A. Page, John Wilson, A. Scarff, C. Cartaro, P. L. Brink, Hiromasa Tanaka, Ruth Lawrence, E. Fascione, M. Pepin, N. Mirabolfathi, M. Ghaith, A. Kubik, D. Jardin, D. A. Bauer, J. D. Morales Mendoza, Sunil Golwala, S. S. Poudel, T. Doughty, W. Baker, Xingbo Zhao, Tarek Saab, N. Mast, S. Scorza, C. W. Fink, J. K. Nelson, R. Mahapatra, Fernando Ponce, R. Germond, R. W. Schnee, X. Zhang, M. H. Kelsey, B. Loer, B. Serfass, J. V. Leyva, M. Stein, D. Barker, Bedangadas Mohanty, J. Sander, T. Aralis, Amy Roberts, R. Agnese, Martin E. Huber, Betty A. Young, David G. Cerdeño, B. von Krosigk, E. H. Miller, P. Cushman, D. H. Wright, A. Phipps, Yu Kai Chang, R. K. Romani, Jodi Cooley, M. A. Bowles, S. Banik, Eric W. Hoppe, A. Kennedy, Matt Pyle, Blas Cabrera, Chitrasen Jena, T. Binder, S. J. Yellin, Tsuguo Aramaki, Matthew Fritts, Kartik Senapati, E. Azadbakht, Noah Kurinsky, Vuk Mandic, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, R. Partridge, R. Calkins, E. Lopez Asamar, V. Iyer, S. L. Watkins, J. Winchell, Bernard Sadoulet, A. E. Robinson, Danielle Speller, P. Lukens, P. Di Stefano, Ziqing Hong, M. J. Wilson, H. E. Rogers, H. Qiu, R. Bunker, A. Reisetter, W. Rau, J. So, G. Gerbier, I. J. Arnquist, L. Hsu, and D. Toback
- Subjects
Physics ,Photon ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Detector ,Dark matter ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Charge (physics) ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Dark photon ,Semiconductor detector ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Excited state ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
We present the first limits on inelastic electron-scattering dark matter and dark photon absorption using a prototype SuperCDMS detector having a charge resolution of 0.1 electron-hole pairs (CDMS HVeV, a 0.93 gram CDMS HV device). These electron-recoil limits significantly improve experimental constraints on dark matter particles with masses as low as 1 MeV/$\mathrm{c^2}$. We demonstrate a sensitivity to dark photons competitive with other leading approaches but using substantially less exposure (0.49 gram days). These results demonstrate the scientific potential of phonon-mediated semiconductor detectors that are sensitive to single electronic excitations., 6 pages + title and references, 6 figures, includes erratum submitted to PRL and data release
- Published
- 2018
25. Results from the Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Experiment at Soudan
- Author
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Tarek Saab, N. Mast, A. N. Villano, S. M. Oser, P. L. Brink, C. Cartaro, T. Reynolds, H. R. Harris, D. A. Bauer, W. A. Page, B. Welliver, S. S. Poudel, W. Baker, N. Mirabolfathi, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, R. Partridge, A. Kennedy, J. J. Yen, Jodi Cooley, Blas Cabrera, Betty A. Young, B. Cornell, Chitrasen Jena, D. H. Wright, D. Balakishiyeva, A. Phipps, S. Banik, Eric W. Hoppe, J. D. Morales Mendoza, Noah Kurinsky, Xingbo Zhao, A. E. Robinson, Yu Kai Chang, T. Binder, S. Scorza, Matthew Fritts, D. Barker, Bernard Sadoulet, Vuk Mandic, Sunil Golwala, I. J. Arnquist, G. Godfrey, Amy Roberts, P. Di Stefano, Martin E. Huber, M. H. Kelsey, S. J. Yellin, Tsuguo Aramaki, D. Jardin, John Wilson, M. Stein, D. O. Caldwell, L. Hsu, P. Cushman, E. Lopez Asamar, R. Agnese, R. Underwood, D. Toback, J. Hall, Miguel Daal, J. K. Nelson, X. Zhang, M. Peñalver Martinez, Bedangadas Mohanty, Matt Pyle, M. A. Bowles, B. von Krosigk, A. Jastram, Kartik Senapati, J. Sander, Hiromasa Tanaka, John L. Orrell, D. MacDonell, K. Schneck, E. Fascione, M. Pepin, V. Iyer, R. W. Schnee, R. Basu Thakur, K. L. Page, R. Calkins, T. Doughty, H. E. Rogers, H. Qiu, P. Redl, B. Loer, B. Serfass, E. H. Miller, R. Germond, Yi Chen, P. Lukens, Ziqing Hong, M. J. Wilson, Danielle Speller, M. Ghaith, A. Kubik, R. Mahapatra, J. Street, David G. Cerdeño, G. Gerbier, R. Bunker, A. Reisetter, and W. Rau
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Physics ,Particle physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Weakly interacting massive particles ,0103 physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Cryogenic Dark Matter Search ,010306 general physics ,01 natural sciences ,Event (particle physics) - Abstract
We report the result of a blinded search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using the majority of the SuperCDMS Soudan data set. With an exposure of 1690 kg d, a single candidate event is observed, consistent with expected backgrounds. This analysis (combined with previous Ge results) sets an upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP–nucleon cross section of 1.4×10−44 (1.0×10−44) cm2 at 46 GeV/c2. These results set the strongest limits for WIMP–germanium-nucleus interactions for masses >12 GeV/c2.
- Published
- 2018
26. Unfolding Neutron Spectrum with Markov Chain Monte Carlo at MIT Research Reactor with He-3 Neutral Current Detectors
- Author
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Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, L. Zhang, M. Phuthi, Adam Anderson, C. Hasselkus, E. Newman, Joseph A. Formaggio, Lindley Winslow, K. J. Palladino, A. Leder, J. Billard, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon ( IPNL ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics
- Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,polymer ,measurement methods ,FOS: Physical sciences ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,n: thermal ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,symbols.namesake ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,neutrino nucleus: coherent interaction ,[ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,0103 physical sciences ,n: detector ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,Research reactor ,Neutron ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,[ PHYS.NEXP ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation ,[ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Nuclear Experiment ,Mathematical Physics ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,shielding ,background ,Detector ,n: energy spectrum ,Markov chain Monte Carlo ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Neutron temperature ,3. Good health ,Neutrino detector ,symbols ,Ricochet ,nuclear reactor ,helium: nuclide ,Neutrino - Abstract
The Ricochet experiment seeks to measure Coherent (neutral-current) Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering using dark-matter-style detectors with sub-keV thresholds placed near a neutrino source, such as the MIT (research) Reactor (MITR), which operates at 5.5 MW generating approximately 2.2e18 neutrinos/second in its core. Currently, Ricochet is characterizing the backgrounds at MITR, the main component of which comes in the form of neutrons emitted from the core simultaneous with the neutrino signal. To characterize this background, we wrapped Bonner cylinders around a He-3 thermal neutron detector, whose data was then unfolded via a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to produce a neutron energy spectrum across several orders of magnitude. We discuss the resulting spectrum and its implications for deploying Ricochet at the MITR site as well as the feasibility of reducing this background level via the addition of polyethylene shielding around the detector setup., 14 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, published in JINST
- Published
- 2018
27. Lynx Mission concept status
- Author
-
Mitchell A. Rodriguez, Tyrone M. Boswell, William W. Zhang, Feryal Özel, A. Falcone, Wonsik Yoon, Randall C. Hopkins, Kai Wing Chan, Julian Walker, Ralf K. Heilmann, Jay Garcia, Ryan Allured, Justin W. Rowe, Simon R. Bandler, Peter M. Solly, John A. Mulqueen, Steven Sutherlin, Marta Civitani, Karen Gelmis, Michael Baysinger, Leo L. Fabisinski, Andrew Schnell, Mark L. Schattenburg, Raul E. Riveros, Marshall W. Bautz, Thomas N. Jackson, Peter Capizzo, Daniel A. Schwartz, Lester M. Cohen, Michael J. Dipirro, P. Reid, Kiranmayee Kilaru, Douglas A. Swartz, Kevin S. McCarley, Vincenzo Cotroneo, Tianning Liu, A. Domínguez, Jessica A. Gaskin, Robert M. Suggs, Timo T. Saha, James H. Tutt, S. Basso, R. S. McClelland, Giovanni Pareschi, Susan Trolier-McKinstry, Alexey Vikhlinin, Randy L. McEntaffer, Michael P. Biskach, Jacqueline M. Davis, R. P. Kraft, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, and Casey T. DeRoo
- Subjects
Prioritization ,Physics ,Spacecraft ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astronomy ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Planetary system ,01 natural sciences ,Galaxy ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,Telescope ,Stars ,Observatory ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Concept Status ,business ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
Lynx is a concept under study for prioritization in the 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey. Providing orders of magnitude increase in sensitivity over Chandra, Lynx will examine the first black holes and their galaxies, map the large-scale structure and galactic halos, and shed new light on the environments of young stars and their planetary systems. In order to meet the Lynx science goals, the telescope consists of a high-angular resolution optical assembly complemented by an instrument suite that may include a High Definition X-ray Imager, X-ray Microcalorimeter and an X-ray Grating Spectrometer. The telescope is integrated onto the spacecraft to form a comprehensive observatory concept. Progress on the formulation of the Lynx telescope and observatory configuration is reported in this paper.
- Published
- 2017
28. Projected sensitivity of the SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment
- Author
-
Xingbo Zhao, C. Cartaro, M. A. Bowles, R. Agnese, A. N. Villano, S. M. Oser, B. Welliver, John L. Orrell, Jodi Cooley, H. R. Harris, W. A. Page, David G. Cerdeño, G. Gerbier, Tarek Saab, N. Mast, I. J. Arnquist, Sunil Golwala, M. H. Kelsey, R. Underwood, D. Jardin, John Wilson, Bernard Sadoulet, L. Hsu, Hiromasa Tanaka, P. Di Stefano, M. Pepin, E. Lopez Asamar, N. Mirabolfathi, D. Toback, P. Redl, R. Basu Thakur, K. L. Page, R. Mahapatra, A. Leder, R. Calkins, H. E. Rogers, B. Cornell, Donald J. Holmgren, H. Qiu, A. W. Borgland, J. Street, D. Barker, J. D. Morales Mendoza, Danielle Speller, R. Bunker, J. J. Yen, S. Fallows, A. Reisetter, S. J. Yellin, Tsuguo Aramaki, M. Ghaith, Matt Pyle, W. Rau, V. Iyer, T. Doughty, A. Kubik, D. A. Bauer, Amy Roberts, S. S. Poudel, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, W. Baker, J. Sander, L. Esteban, P. Lukens, H. Chagani, Ziqing Hong, R. Partridge, Adam Anderson, Matthew Fritts, A. E. Robinson, Vuk Mandic, Yi Chen, Betty A. Young, T. Hofer, A. Phipps, M. Stein, X. Zhang, Miguel Daal, Robert A. Moffatt, A. Jastram, P. L. Brink, David O. Caldwell, D. H. Wright, Eric W. Hoppe, A. Kennedy, Blas Cabrera, Noah Kurinsky, K. Schneck, B. von Krosigk, B. Loer, B. Serfass, R. W. Schnee, P. Cushman, G.L. Godfrey, Martin E. Huber, and J. Hall
- Subjects
Particle physics ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Solar neutrino ,Dark matter ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Atomic ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Particle and Plasma Physics ,Recoil ,0103 physical sciences ,Nuclear ,010306 general physics ,physics.ins-det ,Physics ,Quantum Physics ,hep-ex ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Detector ,Molecular ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Nuclear & Particles Physics ,Orders of magnitude (time) ,Weakly interacting massive particles ,astro-ph.CO ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Cryogenic Dark Matter Search ,Neutrino ,Astronomical and Space Sciences ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
SuperCDMS SNOLAB will be a next-generation experiment aimed at directly detecting low-mass (< 10 GeV/c$^2$) particles that may constitute dark matter by using cryogenic detectors of two types (HV and iZIP) and two target materials (germanium and silicon). The experiment is being designed with an initial sensitivity to nuclear recoil cross sections ~ 1 x 10$^{-43}$ cm$^2$ for a dark matter particle mass of 1 GeV/c$^2$, and with capacity to continue exploration to both smaller masses and better sensitivities. The phonon sensitivity of the HV detectors will be sufficient to detect nuclear recoils from sub-GeV dark matter. A detailed calibration of the detector response to low energy recoils will be needed to optimize running conditions of the HV detectors and to interpret their data for dark matter searches. Low-activity shielding, and the depth of SNOLAB, will reduce most backgrounds, but cosmogenically produced $^{3}$H and naturally occurring $^{32}$Si will be present in the detectors at some level. Even if these backgrounds are x10 higher than expected, the science reach of the HV detectors would be over three orders of magnitude beyond current results for a dark matter mass of 1 GeV/c$^2$. The iZIP detectors are relatively insensitive to variations in detector response and backgrounds, and will provide better sensitivity for dark matter particle masses (> 5 GeV/c$^2$). The mix of detector types (HV and iZIP), and targets (germanium and silicon), planned for the experiment, as well as flexibility in how the detectors are operated, will allow us to maximize the low-mass reach, and understand the backgrounds that the experiment will encounter. Upgrades to the experiment, perhaps with a variety of ultra-low-background cryogenic detectors, will extend dark matter sensitivity down to the "neutrino floor", where coherent scatters of solar neutrinos become a limiting background., SuperCDMS SNOLAB Projected sensitivity reach
- Published
- 2017
29. Lynx X-Ray Observatory: an overview
- Author
-
Douglas A. Swartz, Jonathan W. Arenberg, Mark L. Schattenburg, Jessica A. Gaskin, Harvey Tananbaum, Eric D. Schwartz, William R. Purcell, A. Falcone, Randall L. McEntaffer, Kiranmayee Kilaru, Daniel A. Schwartz, William W. Zhang, Paul B. Reid, Mark D. Freeman, M. Civitani, Kevin S. McCarley, Megan E. Eckart, Simon R. Bandler, Giovanni Pareschi, Alexey Vikhlinin, Hans Moritz Günther, Mark W. Bautz, Ralph P. Kraft, Grant R. Tremblay, Feryal Özel, A. Domínguez, John ZuHone, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Keith A. Havey, Karen Gelmis, and Ralf K. Heilmann
- Subjects
Scientific instrument ,Large field of view ,Galactic astronomy ,Computer science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Space operations ,Astronomy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,010309 optics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Observatory ,0103 physical sciences ,Galaxy formation and evolution ,Angular resolution ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Instrumentation ,Stellar evolution - Abstract
Lynx, one of the four strategic mission concepts under study for the 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey, provides leaps in capability over previous and planned x-ray missions and provides synergistic observations in the 2030s to a multitude of space- and ground-based observatories across all wavelengths. Lynx provides orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity, on-axis subarcsecond imaging with arcsecond angular resolution over a large field of view, and high-resolution spectroscopy for point-like and extended sources in the 0.2- to 10-keV range. The Lynx architecture enables a broad range of unique and compelling science to be carried out mainly through a General Observer Program. This program is envisioned to include detecting the very first seed black holes, revealing the high-energy drivers of galaxy formation and evolution, and characterizing the mechanisms that govern stellar evolution and stellar ecosystems. The Lynx optics and science instruments are carefully designed to optimize the science capability and, when combined, form an exciting architecture that utilizes relatively mature technologies for a cost that is compatible with the projected NASA Astrophysics budget.
- Published
- 2019
30. Status of the micro-X sounding rocket x-ray spectrometer
- Author
-
F. S. Porter, Megan E. Eckart, Peter J. Serlemitsos, Sarah N. T. Heine, D. C. Goldfinger, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, D. McCammon, William B. Doriese, Takashi Okajima, Meredith E. Danowski, Robert G. Baker, Simon R. Bandler, Carl D. Reintsema, Gene C. Hilton, R. L. Kelley, A. J. F. Hubbard, Joseph S. Adams, P. Wikus, Caroline A. Kilbourne, and Stephen J. Smith
- Subjects
Physics ,X-ray astronomy ,Sounding rocket ,Spectrometer ,business.industry ,Detector ,Field of view ,X-ray telescope ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Telescope ,Optics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Transition edge sensor ,010306 general physics ,business ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Micro-X is a sounding rocket borne X-ray telescope that utilizes transition edge sensors to perform imaging spectroscopy with a high level of energy resolution. Its 2.1m focal length X-ray optic has an effective area of 300 cm 2 , a field of view of 11.8 arcmin, and a bandpass of 0.1–2.5 keV. The detector array has 128 pixels and an intrinsic energy resolution of 4.5 eV FWHM. The integration of the system has progressed with functional tests of the detectors and electronics complete, and performance characterization of the detectors is underway. We present an update of ongoing progress in preparation for the upcoming launch of the instrument.
- Published
- 2016
31. The design, implementation, and performance of the Atro-H SXS calorimeter array and anti-coincidence detector
- Author
-
Christine A. Jhabvala, James A. Chervenak, Regis P. Brekosky, Meng P. Chiao, Dan Kelly, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Christoph H. Grein, Megan E. Eckart, F. Scott Porter, Andrew Szymkowiak, Dan McCammon, Caroline A. Kilbourne, J. Zhao, Richard L. Kelley, Tomomi Watanabe, Joseph S. Adams, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, and Maurice A. Leutenegger
- Subjects
Physics ,Spectrometer ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Detector ,Thermistor ,Cosmic ray ,Heat sink ,01 natural sciences ,Calorimeter ,Optics ,Thermal conductivity ,0103 physical sciences ,Plasma diagnostics ,010306 general physics ,business ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics - Abstract
The calorimeter array of the JAXA Astro-H (renamed Hitomi) Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) was designed to provide unprecedented spectral resolution of spatially extended cosmic x-ray sources and of all cosmic x-ray sources in the Fe-K band around 6 keV, enabling essential plasma diagnostics. The SXS has a square array of 36 microcalorimeters at the focal plane. These calorimeters consist of ion-implanted silicon thermistors and HgTe thermalizing x-ray absorbers. These devices have demonstrated a resolution of better than 4.5 eV at 6 keV when operated at a heat-sink temperature of 50 mK. We will discuss the basic physical parameters of this array, including the array layout, thermal conductance of the link to the heat sink, resistance function, absorber details, and means of attaching the absorber to the thermistorbearing element. We will also present the thermal characterization of the whole array, including thermal conductance and crosstalk measurements and the results of pulsing the frame temperature via alpha particles, heat pulses, and the environmental background. A silicon ionization detector is located behind the calorimeter array and serves to reject events due to cosmic rays. We will briefly describe this anti-coincidence detector and its performance.
- Published
- 2016
32. New Results from the Search for Low-Mass Weakly Interacting Massive Particles with the CDMS Low Ionization Threshold Experiment
- Author
-
B. Welliver, B. Shank, Matt Pyle, J. J. Yen, D. Barker, B. Loer, J. Hall, T. Doughty, B. Serfass, G. L. Godfrey, D. Jardin, R. Agnese, R. Basu Thakur, K. L. Page, Jodi Cooley, R. Calkins, H. R. Harris, N. Mirabolfathi, W. A. Page, Yi Chen, David G. Cerdeño, T. Hofer, D. Balakishiyeva, Y. Ricci, L. Esteban, R. Bunker, J. Zhang, J. D. Morales Mendoza, A. Jastram, M. Asai, A. Reisetter, Miguel Daal, S. Fallows, W. Rau, H. E. Rogers, P. Redl, Sunil Golwala, A. Kennedy, Martin E. Huber, D. A. Bauer, S. J. Yellin, Tsuguo Aramaki, H. Qiu, W. Baker, John Wilson, Blas Cabrera, Tarek Saab, N. Mast, Bernard Sadoulet, Robert A. Moffatt, E. Lopez Asamar, Amy Roberts, A. Borgland, Vuk Mandic, O. Kamaev, K. Prasad, A. Leder, B. Cornell, S. Upadhyayula, R. Underwood, J. Billard, M. Pepin, R. Partridge, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, R. W. Schnee, P. Cushman, M. H. Kelsey, Betty A. Young, A. Phipps, J. Sander, L. Hsu, D. Toback, M. Ghaith, P. Lukens, B. Kara, Adam Anderson, R. Mahapatra, H. Chagani, Donald J. Holmgren, Danielle Speller, M. A. Bowles, K. Schneck, D. H. Wright, P. L. Brink, David O. Caldwell, A. N. Villano, S. M. Oser, S. Scorza, and P. Di Stefano
- Subjects
Physics ,Particle physics ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Phonon ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Electron ,Parameter space ,01 natural sciences ,Semiconductor detector ,Nuclear physics ,WIMP ,Weakly interacting massive particles ,Ionization ,0103 physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment ,010306 general physics ,Low Mass - Abstract
© 2016 American Physical Society. The CDMS low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) uses cryogenic germanium detectors operated at a relatively high bias voltage to amplify the phonon signal in the search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Results are presented from the second CDMSlite run with an exposure of 70 kg day, which reached an energy threshold for electron recoils as low as 56 eV. A fiducialization cut reduces backgrounds below those previously reported by CDMSlite. New parameter space for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section is excluded for WIMP masses between 1.6 and 5.5 GeV/c2.
- Published
- 2016
33. SuperCDMS Cold Hardware Design
- Author
-
Julie A. Rolla, Kent D. Irwin, Gary Godfrey, M. E. Huber, P. L. Brink, S. Al Kenany, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Bruce A. Hines, and D. N. Seitz
- Subjects
Astroparticle physics ,Physics ,Cryostat ,business.industry ,Dark matter ,Cryogenics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,WIMP ,Microphonics ,General Materials Science ,Electronics ,Cryogenic Dark Matter Search ,business ,Computer hardware - Abstract
We discuss the current design of the cold hardware and cold electronics to be used in the upcoming SuperCDMS Soudan deployment. Engineering challenges associated with such concerns as thermal isolation, microphonics, radiopurity, and power dissipation are discussed, along with identifying the design changes necessary for SuperCDMS SNOLAB. The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) employs ultrapure 1-inch thick, 3-inch diameter germanium crystals operating below 50 mK in a dilution cryostat. These detectors give an ionization and phonon signal, which gives us rejection capabilities regarding background events versus dark matter signals.
- Published
- 2012
34. Monte Carlo Simulation of Massive Absorbers for Cryogenic Calorimeters
- Author
-
R. Resch, D. H. Wright, D. Brandt, P. L. Brink, E. Do Couto E Silva, Blas Cabrera, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Steven W. Leman, K. McArthy, Makoto Asai, and M. H. Kelsey
- Subjects
Physics ,Accelerator physics ,Mean free path ,Phonon ,Monte Carlo method ,Dark matter ,Cryogenics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Computational physics ,Calorimeter ,General Materials Science ,Statistical physics ,Event (particle physics) - Abstract
There is a growing interest in cryogenic calorimeters with macroscopic absorbers for applications such as dark matter direct detection and rare event search experiments. The physics of energy transport in calorimeters with absorber masses exceeding several grams is made complex by the anisotropic nature of the absorber crystals as well as the changing mean free paths as phonons decay to progressively lower energies. We present a Monte Carlo model capable of simulating anisotropic phonon transport in cryogenic crystals. We have initiated the validation process and discuss the level of agreement between our simulation and experimental results reported in the literature, focusing on heat pulse propagation in germanium. The simulation framework is implemented using Geant4, a toolkit originally developed for high-energy physics Monte Carlo simulations. Geant4 has also been used for nuclear and accelerator physics, and applications in medical and space sciences. We believe that our current work may open up new avenues for applications in material science and condensed matter physics.
- Published
- 2012
35. Validation of Phonon Physics in the CDMS Detector Monte Carlo
- Author
-
B. Serfass, P. Cushman, Kevin A. McCarthy, D. Brandt, N. Mirabolfathi, L. Novak, Matt Pyle, M. Cherry, R. Partridge, Blas Cabrera, Adam Anderson, R. Resch, A. Reisetter, K. M. Sundqvist, T. Doughty, Bernard Sadoulet, E. Do Couto E Silva, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, P. L. Brink, Astrid Tomada, S. W. Leman, P. Kim, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, McCarthy, Kevin Ahmad, Leman, Steven W., Anderson, Adam Jonathan, and Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali
- Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Phonon ,Monte Carlo method ,Dark matter ,FOS: Physical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Germanium ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Nuclear physics ,WIMP ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Physics ,Scattering ,Detector ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,chemistry ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The SuperCDMS collaboration is a dark matter search effort aimed at detecting the scattering of WIMP dark matter from nuclei in cryogenic germanium targets. The CDMS Detector Monte Carlo (CDMS-DMC) is a simulation tool aimed at achieving a deeper understanding of the performance of the SuperCDMS detectors and aiding the dark matter search analysis. We present results from validation of the phonon physics described in the CDMS-DMC and outline work towards utilizing it in future WIMP search analyses., National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant No. PHY-0847342)
- Published
- 2012
36. Optimum operating regimes of common paramagnetic refrigerants
- Author
-
Gerhard Burghart, P. Wikus, and Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano
- Subjects
Materials science ,Bolometer ,Refrigerator car ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Refrigeration ,Thermodynamics ,Cryogenics ,Cooling capacity ,Design for manufacturability ,law.invention ,Refrigerant ,law ,General Materials Science ,Adiabatic process - Abstract
Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerators (ADRs) are commonly used in cryogenic laboratories to achieve subkelvin temperatures. ADRs are also the technology of choice for several space borne instruments which make use of cryogenic microcalorimeters or bolometers [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] . For these applications, refrigerants with high ratios of cooling capacity to volume, or cooling capacity to mass are usually required. In this manuscript, two charts for the simple selection of the most suitable of several common refrigerants (CAA, CMN, CPA, DGG, FAA, GGG, GLF and MAS) are presented. These graphs are valid for single stage cycles. The selection of the refrigerants is uniquely dependent on the starting conditions of the refrigeration cycle (temperature and magnetic field density) and the desired final temperature. Only thermodynamic properties of the refrigerants have been taken into account, and other important factors such as availability and manufacturability have not been considered.
- Published
- 2011
37. Direct detection searches for WIMP dark matter
- Author
-
Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,WIMP ,Baryonic dark matter ,Weakly interacting massive particles ,Dark matter ,Scalar field dark matter ,Warm dark matter ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Light dark matter - Abstract
A very active hunt is underway to discover the composition of dark matter in the universe. A large effort is devoted to the direct detection of dark matter through interactions with detectors in the laboratory. In this paper, we give an overview of the dark matter problem, discuss some of the design considerations taken in direct detection experiments, and describe some of the current efforts to discover Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), a well-motivated class of candidates for dark matter.
- Published
- 2011
38. The electrical resistance and thermal conductivity of Ti 15V–3Cr–3Sn–3Al at cryogenic temperatures
- Author
-
S. A. Hertel, P. Wikus, Kevin A. McCarthy, Steven M. Ojeda, Steven W. Leman, and Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano
- Subjects
Superconductivity ,Materials science ,biology ,Transition temperature ,Analytical chemistry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Thermodynamics ,Cryogenics ,Titanio ,biology.organism_classification ,Metal ,Thermal conductivity ,chemistry ,Electrical resistance and conductance ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,General Materials Science ,Titanium - Abstract
Ti 15V–3Cr–3Sn–3Al, sometimes referred to as Ti 15-3-3-3 or “Magic Titanium”, is a candidate material for components requiring high mechanical strength and low thermal conductivity at cryogenic temperatures. The electrical resistance of Ti 15-3-3-3 was measured between 230 mK and room temperature, and the thermal conductivity between 230 mK and 7.7 K. A superconducting transition was observed at TC = 3.89 ± 0.01 K. Below the superconducting transition temperature, the thermal conductivity was fitted to a function of the form λ ( T T C ) = α · T · e - β · T C / T , where α = 0.043 ± 0.002 W/(m K2) and β = 0.27 ± 0.01. Above TC, the thermal conductivity of Ti 15-3-3-3 was fitted to a function of the form λ(T > TC) = γ · Tδ, where γ = α · T C 1 - δ · e - β and δ = 0.4 ± 0.05. The thermal conductivity of Ti 15-3-3-3 is compared with other materials commonly used for the construction of thermally isolating support structures. Ti 15-3-3-3 is shown to exhibit one of the lowest ratios of thermal conductivity to mechanical strength and is thus particularly well suited for such applications.
- Published
- 2011
39. Design, implementation, and performance of the Astro-H SXS calorimeter array and anticoincidence detector
- Author
-
Joseph S. Adams, F. Scott Porter, D. McCammon, Maurice A. Leutenegger, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Meng P. Chiao, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Tomomi Watanabe, Megan E. Eckart, Dan Kelly, James A. Chervenak, Andrew Szymkowiak, J. Zhao, Regis P. Brekosky, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Christoph H. Grein, and Christine A. Jhabvala
- Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Cosmic ray ,02 engineering and technology ,Heat sink ,01 natural sciences ,Thermal conductivity ,Optics ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation ,Physics ,Spectrometer ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Detector ,Thermistor ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Calorimeter ,Space and Planetary Science ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Plasma diagnostics ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
The calorimeter array of the JAXA Astro-H (renamed Hitomi) soft x-ray spectrometer (SXS) was designed to provide unprecedented spectral resolution of spatially extended cosmic x-ray sources and of all cosmic x-ray sources in the Fe-K band around 6 keV, enabling essential plasma diagnostics. The SXS had a square array of 36 x-ray calorimeters at the focal plane. These calorimeters consisted of ion-implanted silicon thermistors and HgTe thermalizing x-ray absorbers. These devices demonstrated a resolution of better than 4.5 eV at 6 keV when operated at a heat-sink temperature of 50 mK. We will discuss the basic physical parameters of this array, including the array layout, thermal conductance of the link to the heat sink, resistance function, absorber details, and means of attaching the absorber to the thermistor-bearing element. We will also present the thermal characterization of the whole array, including thermal conductance and crosstalk measurements and the results of pulsing the frame temperature via alpha particles, heat pulses, and the environmental background. A silicon ionization detector was located behind the calorimeter array and served to reject events due to cosmic rays. We will briefly describe this anticoincidence detector and its performance.
- Published
- 2018
40. The specific heat and thermal conductivity of Eccosorb CR-124 between 800mK and 6K
- Author
-
Scott W. Vasquez, S. A. Hertel, Kevin A. McCarthy, Steven W. Leman, John M. Rutherford, S. N. Trowbridge, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Yelena S. Bagdasarova, and P. Wikus
- Subjects
Materials science ,Thermal conductivity ,Specific heat ,Thermal radiation ,Heat pulse ,Analytical chemistry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Thermodynamics ,General Materials Science ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,Thermal diffusivity - Abstract
Eccosorb CR-124 is a castable iron-loaded epoxy resin with excellent absorption properties for electromagnetic waves in the GHz range. It is commonly used in low temperature instruments to absorb thermal radiation. The specific heat c ( T ) of Eccosorb CR-124 was measured between 800 mK and 6 K with the heat pulse method. The results were fitted to the function c ( T ) = ( 0.132 ± 0.003 ) · T + ( 0.0053 ± 0.0003 ) · T 3 J kg - 1 K - 1 , with T being the temperature in Kelvin. In addition, the thermal diffusivity D ( T ) of Eccosorb CR-124 was determined. At a temperature of 2.3 K, a peak is observed in D ( T ) . Consequently, the thermal conductivity λ ( T ) of Eccosorb CR-124 features two distinct regimes. Below 2.3 K, it fits the function λ ( T 2.3 K ) = ( 0.0038 ± 0.0003 ) · T 2 ± 0.1 W m - 1 K - 1 . Above 2.3 K, it fits the function λ ( T > 2.3 K ) = ( 0.0057 ± 0.0004 ) · T 1.4 ± 0.04 W m - 1 K - 1 .
- Published
- 2009
41. Micro-X, the TES X-ray Imaging Rocket: First Year Progress
- Author
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Kathryn A. Flanagan, R. L. Kelley, Peter J. Serlemitsos, Robert Petre, M. Loewenstein, D. McCammon, D. Najjar, Gregory V. Brown, Frederick S. Porter, Joseph S. Adams, Massimiliano Galeazzi, K. Yoha, John M. Rutherford, William B. Doriese, Tarek Saab, Kent D. Irwin, S. Deiker, Joel N. Ullom, R. Smith, D. Martinez-Galarce, Caroline A. Kilbourne, P. Wikus, Kevin R. Boyce, Gene C. Hilton, Simon R. Bandler, Carl D. Reintsema, Steven E. Kissel, T. R. Kallman, Marshall W. Bautz, R. F. Mushotzky, Steven W. Leman, Una Hwang, Alan M. Levine, Y. Bagdasarova, Norbert S. Schulz, and Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano
- Subjects
Physics ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Detector ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Superconducting magnet ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,SQUID ,Optics ,Sensor array ,Operating temperature ,law ,Electromagnetic shielding ,Puppis A ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Transition edge sensor ,business - Abstract
Micro-X is a sounding-rocket experiment that will combine a transition edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter array with an imaging mirror to obtain high-spectral-resolution images of astronomical X-ray sources. The instrument's resolution across the 0.3-2.5 keV band will be 2 eV. The first flight will target the region of the Bright Eastern Knot of the Puppis A supernova remnant and is slated for January 2011. The obtained high-resolution X-ray spectra will be used to ascertain the temperature and ionization state of the X-ray-emitting gas and to determine its velocity structure. The TES array is read out by a time-division superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) multiplexing system. The detector front end assembly and the SQUID multiplexing circuit are cooled to the operating temperature of 50 mK with an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR). The design of this refrigerator is tailored to the requirements of rocket flight. Stable operation of the TES array close to the ADR magnet will be achieved with a magnetic shielding system, which will be based on a combination of a bucking coil and high-permeability and superconducting shield materials to cancel out residual fields. We describe our progress in developing the Micro-X instrument.
- Published
- 2009
42. Development of Position-Sensitive Transition-Edge Sensor X-Ray Detectors
- Author
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Simon R. Bandler, R. L. Kelley, Ari-David Brown, Stephen J. Smith, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Jay Chervenak, Frederick S. Porter, F. M. Finkbeiner, John E. Sadleir, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Regis P. Brekosky, and Megan E. Eckart
- Subjects
Physics ,Pixel ,Noise measurement ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,X-ray detector ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Noise (electronics) ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Cardinal point ,Optics ,Rise time ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Transition edge sensor ,business ,Position sensor - Abstract
We report on the development of position-sensitive transition-edge sensors (PoST's) for future X-ray astronomy missions such as the International X-ray Observatory (IXO), under study by NASA and ESA. PoST's consist of multiple absorbers each with a different thermal coupling to one or more transition-edge sensors (TESs). This results in a characteristic pulse shape for each absorber element and allows position discrimination. PoST development is motivated by a desire to achieve maximum focal-plane area with the fewest number of readout channels. We report detailed characterization of our single TES PoST's or Hydras, which consist of four electroplated Au/Bi absorbers coupled to a low noise Mo/Au TES. Using a numerical model of the Hydra we fit to measured complex impedance curves and determine device parameters that allow us to accurately reproduce the measured pulse shapes and noise spectra. Results from Hydras with different internal thermal conductances reveal the trade-offs in optimizing for energy resolution or position-sensitivity. We report a best achievable energy resolution of < 6.0 eV across all pixels for a device with transition temperature of 86 mK, coupled with straightforward position discrimination by rise-time.
- Published
- 2009
43. Modeling of TES X-Ray Microcalorimeters with a Novel Absorber Design
- Author
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Stephen J. Smith, Jay Chervenak, R. L. Kelley, Frederick S. Porter, F. M. Finkbeiner, Tarek Saab, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Mark A. Lindeman, Ari-David Brown, Simon R. Bandler, Regis P. Brekosky, John E. Sadleir, and Naoko Iyomoto
- Subjects
Physics ,X-ray spectroscopy ,business.industry ,Resolution (electron density) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Noise (electronics) ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Spectral line ,Bismuth ,Optics ,chemistry ,General Materials Science ,Quantum efficiency ,business ,Electrical impedance ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
We have successfully modeled our new TES (transition-edge sensor) X-ray microcalorimeters with a novel X-ray absorber design that is suitable for close-packed array with high quantum efficiency. We have determined device parameters that reproduce complex impedance curves and noise spectra throughout the transition. Observed pulse height, decay time and baseline energy resolution were in good agreement with simulated results using the same parameters.
- Published
- 2008
44. Heat Sinking and Crosstalk for Large, Close-Packed Arrays of Microcalorimeters
- Author
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John E. Sadleir, Frederick S. Porter, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Simon R. Bandler, F. M. Finkbeiner, Jay Chervenak, R. L. Kelley, Stephen J. Smith, Naoko Iyomoto, Ari-David Brown, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, and Regis P. Brekosky
- Subjects
Physics ,Pixel ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,business.industry ,Quantitative Biology::Molecular Networks ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Quantitative Biology::Subcellular Processes ,Crosstalk ,Computer Science::Hardware Architecture ,Optics ,Thermal ,General Materials Science ,business - Abstract
We have studied crosstalk on our 8×8 transition-edge sensor (TES) x-ray microcalorimeter arrays. The shapes of thermal crosstalk pulses are well reproduced as a convolution of heat input from the source pixel and decay in the receiver pixel. We have measured the amount of thermal crosstalk as a function of distance between the source and receiver pixels. Using the results, we have estimated the degradation of energy resolution due to the thermal crosstalk as a function of count rate to determine the level of thermal crosstalk that is needed to satisfy the requirements of NASA’s Constellation-X mission.
- Published
- 2008
45. Studies of Thermal Diffusion in Planar Absorber Designs for the Micro-X Rocket
- Author
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R. L. Kelley, Naoko Iyomoto, Tarek Saab, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Stephen J. Smith, Frederick S. Porter, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, P. M. Rivera-Ortiz, and Simon R. Bandler
- Subjects
Physics ,High energy ,business.product_category ,Photon ,Pixel ,business.industry ,Resolution (electron density) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Thermal diffusivity ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Optics ,Planar ,Rocket ,General Materials Science ,Diffusion (business) ,business - Abstract
We have studied a potential design for a transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter array for the Micro-X High Resolution Microcalorimeter X-ray Imaging Rocket. Diffusion simulations of a design that places a small TES in the center of the pixel with a large in-plane absorber around the TES demonstrate that with high-quality gold films (RRR >6) 2 eV resolution is attainable in a 700 μm pixel, meeting the Micro-X requirement. X-ray hits directly on the TES, however, create a non-gaussian high energy tail to the device response. This high energy tail contains 5% of incident photons and cannot be removed by lowering the optimal filter bandwidth.
- Published
- 2008
46. Present Status of the SuperCDMS program
- Author
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J. Hall, R. Hennings-Yeomans, Darren Grant, W. Rau, Jeffrey P. Filippini, S. J. Yellin, R. W. Ogburn, L. Duong, Martin E. Huber, Jodi Cooley, Bruno Serfass, J. Yoo, Tarek Saab, Kent D. Irwin, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, F. DeJongh, Betty A. Young, K. M. Sundqvist, Astrid Tomada, Bernard Sadoulet, M. R. Dragowsky, Blas Cabrera, X. Qiu, J. Sander, D. O. Caldwell, R. Schmitt, R. Mahapatra, Donald J. Holmgren, A. Reisetter, C. N. Bailey, D. A. Bauer, Sunil Golwala, M. Pyle, R. Bunker, L. Novak, R. W. Schnee, P. Cushman, D. N. Seitz, D. S. Akerib, H. N. Nelson, N. Mirabolfathi, P. L. Brink, and E. J. Ramberg
- Subjects
Physics ,Particle physics ,Large Hadron Collider ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Dark matter ,Massive particle ,Supersymmetry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Nuclear physics ,WIMP ,Weakly interacting massive particles ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,General Materials Science ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Cryogenic Dark Matter Search - Abstract
The expected final reach of the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) search experiment CDMS-II by the end of 2007 is a WIMP-nucleon cross-section sensitivity of 2.1×10−44 cm2. To proceed further in our search, we have proposed the SuperCDMS Phase A project that would deploy 42 1-inch thick Ge detectors, at a site deeper than the location of CDMS II, and reach a desired sensitivity goal of 1.3×10−45 cm2. These cross-sections are of interest and are complementary to Supersymmetry searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and future linear colliders.
- Published
- 2008
47. Various Optimizations of TES Arrays for X-Ray Astrophysics
- Author
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Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Naoko Iyomoto, Stephen J. Smith, Frederick S. Porter, F. M. Finkbeiner, R. L. Kelley, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Simon R. Bandler, Jay Chervenak, and Ari-David Brown
- Subjects
Physics ,Pixel ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,law.invention ,Telescope ,Optics ,Band-pass filter ,Operating temperature ,law ,Broadband ,General Materials Science ,Transition edge sensor ,Spectroscopy ,business ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
We are developing arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TES) for imaging X-ray spectroscopy telescopes such as the XMS on Constellation-X. While our primary focus has been on arrays that meet the XMS requirements (of which, foremost, are an energy resolution of 2.5 eV at 6 keV and a band pass from ∼0.3 keV to 12 keV), we are also beginning to investigate other optimizations that might be used to extend the XMS capabilities. In one of these optimizations, improved resolution below 1 keV is achieved by reducing the heat capacity. These low-energy pixels can be added to an array with broadband response either as a separate array or interspersed, depending on other factors that include telescope design and science requirements. To explore optimizations for higher count rates, we are also optimizing the design and operating temperature of pixels that are coupled to a solid substrate. We present analysis of the preliminary performance of such variations.
- Published
- 2008
48. Micro-X: Mission Overview and Science Goals
- Author
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Una Hwang, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Frederick S. Porter, R. Smith, Kent D. Irwin, Marshall W. Bautz, Tarek Saab, M. Loewenstein, Peter J. Serlemitsos, Kathryn A. Flanagan, Joel N. Ullom, Steven E. Kissel, Simon R. Bandler, Alan M. Levine, Timothy R. Kallman, S. Deiker, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Norbert S. Schulz, Gregory V. Brown, Dennis S. Martinez-Galarce, R. F. Mushotzky, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Gene C. Hilton, C. D. Reistema, D. McCammon, R. L. Kelley, William B. Doriese, and Robert Petre
- Subjects
Physics ,Photon ,business.product_category ,Sounding rocket ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astronomy ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Pathfinder ,Spitzer Space Telescope ,Rocket ,Puppis A ,General Materials Science ,Spectral resolution ,Focus (optics) ,business - Abstract
Micro-X, the High-Resolution Microcalorimeter X-ray Imaging Rocket, is a sounding rocket space telescope that will combine a transition-edge-sensor (TES) X-ray microcalorimeter array with a conical imaging mirror to obtain high spectral resolution images of extended and point X-ray sources. Microcalorimeters measure the energy of an absorbed photon by sensing the increase in temperature of the sensor from the thermalization of the absorbed photon’s energy. The advantages and scientific promise of this technology have fueled active development for the past 20 years. We will leverage this development and take the next step by producing a flight-qualified system that will serve as a pathfinder for future missions. Our scientific program will initially focus on extended sources, for which our high-spectral-resolution observations have distinct advantages over other technologies. For our initial flight, we will observe the bright eastern knot in the Puppis A remnant, a site of complex cloud-shock interactions and ejecta enrichment. A Micro-X observation of the bright eastern knot of Puppis A will obtain a line-dominated spectrum with 90,000 counts collected in 300 seconds at 2 eV resolution across the 0.3–2.5 keV band.
- Published
- 2008
49. Optimizing Arrays of Position-Sensitive TESs
- Author
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Stephen J. Smith, Simon R. Bandler, Frederick S. Porter, F. M. Finkbeiner, Naoko Iyomoto, R. L. Kelley, Jay Chervenak, Ari-David Brown, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, and Caroline A. Kilbourne
- Subjects
Signal processing ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Electrical engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Inductance ,Position (vector) ,Simulated data ,Thermal ,Signal processing algorithms ,General Materials Science ,business ,Communication channel - Abstract
We are developing position-sensitive transition-edge sensors (PoSTs) for future X-ray astronomy missions such as NASAs Constellation-X. The PoST consists of 1 or more transitions-edge sensors (TESs) thermally connected to a large X-ray absorber, which through heat diffusion, gives rise to position dependence. The development of PoSTs is motivated by the desire to achieve the largest focal-plane coverage with the fewest number of readout channels. In this paper, we investigate optimized signal processing algorithms for single channel PoSTs or ‘Hydras’ (consisting of 4-absorbers connected to 1 TES). Using simulated data, we investigate the impact different parameters such as the thermal conductances and the inductance of the bias circuit have on device performance.
- Published
- 2008
50. Performance of Micro-fabricated Magnetic Calorimeters Arrays for X-Ray Spectroscopy
- Author
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Wen-Ting Hsieh, Hannes Rotzinger, Simon R. Bandler, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Thomas R. Stevenson, Joern Beyer, H. Eguchi, Joseph S. Adams, and George M. Seidel
- Subjects
Physics ,Pixel ,business.industry ,Persistent current ,Large format ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,law.invention ,SQUID ,Magnetization ,Paramagnetism ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,law ,Electromagnetic coil ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,Wafer ,business - Abstract
We have been developing array technology for fabricating magnetic calorimeters for X-ray astronomy. The magnetization change in each pixel of the paramagnetic sensor material due to the heat input of an absorbed X-ray is sensed by a meander shaped coil. With this geometry it is possible to obtain excellent energy sensitivity, low magnetic cross-talk and large format arrays fabricated on wafers that are separate from the SQUID read-out. A magnetic bias field for each pixel is generated by the use of a persistent current that is stored. We report on the results from our prototype arrays, which are coupled to low noise DC-SQUIDs. The first test results are presented and the sensitivity is compared with calculations.
- Published
- 2008
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