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Background: Treating meningeal tumours invading the large dural venous sinuses is a subject of debate regarding the approach for removing the intra-sinus components. Additionally, directly observing the invasion site of tumours invading the lateral wall of the sinus is difficult. Method: We describe our exo- and endoscopic two-step approach (EETA): an exoscope is used to remove the extra-sinus component, while an endoscope is used to observe the invaded lateral wall and remove the intra-sinus component. Conclusion: EETA can be a viable option for treating meningeal tumours invading the venous sinus owing to its high resection rate and low invasiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bat boxes can be employed to provide mitigation for the loss of trees with bat roost potential. Eighty bat boxes were deployed by the Hamilton City Council as part of the bat mitigation strategy for the Southern Links Project in southern Hamilton. Several contemporary methods were employed to determine bat box occupancy to ensure effective monitoring. This included visual scoring assessments (e.g. staining, wetness), endoscope surveys, thermal imaging, and eDNA. Emergence survey data were provided by the University of Waikato which provided further insight into the accuracy of the methods. Jointly the methods confirmed the use of 34 Kent style boxes (n = 70; 49%). Indicating a high success rate of box utilisation over a relatively short period (two years). Of the methods, eDNA confirmed the largest percentage of bat box use. Comparatively, thermal imaging provided an alternative and less intrusive means of surveying on-the-day bat presence. However, there were instances where survey conditions (e.g. terrain, vegetation clutter, solar irradiance, rainfall) influenced the reliability of thermal imaging. While visual assessment and thermal imaging cannot be solely relied on, they provide a supportive tool for other monitoring techniques. They can help guide the application of more definitive methods such as eDNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epiphora is an annoying symptom, embarrassing the patient both socially and functionally. The two widely accepted treatment modalities of epiphora resulting from obstruction of the nasolacrimal ductus are external and endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). To compare the outcome of endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with stent and without stent prospectively and to compare the outcome of endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with stent and without stent with external dacryocystorhinostomy retrospectively. This retrospective and prospective clinical interventional study was done in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Institute of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, A.M.U., Aligarh from July 2012 to September 2017. 110 patients of epiphora participated in the study and were divided into three groups: Group I: Endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy with stent. Group II: Endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy without stent. Group III: External dacryocystorhinostomy. Out of them 60 patients were for Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (30 patients with stent and 30 patients without stent) and 50 patients were for External dacryocystorhinostomy. 71 (65%) were females while 39 (35%) were males (p < 0.05) with age ranging from ranging 8–60 years (mean 34.96 years) with predominance of symptoms in left eye (p < 0.01). A lower complication rate was observed in the endoscopic group, with minimal morbidity and shorter operative time compared with the external approach. Follow up was done at postoperative day 1st and 7th, at 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 3 months for assessing complications of operation, symptomatic relief of epiphora and syringing for anatomical patency. In our study, Success rate was 93.30% in Group I and 96.60% in Group II while 90% in group III. The avoidance of a cutaneous scar has been a strong impetus to further the success and improve outcomes of endonasal DCR. Endonasal DCR without stent has lesser incidence of post-operative fibrosis and higher patient's acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endoscopic middle ear surgery can be utilized to visualize and excise retraction pockets without the need for extensive bone work and removal of lateral bone. To evaluate the role of endoscope in the management of squamosal type of chronic otitis media. A total of 25 adults subjects (male = 12, female = 13) in the age group of 18–55 years suffering with chronic otitis media were operated by transcanal endoscopic approach. High resolution computed tomography of temporal bone was done to help identify the anatomy and underlying extent of disease. All patients were operated by transcanal endoscopic technique. The study concluded that the endoscope gives a better visualization of the middle ear and its hidden areas. The extensive bone work and associated cavity related problems can be avoided and normal anatomy can be preserved with the help of endoscopic ear surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to inspect the interior of hollow organs or cavities in the human body, endoscopes are frequently employed in medicine. Over time, they have undergone substantial evolution and are now able to offer invaluable diagnostic data. The non‐invasive identification of tissue abnormalities with subcellular resolution or real‐time biochemical information is made possible by novel endoscopic optical diagnostic methods. These methods provide benefits in terms of detection, characterization, and confirmation while challenging conventional histology. An investigation is conducted on a magnetized ternary nanofluid to analyze its heat production characteristics in a heated flow scenario between two curved conduits that are peristaltic and experience sinusoidal fluctuations. In this study, the use of a new peristaltic endoscope inside a curved conduit is examined, with a specific focus on evaluating the flowing behavior and heat transference attributes. The use of a versatile and innovative endoscope equipped with peristaltic locomotion proves to be a superior approach for conducting endoscopic procedures on intricate mechanical systems. Furthermore, this advanced endoscope offers enhanced comfort for patients undertaking endoscopy of various human parts. A detailed mathematical model has been constructed to fully assess the flowing and heat transference study of this innovative endoscope using the main unsteady regulating formulas like impetus, Maxwell, and heat in their general form, then transformed to a non‐dimensional system with the assumption of a low Reynold's number and wavelength. Mathematica software was used to conduct precise and methodical calculations, enabling the acquisition of both accurate mathematical results and graphical representations. According to certain findings, the conduit is more influenced by the magnetized force, and the pressure rate over the channel width changes from a linear relationship to a sharp curve that ends in a small peak. Additionally, when utilizing different kinds of nanoparticles, there is a noticeable increase in the pressure gradient's magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion The treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with bilateral radiculopathy using transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) remains challenging, especially at the L5/S1 level with narrow foramen or high iliac crest. Full‐endoscopic visualized foraminoplasty and discectomy (FEVFD) is a newly developed technique for LDH and lumbar stenosis. However, there is limited evidence on the efficacy of FEVFD technique in the treatment of LDH with bilateral radiculopathy. This study was to assess the clinical outcomes and safety of using FEVFD in the treatment of LDH with bilateral radiculopathy.This retrospective study enrolled 63 patients with LDH presenting with bilateral radiculopathy between January 2018 and January 2022. Patients enrolled before January 2020 were treated using a conventional transforaminal endoscopic surgical system (TESSYS) technique (TESSYS, n = 33) and treated using a FEVFD technique after that (FEVFD, n = 30). The total operation time and the number of intraoperative fluoroscopies were recorded. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively (at 1‐month, 3‐month, 6‐month, and final follow‐ups). Global outcomes at final follow‐up were assessed using modified MacNab criteria.Compared with TESSYS, patients in FEVFD group had a shorter operation time (92.9 vs. 78.0 min). The intraoperative fluoroscopies in FEVFD group were significantly lower than those in TESSYS group (18.7 vs. 4.9). After the operation, the VAS and ODI scores at all follow‐ups in the two groups were significantly lower than those before operation. For the L5/S1 level, the values of VAS and ODI scores in FEVFD group were significantly lower than those of in TESSYS group at 3‐month, 6‐month, and final follow‐up. For the L4/5 level, however, no significant difference was found in VAS and ODI scores between these two groups at the follow‐ups. According to the modified MacNab criteria, the excellent‐to‐good rate in TESSYS and FEVFD groups was 84.8% and 90.0%, respectively.For LDH with bilateral radiculopathy, using the FEVFD technique could not only reduce the operation time and radiation, but also improve the clinical outcomes at the L5/S1 level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to monitor manual cleaning of high-risk endoscopes is recommended or more so required by the current endoscope reprocessing guidelines. The objective of this study was to establish the optimal extraction volume for colonoscopes and bronchoscopes and demonstrate the extraction efficacy for the ChannelCheck™ rapid test. The test soil utilized as a positive control was ATS2015 containing 20% defibrinated bovine blood. The extraction from the instrument channel of a colonoscope and bronchoscope was evaluated to establish the optimal extraction volume and the extraction efficacy for protein, carbohydrate and haemoglobin. Of the extraction volumes tested, 10 mL was optimal for both colonoscopes and bronchoscopes. The extraction efficacy was 91% for carbohydrate, 83.7% for haemoglobin and 82.4% for protein. The limit of detection for these analytes by the ChannelCheck rapid test meet or exceed the established levels that correlate with adequate manual cleaning of flexible endoscopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postoperative bleeding is the most significant complication of tonsillectomy. Regular monitoring of post‐surgical wound healing in the pharynx is required. For this purpose, we propose endoscope‐based non‐invasive perfusion mapping and quantification. The combination of imaging photoplethysmography and image processing provides automated wound area selection and microcirculation characterization. In this feasibility study, we demonstrate the first results of the proposed approach to wound monitoring in clinical trial on eight patients after tonsillectomy. Combination of probe‐based optical system and image processing algorithms can provide the valuable and consistent data on perfusion distribution. The quantitative microcirculation data obtained 1, 4, and 7 days after surgery are in good agreement with existing monitoring protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic debridement combined with compression suture in the treatment of aseptic olecranon bursitis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 28 patients, including 25 males and 3 females, who underwent endoscopic debridement combined with compression suture for the treatment of aseptic olecranon bursitis at Huzhou Central Hospital from February 2017 to January 2024. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, Mayo elbow function scores, complications, recurrence rates and wound scars were evaluated to assess the treatment efficacy. Results: The average follow-up time was 12 ± 5 months (range: 5–22 months). The VAS score was slightly greater on postoperative day 1 than preoperatively, but this difference was not statistically significant. Compared with the preoperative level, the VAS score was significantly lower at 2 weeks post-surgery, and the patients were generally free of pain. The patients' Mayo elbow function score was significantly improved at 2 weeks after the operation, and their elbow function was generally normal at 1 month after the operation. At the final follow-up, no recurrence or obvious scarring was found in any of the patients, and all of them exhibited normal elbow function without any reported pain. Conclusion: Endoscopic debridement combined with compression suture for the treatment of aseptic olecranon bursitis has several advantages: simple operation, minimal invasiveness, minimal postoperative pain, rapid recovery, a low recurrence rate, and satisfactory overall efficacy. Level of evidence Level IV [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significance: Over more than 300 years, microscopic imaging keeps providing fundamental insights into the mechanisms of living organisms. Seeing microscopic structures beyond the reach of free-space light-based microscopy, however, requires dissection of the tissue--an intervention seriously disturbing its physiological functions. The hunt for low-invasiveness tools has led a growing community of physicists and engineers into the realm of complex media photonics. One of its activities represents exploiting multimode optical fibers (MMFs) as ultra-thin endoscopic probes. Employing wavefront shaping, these tools only recently facilitated the first peeks at cells and their sub-cellular compartments at the bottom of the mouse brain with the impact of micro-scale tissue damage. Aim: Here, we aim to highlight advances in MMF-based holographic endomicroscopy facilitating microscopic imaging throughout the whole depth of the mouse brain. Approach: We summarize the important technical and methodological prerequisites for stabile high-resolution imaging in vivo. Results: We showcase images of the microscopic building blocks of brain tissue, including neurons, neuronal processes, vessels, intracellular calcium signaling, and red blood cell velocity in individual vessels. Conclusions: This perspective article helps to understand the complexity behind the technology of holographic endo-microscopy, summarizes its recent advances and challenges, and stimulates the mind of the reader for further exploitation of this tool in the neuroscience research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long history of treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) includes the development of surgical procedures. However, few studies have demonstrated that surgery improved the functional outcome. The present study used the prospective Registry of Intracerebral hemorrhage treated by endoscopic hematoma evacuation of the outcomes in endoscopic surgery, which is widely followed in Japan, to try to establish clinical evidence. The Registry of Intracerebral hemorrhage treated by endoscopic hematoma evacuation is a multicenter, prospective registry in Japan, and included 143 surgical cases treated by certified neurosurgeons. The etiology and the location of ICH was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses as follows: deep, surface, intraventricular hemorrhage, cerebellum, and surgical outcome. Hematoma location was deep in 44.8% of cases, intraventricular hemorrhage in 19.6%, surface in 21.7%, and cerebellum in 14.0%. Most cases were treated in the ultraearly stage within 8 hours. Mean hematoma evacuation rate was 83.6% and median residual hematoma volume was 3.0 ml. Duration of surgery was median 78 minutes. Rebleeding as a complication was observed in 6.7%, but only 2.9% were symptomatic. 2 cases required reoperation. Favorable outcome at 6 months was achieved in 35.8% of cases, with a mortality rate of 5.6%. Endoscopic surgery for spontaneous ICH is safe and comparable to conventional surgery. The time required for the procedure was significantly reduced, demonstrating the minimally invasive character of the surgical burden. However, this study did not establish whether minimally invasive surgery is superior to conservative treatment. Future randomized controlled trials should clarify the effectiveness of the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a clinical challenge observed among 40–45% of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) cases. IVH can be classified according to the source of the hemorrhage into primary and secondary IVH. Primary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH), unlike secondary IVH, involves only the ventricles with no hemorrhagic parenchymal source. Several risk factors of PIVH were reported which include hypertension, smoking, age, and excessive alcohol consumption. IVH is associated with high mortality and morbidity and several prognostic factors were identified such as IVH volume, number of ventricles with blood, involvement of fourth ventricle, baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score, and hydrocephalus. Prompt management of patients with IVH is required to stabilize the clinical status of patients upon admission. Nevertheless, further advanced management is crucial to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with intraventricular bleeding. Recent treatments showed promising outcomes in the management of IVH patients such as intraventricular anti-inflammatory drugs, lumbar drainage, and endoscopic evacuation of IVH, however, their safety and efficacy are still in question. This literature review presents the epidemiology, physiopathology, risk factors, and outcomes of IVH in adults with an emphasis on recent treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Purpose To investigate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic debridement combined with compression suture in the treatment of aseptic olecranon bursitis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 28 patients, including 25 males and 3 females, who underwent endoscopic debridement combined with compression suture for the treatment of aseptic olecranon bursitis at Huzhou Central Hospital from February 2017 to January 2024. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, Mayo elbow function scores, complications, recurrence rates and wound scars were evaluated to assess the treatment efficacy. Results The average follow-up time was 12 ± 5 months (range: 5–22 months). The VAS score was slightly greater on postoperative day 1 than preoperatively, but this difference was not statistically significant. Compared with the preoperative level, the VAS score was significantly lower at 2 weeks post-surgery, and the patients were generally free of pain. The patients’ Mayo elbow function score was significantly improved at 2 weeks after the operation, and their elbow function was generally normal at 1 month after the operation. At the final follow-up, no recurrence or obvious scarring was found in any of the patients, and all of them exhibited normal elbow function without any reported pain. Conclusion Endoscopic debridement combined with compression suture for the treatment of aseptic olecranon bursitis has several advantages: simple operation, minimal invasiveness, minimal postoperative pain, rapid recovery, a low recurrence rate, and satisfactory overall efficacy. Level of evidence Level IV

Background: The management of lateral ventricle tumors requires a balance between maximizing safe resection and preserving neurological function. Method: The authors present a successful case of a left lateral ventricular central neurocytoma resection. The trans-superior frontal sulcus approach was employed, providing a safe corridor while minimizing damage to the surrounding neuroanatomy. The use of an endoscope further facilitated the procedure, enabling the confirmation of complete tumor removal and the preservation of deep venous drainage and periventricular structures. Conclusion: This case highlights the utility of the trans-sulcal approach and the benefits of endoscopic assistance in the management of lateral ventricle tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Forehead augmentation have become popular aesthetic procedures among Asians in recent years. However, the use of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) patient-specific implant (PSI) in the facial contouring surgery for aesthetic considerations is not well documented in the existing studies. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel method for forehead augmentation and assess the clinical outcomes and complications in patients who underwent forehead augmentation with PEEK PSI assisted by endoscopy. Methods: The PEEK PSIs were fabricated using the virtual surgical planning (VSP) and the computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) for each patient, preoperatively. The implant pockets were dissected in the subperiosteal plane, and PEEK PSIs were placed in their designed position and fixed assisting by endoscopy via small incision within the hairline. All patients were asked to complete the FACE-Q questionnaire before and 6 months after the operation. Pre- and postoperative demographics, photographs, and other clinical data of patients were collected and analyzed. Results: 11 patients underwent forehead augmentation were enrolled in this study. All procedures were completed successfully with the help of endoscope. The average patient age was 30.63 ± 2.54 years. The mean thickness and size of PEEK PSI were 4.44 ± 1.77 mm and 38.43 ± 22.66 cm2, respectively. The mean operative time was 83.00 ± 29.44 min, and the mean postoperative follow-up period was 11.00 ± 6.50 months. No implant exposure, extrusion or removal were reported. The FACE-Q scores of patients in satisfaction with the forehead increased from 47.64 ± 7.15 to 78.81 ± 6.35. Conclusions: PEEK PSIs can be prefabricated to achieve accurate remodeling of the frontal contour with good esthetic outcomes. The endoscope provides direct and magnified vision, which allow easy access to the supraorbital rim and lateral edge of the eyebrow arch and confirming the position of the implants without damaging nerves and vessels. Endoscopic-assisted forehead augmentation with PEEK PSI is safe and effective. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We have innovatively developed a modified bikini direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty (THA), endoscopy assisted minimal invasive direct anterior approach (Endo-DAA). The study compared aesthetic appearance of the scar, postoperative radiographic and functional outcomes, and complications of Endo-DAA with Bikini-DAA. Methods: Patients who underwent primary THA using Endo-DAA or Bikini-DAA were included. The main innovation of Endo-DAA is the use of minimally invasive 5–7 cm proximal transverse incision and distal puncture with an endoscopy assisted split-type tool to complete the acetabular preparation and prosthesis implantation. Outcomes evaluated included evaluation of scar satisfaction, hip reconstruction including inclination, anteversion and leg-length discrepancy (LLD) and patient-reported outcomes including Harris Hip Scores (HHS) and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS). Follow-up time points included preoperative, 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months. Results: Finally, 195 hips in Endo-DAA and 207 hips in Bikini DAA completed the follow-up. The Endo-DAA group was superior to the Bikini-DAA group in the cosmetic aspects of scars. the cup anteversion angle of Endo-DAA group was significantly better than that in the Bikini-DAA group. The early HHS and FJS of the Endo-DAA group were superior to those of the Bikini-group. Operation time, blood loss, incision length, length of stay and duration to start no-assistive-device walking were also significantly better in the Endo-DAA group. Furthermore, the Bikini-DAA group had a higher incidence of complication. Conclusion: Compared with Bikini-incision, Endo-DAA improves patients' subjective satisfaction with scar aesthetics, accelerates rapid recovery of postoperative function, and reduces postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endoscopes are crucial for assisting in surgery and disease diagnosis, including the early detection of cancer. The effective use of endoscopes relies on their optical performance, which can be characterized with a series of metrics such as resolution, vital for revealing anatomical details. The modulation transfer function (MTF) is a key metric for evaluating endoscope resolution. However, the 2020 version of the ISO 8600-5 standard, while introducing an endoscope MTF measurement method, lacks empirical validation and excludes opto-electronic video endoscopes, the largest family of endoscopes. Measuring the MTF of video endoscopes requires tailored standards that address their unique characteristics. This paper aims to expand the scope of ISO 8600-5:2020 to include video endoscopes, by optimizing the MTF test method and addressing parameters affecting measurement accuracy. We studied the effects of intensity and uniformity of image luminance, chart modulation compensation, linearity of image digital values, auto gain control, image enhancement, image compression and the region of interest dimensions on images of slanted-edge test charts, and thus the MTF based on these images. By analyzing these effects, we provided recommendations for setting and controlling these factors to obtain accurate MTF curves. Our goal is to enhance the standard's relevance and effectiveness for measuring the MTF of a broader range of endoscopic devices, with potential applications in the MTF measurement of other digital imaging devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Proper traction allows safer and easier endoscopic submucosal dissection; however, single-point traction may not be sufficient. In this study we assessed the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of our newly developed multipoint traction device. Methods: During an ex vivo study using a Konjac training model, two experts and two trainees resected 80 mock lesions of 20-mm diameter by performing endoscopic submucosal dissection with and without multipoint traction. The primary outcome was the success rate of the procedure involving traction. The secondary outcomes were the submucosal dissection time, dissection speed, and perforation during endoscopic submucosal dissection. During the in vivo study, to clarify the initial clinical outcomes, we used data from the electronic medical record of patients at our institution who underwent gastric and colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection, which was performed by experts with our newly developed multipoint traction device, from March to December 2022. Results: The ex vivo study indicated that all traction procedures were successful. Higher resection speeds were observed with endoscopic submucosal dissection with traction than without traction (P < 0.001). Perforations were not observed. During the first in vivo clinical study, traction was feasible during 20 gastric and colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection procedures. No adverse events occurred. Conclusions: Our multitraction device can increase the submucosal dissection speed and simplify endoscopic submucosal dissection techniques, thus safely reducing technical challenges. The application of this device for endoscopic submucosal dissection could lead to safer and more efficient procedures. Clinical registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, Japan (registration number UMIN000053384). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofilm contributes significantly to bacterial persistence in endoscope channels. Enhanced cleaning methods capable of removing biofilm from all endoscope channels are required to decrease infection risk to patients. This head-to-head study compared cyclic build-up biofilm removal of an automated endoscope channel cleaner (AECC) with standard manual cleaning according to instructions for use (IFU) in polytetrafluorethylene channels. Cyclic build-up biofilm was grown in 1.4-mm (representing air/water and auxiliary channels) and 3.7-mm (representing suction/ biopsy channels) inner diameter polytetrafluorethylene channels. All channels were tested for residual total organic carbon, protein, and viable bacteria. Internationally recognized ISO 15883-5:2021 alert levels were used as cleaning benchmarks for protein (3 μg/cm2) and total organic carbon (6 μg/cm2). The automated cleaner significantly outperformed manual cleaning for all markers assessed (protein, total organic carbon, viable bacteria) in 1.4-mm and 3.7-mm channels representing air/water/auxiliary and suction/biopsy channels, respectively. Manual cleaning failed to remove biofilm from the air/water and auxiliary channels. According to the IFU, these channels are not brushed, suggesting a potential root cause for a portion of the numerous endoscopy-associated infections reported in the literature. AECC shows potential to deliver enhanced cleaning over current practice to all endoscope channels and may thereby address infection risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transoral videolaryngoscopic surgery (TOVS) is widely used in Japan, and conventional two‐dimensional (2D) endoscopic methods have been established. Three‐dimensional (3D) endoscopic surgery offers superior distance perception because it provides stereoscopic views. Recently, we have developed 3D endoscopy for TOVS (3D TOVS). Methods: This study included 46 patients with pharyngeal cancer who underwent 3D TOVS. The perioperative complications and survival curves were retrospectively analyzed. Results: One patient with oropharyngeal cancer who underwent neck dissection and transoral resection simultaneously experienced postoperative hemorrhage of the neck. Another patient with oropharyngeal cancer underwent hemostasis for postoperative pharyngeal hemorrhage. There was one case of aspiration pneumonia. One patient developed cervical lymph node recurrence; however, there was no local recurrence or primary mortality. The 2‐year overall survival, disease‐specific survival, local control rates, locoregional control rate, and invasive disease‐free survival were 90.9%, 100%, 100%, 97.4%, and 79.9%, respectively. Conclusions: Three‐dimensional endoscopy can be safely applied to TOVS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For a minimally invasive treatment approach to the anteromedial part of the anterior cranial fossa (ACF), a small incision and craniotomy of the posterolateral part of the ACF are preferable. Method: We described the concept and technique of suprapterional keyhole approach (SPKA), which uses an exoscope and endoscope to treat ACF lesions. Conclusion: The SPKA enables ACF observation from the lateral direction; the endoscope's extended viewing angles enable the observation of the anteromedial part of the ACF, including the bilateral olfactory groove. Facial skin and large scalp incisions are avoided, making this approach efficient for ACF lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the current situation of olfactory dysfunction in patients after endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumors, and analyze its influencing factors, to provide references for clinical nursing and rehabilitation. Methods: A cross-sectional study design and convenience sampling method were used to investigate 158 patients with pituitary tumors treated by endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection in the Department of Neurosurgery of three Grade-A general hospitals in Sichuan Province from January 2022 and June 2023. The olfactory function of patients was evaluated 1 week after surgery, and the general clinical data and olfactory related data of patients were collected, and the influencing factors of olfactory disorder were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: The incidence of olfactory dysfunction was 73.42%. analysis revealed that the formation of blood scabs, nasal cavity adhesion, cerebrospinal fluid leakage and operation time were independent risk factors for olfactory dysfunction in patients after transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory dysfunction is high in patients after endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumors, suggesting that medical staff should pay close attention to and identify patients with olfactory dysfunction based on the guidance of disease knowledge and skills, develop targeted nursing interventions, and promote the improvement of patients' olfactory function and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To report a single-centre experience in the endoscopic carbon dioxide laser-assisted approach to glomus tympanicum tumours. Methods: A retrospective case review was conducted of patients diagnosed with class A1 to B1 glomus tympanicum tumours who underwent exclusive transcanal endoscopic carbon dioxide laser surgery. Results: Seven patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All patients (100 per cent) were women, with a mean age of 65.4 years (standard deviation, 13.6). There were five A2 tumours, one A1 tumour and one B1 tumour. One patient presented with a delayed tympanic membrane perforation needing myringoplasty on follow up. There were no substantial post-operative complications. The mean hospitalisation time was 9.5 hours (standard deviation, 9.8). The mean follow-up period was 32.7 months (standard deviation, 13.1), with all cases having resolution of pulsatile tinnitus and no tumour recurrence. Conclusion: The study provides further evidence on the safety and efficacy of endoscopic carbon dioxide laser surgery as a minimally invasive technique for treating early-stage glomus tympanicum tumours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Indocyanine green (ICG) video angiography (VA) has been widely used in various medical indications, including neurosurgery. The technique enables real -time assessment of vascular structures during surgery. ICG VA is particularly useful in neurosurgery due to its ability to provide high-quality imaging of vascular structures. The aim of the study was to evaluate the practicality, feasibility, and importance of combining ICG VA with endoscopic inspection tool (QEVO) in improving the outcomes of aneurysm clipping surgery. Materials and methods: the study population comprised individuals admitted to the Clinic of Neurosurgery of the Clinical Center University of Sarajevo (CCUS), who underwent microsurgical clipping of the aneurysm. All patients included in the study were surgically treated with the occlusion of brain aneurysm. After the aneurysm was occluded with the clip video-assisted angiography using ICG contrast and endoscopically-assisted inspection of the occluded aneurysm and surrounding blood vessels, QEVO was used for the best clip positioning. Results: this preliminary study included a total of seven patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria; five of them (71%) were female. After clipping of the anurysm control microscopic inspection revealed that in five patients (71%) the clip was well placed without the anurysm remains while the remains were detected in two patients. ICG video angiography showed that microscopic remains of the aneurysm were detected in one patient, with no angiographic signs of the aneurysm remains. In one patient where the microscopic clip appeared to be well placed, after ICG video angiography, the remains of the aneurysm were detected and the perforator arteries were occluded. Conclusion: the study aimed to evaluate the practicality, feasibility, and importance of combining ICG VA and QEVO in improving the outcomes of aneurysm clipping surgery. The results suggest that this combination can improve visualization of arteries and enhance the outcomes of aneurysm clipping surgery. The study highlights the importance of using both ICG VA and endoscope during microsurgical clipping of aneurysms to achieve better outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to observe the safety and effectiveness of 10-mm endoscopic minimally invasive interlaminar decompression in the treatment of ossified lumbar spinal stenosis. The clinical data of 50 consecutive patients with ossified lumbar spinal stenosis were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent minimally invasive interlaminar decompression with 10-mm endoscope. Patient demographics, perioperative data, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Visual analog scale scores, Oswestry disability index scores, and modified Macnab criteria were used to assess clinical outcomes. The lateral recess angle, real spinal canal area, and effective intervertebral foramen area were used to assess the effect of decompression. The mean age of all patients was 59.0 ± 12.3 years. The mean operative time and intraoperative blood loss were 43.7 ± 8.7 minutes and <20 ml, respectively. Two years after surgery, the leg pain Visual analog scale score decreased from 7.4 ± 1.0 to 1.6 ± 0.6 (P < 0.05) and the Oswestry disability index score decreased from 63.8 ± 7.6 to 21.7 ± 3.4 (P < 0.05). The lateral recess angle, real spinal canal area and effective intervertebral foramen area were significantly larger than before surgery (P < 0.05). The overall excellent and good rate at the last follow-up was 92.0% according to the modified Macnab criteria. The 10-mm endoscopic minimally invasive interlaminar decompression can safely and effectively remove the ossification in the spinal canal and achieve adequate decompression in patients with ossified lumbar spinal stenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the clinical effectiveness of neuroendoscopy and microscopy in the treatment of hypophysectomy. Methods The clinical data of 150 patients with pituitary adenoma treated in the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2019 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the surgical methods, they were divided into the microscope group (n = 100) and the neuroendoscopy group (n = 50). The clinical efficacy of the two surgical methods on pituitary adenoma was compared. Results In the two groups of surgical patients, there was no significant difference between the total incision rate of Knosp grade 0-II in the neuroendoscopy group (97.6%) and the microscopy group (95.1%), the total incision rate of Knosp grade III-IV in the neuroendoscopy group (66.7%) was significantly higher than that of the microscopy group (10.5%), The postoperative hospital stay and the rate of improvement of primary symptoms were better in the neuroendoscopic group than in the microscopic group, and the difference was highly significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in rates of CSF leak, hemorrhage, hormonal changes, or complications between these two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Both surgical methods have good therapeutic effects on patients with pituitary adenomas. For Knosp grade III to IV pituitary adenomas, the total resection rate is higher with neuroendoscopy than with microscopy. The clinical decision to use either technique depends on the type of tumor and the patient's general condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contamination rates reported in the literature for patient-ready flexible endoscopes vary from 0.4% to 49%. Unfortunately, the comparison and interpretation of these results is almost impossible since several factors including sampling and culturing methods, target levels for contamination, or definition of indicator micro-organisms vary widely from one study to the other. To compare the efficacy of six duodenoscope sampling and culturing methods by means of extraction efficacy comparison, while at the same time identifying key parameters that provide optimal microbial recovery. The duodenoscope sample extraction efficacy of each method was assessed using the repetitive recovery method described in ISO 11737–1: 2018. Mean overall bioburden extraction efficacy varied from 1% for the Australian method to 39% for the French one. The lowest endoscope sample extraction efficacy was associated with the absence of any neutralizer, friction, or tensioactive agent, and when only a small portion of the sampling solution collected was inoculated on to culture media. The efficacy of the sampling and culturing methods also varied according to the nature of micro-organisms present in the endoscope, and the time between sampling and culturing. This study supports the need for a harmonized and standardized sampling and culturing method for flexible endoscopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Rhinosinusitis is one of the most common reasons for a visit to otolaryngology clinics. Some patients are candidates for sinus surgery. Infiltration of 1:100 000 adrenaline in the pterygopalatine fossa was studied, with the aim of evaluating the effect on bleeding in the surgical field. Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 2021–2022 on 40 candidates for endoscopic sinus surgery. For each patient, one side of the pterygopalatine fossa was randomly selected to be infiltrated with a vasoconstrictor. Surgical field bleeding on each side was evaluated. Results: Blood loss was 35.8 ± 20.9 ml in the study group and 38.4 ± 23.7 ml for the control group, with no statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.49). In addition, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of the surgical field based on Boezaart scores. Conclusion: Although there are some recommendations on the usage of vasoconstrictors via the pterygopalatine foramen, debate remains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endoscopic defogging algorithm has a wide range of applications in the medical field, providing clear and real-time images for clinical doctors. Although significant progress has been made in defogging technology, the complexity of defogging algorithms is relatively high, making hardware implementation difficult in complex situations such as endoscopes. In order to achieve real-time defogging of endoscopes on hardware, this paper improved the dark channel prior algorithm to reduce hardware resource consumption and time complexity. The improved algorithm selected suitable atmospheric light intensity estimation values, transmittance compensation values for hardware, and used a pipeline structure to achieve the processing of foggy images. The hardware circuit of the algorithm was implemented using Xilinx's ZYNQ7020, with a real-time processing resolution of 640×480 video images, with a speed of up to 260 fps, consume only 1.28 K LUT, and consume 619 registers. The experimental results show that compared to traditional algorithms, the improved algorithm has the characteristics of fast processing speed, low power consumption, and strong portability, meeting the requirements of real-time video processing for endoscopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visibility is decreased when fog accumulates on the clear surface of optical devices. It is quite desirable to design the surface with antifogging properties. The current study used a dip coating process to prepare copper-incorporated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrophilic coating on the hydroxylated glass substrate. The formation of the PVA-Cu complex by the hydroxyl group was determined by FTIR and XPS methods. The surface morphology, adhesion test, wettability behavior, and cytotoxicity were investigated by SEM, cross-cut tape, contact angle measurement, and MTT experiment. By varying the CuCl2 concentration (0.0125–0.0625 M), the durability and adhesion of the coating were improved, as evidenced by its minimal mass loss and water uptake. The optimum coating condition showed a thickness of about 24.0 ± 0.7 μm and a good optical transmittance of over 90 %. Below 0.0375 M, the coating stability and water resistance could not be achieved due to the weak complexation of Cu with the PVA coating. In contrast, the PVA-Cu3 coating (0.0375 M, Cu2+ ions) was identified as an optimized condition for improved antifogging performance due to the effective complexation of Cu with the PVA matrix while maintaining the hydrophilicity and wettability behavior. Furthermore, no cytotoxicity was observed by L929 cell lines in response to the prepared coating. The current study results revealed that the adhesive, hydrophilic PVA-Cux coating with a contact angle of less than 62° might demonstrate strong antifogging properties and find its usage for endoscopic applications.

IntroductionThe surgery of clival chordoma remains one of the most formidable challenges for neurosurgeons because of its location at great depth in the cranium and proximity to critical neurovascular structures. Here, we describe the technique and feasibility of the purely endoscopic far-lateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach (EF-SCITA) for resection of an intradural clival chordoma.Case descriptionA 68-year-old women presented with sudden ptosis on the left side for two weeks. Imaging examinations revealed an upper-middle clival lesion that transgressed dural confines towards the posterior fossa, which was separated from the sphenoid cavity by an intact thin layer of membrane structure in front. For surgery, the EF-SCITA approach via suboccipital craniotomy was attempted for protecting surrounding neurovascular tissue and the membrane barrier under direct vision. The patients were placed in a “head-up” lateral park-bench position. With the endoscopic holder, endoscopic procedures were performed using standard two-hand microsurgical techniques by one surgeon. Tentorium incision allowed a working corridor toward the clival bulge through the crural cistern, without brain traction seen in traditional retrosigmoid approach. Efficient tumor debulking facilitated the exposure of surrounding critical structures, including ipsilateral CN III and superior cerebellar artery above, the brainstem and basilar artery posteriorly, as well as ipsilateral CN VI displaced laterally, and subsequent tumor separation from them. Step-wise tumor resection was performed within dural and bone confines. After significant tumor removal, the pituitary stalk could be visualized anteriorly, together with contralateral internal carotid artery and CN III. Postoperative MRI depicted gross total excision of the lesion. The patient on follow-up at one year had complete recovery of cranial nerve functions, without signs of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.DiscussionThis technique combines advantages of the posterolateral approach and endoscopy, allowing access to the upper-middle clivus with seemingly low risks of postoperative morbidity. It would be a safe and effective alternative for resection of this rare entity.

Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV), previously known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura, is the most common form of systemic vasculitis in childhood. The primary organs involved are the skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, joints, and kidneys. The spectrum of GI involvement in IgAV ranges from being mild and self-limited to severe manifestations often requiring surgical intervention. Galactose-deficient IgA1 on the immunoglobulin hinge region and its immune complexes are thought to play a central pathogenetic role in IgAV, however, an association between such molecules and specific GI mucosal damage remains unclear. GI endoscopy (both upper and lower) shows a variety of mucosal findings, many of which are not specific for IgAV. In upper GI endoscopy, however, the mucosal features can be diagnostic when found localized in the more distal part of upper GI tract (second and/or third parts of the duodenum). Abdominal computed tomography and capsule endoscopy have demonstrated that the small intestine is most commonly involved in IgAV. The GI mucosal involvement when evaluated microscopically shows IgA deposition which is histologically diagnostic. Conversely, leukocytoclastic vasculitis is less useful. Since the 1960s, cases of duodenojejunitis, in which IgAV was suspected but evident purpura was not dermatologically present, have often been labeled as “idiopathic”. In a pediatric case series, IgA enteropathy, without dermatological manifestations (i.e., purpura), was reported to have similar symptoms, as well as endoscopic characteristics and immunohistological findings as in IgAV. Subsequently, several case reports provide additional supportive evidence that IgA enteropathy must be a variant of IgAV. Thus, the immunologically driven auto-immune vasculitis results in the symptom complex dependent on the organ system involved, and the subsequent clinical features which are manifested. Present classification criteria are useful and universally available for diagnosing IgAV. However, based upon current knowledge including IgA enteropathy, minor modification of the IgAV criteria is proposed in the review.

Abstract Purpose To assess the impact of endoscope-assisted fractured roots or fragments extraction within the mandibular canal, along with quantitative sensory testing (QST) alterations in the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Methods Six patients with lower lip numbness following mandibular third molar extraction were selected. All patients had broken roots or fragments within the mandibular canal that were extracted under real-time endoscopic assistance. Follow-up assessments were conducted on postoperative days 1, 7, and 35, including a standardized QST of the lower lip skin. Results The average surgical duration was 32.5 min, with the IAN exposed in all cases. Two of the patient exhibited complete recovery of lower lip numbness, three experienced symptom improvement, and one patient remained unaffected 35 days after the surgery. Preoperative QST results showed that the mechanical detection and pain thresholds on the affected side were significantly higher than those on the healthy side, but improved significantly by postoperative day 7 in five patients, and returned to baseline in two patients on day 35. There were no significant differences in the remaining QST parameters. Conclusions All endoscopic surgical procedures were successfully completed without any additional postoperative complications. There were no cases of deterioration of IAN injury, and lower lip numbness recovered in the majority of cases. Endoscopy allowed direct visualization and examination of the affected nerve, facilitating a comprehensive analysis of the IAN.

Optical endoscopy has become an essential diagnostic and therapeutic approach in modern biomedicine for directly observing organs and tissues deep inside the human body, enabling non-invasive, rapid diagnosis and treatment. Optical fiber endoscopy is highly competitive among various endoscopic imaging techniques due to its high flexibility, compact structure, excellent resolution, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. Over the past decade, endoscopes based on a single multimode optical fiber (MMF) have attracted widespread research interest due to their potential to significantly reduce the footprint of optical fiber endoscopes and enhance imaging capabilities. In comparison with other imaging principles of MMF endoscopes, the scanning imaging method based on the wavefront shaping technique is highly developed and provides benefits including excellent imaging contrast, broad applicability to complex imaging scenarios, and good compatibility with various well-established scanning imaging modalities. In this review, various technical routes to achieve light focusing through MMF and procedures to conduct the scanning imaging of MMF endoscopes are introduced. The advancements in imaging performance enhancements, integrations of various imaging modalities with MMF scanning endoscopes, and applications are summarized. Challenges specific to this endoscopic imaging technology are analyzed, and potential remedies and avenues for future developments are discussed.

Simple Summary: Rabbit endotracheal intubation is often challenging for anesthetists. Employing an endoscope guided by adjusting the angle of head extension can significantly aid anesthetists in accurately locating and executing rabbit endotracheal intubation, reducing the risk of breathing difficulties during the process. This study explores how specific head extension angles impact endotracheal intubation success rates and time taken. The findings recommend utilizing angles of 110 and 120 degrees for optimal rabbit head extension during endotracheal intubation to enhance success rates and efficiency. Endotracheal intubation in rabbits is always challenging due to the unique anatomical conformation. To improve endotracheal intubation success, this study determined the relationship between head placement angles guided by endoscope-assisted visualization techniques and the endotracheal intubation success rate. Thirty-two rabbit cadavers were used in the study. Six veterinary practitioners who had no experience with rabbit endotracheal intubation were randomly assigned to intubate rabbit cadavers using the guidance of either a rigid endoscope (RE) or flexible endoscope (FE), with the head placement angles with an ascending neck at 90, 100, 110, 120 and 130 degrees. The endotracheal intubation completed in 90 s was determined to be a success. The success rates using RE and FE were 97.2% and 95.9%, respectively. The means and standard error of means (SEM) of endotracheal intubation times guided by RE and FE were 53.7 ± 4.68 and 55.2 ± 4.24 s, respectively. Results from survival time analysis show that the five veterinarians successfully intubated the rabbit within 90 s, regardless of the different types of endoscopes. Angle was the only significant factor that affected the endotracheal intubation success. The head placement angle at 110 and 120 degrees had the highest success rate of endotracheal intubation compared to 90 degrees (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, for inexperienced veterinarians, the success of endotracheal intubation in rabbits, guided by endoscope-assisted visualized techniques regardless of rigid endoscope or flexible endoscope guidance, is improved when the head extension is 110 and 120 degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To analyze and compare the available data about the outcomes of endoscopic and microscopic type I tympanoplasty. Data sources: PubMed, Cochrane library Ovid, Scopus, Google scholar, and ClinicalTrials. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We included comparative studies describing type I tympanoplasty, and comparing surgical outcomes of the endoscope with the microscope in terms of efficacy and safety. Results: Our systematic search yielded 22 studies meeting the inclusion criteria and eligible for analysis. The pooled graft uptake rates and audiological results of endoscopic and microscopic tympanoplasty demonstrated non-significant differences. In contrast, endoscopic type I tympanoplasty outperforms microscopic tympanoplasty regarding a highly significant decrease not only in pooled mean operative time but also in the pooled complications rate. Conclusions: Based on our meta-analysis, the surgical outcomes of endoscope-assisted and microscope-assisted type I tympanoplasty in terms of postoperative hearing outcomes and the graft uptake rate were comparable. On the contrary, operative time and complications rate proved to be significantly reduced with endoscopy compared to microscopy. Hence, the endoscope is as efficient as the microscope in type I tympanoplasty but less invasive, fewer in complications and shorter in operative time. Key Points: Can the endoscope be a good alternative to the microscope in type I tympanoplasty? Using the microscope in tympanoplasty has been the conventional procedure for repairing perforated tympanic membranes since the 1950s. However, ear surgeons have increasingly practised endoscope-assisted tympanoplasty since the late 1990s. In this study, surgical outcomes of both techniques in terms of postoperative audiological results and the graft uptake rate were comparable. In contrast, the endoscopic technique was superior to the microscopic one in terms of operative time and complications rate. According to our study, the endoscope-Assisted type I tympanoplasty proved to be as effective as the microscopic technique but safer and less invasive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteochondromas of the mandibular condyle show facial asymmetry and malocclusion. Because condylar osteochondromas are generally resected in a preauricular approach with risks of facial nerve injury and visible scar, the authors report endoscopically assisted intraoral resection of osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle with a piezoelectric surgical device.Case presentation: A 38-year-old woman presented with malocclusion and facial asymmetry caused by deviation of the chin to the left. Computed tomography showed a hyperdense, well-circumscribed mass arising from the medial aspect of the right mandibular condyle with resorption of the skull base. The patient underwent an endoscopically-assisted intraoral condylectomy with a piezoelectric surgical device. The postoperative course was uneventful without trismus, malocclusion, or facial asymmetry, and there was no recurrence 4 years after surgery.Conclusion:Endoscopically assisted intraoral resection of osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle with a piezoelectric surgical device is a minimally invasive and safe surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the outcomes and complications of endoscopic versus microscopic stapes surgery in patients with otosclerosis. Study Design: Randomized, single‐blinded clinical trial. Methods: Patients with otosclerosis who underwent either trans‐canal microscopic or endoscopic stapedotomy at a tertiary care hospital were compared. Thirty‐two patients were randomly divided into two groups using blocked randomization. Group A consisted of 16 patients who underwent trans‐canal microscopic stapedotomy, and group B consisted of 16 patients who underwent trans‐canal endoscopic stapedotomy. Postoperative vertigo, ear pain, and complications such as tympanic membrane perforation or chorda tympani nerve injury were evaluated. Three months postoperatively, patients were assessed for dysgeusia and hearing improvement. Results: The mean pre‐operative air‐bone gap (ABG) in the microscopic and endoscopic groups was 32.81 ± 6.82 and 30.00 ± 7.96, respectively. The mean improvement in the ABG was 25.45 ± 11.21 dB in the microscopic group and 23.21 ± 10.68 dB in the endoscopic group. Although both techniques showed improvement in auditory outcomes (p‐value <0.001), there were no statistical differences between the endoscopic and microscopic groups in the pre‐operative, post‐operative, and mean improvement of ABG (p‐value >0.05). There were no significant differences between the two methods in chorda tympanic nerve injury, vertigo scores, and the mean operating time (p‐value >0.05), but the mean pain score was higher in the microscopic group (2.56 ± 1.55 in the microscopic group versus 1.31 ± 0.70 in the endoscopic group) (p‐value = 0.003). Conclusions: Endoscopic stapes surgery can be a preferable alternative to conventional microscopic stapedotomy, as it yields similar hearing outcomes and lower pain scores. Level of Evidence: 2 Laryngoscope, 134:2395–2400, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice compliance of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis on enhanced recovery after endoscopic sinus surgery (ERAS), and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods A total of 147 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery in the otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery ward of a tertiary general hospital in Chongqing from February 2023 to June 2023 were selected as the research objects. A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the general situation of patients and the knowledge, attitude and practice of perioperative ERAS nursing. Results A total of 156 questionnaires were collected, of which 147 were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 94.23%. Among 147 patients, the nursing knowledge score rate of nasal endoscopic surgery accelerated rehabilitation surgery was 46. 36%, attitude 75.60%, behavior 71.25%, and the overall score rate of knowledge, faith and practice was 62.11%, which was in the lower middle level. The results of multi-factor analysis showed that the disease course and previous nasal surgery history were the main influencing factors for the nursing knowledge level of patients with chronic rhino-sinusitis undergoing ERAS, gender and disease course were the main influencing factors for the nursing attitude of patients with endoscopic ERAS, and gender was the main influencing factors for the nursing compliance of patients with endoscopic ERAS. Conclusion Patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for chronic rhino-sinusitis have poor cognition and behavioral compliance with the nursing concept of ERAS. Clinical publicity and education of patients should be strengthened to improve the surgical effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A patient with a rare disease[gastric glomus tumor(GGT)] admitted to the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College in April 2023 was analyzed. The patient was clinically diagnosed as gastric stromal tumor before operation and was diagnosed as GGT by immunohistochemistry after operation. The patient was cured after single-port laparoscopy combined with endoscopy. It is difficult to diagnose the disease before operation, and it is easy to be misdiagnosed as GGT. Surgical resection of the tumor is the only treatment. This article discussed the clinical manifestations, imaging and pathological features, clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of gastric glomus tumor, and reviews the relevant literature at home and abroad in order to provide reference information for future clinical work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the impact of endoscope-assisted fractured roots or fragments extraction within the mandibular canal, along with quantitative sensory testing (QST) alterations in the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Methods: Six patients with lower lip numbness following mandibular third molar extraction were selected. All patients had broken roots or fragments within the mandibular canal that were extracted under real-time endoscopic assistance. Follow-up assessments were conducted on postoperative days 1, 7, and 35, including a standardized QST of the lower lip skin. Results: The average surgical duration was 32.5 min, with the IAN exposed in all cases. Two of the patient exhibited complete recovery of lower lip numbness, three experienced symptom improvement, and one patient remained unaffected 35 days after the surgery. Preoperative QST results showed that the mechanical detection and pain thresholds on the affected side were significantly higher than those on the healthy side, but improved significantly by postoperative day 7 in five patients, and returned to baseline in two patients on day 35. There were no significant differences in the remaining QST parameters. Conclusions: All endoscopic surgical procedures were successfully completed without any additional postoperative complications. There were no cases of deterioration of IAN injury, and lower lip numbness recovered in the majority of cases. Endoscopy allowed direct visualization and examination of the affected nerve, facilitating a comprehensive analysis of the IAN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the treatment of endoscopic endonasal pituitary transposition trans-tuber-cinereum approach (EEPTTCA) for resection of the third ventricle craniopharyngioma. Methods The clinical data of a patient underwent third ventricle craniopharyngioma resection by EEPTTCA at the Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University in July 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. The relevant literature were also reviewed. Results EEPTTCA could expose tuber cinereum clearly and trans-tuber-cinereum approach could totally resect the tumor originated from the third ventricle. There were no postoperative complication. No tumor recurrence was observed during six-month follow-up. Conclusions EEPTTCA is an alternative route for this special type of craniopharyngioma. This approach can effectively expose the anterior lesions of the third ventricles from bottom to top, avoiding traction damage to the optic chiasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) presents a challenging learning curve, and the correlation between surgeon experience and clinical outcomes remains contentious. This retrospective study aimed to compare the outcomes of PELD performed by a single surgeon at beginner and experienced stages. Propensity score matching selected 150 patients (75 per group) with a minimum 3-year follow-up. Clinical and radiological outcomes, perioperative complications, and adverse events were assessed. Baseline characteristics, pain improvement, patient satisfaction, and radiological outcomes did not differ between the groups. However, operation time was longer in the beginner group than in the experienced group (57.5 min [IQR, 50.0–70.0] versus 50.0 min [IQR, 45.0–55.0], p < 0.001). The beginner group had higher perioperative complication rates (eight patients [10.7%] versus one patient [1.3%], with a hazard ratio of 8.836 [95% CI, 1.077–72.514], p = 0.034) and lower 3-year survival without adverse events (19 patients [25.3%] in the beginner group and 10 patients [13.3%] in the experienced group, p = 0.045). Our findings indicate that the clinical outcomes were more favorable in patients operated on at the experienced stage compared to those treated at the beginner stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]