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Phytophthora citrophthoraexerts detrimental effects on strawberry growth and physiology. In the presence of P. citrophthora, strawberry plants may face mineral deficiency during their growth. This study aimed to investigate the impact of P. citrophthoraon ‘Albion’ strawberry plants under conditions of calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) deficiency. Plants of ‘Albion’ strawberry cultivar (2 months old) were used as an experimental material. After 2 months of growth in a nutrient solution, these plants were subjected to 2 months of deficiency in Ca, Fe, or Zn. Following this period, P. citrophthorainfection was introduced to the strawberries over a 3-week time frame. The findings of this research indicated that the most severe disease symptoms were observed under Fe deficiency conditions. Furthermore, when P. citrophthorainfection coincided with Fe deficiency, there was a notable decrease in leaf-relative water content, accompanied by slight wilting symptoms. Overall, P. citrophthorainfection led to an increase in the concentrations of chlorophyll precursors, including Proto IX, Mg-Proto IX, and Pchlide. Both nutrient deficiency conditions and P. citrophthorainfection contributed to a decrease in cortical cell expansion. In addition, under nutrient deficiencies, the diameter of xylem conduits generally increased in both infected and non-infected plants, except in cases of P. citrophthorainfection combined with Fe deficiency. Notably, the severity of P. citrophthorawilt was found to be higher under Fe deficiency conditions.

Fusarium wilt of chickpea causes significant losses in chickpea production worldwide due to its severely damaging characteristic. On the other hand, it can be controlled by growing resistant varieties, using fungicides, or by on-site applications. It is very important to detect the disease in the early stages before the disease is fully transmitted to the product in order to avoid the disruption of the production of chickpeas. This study investigated the applicability of pre-trained models based on deep learning, which could help determine the type of infection at an early stage of the Fusarium wilt of chickpea, with a proposed new dataset. The results of the study showed that pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network models could be used for classifying the disease. Models can classify the images of chickpea leaves used as inputs as "Highly Resistant, Resistant, Moderately Resistant/ Tolerant, Susceptible, and Highly Susceptible", according to the severity of the disease. Convolutional Neural Networks are among the state-of-the-art deep learning approaches and one of the approaches that are inspired by the human brain and can automatically learn the distinguishing features from the dataset. Therefore, they can perform close to expert performance in different tasks and applications. The study used a novel dataset containing images of chickpea plants infected by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. ciceristo train, validate, and test the pre-trained deep-learning models. According to the results of the study, DenseNet-201, with an average test accuracy of 90%, outperformed the other models. Furthermore, the confusion matrix of DenseNet-201 shows that the other metrics (precision, recall, and F1-Score) were consistent with the average test accuracy. The obtained accuracy value and other performance indicators indicate that pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network models can help determine the severity of Fusarium wilt in chickpea.

Adsorption of thorium onto nitric acid modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes was investigated by central composite design as a function of contact time, pH, initial thorium concentration and temperature. The results showed that optimum uptake capacity was 65.75±2.23 mg·g−1with respect to pH=4, initial thorium concentration of 100 mg·L−1, 25 °C and 15 min contact time. Thermodynamic parameters [standard enthalpy (ΔH0), entropy (ΔS0), and free energy (ΔG0)] were calculated, and the results indicated that adsorption was endothermic. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms have been investigated in order to characterize the adsorption process in the range of 25–100 mg·L−1initial thorium concentration. The Freundlich isotherm is the best suited as a model because it has the highest correlation coefficient (R2=0.9485). The pseudo-second order kinetics well defined the adsorption process.

Erasmus Programme is a student exchange programme carried out within the frame of the agreements between higher education institutions of European Union countries and the candidate countries. Programme is supported by The European Union. Programme aims at providing the outgoing students with new abilities and different experiences.The Exchange programme also aims at enhancing the employment opportunities of the outgoing students.Programme came into use in Selcuk University in 2005 and 465 students have been sent to study abroad as Erasmus students in the last three years. The aim of this study is to evaluate the education process of outgoing students sent to abroad by Erasmus Programme. In this study, Erasmus Students Satisfaction Survey was applied to the 50 outgoing students. The problems, encountered by outgoing students in their education, were determined; the experiences that students gained in a different education life and culture were presented and also the contribution of the Erasmus Programme on personel and carreer development of outgoing students were determined. The comments and suggestions were stated according to feedbacks obtained from the survey based on opinions and thoughts of outgoing students. With this study it is aimed to shed light on the students to be sent to study abroad next academic year based on the knowledge and experiences and to minimize the encountered problems.

AbstractCurrently it is not fully understood how carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may affect human health. Despite this, CNTs are produced at a tonne mass scale yearly. Due to their large production and intended use within a variety of applications it is imperative that a clear understanding of the hazard potential of CNTs is gained. The aim of this study therefore was to assess the impact of five different industrially produced CNTs which varied in their physical properties on the viability of human monocyte derived macrophages (MDM), and subsequently, at sub-lethal concentrations (0.005–0.02 mg/mL), their ability to cause oxidative stress and a pro-inflammatory response in these important immune cells over a 24-h period. None of the CNTs caused significant cytotoxicity up to 0.02 mg/mL after 24 h. Only the long multi-walled CNTs (MWNCTs) caused a significant, dose-dependent (0.005–0.02 mg/mL) reactive oxygen species production, whilst bundled MWCNTs showed a significant tumor necrosis factor alpha release after 24 h exposure at 0.02 mg/mL. No effects were observed for either tangled MWCNTs or short MWCNTs. It can be concluded from the findings of the present study that the industrially produced CNTs studied can cause hazardous effects in vitro that may be associated with their physical properties.

AbstractFatty acid compositions of two different sufflower (Carthamus tinctorium) caper seed(Capparis spinosa), pinus seed (Pinus pinea), six different canola, two different rapeseed (Brassica napus),fig seed (Opuntia ficus-indica) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed were analysed by Gas Chromotography.Linoleic and oleic acids were established as major fatty acids of seed oils. While the canola seed oilcontains highest oleic acid (67.76 %), the highest linoleic acid (78.06 %) was established in safflower.

AbstractThe essential oil obtained from leaves of Origanum vulgaresubsp. hirtumwas analysed by GC-MS. Twenty-eight components were identified accounting for 99.4 % and 99.5 %, the oils of two region (Büyükeceli and Delikkaya), respectively. The major components were carvacrol (51.4 % and 63.3 %), linalool (28.3 % and 2.3 %), λ-terpinene (6.0 % and 9.9 %) and p-cymene (4.8 % and 8.7 %). The oils contained mainly oxygenated monoterpenoids and monoterpenoid hydrocarbons.

ABSTRACTTrichomoniasis is a significant sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the spectrum of public health and primary care because of its association with agents such as human immunodeficiency virus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. However, its true significance may be underestimated due to diagnostic modalities that exhibit poor sensitivity. A total of 1,086 genital specimens from two urban emergency departments, a suburban urgent-care facility, and a metropolitan outpatient physician group were subjected to transcription-mediated amplification-based Trichomonas vaginalisanalyte-specific-reagent (ASR) testing (Gen-Probe, Inc.). The rate of positive molecular ASR results (14.5%) doubled that of direct saline preparation (7.0%; P< 0.0002). Analogous increases were observed at one emergency department and within the outpatient physician group (P< 0.0002). No significant increase in the rate of positive molecular ASR results was observed from the facilities that encountered a lower frequency of black/African American patients. While positive T. vaginalisfindings via direct saline preparation did not have a significant association with concomitant Chlamydia trachomatisor N. gonorrhoeaeinfection overall, a positive T. vaginalisASR result was a better predictor of concomitant C. trachomatisor N. gonorrhoeaeinfection (odds ratios of 2.34 and 4.46, respectively; P< 0.0001). The increased rate of positive T. vaginalisASR results was observed in both point-of-care (P= 0.02 versus direct saline preparation) and laboratory (P= 0.003) testing. Highly sensitive T. vaginalismolecular ASR not only transcends issues of specimen integrity and microscopic acumen but also has an increased ability to predict the likelihood of additional STDs in defined populations.

Natural spring resources, other fresh water and used water related to natural springs have an important influence in Turkey and elsewhere. The value of water resources can be affected by pollution of the water by organic, inorganic, heavy metal, radioactive and biological substances. The rapid increase in pollution in Golcuk, a town of Kocaeli in the Marmara Region, and its surrounding area, is likely to create a problem for providing water needs in the future. The object of the research reported is to determine the heavy metal concentrations of the water supply. The investigation was carried out at eight surface water sources in Golcuk town and its surroundings. The water samples were collected from these sources each month in order to analyse for the following heavy metals Cr6, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, F-;, Fe, total cyanide (TCN). The pH of each sample was also measured. This work was conducted between 1996-1997. The variations in parameters with time, season, rainfall and environment have been observed during this period. The temperature of the water samples was measured at their sources, and their colours and transparencies were observed either in situ or by laboratory analysis. The parameters have been evaluated according to national standards. The results show that no changes were observed in the levels of Cr+6, Cd, Pb, Zn, F-;, Fe, T.CN in a year but some changes were observed in levels of Ni, Cu and pH. All of the springs were interpreted according to the national standard for water springs and are discussed in terms of drinkable, usable and irrigation water.

To assess the feasibility and usefulness of secretin-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (S-MRCP) for evaluation of pancreatic exocrine function.

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Histological study of hysterectomy specimens removed for noninflammatory and nonneoplastic disease revealed 15 severe cases and many more slight cases of eosinophil leukocytic endomyometritis, the degree of which appeared to correlate with injury from preoperative diagnostic curettage. In each case of severe eosinophitic endomyometritis, circumferential mucosal and extensive myometrial damage together with an occluding blood clot at the level of the inner orifice was confirmed. The massive eosinophilia appeared any time between 18 h and 21 days after curettage, and it is proposed that the probable causative agents are eosinophil chemotactic substances liberated from the myometrial mast cells and from the degrading blood clot filling the uterine cavity. There were no clinical signs or symptoms that appeared to correlate with the histological changes observed in this study. This phenomenon may serve as a model for studying the dynamics and functions of eosinophilic leukocytes in humans.

In the primary hyperaldosteronism discovered by Conn, a paradoxical phenomenon has been observed: in response to the rapid intravenous infusion of a hypertonic and isotonic solution of sodium chloride, diuresis increased abnormally and the urine contained a high concentration of sodium.1,2 The phenomenon has been described to occur in Cushing's syndrome,3,4 in essential hypertension,4,5 in the so-called autonomic insufficiency,6 as well as in healthy subjects treated with ganglionic blocking agents.7 In its genesis, significance has been attributed to high blood pressure,1-5 a potassium-depletion state,2 and to a loss of normal circulatory reflexes.2,6,7 It is a fact that in the patient with Conn's syndrome, the phenomenon disappears following surgical removal of the adrenal cortical adenoma.1,2 On the basis of the postoperative cessation of the increased rate of glomerular filtration evoked by the infusion, it has been suggested that in the genesis of

The article offers information on the proper use of energy by dog handlers when training with their dog. It says that when energy is projected correctly towards the dog, it signifies handlers as the provider of food and shelter, event planner and protector. It states that by placing on a good act, dog owners can plan the right energy, which will support the commands.