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Context The effects of probiotics on broilers’ growth and productivity performance have been reported in many scientific studies, and different results have been found. Aim This study aimed to assess the effects of probiotics on broiler growth performance via meta-analysis. Methods In this study, the PubMed database was searched with the keywords ‘broiler’ and ‘probiotic’ and it was determined that 60 of 605 studies were suitable. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were used as performance parameters. Publication bias was evaluated with Egger’s and Begg’s tests. The trim and fill method was applied when even one of these tests was significant. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the Cochran Q test. The random-effect model was used to estimate effect sizes if heterogeneity was statistically significant; otherwise, the fixed-effect model was used. In addition to evaluating all studies, subgroup analyses were performed depending on study duration, probiotic strain, and the probiotic content. Key results According to the meta-analysis results, there was a significant difference between the probiotic and control groups in studies lasting 35 days in terms of average daily gain (P = 0.005) and feed conversion ratio (P = 0.002). But only the average daily gain (P

The healing properties of propolis, such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, tissue regeneration, and anti-ulcer, are due to the ...

People's awareness of livestock welfare has increased in recent years and veterinarians have a critical role to play in maintaining and improving these standards. The aim of this study was to explore the attitude of veterinary students to livestock welfare and an online questionnaire was utilised to gauge the opinions of students from the Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Turkey. A five-point Likert scale covered judgments ranging from ‘Strongly disagree’ to ‘Strongly agree.’ Female students were found to have a higher score for questions related to the welfare of livestock than males. It was also found that students yet to undertake courses in clinical science and animal welfare, ie first and second years, gave higher scores than third, fourth and fifth years who had completed both of these. Moreover, students having owned or dealt previously with livestock provided lower animal welfare scores than their counterparts who had done neither. Seemingly, the sensitivity of veterinary students decreases during the latter stages of their education. To conclude, we suggest further investigation into the extent to which veterinary medicine education influences students’ attitudes to animal welfare as they progress through the course.

The aim of this study is to examine all the papers and abstracts presented in the national veterinary animal science congresses held between 2004-2018 and included in the congress books in terms of various parameters. The examined papers were evaluated over the years in terms of the number of authors, the type of research, the gender of the researcher who made the presentation, the subject of the study, and the institutional characteristics of the presenter. In addition, the abstracts of the papers presented at the congresses that were original research (not reviews) were also examined in terms of content. The obtained findings are expressed as frequency (n) and percentage values (%). When the oral presentations were examined according to the findings, it was determined that the most presentations were in 2010 and 2016, and when the poster presentations were examined, it was determined that the most presentations were in 2014. It was determined that the presentations presented in all congresses were mostly with two authors and 79.89% of oral presentations and 79.91% of poster presentations were original research. When examined in terms of the subject of the study, it was determined that oral presentations were mostly made on sheep-goat breeding (24.34%), but poster presentations were mostly made on poultry breeding (27.07%). As a result of the evaluation of the reviewed abstracts in terms of content, it was seen that the purpose of the study and the definition of the population were specified in most of the abstracts. In most of the abstracts, the number of subjects used in the study was clearly stated, and it was determined that the research results and these results were interpreted and reported as a basic recommendation. As a result, papers presented at veterinary animal science congress in Turkey has tried to emphasize some of the features examined the distribution of some characteristics and evaluated according to the years of the findings of the report content., Bu çalışmanın amacı 2004-2018 yılları arasında düzenlenen ulusal veteriner zootekni kongrelerinde sunulan ve kongre kitaplarında yer alan tüm bildirilerin ve bildiri özetlerinin çeşitli parametreler açısından incelenmesidir. İncelenen bildiriler yazar sayısı, araştırma türü, sunum yapan araştırmacının cinsiyeti, çalışma konusu, sunum yapan araştırmacının bağlı bulunduğu kurum özellikleri açısından yıllara göre değerlendirilmiştir. Bunun yanında kongrelerde sunulan ve orijinal araştırma niteliği taşıyan (derleme olmayan) bildirilerin özetleri de içerik bakımından incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular frekans (n) ve yüzde değerleri (%) olarak belirtilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre sözlü sunumlar incelendiğinde en fazla sunumun 2010 ve 2016 yıllarında, poster sunumlar incelendiğinde en fazla sunumun 2014 yılında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tüm kongrelerde sunulan bildirilerin çoğunlukla iki yazarlı olduğu ve sözlü bildirilerin %79,89’unun ve poster bildirilerin %79,91’inin orijinal araştırma niteliğinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma konusu bakımından incelendiğinde sözlü sunumların en çok koyun-keçi yetiştiriciliği ve ıslahı (%24,34) konusunda yapıldığı ancak poster bildirilerin daha çok kanatlı hayvan yetiştiriciliği (%27,07) konusunda yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. İncelenen bildiri özetlerinin içerik bakımından değerlendirilmesi sonucunda bildiri özetlerinin çoğunda araştırmanın amacının ve populasyonun tanımının belirtildiği görülmüştür. Bildiri özetlerinin büyük bir kısmında çalışmada kullanılan denek sayısı açıkça belirtilmiş olup araştırma sonuçlarının ve bu sonuçların temel öneri biçiminde yorumlanarak raporlandığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye’de veteriner zootekni kongrelerinde sunulan bildiriler bazı özellikler bakımından değerlendirilerek bulguların yıllara göre dağılımı incelenmiş ve bildiri içeriklerine ait bazı özellikler vurgulanmaya çalışılmıştır.

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) plays an essential role in cell growth and survival. HER-2 overexpression occurs in 20-30% of human breast tumors and has prognostic value as it is associated with disease progression. HER-2 overexpression is also associated with tumor progression and metastasis in malignant mammary tumors of the canine. However, in the literature, different positivity classifications/scoring were used in the evaluation of HER-2 status, and there is no consensus in terms of scoring of HER-2 expressionin canine mammary tumors. In this study, it was aimed to estimate the HER-2 positivity rate by evaluating the results of the study using different positivity classifications by meta-analysis. In this context, by using ”HER-2 canine mammary tumor” keywords, Pubmed and Web of Science electronic databases were scanned until February 2019, and a total of 97 related studies were found. However, 20 of these studies were used for the analysis. Two different meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the HER-2 positivity status with “2+ and 3+” and “3+” scores. As a result, HER-2 positivity rates were determined at 25.87% and 25.99% for the studies using “2+ / 3+” scores and “3+” respectively for HER-2 positivity. Therefore, this result suggests that the rate of HER-2 positivity is similar between humans and dogs.

WOS: 000401672900004, The aim of this present work was to examine statistical errors in published veterinary science articles. A total of 204 published articles (SCI or SCI-Exp) were used in this study. The articles were chosen from among those indexed in PubMed database between the years 2010 and 2014, inclusive. A total of 199 articles had at least one statistical error. The most frequently encountered statistical error among the articles published in journals indexed in SCI and in SCI-E was "errors in summarizing data". No statistical error was found in 2.45% (n=5) of 204 (SCI: 0.98% (1/102), SCI-E: 3.92% (4/102)) articles. To reduce and prevent statistical errors in publications, the researchers must have a basic knowledge of statistics and during the study process they must consult field experts. While reviewing, the reviewers have to redirect the publications to statistical editors when needed and most importantly during the process of editing, the editors have to direct the publications to a statistics reviewer.

Secil, Mustafa/0000-0001-7350-2202 WOS: 000462163800002 PubMed: 30582574 PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate articles in radiology journals indexed in the Science Citation Index or Science Citation Index Expanded in terms of statistical errors. By this means, we aim to contribute to the production of high quality scientific publications. METHODS In this study, a total of 157 articles published in 2016-2017 in 20 radiology journals were reviewed randomly. Selected articles were evaluated for statistical errors regarding P values and statistical tests, and for errors in terminology and other errors related to interpretation. In addition, in order to examine whether the error rates of the articles published in the radiology journals differed according to the impact factor, the statistical errors were compared according to the impact factors of the journals. RESULTS Of the 157 articles published in radiology journals, 10 had no statistical errors, while 147 had at least one statistical error. The most frequently encountered error was "errors in summarizing data" with a rate of 66%. This was followed by "incorrect representation of P values" with a rate of 42%. The least frequently encountered error was "statistical symbol errors" with a rate of 3%. There was no statistically significant difference according to impact factors. CONCLUSION In conclusion, radiology journals, as do journals in different fields, include articles containing statistical errors. Even when the quality of the journal increases, there is no difference in these statistical error rates. In order to prevent statistical errors in manuscripts, there are responsibilities for both the researchers who conduct scientific studies and the editors who publish these studies in their journals. Researchers should have a basic statistical knowledge, and the editor must submit all manuscripts for a statistical review.

ΔΕΝ ΥΠΑΡΧΕΙ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ, This study aimed to evaluate the use of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) as markers of the severity of inflammation in the eyes of the Romanov breed sheep with infectious keratoconjunctivitis. A total of 10 Romanov breed sheep between the 1.5 and 2 years of age, including the ones carrying infectious keratoconjunctivitis (G1, n = 5) and healthy ones (G2, n = 5), which were housed under the same care and nutrition conditions were examined, in a sheep breeding enterprise within the boundaries of Siirt province. Staphylococcus aureus sp., Clostridium spp., and Penicillium spp. were detected based on the microscopic morphology of the colonies in swabs collected from the eyes of sick animals. Biochemical tests were performed relevant to the suspected agents while no growth was detected in the swabs of the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in serum CRP and WBC levels between the G1 and G2 groups (p

Determining outliers is more complicated in multivariate data sets than it is in univariate cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the blocked adaptive computationally efficient outlier nominators (BACON) algorithm, the fast minimum covariance determinant (FAST-MCD) method, and the robust Mahalanobis distance (RM) method in multivariate data sets. For this purpose, outlier detection methods were compared for multivariate normal, Laplace, and Cauchy distributions with different sample sizes and numbers of variables. False-negative and false-positive ratios were used to evaluate the methods’ performance. The results of this work indicate that the performance of these methods varies according to the distribution type.

This study aimed to compare different induction of partu -rition (IP) methods in terms of endocrinological and immunological parameters in ewes and lambs.A total of 24 ewes and their respective 24 lambs were studied. Groups of six ewes were induced on the 138th day: groups I (control), II (dexamethasone), III (aglepristone) and IV (aglepristone + dexamethasone). Blood samples were taken from the ewes from IP to 2 days postpartum at 12-hour intervals for the prolactin and oxytocin analyses. Colostrum and blood samples were collected from the lambs at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours for the IgG analysis. The prolactin, oxytocin and IgG levels were measured by ELISA.A significant difference was found in prolactin levels in all groups and in the colostral IgG level in group IV with respect to the sampling time. Additionally, a significant difference in prolactin level was found at 24 hours postpartum between group IV and groups I and III. A significant difference in the colostral IgG level was determined at 24 hours after parturition between group III and the other groups and at 48 hours after parturition between groups II and III. A positive and significant correlation between the colostral and serum IgG levels of the lambs was found at 24 hours in groups I and II.Although varying individual results were found within the groups, the endocrinological and immunological results did not suggest any superiority among the IP methods. Considering the presented study results, a single dose of aglepristone may be used alone or in combination with dexamethasone for I P.ZIEL:: Vergleich verschiedener Methoden der Geburtsein leitung in Bezug auf endokrinologische und immunologische Parameter bei Mutterschafen und Lämmern.Untersucht wur den 24 Mutterschafe und ihre 24 Lämmer. Jeweils sechs Mutterschafe bildeten eine Gruppe. In den vier Gruppen kamen am 138. Tag nach der Bede -ckung verschiedene Protokolle der Geburtseinleitung zur Anwendung: Gruppe I (Kontrolle), II (Dexamethason), III (Aglepriston) und IV (Agle -priston + Dexamethason). Blutproben der Mutterschafe wurden vom Zeitpunkt der Geburtseinleitung bis 2 Tage nach der Geburt in 12-Stunden-Intervallen zur Messung der Prolaktin- und Oxytozinkonzentration entnom men. Kolostrum und Blutproben von den Lämmern wur den 0, 12, 24, 36 und 48 Stunden nach der Geburt für die IgG-Bestimmung gesammelt. Die Messung der Prolaktin-, Oxytozin- und IgG-Konzentration erfolgte mittels ELISA.Die Prolaktinkonzentrationen veränderten sich über die Zeit signifikant in allen Gruppen. Die IgG-Konzentration im Blut zeigte nur in Gruppe IV eine signifikante Veränderung im zeitlichen Verlauf. Im Gruppenvergleich differierte die Prolaktinkonzentration zwischen Gruppe IV und I sowie III 24 Stunden post partum signifi kant. Signi fikante Unterschie de hinsichtlich der IgG-Kon zentration des Kolostrums fanden sich zwischen Gruppe III und den anderen Gruppen 24 Stunden nach der Geburt sowie zwischen Gruppe II und III 48 Stunden nach der Geburt. In den Gruppen I und II ergab sich eine positive Korrelation zwischen der IgG-Konzentration im Kolostrum und im Serum 24 Stunden nach der Geburt.Bei Schafen und Lämmern waren nach verschiedenen Protokollen der Geburtseinleitung keine relevanten endokrinen und im -munologischen Unterschiede nachweisbar. Basierend auf den Resulta -ten der Studie kann zur Geburtseinleitung eine Einzeldosis von Aglepris-ton allein oder in Kombination mit Dexamethason verwendet werden.

Natural additives have become one of the most alternative immune enhancer nowadays. In particular, Spirulinaplatensis (Arthrospira platensis) (SP) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) have been used for improving the immune system and qualityof life. The aim of this study was to regulate the immune effect of S. cerevisiae and S. platensis (A. platensis) combination. Forty maleNew Zealand white rabbits, aged 5-6 weeks, were analysed in 4 groups: Control (basal diet); SC (added 3 g/kg diet), SP (added 5% ofthe diet); SC and SP (added 3 g/kg SC and 5% SP of the diet). The entire experiment lasted 90 days. Blood samples were obtained byear venipuncture on the 90th day. The CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte values were determined by flow cytometry and cytokines (IFN-γand IL-4) were determined by ELISA. According to the results, there were no significant differences in the expression of cytokines,but serum CD4+/CD8+ increased in the animals fed SP and SC+SP supplemented diets (3 g/kg and 5% of the diet, respectively). Itwas concluded that S. platensis (A. platensis) may be used as an immune enhancer, although further studies are needed to clarify theeffects of spirulina supplement on immunity., Los aditivos naturales se han convertido en uno de los mayores potenciadores alternativos de inmunidad actualmente.Spirulina platensis (SP) y Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) se han usado para mejorar el sistema inmunológico y la calidad de vida.El objetivo de este estudio fue regular el efecto inmune de la combinación de S. cerevisiae y S. platensis (A. platensis). Se analizaron40 conejos blancos machos de Nueva Zelanda, de 5 a 6 semanas de edad, en 4 grupos: Control (dieta basal); SC (añadido 3 g / kg dedieta); SP (añadido 5% de la dieta); SC y SP (se añadieron 3 g/kg SC y 5% SP de la dieta), respectivamente. El experimento completoduró 90 días. Muestras de sangre fueron obtenidas mediante punción venosa de oído en el día 90. Los valores de linfocitos T CD4+y CD8+ se determinaron mediante citometría de flujo y las citoquinas (IFN-γ e IL-4) se determinaron por ELISA. De acuerdo conlos resultados, no hubo diferencias significativas en la expresión de citoquinas, pero el suero CD4+/CD8+ aumentó en los animalesalimentados con SP y SC + SP dietas suplementadas (3 g/kg y 5% de la dieta, respectivamente). Se concluye que S. platensis (A.platensis) se puede utilizar como un potenciador immune, aunque se necesitan más estudios para aclarar los efectos de la suplementaciónde espirulina en la inmunidad.

The present study aimed to determine by measuring the levels of several biochemical variables in Kıvırcık ewes. This study was carried out on 30 Kıvırcık ewes, 1-6 year old, which were all clinically healty in five different farms from the Manisa province. Total cholesterol, total protein, triglyceride, phospholipids, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and glucose were measured using commercial spectrophotometric kits by spectrophotometer. It’s determined that there wasn’t diffrence between Kıvırcık ewes statistically (p>0.05). The purpose of this study will be beneficial for other studies in this race., Bu çalışmanın amacı Kıvırcık ırkı koyunlara ait kan örneklerinde bazı biyokimyasal parametrelerin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma, Manisa ili ilçelerinde yetiştirilen 5 farklı çiftlikten oluşan, 1-6 yaş aralığında, klinik olarak sağlıklı, 30 adet Kıvırcık ırkı koyunlarında yapıldı. Bu hayvanlara ait plazma ve serum örneklerinde, total kolesterol, total protein, trigliserit, fosfolipit, kalsiyum, inorganik fosfor ve glikoz, ticari spektrofotometrik kitler kullanılarak spektrofotometre yardımıyla belirlendi. Kıvırcık ırkı koyunlar arasında çiftliklere göre istatistiksel farkın anlamlı olmadığı saptandı (p

Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate changes in the serum levels of adiponectin and TNF-α, as well as insulin sensitivity, and to elucidate the possible relationship among the parameters and negative energy balance during the periparturient period of dairy cows. Material and Methods: Thirty primiparous Holstein dairy cows were selected for the study. Blood samples were collected from each cow seven days before the expected calving date, on the calving day, and 7, 14, and 21 days after calving. Blood non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and TNF- α levels were measured. Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (rQUICKI) was calculated using data on NEFA, insulin, and glucose concentrations. Results: When compared to prepartum levels, serum concentration of adiponectin significantly increased on day 21 postpartum. The rQUICKI increased and NEFA levels decreased on day 7 after parturition. Insulin and glucose levels decreased on days 7, 14, and 21 postpartum when compared with prepartum levels. BHBA levels decreased on day 21 and TNF- α concentration also decreased on days 7, 14, and 21 postpartum. Adiponectin levels positively correlated with NEFA during the preparturient period. Negative correlation was detected between adiponectin and rQUICKI on calving day and on 14th day after parturition. TNF- α concentration positively correlated with glucose levels on day 7 prepartum and on 21st day postpartum and with rQUICKI on 21st day postpartum. Negative correlation was detected between adiponectin level and insulin sensitivity. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, we concluded that adiponectin could possibly increase insulin sensitivity when blood NEFA concentrations are elevated.

The aim of this study was to evaluate different antioxidants-supplemented freeze-dried egg yolk based extenders for the post-thawing quality and incubation resilience of goat spermatozoa. Pooled semen were diluted in a two-step dilution method to a final concentration of 1/5 (semen/extender) in control and antoxidant supplemented freeze-dried extenders (methionine, cysteamine and butylated hydroxytoluene). Semen samples were assessed for sperm motility, plasma membrane functional integrity using hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST), damaged acrosome using FITC-Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA-FITC) and DNA integrity using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Membrane lipid peroxidation status was also analyzed using the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. In the study, antioxidant supplemented freeze-dried egg yolk based extenders have beneficial effect on goat sperm parameters. In addition, we achieved a higher quality in post thawed goat semen even after 6 h incubation when the extender was supplemented by 5 mM BHT or cysteamine.

The primary aim of our study, web-based survey, is to gain an understanding of veterinarians’ statistical knowledge and how it varies by focus area. The secondary aim is to address the following question: when should biostatistics be taught in veterinary education? A total of 155 veterinarians from 41 countries participated in this study. The results indicate that while veterinarians place an emphasis on biostatistics education, the majority state that biostatistics education should be taken both at the undergraduate and postgraduate level and the participants also believe that taking a biostatistics course is useful for their occupation. In biostatistics education, the topic of sampling, which plays a significant role at the planning stage of any study, should be considered particularly important. A biostatistics education should also emphasize the necessity of consulting to a biostatistician when planning a study, Web-tabanlı çalışmamızın birincil amacı veteriner hekimlerin istatistik bilgisini anlamak ve istatistik bilgisinin çalışma alanlarına göre nasıl değiştiğini incelemektir. İkinci amaç şu soruya yanıt aramaktadır: Veteriner hekimliği eğitiminde biyoistatistik ne zaman öğretilmelidir? Çalışmaya 41 ülkeden 155 veteriner hekim katılmıştır. Sonuçlar veteriner hekimlerin biyoistatistik eğitimine önem verdiğini, bu eğitimin hem lisans hem lisans üstü seviyesinde verilmesi gerektiğini ayrıca biyoistatistik dersi almanın meslekleri için yararlı olduğuna inandıklarını göstermektedir. Biyoistatistik eğitiminde, çalışmaların planlama aşamasında önemli bir rol oynayan örnekleme konusu özellikle dikkate alınmalıdır. Biyoistatistik eğitiminde ayrıca bir çalışmanın planlanırken biyoistatistik uzmanına danışılmasının gerekliliği vurgulanmalıdır

Reproductive performance in goats is one of the important trait which has a major effect on commercial farm income. The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors effecting reproductive performance of Turkish Saanen goats with using Logistic Regression. The records of Turkish Saanen goats, aged 2 - 4 (2.05 ± 1.19), were used in this study. Data were analyzed with using stepwise multivariate logistic regression analyses. The response variable was pregnancy and the model included milk yield, insemination type and insemination day. As a result, milk yield at the insemination day (P, Hayvanlarda üreme performansını etkileyeceği düşünülen birçok faktör farklı araştırmalarda incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Saanen ırkı keçilerde gebeliği etkileyen faktörlerin Lojistik Regresyon yöntemi ile belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri, yaşları 2 ile 4 (2.05 ± 1.19) arası değişen 39 baş Saanen keçisine ait kayıtlardan oluşmaktadır. Tohumlama günündeki süt veriminin, tohumlama tipinin ve tohumlama gününün gebeliği etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Tohumlama günündeki süt veriminin gebeliği %99.9 olasılıkla etkilediği (P

Akşit, Hasan (Balikesir Author), Vincristine sulfate is one of the most effective chemical agents used in canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) chemotherapy. Its therapeutic effectiveness is pronounced and significant at the beginning of treatment. The present study was designed to investigate vincristine sulfate treatment and the relationship between CTVT tumor regression and apoptosis [estimated by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)], galectin-3 (H-160), Bcl-2 (N-9), and lectin [EEL (B-135), GSL I (L-1100), and RCA I (BA-0084)] expression using immunohistochemical staining in 20 bitches with naturally occurring CTVTs. Evaluation was semiquantitatively performed by HSCORE values using light microscopy All observed staining was intracytoplasmic and increased endothelial staining was noted with the Bcl-2 marker in tumor vessels. Apoptosis, TUNEL, and lectin scoring was higher in vincristine sulfate-treated tumors than in untreated tumors, while expression of antiapoptotic factors galectin-3 and Bcl-2 were lower in treated than in untreated CTVTs. These results show that galectin-3, Bcl-2, and lectins (EEL, GSL-1, and RCA-1) are suitable indicators/markers for CTVT tumor regression after treatment with vincristine sulfate.

Bu çalışma, Türk toplumunun hayvan hakları konusunda bilinç düzeyi ve algısına yönelik saptamalar yapmak amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Bu amaçla hazırlanan anket, Türkiye’nin coğrafi bölgelerini temsil ettiği kabul edilen yedi ilde 2016 kişiye yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile uygulandı. Anket verilerinin değerlendirilmesinde; hayvanları korumaya, hayvan hakları sorunlarına ve bölgesel farklılıklara yönelik sorulara verilen yanıtlar kendi içlerinde gruplandırılarak SPSS istatistik programı ile analiz edildi. Türkiye’de hayvan haklarına yeterli önem verilmediğini düşünenlerin aksi yönde düşünenlere göre, kısırlaştırmayı doğru bulmayanların bulanlara göre ve hayvanları koruma veya benzer amaçlarla kurulan derneklere üye olanların olmayanlara göre hayvan hakları konusunda daha pozitif tutum sergiledikleri saptandı (P, The present study was undertaken to determine the Turkish people’s cognitive level and perception on the concept of animal rights. For this aim, a questionnaire was developed for collecting data and was applied to participants in seven provinces which are considered to represent geographical regions of Turkey. The survey was applied by interviewing with 2016 participants individually. The responses to the questions of animal protection, animal rights issues and regional differences are grouped themselves after the evaluation of survey data and analysed statistically. The results are given as: Those who think animal rights is not sufficient consideration in Turkey, members of animal protection societies and disapproving sterilization are showed more positive attitude towards animal rights concept than the others (P

Left displaced abomasum (LDA) affects high-yielding dairy cattle, but the aetiopathogenesis for this condition is not clearly understood. Studies conducted on the aetiology of LDA have recognised breed, age, diet, genetics and metabolic disorders as factors that can predispose dairy cows to developing LDA (Coppock 1974, Varden 1979). Specifically, negative energy balance and ketosis are among the many factors implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of LDA (LeBlanc and others 2005). By monitoring energy balance in postpartum dairy cattle via the milk protein/fat (P/F) ratio, it is possible to identify cows predisposed to LDA. In addition to the negative energy balance, sub-acute ruminal acidosis plays an important role in the aetiopathogenesis of LDA because the flow of rumen-derived gases (CO2 and CH4) and excess volatile fatty acids from the rumen to the abomasum increases the abomasal pH, enabling bacterial fermentation and resulting in additional gas production (Svendsen 1970, Gregory and Miller 1989). Milk fat and protein levels and the ratio between the two are often used to monitor energy balance in postpartum cows (Gantner and others 2009). Geishauser and others (1997) previously investigated the relationship between P/F ratios and abomasal displacement, but they used different sample collection times from those used in the work presented here. Standardisation of sampling times could improve the accuracy of milk P/F ratios, resulting in a more reliable indicator for LDA, especially in herds where development of the condition is related to ketosis. This study aimed to evaluate the milk P/F ratio as a potentially cheap, useful and accurate predictive tool for LDA. High-yielding dairy cows (n = 154) in their second lactation and without a …