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Author(s): Ayush Agarwal [1]; Venugopalan Y Vishnu [1]; Divyani Garg [1]; Ajay Garg (corresponding author) [2]; Meher Chand Sharma [3]; Achal K Srivastava [1]; MV Padma Srivastava [1] Dear Editor, [...]

Immune-mediated epilepsy (IME) constitutes a substantial proportion of drug-refractory epilepsies. Rapid diagnosis and prompt immunosuppression are required along with antiseizure medications (ASMs). Here we report three unrelated children who presented with fever, encephalopathy, and refractory epilepsy and subsequently tested positive for rare intraneuronal and surface receptor antibodies, namely, contactin-associated protein like 2 (CASPR2), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), and paraneoplastic antigen Ma2 (PNMA2). In all of them, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was noncontributory. Electroencephalography showed nonspecific interictal epileptic discharges. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) brain scan revealed abnormality in metabolic pattern with hypermetabolism in basal ganglia, thalami, frontotemporal cortices, and cerebellar hemispheres, consistent with autoimmune encephalitis. Immunosuppression was initiated along with ASMs. Complete seizure freedom was achieved in GAD65 antibody IME and >50% seizure reduction in CASPR2 and PNMA2 antibody IME. A variable degree of behavioral problems persisted in all. Early immunosuppression is warranted in IME, but does not universally guarantee a complete response. Keywords: Immune-mediated epilepsy, drug-refractory epilepsy, CASPR2, PNMA2, GAD65, Author(s): Aakash Mahesan [1]; Aradhana Rohil [1]; Prashant Jauhari (corresponding author) [1]; Madhavi Tripathi [2]; Biswaroop Chakrabarty [1]; Atin Kumar [3]; Sheffali Gulati [1] Introduction Immune-mediated epilepsy (IME) or autoimmune [...]

Author(s): Shariq A Shah [1]; Kirti J Chauhan [2]; Bheru D Charan [1]; Ajay Garg (corresponding author) [1]; Manish Soneja [2] The patient presented with a clinical profile of fever, [...]

Byline: Arunmozhimaran. Elavarasi, Garima. Shukla, Deepti. Vibha, Vaishali. Suri, Chandra. Bal Chronic encephalitis manifesting as an epilepsy syndrome most commonly presents as Rasmussen's syndrome, usually characterized by epilepsia partialis continua, [...]

Byline: M. Netravathi Autoimmune mechanisms causing diverse neuropsychiatric symptoms are increasingly recognized and brought about a paradigm shift in the understanding of Autoimmune Encephalitis (AE).[1] They are a group of [...]

Byline: Pradeep. Divate, Pramod. Dhonde, Mayur. Sharma, Vernon. Vello, Vijay. Juvekar, Rachana. Binayke Case Report A twenty eight year old female delivered a baby 5 months before presentation. She started [...]

Byline: Rajesh. Kulkarni, Aarti. Kinikar Neurological complications have been described with seasonal influenza infection. We report encephalitis manifesting as seizures in a child with confirmed H1N1 infection. Treatment with oseltamivir [...]