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Background Three types of equine encephalitis virus circulate in the Americas: Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV). These 3 related, [...]

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to >1.5 million infections in the United States (30% of global cases) and >90,000 deaths as of [...]

The Orthobunyavirus genus of the Peribunyaviridae family contains numerous viruses, usually transmitted by mosquitoes (1). New members are regularly discovered through mosquito screening campaigns, but most of them are not [...]

Author(s): R. Sonneville [sup.1] [sup.2], A. Venkatesan [sup.3], J. Honnorat [sup.4] [sup.5] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411119.d, 0000 0000 8588 831X, APHP, Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Bichat-Claude [...]

Central nervous system (CNS) infections, which can be caused by a number of different viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, cause substantial disease and death in Southeast Asia (1). The etiologies [...]

Byline: Divya. Nagabushana, Thavasimuthu. Nishamol, Kajari. Bhattacharya, Jitender. Saini, Ravindranadh. Chowdary, Anita. Mahadevan, Kiran. Polavarapu, Nalini. Atchayaram Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor (A-NMDAR) encephalitis is the most common type of autoimmune encephalitis in the [...]

Acute encephalitis syndrome is clinically characterized by fever, seizures, and altered mental status. This syndrome is a major public health concern in Asia; annually, >133,000 children are hospitalized with this [...]

Influenza viruses are negative single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family Orthomvxoviridae and cause worldwide epidemics of influenza with high rates of illness and death. Human influenza A and B [...]

Byline: Kanika. Goyal, Chandana. Bhagwat, Renu. Suthar, Arushi. Saini, Namita. Ravikumar, Paramjeet. Singh, Reeta. Mani, Meenu. Singh Rabies encephalitis is a universally fatal disease. Prolonged survival in children with rabies [...]

Rubella is usually considered a mild viral infection. Approximately 25%-50% of infections are asymptomatic (1). Differential diagnosis of viral acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) caused by rubella, herpes simplex virus, measles, [...]

Byline: Cheri. John, Deepa. Mathew, Maysara. Abdelaziz, Adel. Mahmoud, Ali. AlOtaibi, Aman. Sohal Anti-NMDAR (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor) encephalitis is a potentially severe form of encephalitis associated with antibodies against NR1 and [...]

Acute encephalitis is a severe neurologic syndrome that is often associated with substantial illness and death. It can be caused by any of ≅ 100 infectious agents that vary by [...]

Outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) with high case-fatality rates have been occurring in Gorakhpur Division of Uttar Pradesh, India, since 1978 (1). AES predominantly affects children Investigations conducted during [...]

Encephalitis is a major cause of death and disability globally. In Asia, Japanese encephalitis virus is the most commonly recognized cause, with 30,000-50,000 cases and ≅ 10,000 deaths annually (1). [...]

Mammalian reoviruses, members of the genus Orthoreovirus, are nonenveloped double-stranded RNA viruses with a genome composed of 10 segments. These viruses have 3 major serotypes: type 1 Lang (T1L), type [...]

In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines [...]

Several data analyses are conducted to analyze the transmission of Balamuhia granulomatous, a disease caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris during the organ transplantation taking place in individuals. The various measures that should be adopted for an early detection and treatment of the disorder are also presented.

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus that was first identified in Malaysia and Singapore in 1999 (1). Since the initial outbreak, NiV has been associated with human [...]

The genus Henipavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae contains 2 recently described viruses, Hendra virus and Nipah virus, whose natural reservoir is fruit bats of the genus Pteropus (1). Hendra virus [...]

Many novel infectious diseases have been reported since 1940; most have been zoonoses originating from wildlife (1). Several novel zoonotic viruses, including Hendra virus, Australian bat lyssavirus, and Nipah virus, [...]

Influenza A viruses rarely infect species of the order Carnivora. However, since 2003, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5N1 have infected a wide range of carnivore species. [...]

During January and February 2001, an outbreak of febrile illness associated with altered sensorium was observed in Siliguri, West Bengal, India. Laboratory investigations at the time of the outbreak did [...]