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Growth is a key component of population dynamics and, thus, fisheries management, yet drivers of its variations are often poorly understood. Using individual data collected over 80 years, we explored how environmental drivers affect growth in a major population of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). The results confirm that intrinsic factors (age and maturation) determine growth to a large degree but also that extrinsic factors such as temperature have some influence. While the role of intrinsic factors was independent of time series length, the importance of extrinsic drivers varies strongly with the analysed time period. It remains unclear whether this is caused by data inconsistencies back in time, spurious correlations appearing in shorter time series, shifts in population dynamics, or dynamic interactions between variables that cannot be determined with current data. Generally, environmental effects on growth became less clear and relevant with increasing time series length. What drives variation in growth may therefore change over time, potentially due to impacts such as fishing or climate change. It also underlines that seemingly clear correlations can break down or change their sign over time; hence, caution is advised when interpreting results from time series of 20-40 years. Si la croissance est une composante cle de la dynamique des populations et, donc, de la gestion des peches, les facteurs de variation de la croissance demeurent souvent mal compris. En utilisant des donnees individuelles recueillies sur plus de 80 ans, nous examinons l'incidence de facteurs environnementaux sur la croissance dans une importante population de hareng de l'Atlantique (Clupea harengus). Les resultats confirment que la croissance est en bonne partie determinee par des facteurs intrinseques (l'age et la maturation), mais que des facteurs extrinseques, comme la temperature, exercent aussi une certaine influence. Si le role des facteurs intrinseques s'avere independant de la duree de la serie chronologique, l'importance des facteurs extrinseques varie considerablement selon la periode analysee. Il n'est pas encore possible d'etablir si ce phenomene est cause par des incoherences dans les donnees au fil du temps, des correlations factices ressortant de series chronologiques plus courtes, des changements dans la dynamique de la population ou des interactions dynamiques de variables que les donnees actuelles ne permettent pas de faire ressortir. En general, plus la serie chronologique est longue, moins les effets environnementaux sur la croissance sont evidents et pertinents. Il est donc possible que les causes de variations de la croissance changent au fil du temps, potentiellement en raison d'impacts comme la peche ou les changements climatiques. Cela souligne egalement le fait que des correlations en apparence claires peuvent disparaitre ou changer de signe au fil du temps, la prudence etant donc de mise au moment d'interpreter les resultats decoulant de series chronologiques de 20-40 annees. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Somatic growth of all organisms is governed by evolutionary life-history adaptations (Hillesheim and Stearns 1992; Enberg et al. 2012) and plastic responses to environmental conditions. Plasticity in growth emerges, [...]

The greater argentine is a benthopelagic fish with a northern amphi-Atlantic and southern Arctic distribution. Landings of this species have been steadily increasing since the early 2000s, mainly for ultra-processed fish food. The rising economic importance of this species begs for an accurate delineation of the management units needed to ensure the sustainability of the fishery. The alignment between management and biological units was investigated on three of the ICES stocks in the NE Atlantic (123a4, 5a14, and 5b6a) by genotyping 88 ad hoc- developed SNPs on 1299 individuals sampled along the Norwegian coast, north of Shetland, around the Faroe Islands, and in the Denmark Strait within Icelandic waters. Candidate loci to positive selection were particularly crucial for units' delineation and supported the current ICES 5b6a and 5a14 stocks around the Faroe Islands and Iceland, respectively. However, within the third stock investigated, 123a4, which corresponded mainly to the Norwegian coast, the sample from area 3a (Skagerrak) was significantly different from all the remaining in the same stock. This differentiation advocates for reconsideration of the present policy and suggests considering ICES Area 3a (Skagerrak) as an independent management unit. The environmental conditions in the Skagerrak area have left a genetic print on other marine taxa, which could putatively be the case in the greater argentine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fishing can induce evolutionary changes in individual life history traits, leading to fish that mature smaller and younger and with larger gonads, so that they reproduce more intensely. The steepness of a stock--recruitment relationship is commonly defined as the fraction of recruitment of an unfished population obtained when the spawning stock biomass is 20% of its unfished level. We use a model of harvest-induced evolutionary change to understand how the steepness of the stock--recruitment relationship changes due to fishing. If the true spawning stock biomass is known, the stock--recruitment relationship changes little under fishing-induced evolution and there is little concern for fisheries management. When management is based on a total biomass--recruitment relationship, recruitment may be underestimated, which is also of little concern from a sustainability perspective. However, when the number of spawners--recruitment relationship is used to forecast recruitment, management practice that ignores the evolution of steepness may overestimate recruitment and therefore recommend catches that exceed safe biological limits. Using outdated maturity ogives underestimates spawning stock biomass, which results in steeper and higher stock--recruitment relationships as life histories evolve. Although of little concern for sustainability, this may pose challenges for practical fisheries management Resume: La peche peut provoquer des changements evolutifs dans les traits individuels du cycle biologique et entrainer l'existence de poissons qui atteignent la maturite a un age plus precoce et une taille reduite, mais avec des gonades plus grandes, si bien que leur reproduction est plus intense. Le degre d'inclinaison de la relation stock--recrutement est couramment definie comme la fraction du recrutement d'une population non exploitee obtenue lorsque la biomasse du stock reproducteur est a 20 % de son niveau non exploite. Nous utilisons un modele de changement evolutif genere par la recolte pour comprendre comment le degre d'inclinaison de la relation stock--recrutement change a cause de la peche. Si la veritable biomasse du stock reproducteur est connue, la relation stock--recrutement change peu avec l'evolution causee par la peche et il y a peu de preoccupations a y avoir pour la gestion de la peche. Dans les cas ou la gestion est basee sur la relation entre la biomasse totale et le recrutement, le recrutement peut etre sous-estime, ce qui est aussi peu preoccupant dans une perspective de durabilite. Cependant, lorsqu'on utilise la relation entre le nombre de reproducteurs et le recrutement pour predire le recrutement, une methode de gestion qui ne tient pas compte l'evolution du degre d'inclinaison peut surestimer le recrutement et ainsi recommander des captures qui depassent les limites biologiques sures. L'utilisation d'ogives de maturite perimees sous-estime la biomasse du stock reproducteur, ce qui produit des relations stock--recrutement plus abruptes et plus hautes a mesure que les cycles biologiques evoluent. Bien que ce soit peu preoccupant pour la durabilite, la situation peut poser des defis pour la gestion pratique de la peche. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction There is increasing recognition that fishing can be a source of artificial selection and lead to evolutionary change in a variety of traits (to our knowledge, first suggested by [...]

Reproductive investment is a central trait for population dynamics and productivity. Fishing and environmental variations are major drivers affecting population structure, dynamics, and adaptation of life-history and behavioural traits. However, those factors are often considered independently, and few studies take into account their joint effect. In this study, we investigate the contribution of environment, fishing pressure, and intra-specific competition to variation in the reproductive investment of the Norwegian spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus), a stock that has been fished for centuries, and monitored for decades. Reproductive investment and post-spawning weight were affected differently by growth rate (measured as mean age-at-length), sea surface temperature, North Atlantic Oscillation, and spawning stock biomass in periods with no fishing, unselective fishing, and low but size-selective fishing. We hypothesize that those changes can be explained by direct effects of exploitation such as age truncation and changes in migration patterns. Our results highlight how fishing, by affecting population-level dynamics, can modify the impact of environmental variations on life-history traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]