Search

Besides practical and convenient products, the consumer has increasingly demanded safe and tasty foods, arousing interest in natural additives. This work aimed to develop chitosan films added with peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) hydroethanolic extract (EHH) for Briseé dough conservation. Films were prepared with chitosan (1% w/v) added with four EHH concentrations: 2.5% (EH2.5), 5% (EH5), 10% (EH10) and 25% (EH25). EH5 and EH10 films showed better antioxidant activity and bioactives retention, so were characterized by visual analysis, thickness, mechanical and optical properties, moisture, density, water vapour permeability, swelling, solubility. Moreover, by antimicrobial action against S. aureus and Escherichia coli, whose results showed they did not exhibit any activity against studied bacteria. For selected films, EHH addition improved mechanical, barrier and optical properties. They were used to pack pieces of dough, then results for DPPH and TBARS showed these films were effective in delaying lipid oxidation over ten days of storage. Además de productos prácticos y convenientes, los consumidores demandan cada vez más alimentos seguros y sabrosos, lo que despierta interés en los aditivos naturales. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar películas de quitosano con adición de extracto hidroetanólico (EHH) de menta piperita (Mentha piperita L.) para la conservación de la masa Briseé. Las películas se prepararon con quitosano (1% p/v) agregado con cuatro concentraciones de EHH: 2.5% (EH2.5), 5% (EH5), 10% (EH10) y 25% (EH25). Las películas EH5 y EH10 mostraron mejor actividad antioxidante y retención bioactiva, por lo que se caracterizaron por análisis visual, espesor, propiedades mecánicas y ópticas, humedad, densidad, permeabilidad al vapor de agua, hinchamiento, solubilidad. Además, por acción antimicrobiana frente a S. aureus y Escherichia coli, cuyos resultados mostraron que no presentaban actividad frente a las bacterias estudiadas. Para películas seleccionadas, la adición de EHH mejoró las propiedades mecánicas, de barrera y ópticas. Se utilizaron para envasar piezas de masa, por lo que los resultados de DPPH y TBARS mostraron que estas películas eran efectivas para ralentizar la oxidación de lípidos dentro de los diez días posteriores al almacenamiento. Além de produtos práticos e convenientes, o consumidor tem demandado cada vez mais alimentos seguros e saborosos, despertando o interesse pelos aditivos naturais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver filmes de quitosana com adição de extrato hidroetanólico (EHH) de hortelã-pimenta (Mentha piperita L.) para a conservação de massa Briseé. Os filmes foram preparados com quitosana (1% p/v) adicionada com quatro concentrações de EHH: 2,5% (EH2.5), 5% (EH5), 10% (EH10) e 25% (EH25). Os filmes EH5 e EH10 apresentaram melhor atividade antioxidante e retenção de bioativos, portanto foram caracterizados por análise visual, espessura, propriedades mecânicas e ópticas, umidade, densidade, permeabilidade ao vapor de água, intumescimento, solubilidade. Além disso, por ação antimicrobiana contra S. aureus e Escherichia coli, cujos resultados mostraram que não exibiram qualquer atividade contra as bactérias estudadas. Para os filmes selecionados, a adição de EHH melhorou as propriedades mecânicas, de barreira e ópticas. Eles foram usados para embalar pedaços de massa, então os resultados para DPPH e TBARS mostraram que esses filmes foram eficazes em retardar a oxidação de lipídios em dez dias de armazenamento.

The impact of phytopathogenic microorganisms in several crops causes significant losses in agrifood industry, spoilage throughout food chain and storage. Nanoparticles and plant extracts have been highlighted by their antimicrobial properties applied in food packaging, agriculture, drug delivery systems and other medical approaches. Over the past few years, this group have studied the application of ZnO nanoparticles and agroindustrial wastes in edible food coatings/films. This study aimed to evaluate active characteristics from the extract of seriguela processing wastes and nanoZnO regarding to their inhibitory activity against bacterial pathogenicity and virulence systems TTSS (Type Three Secretion System) and QS (Quorum Sensing) for Pseudomonas savastanoi. Also, antibacterial action (inhibition area) against species of Curtobacterium, Clavibacter, E. coli, Xanthomonas and Serratia, and antifungal against Botrytis cinerea (reduction in colony size). The 60% extract inhibited the activation of QS and TTSS system in 20.26% and 13.54%, respectively; while nanoZnO at 3% reduced 46.77% QS and increased 302.88% TTSS. Extract without dilution inhibited the growth of Clavibacter michiganensis pv michiganensis (Gram-positive) and Xanthomonas phaseoli (Gram-negative), inhibitory zone of 94.25 mm2 and 452.39 mm2 respectively. The latter also being inhibited by nanoZnO 1 and 2% (138.23 mm2) and 3% (275.67 mm2). Pure extract inhibited 17.38% growth of fungal colony and nanoZnO (1 and 3%) in 33.08%. Finally, the active agents studied showed to be promising in the prevention of phytopathogenic diseases and consequently economic losses, food films/coatings and the extract as a biopesticide, reducing the environmental impact. El impacto de microorganismos fitopatógenos en varios cultivos provoca importantes pérdidas en industria agroalimentaria, deterioro a lo largo de cadena alimentaria y almacenamiento. Nanopartículas y extractos de plantas se han destacado por sus propiedades antimicrobianas aplicadas en envasado de alimentos, agricultura, sistemas de administración de fármacos y otros enfoques médicos. En los últimos años, este grupo ha estudiado aplicación de nanopartículas de ZnO y desechos agroindustriales en recubrimientos/películas comestibles de alimentos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar características activas del extracto de residuos de procesamiento de seriguela y nanoZnO con respecto a actividad inhibitoria contra sistemas de virulencia y patogenicidad bacteriana TTSS (Sistema de Secreción Tipo Tres) y QS (Quorum Sensing) para Pseudomonas savastanoi. También, acción antibacteriana (zona de inhibición) frente a especies de Curtobacterium, Clavibacter, E. coli, Xanthomonas y Serratia, y antifúngica frente a Botrytis cinerea (reducción del tamaño de colonia). Extracto al 60% inhibió activación del sistema QS y TTSS en 20,26% y 13,54%, respectivamente; mientras nanoZnO al 3% redujo 46,77% QS y aumentó 302,88% TTSS. Extracto sin diluir inhibió crecimiento de Clavibacter michiganensis pv michiganensis (Gram-positivo) y Xanthomonas phaseoli (Gram-negativo), zona inhibidora 94,25 mm2 y 452,39 mm2 respectivamente. Esta última también inhibida por nanoZnO 1 y 2% (138,23 mm2) y 3% (275,67 mm2). Extracto puro inhibió 17.38% del crecimiento de colonia de hongos, y nanoZnO (1 y 3%) en 33.08%. Finalmente, los agentes activos estudiados demostraron ser prometedores en prevención de enfermedades fitopatogénicas y consecuentemente pérdidas económicas, películas/recubrimientos alimentarios, y el extracto como biopesticida reduciendo impacto ambiental. O impacto de microrganismos fitopatogênicos em diversas safras causa perdas significativas para indústria agroalimentícia, deterioração na cadeia alimentar e de armazenamento. Nanopartículas e extratos vegetais têm se destacado por suas propriedades antimicrobianas applicadas em embalagens, agricultura, sistemas de distribuição de medicamentos e outras abordagens médicas. Nos últimos anos, este grupo tem estudado a aplicação de nanopartículas de ZnO e resíduos agroindustriais em revestimentos/filmes comestíveis para alimentos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar características ativas do extrato de resíduos do processamento da seriguela e do nanoZnO quanto à atividade inibitória contra sistemas de patogenicidade e virulência bacteriana: TTSS (Sistema de Secreção Tipo Três) e QS (Quorum Sensing) para Pseudomonas savastanoi. Além da ação antibacteriana (área de inibição) contra espécies de Curtobacterium, Clavibacter, E. coli, Xanthomonas e Serratia, e da antifúngica contra Botrytis cinerea (redução do tamanho da colônia). Extrato a 60% inibiu a ativação do sistema QS e TTSS em 20,26% e 13,54%, respectivamente; enquanto nanoZnO a 3% reduziu 46,77% QS e aumentou 302,88% TTSS. Extrato sem diluição inibiu o crescimento de Clavibacter michiganensis pv michiganensis (Gram-positiva) e Xanthomonas phaseoli (Gram-negativa), zona inibitória 94,25 mm2 e 452,39 mm2 respectivamente. Esta última também inibida por nanoZnO 1 e 2% (138,23 mm2) e 3% (275,67 mm2). Extrato puro inibiu em 17,38% o crescimento da colônia fúngica e o nanoZnO (1 e 3%) em 33,08%. Por fim, os agentes ativos estudados mostraram-se promissores na prevenção de doenças fitopatogênicas consequentemente perdas econômicas, filmes/revestimentos de alimentos e o extrato como biopesticida reduzindo o impacto ambiental.

The objective of this study was to develop grape ice cream spiked with agro-industrial grape residue flour (GRF). The attributes of color, aroma, flavor, texture and overall quality of ice cream with different GRF concentrations [P (0%), F1 (2%), F2 (6%), F3 (10%)] were evaluated by a panel of tasters, using hedonic scale of 9 points. The formulations with the best sensory characteristics were used to determine the chemical composition, the physical and chemical characteristics, the bioactive compounds content and antioxidant capacity, besides the objective evaluation of color (CIELAB). The F1 ice cream (2% GRF) showed satisfactory sensory attributes that allowed to be appointed by the taste panel as the best formulation. The addition of 2% of GRF in to grape ice cream provided an increase in protein, lipids, ash, dietary fiber, total energy value, reducing sugars, total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols and anthocyanins. Consequently, the radical scavenging ability of DPPH• (EC50) e ABTS•+ was hig...

Global market trends and government regulations promote industrial alternatives based on sustainable and efficient production processes. As a result, recent studies have focused their attention on the determination and extraction of bioactive compounds from different sources, and their inclusion as natural ingredients into different food matrices. Similarly, in the food packaging industry, new alternatives to replace synthetic plastics have become an important issue. Natural polymers, bioactive and/or biocomposite materials have been proposed as an alternative packaging technology to preserve the quality, safety, and sensory properties of food, whilst preserving the environment due to their biodegradability and renewability. This chapter aims to review the determination of different bioactive compounds and their applications as natural ingredients in the food industry. Additionally, it serves as a review of the most used and studied biocomposites of bioactive packages, along with associated advantages and disadvantages of these materials when compared to traditional packaging.

The goal of this study was to determine the chemical composition of cashew apples agro-industrial residue and optimize the process of polyphenols extraction in this residue. The extraction process conditions were defined using a 24-1 fractional factorial experimental design using acetone and methanol as solvents. The independent variables were: time (30 to 90 min), temperature (30 to 50 °C), solvent concentrations (50% to 90%), agitation speed (100 to 300 rpm); the dependent variables were: total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging capacity. The optimized process was carried out by applying the Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD) considering the results obtained with the 24-1 fractional factorial experimental design. The residue presented bioactive compounds in its composition, with emphasis on the content of total phenolic compounds (1975.64 mg/ 100 g). The extraction process was not affected by methanol; however, acetone affected the amounts of extracted phytochemicals. Extracts with high levels of polyphenols and strong DPPH scavenging capacity (> 80%) were obtained using 55% acetone, 30 minutes, 30 °C, and 150 rpm. The results showed that cashew apple residue is a potential natural source of bioactive compounds with strong antioxidant capacity. These compounds could be used partially or totally to replace synthetic antioxidants.

The technology for the production of restructured fruit with high contents of fruit pulp using hydrocolloids as binding agents has not been fully developed. This study evaluated the effect of mixtures of sodium alginate, low methoxy pectin, and gelatin on the characteristics of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) fruit gels. The results of the central composite design showed that the models obtained, except for those of water activity and soluble solids, were predictive. Gelatin was the most important factor affecting firmness, pH, and the color parameters of the structured fruit pulp.

Grape by-products are promising and sustainable sources of anthocyanins. Considering the factors related to degradation of those pigments, spectrophotometric and kinetic analyzes were carried out with the aim to evaluate the light and heat stability of anthocyanins from Isabel grape residue. We found that the exposure to luminosity (80W; 2500 lux) and high temperature (= 70ºC) significantly affected the absorption and content of those compounds (p

The aim of this work was to determine the amount of ascorbic acid, total phenolics and carotenoids and evaluate the antioxidant potential of mango varieties “Espada”, “Rosa” and Tommy Atkins. The fruits were ground to obtain the fresh pulp and waste resulting was dried, crushed to pass through sieve. Hydroacetone, hydromethanolic and aqueous extracts, obtained through sequential extraction procedure from pulp and dehydrated waste were screened for their antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical scavenging. The “espada” and Tommy Atkins mango showed similar levels of total carotenoids, however less than Rosa mango. The Tommy Atkins mango exhibited the lowest content of ascorbic acid and the espada mango the highest level of phenolic compounds. The extract hydroacetone (pulp and dehydrated waste) exhibited a strong free radical scavenging capacity ( > 80%).O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar o teor de ácido ascórbico, carotenóides e fenólicos totais e avaliar o potencial antioxidante de mangas das variedades Espada, Rosa e Tommy Atkins. As frutas foram desintegradas para obtenção da polpa, os resíduos resultantes desidratados, triturados e tamisados. Extratos hidroacetônico, hidrometanólico e aquoso, obtidos por processo de extração sequencial a partir da polpa fresca e do resíduo desidratado foram submetidos à determinação da capacidade de seqüestro do radical DPPH. A manga Espada e a Tommy Atkins apresentaram teor de carotenóides totais semelhante entre si, porém inferior ao da manga Rosa. A manga Tommy Atkins exibiu o menor teor de ácido ascórbico e a Espada o maior teor de fenólicos totais. O extrato hidroacetônico da polpa e do resíduo exibiu uma forte capacidade de seqüestro (superior a 80%).

This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the agro-industrial waste from acerola. Hydroacetone, hydroethanolic, and hydromethanolic extracts were obtained using the sequential extraction process, and they were screened for their free radical DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhidrazil) and ABTS•+ (2,2'-azino-bis-(3-etilbenzotiazolin 6-sulfonic acid) scavenging activity and their effect on the linoleic acid peroxidation by the ferric thiocyanate method. Soybean oil with the addition of the extracts (200 ppm) was submitted to Schaal oven test (60 °C, 28 days), in which the samples were analyzed for peroxide value and conjugated dienes. Hydroethanolic and hydromethanolic extracts exhibited good DPPH scavenging activity (low value of EC50 and TEC50 and high value of AE), good ABTS scavenging capacity (1445.1 and 1145.5 µMol TEAC.g-1, respectively), and high percentage inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid (96.12 and 91.84%, respectively) and showed the ability to retard the formation of peroxides and conjugated dienes.

No Brasil, a aceroleira, decorrente principalmente da propagação por sementes, tem dado origem a plantios comerciais cujos frutos apresentam parâmetros de qualidade diferenciados. Características físico-químicas de frutos de 18 genótipos de aceroleira (Malpighia emarginata DC.) do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE foram avaliados. O rendimento em polpa variou de 41,06% (PL 40) a 72,54% (PL 43) e, com exceção do genótipo PL 37, os demais apresentaram frutos com teores de ácido ascórbico superiores a 1000 mg.100 g-1. O genótipo PL 39 destacou-se por apresentar o maior teor de ácido ascórbico (1667 mg.100 g-1), SST e flavonóis (15,04 mg.100 g-1), além de elevado teor de antocianinas, sendo, portanto, o mais promissor. Os frutos do genótipo PL 34 revelaram o maior valor de SST/ATT, indicando ser o mais doce In Brazil, acerola tree commercial orchards yield fruits with different quality attributes since their propagation is by seeds. The physicochemical characteristics of 18 genotypes of acerola tree (Malpighia emarginata DC.) from the Active Bank of Germoplasm of UFRPE were evaluated. The pulp efficiency ranged from 41.06 (PL 40) to 72.54% (PL 43). Except for the genotype PL 37, all others showed ascorbic acid content higher than 1,000 mg.100 g-1. The genotype PL 39 showed the highest content of ascorbic acid (1,667 mg.100 g-1), TSS and flavonols (15.04 mg.100 g-1) and a high value for anthocyanins. Therefore, it can be said it is the promising genotype. The fruits from genotype PL 34 showed the highest value for the TSS/TTA; they were the sweetest

A substituição do milho pelo sorgo promove redução na pigmentação da gema dos ovos, sendo necessária a inclusão de fontes exógenas de pigmentantes. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar às características sensoriais dos ovos de codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1849) alimentadas com rações formuladas com sorgo, em substituição total ao milho, com a inclusão de pigmentantes sintéticos amarelo (apocaroteno 10%) e vermelho (cantaxantina 10%) e selenometionina. Foram utilizados os seguintes tratamentos: T1: ração referência; T2: ração com sorgo (RS); T3: RS+apo-éster; T4: RS+apo-éster+cantaxantina e T5: RS+apo-éster+cantaxantina+selenometionina. Utilizaram-se 30 provadores não-treinados para avaliação quanto ao sabor do ovo e cor da gema, analisados pelo Teste de Comparação Pareada -Grau de diferença com 0,05 de probabilidade. Os dados ao serem analisados, utilizando a Tabela de Número Mínimo de Respostas Coincidentes, ao nível de 5% de significância, indicaram que os provadores detectaram diferença na intensidade de sabor e cor entre a amostra padrão e os tratamentos. O grau de diferença para o atributo sabor foi de intensidade leve entre a amostra padrão e os tratamentos T2, T4 e T5. Para o atributo cor, o grau de diferença foi considerado de intensidade leve a grande entre a amostra padrão e a dos tratamentos. Pode-se utilizar os pigmentantes sintéticos apoéster e cantaxantina associados com selenometionina em rações a base de sorgo para codornas japonesas. Synthetic pigments from external sources are supplemented in sorghum replacement diets in the substitution for the corn diet of Japanese quails, in order to compensate the decrease in egg yolk color. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of the following synthetic pigments: yellow (apo-ester), red (canthaxanthin), and selenomethionine on sensorial characteristics of eggs laid by Japanese quails fed ration formulated with sorghum, totally substituting a corn diet. The following treatments were used: T1-control diet; T2-sorghum diet (SD); T3-SD + apo-ester; T4-SD + apo-ester + canthaxanthin; T5-SD + apo-ester + canthaxanthin + selenomethionine. Thirty non-trained individuals evaluated egg flavor and yolk color. Average differences were accessed by a paired comparison test at the 5% significance level. Significant differences between the standard sample and treatment samples were observed for flavor and color characteristics of the egg, using a minimum number of coincident answers at the 5% significance level. The degree of flavor difference ranged from low intensity between the standard sample and treatment samples T2, T4, and T5. The degree of color difference ranged from moderate to high intensity between the standard sample and treatment samples. Synthetic pigments (apo-ester and canthaxanthin) associated with selenomethionine in sorghum based diets can be used for Japanese quails.

This work had as objective to study post-harvest modifications in fruits from 16 genotypes of west indian cherry (Malpighia emarginata) cultivated in the Ger...

Extratos aquoso e acetônico de 15 frutas foram submetidos a ensaios para investigar a habilidade de seqüestrar o radical estável 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) e a capacidade de inibir a oxidação em sistema modelo β-caroteno/ácido linoléico. Todas as frutas exibiram propriedade antioxidante, entretanto a ação foi diferenciada entre elas. O extrato aquoso da acerola, caju, mamão "Formosa", mamão Havaí, laranja pêra e goiaba foram os mais eficazes (superior a 70%), enquanto que o do abacaxi, laranja cravo, manga rosa, melão espanhol, melão japonês, melão orange flesh e pinha apresentaram ação moderada (60-70%) e o da manga espada e melancia exibiram a mais fraca capacidade de seqüestrar o radical DPPH. Os extratos acetônico da acerola, caju, pinha e goiaba exibiram uma forte capacidade de seqüestrar o radical DPPH (superior a 70%). Em sistema modelo β-caroteno/ácido linoléico, o extrato aquoso da pinha e o acetônico da goiaba exibiram moderada capacidade antioxidante (60-70%) enquanto que a acerola (extrato aquoso) e o mamão formosa (extrato acetônico) os menores percentuais. Frente à capacidade antioxidante exibida, as frutas podem ser apontadas como fontes de antioxidantes naturais, destacando-se a acerola, caju, mamão Formosa, mamão Havaí, goiaba, laranja pêra, e a pinha por terem apresentado uma potente capacidade antioxidante.Aqueous and acetone extracts from 15 fruits have been screened for antioxidant activity using DPPH method and ß-carotene/linoleic acid model. All fruits studied showed antioxidant activity, but in different extent. Acerola, cashew-apple, papaya "formosa", papaya "solo", orange and guava showed the higher antioxidant activity (>70%) in DPPH method, followed by pineapple, bergamont, mango "rosa", melon "reticulares", melon "inodorus", melon "orange flesh" and sugar-apple aqueous extract (moderate, 60-70%) and mango "espada" and watermelon aqueous extract, the lowest activity. Acerola, cashew-apple, sugar-apple and guava acetone extracts exhibited higher scavenging activity toward DPPH radicals (>70%).β-carotene/linoleic acid model index of sugar-apple aqueous extract and guava acetone extract demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity (60-70%), meanwhile acerola aqueous extract and papaya "formosa" acetone extract the lower. According to antioxidant activity, fruits can be indicated as natural antioxidants sources, pointing out acerola, cashew-apple, papaya "solo", papaya "formosa", guava, orange and sugar-apple as the highest in antioxidant capacity.

Healthy eating is associated with the consumption of fruits, which are notable for their beneficial effects on human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proximate composition, composition of fibers and components with antioxidant activity in soursops varieties Crioula, Lisa and Morada of physiological maturity (PM) and mature (M). The protein, lipid and moisture contents did not differ between soursop varieties, but the ash contents were higher in the Morada-PM (0.56%±0.03) and the Morada-M (0.82%±0.10) varieties. The Crioula-M variety showed higher levels of total dietary fibre (5.76%±0.12). The Lisa-M variety showed higher levels of insoluble dietary fibre (4.46%±0.00). The Lisa-M variety also showed a higher level of phenolic compounds (284.25 mg gallic acid/100 g of soursop pulp), differing significantly (p

Como objetivo de avaliar a capacidade antioxidante de 15 hortaliças comercializadas na Cidade do Recife, extratos metanólicos foram testados quanto a atividade antioxidante em sistema modelo beta-caroteno/ácido linoléico e a habilidade de seqüestrar o radical estável 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil (DPPH). Todas as hortaliças investigadas exibiram propriedade antioxidante, entretanto a ação foi diferenciada entre os vegetais. Os extratos metanólicos da couve folha, tomate, batata, couve-flor, repolho verde, espinafre e alface crespa, com percentual de inibição superior a 70%, foram os mais eficazes em seqüestrar o radical livre. Os extratos metanólicos da alface lisa, cebola branca e vagem apresentaram ação moderada (60-70% de inibição), enquanto que a cebola roxa, chuchu, pepino e cenoura exibiram a mais fraca capacidade de seqüestrar o radical DPPH. No sistema modelo beta-caroteno/ácido linoléico, os extratos metanólicos do espinafre e couve-folha exibiram a mais elevada atividade antioxidante (superior a 70%). Ação antioxidante moderada (60-70%) foi exibida pelos extratos da alface lisa, cebola branca e couve-flor, enquanto que os do chuchu, cenoura, pepino, tomate e vagem, com atividade inferior a 60%, foram considerados com fraca ação antioxidante. As hortaliças testadas podem ser vistas como fontes dietéticas de antioxidantes que podem trazer benefícios à saúde, portanto o seu consumo deve ser estimulado.This study was carried out to determine the antioxidant capacity of 15 vegetables commonly consumed in Recife - PE, Brazil. Methanol extracts were screened for their antioxidant activity using two tests: DPPH free radical scavenging and beta-carotene/linoléico acid assay. All vegetables showed antioxidant properties however the action was differentiated among the kinds of vegetables. The methanol extracts of collard greens, tomatoes, potatoes, cauliflowers, green cabbage, spinach and lettuce "crespa" had the highest percentage in terms of free radical scavenging activities (> 70%). A moderate activity (60-70%) was shown by lettuce "lisa", white onion and green beans while purple onion, chayote, cucumber and carrot had the lowest free radical scavenging activities. In the beta-carotene/linoleic acid assay, spinach and collard greens extracts showed strong antioxidant activity (> 70%). The lettuce "lisa", white onion and cauliflower had a moderate action (60-70%) while the chayote, carrot, cucumber, tomato and green bean showed weak antioxidant activity. The results indicate that vegetables which were evaluated may provide a source of dietary antioxidant therefore their consumption must be encouraged.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo efetuar a caracterização física e físico-química de frutos de genótipos de cajá-umbu (Spondias spp.) cultivados sob as condições climáticas da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco, visando identificar materiais promissores para uso comercial e para trabalhos de melhoramento genético. Frutos de cajá-umbu provenientes da coleção de germoplasma instalada na estação experimental de Itambé-Pe foram submetidos às determinações de peso de fruto (PF), peso da semente (PS), rendimento de polpa (RP), relação entre os diâmetros longitudinal e transversal do fruto (relação DL/DT), pH, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT) e relação SST/ATT. Constatou-se que o PF e o PS apresentaram variação significativa sem, contudo, haver diferença no RP e na relação DL/DT dos frutos. A análise dos dados revelou haver diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os valores de pH, SST, ATT e SST/ATT dos frutos dos genótipos. todos os genótipos reúnem características físicas exigidas pelas indústrias de processamento. No que se refere à relação SST/ATT, os genótipos 6; 10; 19; 21; 23 e 27 apresentaram os melhores resultados.This work had as objective the physical and physico-chemical characterization of fruits of cajá-umbu (Spondias spp.) genotypes cultivated under climatic conditions of the Zone of Forest of Pernambuco, aiming at identifying promising materials for commercial use and for works of genetic improvement. Fruits of cajá-umbu from a collection of germ-plasm installed at experimental Station of Itambé-Pe were submitted to the following determinations: fruit and seed weight (FW and SW), pulp yield (PY), relation between longitudinal and transversal diameter (LD/TD), pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total titrable acidity (TTA) and the relation TSS/TTA. it was evidenced that the weight of the fruits and the seeds had presented significant variation without, however, presenting difference in the RP and relation Ld/td of the fruits. the pH, TSS, TTA and TSS/TTA for the fruits from the genotypes showed significant differences.

Acerola fruits (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) were harvested from 12 different genotypes cultivated at the Active Germplasm Bank in Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, in the northeast region of Brazil. The effects of maturity stages and weather conditions on total phenolics and carotenoids content were analysed. Mature fruits harvested in the dry season showed the highest and the lowest levels of total phenolics and carotenoids, respectively. During the maturation process, phenolics degradation and carotenoids biosyntheses were observed. Among the acerola genotypes, fruits from genotype number 05 stood out, presenting the highest phenolic and carotenoid contents.

Five fractions (β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin epoxide, lutein-5,6-epoxide, violaxanthin and neoxanthin) were isolated from a coriander ether extract using column chromatography and identified according to their chromatographic and spectral characteristics. No significant differences were noted with regard to their antioxidant properties using the β-carotene/linoleic acid model, however they were inferior to the BHT and the crude etheric extract. The β-carotene component represented 61.14% of the carotenoids detected in the extract suggesting that it is a principal component in coriander antioxidant action. The greater antioxidant effect of the crude extract compared to its component fractions suggests a synergistic action between the carotenoids.

An aqueous coriander extract obtained through a sequential extraction process, was analysed using chromatography and mass spectrometry in order to identify the phenolic compounds responsible for its antioxidant activity. Four fractions were identified from the crude extract using chromatography in a silica gel column. Their antioxidant activity, according to the β-carotene/linoleic acid model, was similar to one another but inferior to that of the crude extract and of butylated hydroxytoluene. Of the phenols identified through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, it was noted that caffeic acid was present in high concentration (4.34 μg/ml in fraction I and 2.64 μg/ml in fraction III), whereas protocatechinic acid and glycitin were present in high concentration in fraction II (6.43 μg/ml) and fraction IV (3.27 μg/ml), respectively. These results, when considered with the recognized antioxidant ability of phenolic acids, suggest that they are principal components responsible for the antioxidant activity of the aqueous coriander extract.

The effects of storage temperature on the quality of mango cv Espada minimally processed were evaluated. Mature fruit were washed, sanitized, peeled, cut, packed in polyethylene bags and stored for 4 days at 7°C ± 2°, RH 61%. Every two days, random samples were taken and analyzed for the physicochemical - weight loss, total titratable acids (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS) and pH and microbiological characteristics - total and faecal coliforms, Salmonella sp. and total counting of mesophilic bacteria. Sensory analysis was performed by Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. Fruit weight decreased 0,93%, TTA remained constant during storage but pH showed increased significantly and TSS decreased. All samples met the requirements of the legislation for microbiological analyses. The sensory characteristics of minimally processed mango were significantly changed during storage limiting storage time to no longer than 4 days at 7°C and RH 61 %.

A atividade antioxidante de diferentes extratos de coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.), isolados, associados entre si e com o BHT foi investigada. A ação antioxidante, exercida pelos extratos etéreo, etanólico e aquoso, obtidos por processo de extração seqüencial, foi avaliada através de sistema modelo b-caroteno/ácido linoléico e os compostos responsáveis por esta ação identificados. O efeito sinergista entre os extratos aquoso e etéreo foi avaliado utilizado o planejamento fatorial 2 ² . Os extratos aquoso, etéreo e etanólico exibiram 69,83%, 61,89% e 40,50%, respectivamente, de proteção contra a oxidação. Compostos fenólicos foram detectados nos dois primeiros extratos e constatada a presença de carotenóides no etéreo. Ao combinar os dois extratos, em diferentes concentrações, o percentual de inibição da oxidação foi inferior ao dos extratos isolados, demonstrando não haver sinergismo entre eles. Associações de diferentes concentrações de BHT com o extrato aquoso exibiram elevada ação antioxidante, enquanto com o extrato etéreo esta ação foi levemente superior a do extrato isolado. A habilidade dos extratos aquoso e etéreo em retardar a oxidação pode ser atribuída, respectivamente, aos seus constituintes fenólicos e carotenóides. O extrato aquoso pode ser considerado como um potencial antioxidante, cuja ação pode ser intensificada ao ser empregado juntamente com BHT. The antioxidant activity of different extracts of coriander (Coriandrum sativum), isolated and/or combined with itself and BHT, was investigated. The etheric, ethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained by sequential extraction were evaluated for antioxidant action in a b-carotene/acid linoléico model system and the active compounds identified. The antioxidant synergistic effect between aqueous and etheric extracts was evaluated using factorial 2² plan. The antioxidant action of the extracts aqueous, etheric and ethanolic was 69.83%, 61.89% and 40.50%, respectively. Phenolic compounds were detected in two first extracts and carotenoids in the etheric. Combining different concentrations of etheric and aqueous extracts, the percentage of inhibition of the oxidation was inferior to that of the isolated ones, demonstrating that was no synergistic effect that occurred when the aqueous extract was associated with BHT. The ability of the aqueous and etheric extracts in delaying the oxidation can be attributed, respectively, to its phenolic and carotenoids constituent. The aqueous extract can be considered as an antioxidant potential, whose action can together be intensified to the employed being with BHT.

A atividade antioxidante de diferentes extratos de coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.), isolados, associados entre si e com o BHT foi investigada. A ação antioxidante, exercida pelos extratos etéreo, etanólico e aquoso, obtidos por processo de extração seqüencial, foi avaliada através de sistema modelo b-caroteno/ácido linoléico e os compostos responsáveis por esta ação identificados. O efeito sinergista entre os extratos aquoso e etéreo foi avaliado utilizado o planejamento fatorial 2 ² . Os extratos aquoso, etéreo e etanólico exibiram 69,83%, 61,89% e 40,50%, respectivamente, de proteção contra a oxidação. Compostos fenólicos foram detectados nos dois primeiros extratos e constatada a presença de carotenóides no etéreo. Ao combinar os dois extratos, em diferentes concentrações, o percentual de inibição da oxidação foi inferior ao dos extratos isolados, demonstrando não haver sinergismo entre eles. Associações de diferentes concentrações de BHT com o extrato aquoso exibiram elevada ação antioxidante, enquanto com o extrato etéreo esta ação foi levemente superior a do extrato isolado. A habilidade dos extratos aquoso e etéreo em retardar a oxidação pode ser atribuída, respectivamente, aos seus constituintes fenólicos e carotenóides. O extrato aquoso pode ser considerado como um potencial antioxidante, cuja ação pode ser intensificada ao ser empregado juntamente com BHT.The antioxidant activity of different extracts of coriander (Coriandrum sativum), isolated and/or combined with itself and BHT, was investigated. The etheric, ethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained by sequential extraction were evaluated for antioxidant action in a b-carotene/acid linoléico model system and the active compounds identified. The antioxidant synergistic effect between aqueous and etheric extracts was evaluated using factorial 2² plan. The antioxidant action of the extracts aqueous, etheric and ethanolic was 69.83%, 61.89% and 40.50%, respectively. Phenolic compounds were detected in two first extracts and carotenoids in the etheric. Combining different concentrations of etheric and aqueous extracts, the percentage of inhibition of the oxidation was inferior to that of the isolated ones, demonstrating that was no synergistic effect that occurred when the aqueous extract was associated with BHT. The ability of the aqueous and etheric extracts in delaying the oxidation can be attributed, respectively, to its phenolic and carotenoids constituent. The aqueous extract can be considered as an antioxidant potential, whose action can together be intensified to the employed being with BHT.

Research has shown that aqueous and etheric coriander extracts, composed of phenolics and carotenoids, exhibit a considerable antioxidant action. Considering the importance of natural antioxidants in the reduction of free radicals and oxidised compounds, coriander extracts obtained through sequential extraction, were administered by gavage to Wistar rats during 30 and 60 d consecutively. At the end of each experimental period, the animals were sacrificed to obtain the blood and the liver. The effect of extracts on plasma and liver lipid peroxidation was assessed by evaluation of thiobarbituric reactive substances. Initially, the aqueous extract demonstrated a superior antioxidant activity in plasma but this was replaced by the etheric extract by the end of the experiment. Of the 2 extracts, in the etheric exerted a superior antioxidant activity in both liver and plasma. The effectiveness of the extracts appears to be related to the biological material that is used (liver or plasma), furthermore to the duration of administration and the type of extract.

Em decorrência de uma ampla diversidade genética, a pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) apresenta cor que varia do alaranjado até o vermelho escuro quase negro. Em Pernambuco, no entanto, é comum encontrá-la com coloração laranja-avermelhada. Como muitos fitoquímicos presentes em frutos exibem propriedades antioxidantes, com destaque para carotenóides e compostos fenólicos, e frente a escassez de informações sobre seus teores em pitanga, objetivou-se quantificá-los nas seleções cujos frutos apresentam coloração vermelha e roxa. Assim, foram determinados espectrofotometricamente os teores de carotenóides e fenólicos totais nos frutos destas seleções nos estádios maduro e semi-maduro. Na pitanga roxa madura e em sua película também foram determinados os teores de antocianinas, flavonóis e carotenóides totais. Os compostos fenólicos e os carotenóides totais na pitanga roxa madura encontram-se em maiores teores do que na pitanga vermelha no mesmo estádio de maturação. A seleção roxa exibiu quantidade significante de antocianinas, cujo teor foi mais elevado no fruto maduro do que no semi-maduro. Os carotenóides, antocianinas e flavonóis encontram-se mais concentrados na película do que na polpa deste fruto maduro. A presença de antocianinas, flavonóis e carotenóides totais na pitanga roxa fazem deste fruto uma fonte promissora de compostos antioxidantes cujo cultivo deveria ser estimulado. Because of the genetic diversity, fruits of Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) show colours that range from orange to deep, almost dark red. However, in Pernambuco, Brazil, it is common to find this fruit with an orange-red colour. Many phytochemicals in fruits have antioxidant properties with emphasis on phenolic compounds and carotenoids. Since the information on these phytochemicals in surinam cherry is scarce, the aim of this research was to analyse them in fruits which show red and purple colours. Half-mature and mature fruits were used to evaluate these phytochemicals. In purple surinam cherries and their peel, total anthocyanins, flavonols and carotenoids were determined. Phenolic compounds and carotenoids had higher concentration in purple mature cherries than in red ones, at the same stage of maturation. Purple cherries showed significant quantity of anthocyanin with values higher in mature fruits than in the half-mature. Total carotenoids, anthocyanins and flavonols were higher in the peel than in the pulp of mature fruits. The anthocyanin, flavonol and carotenoid contents in purple surinam cherry make this fruit a promising source of antioxidant compounds. For this reason the cultivation of this crop should be encouraged.

'Tommy Atkins', 'Haden' and 'Kent' mangoes at physiological maturity were washed, peeled, cut in slices (2 x 2 cm) and processed 30° and 50° Brix sucrose syrup. The products, kept in jars, was evaluated by Preference Test - Paired Comparison and judges were asked to evaluate the overall appearance, color, aroma, taste and texture using a 5 point Hedonic scale (5- excellent; 4- very good; 3- good, 2- bad; 1-very bad). The sensory panel consisted of 30 untrained judges and at each session, samples averaging 10 grams of each product were served in white plastic dishes. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (P < 0,05). The Preference Test results demonstrated no significant preference among the mango in syrup 30° and 50° Brix for all cultivar. Mango in syrup 30° cultivar 'Kent' showed a significant difference (P< 0,05) for appearance. Since that, cultivar 'Kent' was the least indicated as mango in syrup.

Anthocyanins from 12 acerola genotypes cultivated at the Active Germplasm Bank at Federal Rural University of Pernambuco were isolated for antioxidant potential evaluation. The antioxidant activity and radical scavenging capacity of the anthocyanin isolates were measured according to the β-carotene bleaching method and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, respectively. The antioxidant activity varied from 25.58 to 47.04% at 0.2 mg.mL-1, and it was measured using the β-carotene bleaching method. The free radical scavenging capacity increased according to the increase in concentration and reaction time by the DPPH assay. At 16.7 μg.mL-1 concentration and after 5 minutes and 2 hours reaction time, the percentage of scavenged radicals varied from 36.97 to 63.92% and 73.27 to 94.54%, respectively. Therefore, the antioxidant capacity of acerola anthocyanins varied amongst acerola genotypes and methods used. The anthocyanins present in this fruit may supply substantial dietary source of antioxidant which may promote health and produce disease prevention effects. Antocianinas de acerolas, isoladas de 12 genótipos cultivados no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, foram testadas quanto à atividade antioxidante e à capacidade de sequestrar radicais livres através do sistema modelo β-caroteno/ácido linoleico e do radical livre 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazila (DPPH), respectivamente. A atividade antioxidante das antocianinas, na concentração de 0,2 mg.mL-1, variou de 28,58 a 47,07%. A capacidade de sequestrar radical livre DPPH aumentou com a concentração e tempo de reação. Na concentração 16,7 μg.mL-1 e após 5 minutos e 2 horas de reação, o percentual variou de 36,97 a 63,92% e de 73,27 a 94,54%, respectivamente. Portanto, a capacidade antioxidante das antocianinas extraídas de acerola variou entre os genótipos e o método utilizado. As antocianinas presentes nesse fruto são uma fonte dietética de antioxidante e assim podem atuar na promoção da saúde e na prevenção de doenças.

The aimed of this work was to investigate the effects of maturity stages on the physicochemical characteristics of bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) which were cultivated in Recife-PE. During one year, the fruits were harvested from five different trees (unidentified variety) in mature and half-mature stages. They were analysed on total soluble solids (TSS), oxalic acid and vitamin C. Ripe fruits had the highest levels of TSS and vitamin C and lowest levels of oxalic acid, independently of weather conditions. The results showed that maturity stage influenced on physicochemical characteristics of bilimbi fruits.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar fitoquímicos presentes em frutos do umbuzeiro e o seu potencial antioxidante. Em polpa de umbus maduros e semi maduros e respectivas cascas desidratadas (farinha) foi realizada a determinação do teor de ácido ascórbico, de carotenoides e fenólicos totais e a avaliação da capacidade de sequestro do radical livre 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil (DPPH). O teor de ácido ascórbico do fruto semi maduro (11,07mg.100g-1) foi maior do que o do umbu maduro (9,38mg.100g-1), p>0,05, enquanto que ocorreu o inverso como o teor de carotenoides totais (3,02μg.g-1 no frutos maduros e 1,70μg.g-1 no semi maduros). Não houve diferença diferenças signifi cativas (p>0,05) do teor de fenólicos totais entre os frutos dos dois estádios de maturação. As cascas dos frutos ainda contêm estes fi toquímicos em quantidades relevantes, com destaque para os fenólicos totais. A capacidade antioxidante da polpa dos frutos maduros e semi maduros foi considerada fraca ( 60%). Frente aos baixos teores de ácido ascórbico e carotenóides na polpa do umbu, possivelmente a ação antioxidante exibida seja decorrente, principalmente, da presença de polifenóis. As cascas do fruto, especialmente no estádio de maturação maduro, podem ser vistas como um material promissor para extração de compostos bioativos, com possibilidade de aplicação em alimentos como antioxidante natural.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a melhor formulação de geleia mista de manga espada e acerola e verificar o efeito dos tratamentos sobre as características físico-químicas e sensoriais do produto. Foram elaboradas cinco formulações, contendo diferentes proporções de caldo de manga (M) (75%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 25%), de acerola (A) (25%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 75%), pectina (0,1%; 0,125%; 0,2%; 0,3%; 0,6%), ácido cítrico (0,1%; 0,125%; 0,25%) e açúcar (30%). As geleias obtidas foram submetidas a teste sensorial pela método de ordenação - preferência e as formulações de maior preferência ao Teste de Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ) pelo método perfil de características. A acidez total titulável, pH, ácido ascórbico, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), carotenoides totais, polifenóis (antocianinas, flavonóis, e fenólicos totais) e cor foram determinadas e os resultados submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e ao teste de Tukey ao nível de 5%. Todas as geleias foram classificadas como "extra" uma vez que o teor de SST situou-se entre 63,5 a 64°Brix. As geleias G7 (75%M:25%A), G5 (60%M:40%A) e G3 (50%M:50%A) foram as mais apreciadas pelos julgadores, destacando-se a G5 e a G7 por reunirem, de forma satisfatória, todos os atributos de qualidade. As geleias mistas apresentaram teor elevado de ácido ascórbico e quantidades significantes de carotenoides e polifenóis. As geleias com maior proporção de manga na formulação apresentaram as melhores características sensoriais e forte potencial antioxidante em função do teor de ácido ascórbico, carotenoides totais e polifenóis. Assim, a acerola (com teores significativos desses fitoquímicos bioativos) pode ser vista como agente enriquecedor na produção de geleias mistas com manga.