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The organophosphorus (OP) pesticide (malathion) is used heavily for many crops such as vegetable and cotton to control serious key insecticide in many areas of Egypt. This study has focused on the effect of malathion on aquatic environment and aquatic organisms. The experimental work was carried out using malathion at different dosage of water lasted 96h and was carried out undertaken laboratory conditions. It evaluated the sensitivity of organic toxic waste and their purification techniques for common carp, Cyprinus carpio by determining enzymes activity as biomarker indicators in various organs of the studied fish. The results showed that exposure to malathion caused a significant increase in enzyme activity and total protein contents in the investigated tissues and inhibition of brain and liver acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Moreover, among the tissues studied, it appeared that the brain, gills and liver were more sensitive to pollution and seemed to be the most appropriate tissues to monitor water pollution by OP pesticides. In this context for environmental biomonitoring, the evaluation of toxic waste purification can be done to assess sensitivity of aquatic organism in recycling water to meet national goals and environmental safety.

Profenofos as an organophosphorus insecticide has been used in the agricultural countries as Egypt, may find its way to water system and adversely effect on aquatic life particularly fish. Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus as a major fish species in River Nile and one of the major sources of protein for human beings in Egypt, and it can also be a source of threaten to human health. Transport profenofos directly to tilapia fish may affect their physiological status and then fish production. The mortality of profenofos toxicity was estimated on tilapia and LC50 was detected as 0.87 mg/l. Also fish were exposed to 1/2 LC50 for 96 hrs and to 1/10 LC50 for 28 days and lastly were left after the chronic toxicity for another 28 days as recovery period. The increase of blood glucose was accompanied with decrease in liver and muscles glycogen throughout the acute and chronic trail periods. Fish showed also highly significant decrease in serum total protein and globulin with increasing in albumin and A/G ratio. A sharp elevation in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid with decrease in serum total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol were also recorded. Lastly gradual and sharp elevation in the levels of serum enzymes, S-AST, S-ALT and S-ALP was revealed in profenofos-exposed tilapia. Same behavior as S-AST and S-ALT were in liver transaminases (L-AST & L-ALT). Our study revealed adverse change of metabolism in tilapia due to profenofos exposure. This may inform about the dangerous use of profenofos and limitations should be managed.