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2. Characterisation of the plutonium isotopic composition of a sediment core from Palomares, Spain, by low-energy AMS and alpha-spectrometry

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Chamizo, E., Jiménez Ramos, María del Carmen, Enamorado, S. M., García León, Manuel, García-Tenorio García-Balmaseda, Rafael, Más Balbuena, José Luis, Masqué, Pere, Merino, J., Sánchez Cabeza, J. A., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Chamizo, E., Jiménez Ramos, María del Carmen, Enamorado, S. M., García León, Manuel, García-Tenorio García-Balmaseda, Rafael, Más Balbuena, José Luis, Masqué, Pere, Merino, J., and Sánchez Cabeza, J. A.

Abstract

The measurement of plutonium isotopes, 239Pu and 240Pu, at 670 kV on the compact accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) system at the Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA) in Seville, Spain, is now a reality. In this work, we present first Pu AMS results for environmental samples: a sediment core collected in a submarine canyon in the Mediterranean coast of the Spanish region of Palomares, affected by a nuclear accident in 1966. From the study of the 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratio profile, showing on average levels lower than 11%, we confirm that the weapon-grade plutonium released on land during the accident, with a characteristic 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratio of 5.8%, has found its way into the marine environment. A two-plutonium sources mixture model (Palomares and fallout) is used to elucidate the percentage of the plutonium coming from the accident. As a validation exercise of the Pu AMS measuring technique and in order to obtain the 238Pu/(239+240)Pu activity ratios, samples were also studied by alpha-spectrometry (AS). The obtained AS 239+240Pu activity concentration results fit in with the AMS ones in a wide dynamic range, thus validating the AMS technique.

Published
2010

3. Implications for food safety of the uptake by tomato of 25 trace-elements from a phosphogypsum amended soil from SW Spain.

Author

Enamorado S, Abril JM, Delgado A, Más JL, Polvillo O, and Quintero JM

Subjects
Calcium Sulfate chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Food Safety, Fruit drug effects, Fruit metabolism, Solanum lycopersicum metabolism, Metalloids analysis, Metalloids chemistry, Metals analysis, Metals chemistry, Phosphorus chemistry, Plant Shoots drug effects, Plant Shoots metabolism, Soil Pollutants analysis, Soil Pollutants chemistry, Calcium Sulfate pharmacology, Solanum lycopersicum drug effects, Metalloids metabolism, Metals metabolism, Phosphorus pharmacology, Soil Pollutants metabolism
Abstract

Phosphogypsum (PG) has been usually applied as Ca-amendment to reclaim sodic soils such as those in the marshland area of Lebrija (SW Spain). This work aimed at the effects of PG amendments on the uptake of trace-elements by tomato and its implications for food safety. A completely randomized experiment was performed using a representative soil from Lebrija in a greenhouse involving six replicates and four PG treatments equivalent to 0, 20, 60, and 200 Mg ha(-1). Soil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) were determined for Be, B, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, Th and U. The highest TF in shoots was observed for Cd (4.0; 1.5 in fruits), its concentration being increased with increasing PG doses due to its content in this metal (2.1 mg Cd kg(-1)PG). Phosphogypsum applying decreased the concentrations of Mn, Co and Cu in shoots; and of B, Cu, Sb, Cs, Ba, Tl and Th in fruits, however enhanced the accumulation of Se in fruits. Although Cd concentrations in tomato were below the maximum allowed levels in control pots (0 Mg PG ha(-1)), PG amendments above 60 Mg ha(-1) exceeded such limits., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2014
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4. Occupational dosimetric assessment (inhalation pathway) from the application of phosphogypsum in agriculture in South West Spain.

Author

Abril JM, García-Tenorio R, Periáñez R, Enamorado SM, Andreu L, and Delgado A

Subjects
Radiation Dosage, Radon adverse effects, Spain, Ventilators, Mechanical, Agrochemicals chemistry, Calcium Sulfate chemistry, Occupational Exposure analysis, Phosphorus chemistry, Radiometry methods, Radon chemistry
Abstract

Phosphogypsum (PG) has been traditionally applied as Ca-amendment in saline marsh soils in SW Spain, where available PG has 710+/-40Bqkg(-1) of 226Ra. This work assesses the potential radiological risk for farmers through 222Rn exhalation from PG-amended soils and by inhalation of PG-dust during its application. A three-year field experiment was conducted in a commercial farm involving two treatments: control and 25tPGha(-1) with three replicates (each 0.5ha plots). The 222Rn exhalation rate was positively correlated with potential evapotranspiration, which explained 67% of the variability. Statistically significant differences between the control and PG treatments were not found for 222Rn exhalation rates, and mean values were within the lowest quartile of the typical range for 222Rn exhalation from soils. Airborne dust samples were collected during the application of PG and sugar-beet sludge amendments. The highest PG-attributable 226Ra concentration in the dust samples was 3.3x10(2)microBqm(-3), implying negligible dose increment for exposed workers.

Published
2009
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