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IntroductionThis study seeks to examine the relationships among principal instructional leadership (PIL), teacher self-efficacy (TSE), and teacher performance (TP) within the Indonesian educational setting, specifically in schools implementing the Merdeka Belajar curriculum.MethodsEmploying a quantitative approach utilizing Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), this research involved a sample of 127 productive teachers randomly selected from 247 teachers. Surveys were administered to measure perceptions of PIL, TSE, and TP, and relevant literature was reviewed to provide theoretical frameworks and research hypotheses.ResultsThe findings reveal significant direct relationships between PIL and both TSE (0.721) and TP (0.598), indicating that strong instructional leadership positively influences teachers’ self-efficacy and performance. Moreover, TSE is found to directly impact TP (0.358), suggesting that teachers’ beliefs in their capabilities play a crucial role in their instructional practices and outcomes. TSE is also identified as a significant mediator in the relationship between PIL and TP (0.258), highlighting the importance of fostering teachers’ self-efficacy to enhance their performance indirectly through instructional leadership.DiscussionThis research underscores the crucial significance of instructional leadership in influencing school culture, which ultimately affects teacher confidence and facilitates teacher performance. By understanding the mechanisms through which PIL impacts TSE and TP, educational leaders can implement strategies to foster a supportive environment that empowers teachers.

Computational modeling constitutes a crucial step towards the functional understanding of complex cellular networks.In particular, logical modeling has proven suitable for the dynamical analysis of large signaling and transcriptional regulatory networks.In this context, signaling input components are generally meant to convey external stimuli, or environmental cues.In response to such external signals, cells acquire specific gene expression patterns modeled in terms of attractors ({em e.g.} stable states).The capacity for cells to alter or reprogram their differentiated states upon changes in environmental conditions is referred to as cell plasticity.In this article, we present a multivalued logical framework along with computational methods recently developed to efficiently analyze large models.We mainly focus on a symbolic model checking approach to investigate switches between attractors subsequent to changes of input conditions.As a case study, we consider the cellular network regulating the differentiation of T-helper cells, which orchestrate many physiological and pathological immune responses.To account for novel cellular subtypes, we present an extended version of a published model of T-helper cell differentiation. We then use symbolic model checking to analyze reachability properties between T-helper subtypes upon changes of environmental cues.This allows for the construction of a synthetic view of T-helper cell plasticity in terms of a graph connecting subtypes with arcs labeled by input conditions.Finally, we explore novel strategies enabling specific T-helper cell polarizing or reprograming events.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a fairly common pathology of the cardiovascular system, which is the main cause of death in children in the first year of life. The frequency of CHD is 30% of all malformations. The number of HPUs in our country is increasing by 3-4% annually. In Russia, every 125 newborns have one with congenital heart disease or blood vessels. At the same time, in one out of 200 newborns, congenital malformations of the heart and blood vessels are of a combined nature, that is, they occur in various combinations, and, therefore, have a more severe clinical course. The main function of the cardiovascular system is the delivery and provision of oxygen and nutrients to all organs and tissues, as well as the reverse transportation of carbon dioxide and metabolic products. With each contraction, the heart normally ejects 70-120 ml of blood (stroke volume). The minute volume of the heart (the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in 1 minute) is normally 5500-7000 ml / min. And it largely depends on the height and weight of the person.

The steady increase in the incidence of cholelithiasis and its complications, called the slow epidemic of the XXI century, the high frequency of deaths is due to the severity of this disease, the complexity, multicomponent and multi-stage surgical treatment with high economic costs. The incidence of cholelithiasis in the Russian Federation is quite high, and there is a tendency to a progressive increase in the number of patients with cholelithiasis. VS Mayat et al. (1978) call cholelithiasis the second problem in gastroenterology (after peptic ulcer). However, it can be assumed that if the incidence of gallstone disease continues to increase at the same rate as at present, then cholelithiasis will soon become the number one problem.