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Further development of the Energy Saving Ordinance – Approaches for taking into account the manufacturing, use and maintenance phase of buildings The main requirements for the energetic quality of buildings in Germany are defined by the Energy Saving Ordinance (EnEV). In the foreseeable future, it will be replaced by the Building Energy Act (GEG). Both regulations account only for the energy demand resulting from the use phase of a building. The energy expenditure for the manufacture and maintenance of buildings and for the removal and disposal of old building components is not taken into account. In the past, this limitation was justifiable. However, with the development of highly efficient buildings, the energy demand of the use phase is decreasing significantly and a reassessment is necessary. Scientific investigations on the example of a single‐family house and an apartment building, which fulfil the current requirements of the EnEV, have shown that over a period of 50 years the manufacturing and maintenance phase account for 30 % (single‐family house) resp. 38 % (apartment building) of the total primary energy demand, non‐renewable. However, there are no legal requirements yet to be observed for this share. This means that there is significant potential for savings in the building sector beyond the building use phase. In order to activate these potentials, this article presents approaches to consider the manufacturing, use and maintenance phase in the energy assessment of buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affordable living space has become one of the main talking points in Germany next to the threat of climate change. The SMEs of the German lightweight concrete industry offer regional masonry solutions for detached, semi‐detached, and terraced houses as well as multi‐storey apartment buildings. Particularly in densely populated urban centres, the need for multi‐storey apartment buildings arises constantly. In the following the performance of monolithic lightweight concrete masonry will be described and compared with the relevant requirements for multi‐storey apartment buildings. It will be demonstrated that masonry with supposedly low compressive strength can still fulfil all requirements. Of particular significance here are the external wall‐slab junctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Development trend of seasonal indoor temperature distribution introducing modern building standards – Are rebound effects unavoidable? This study describes the temperature and temperature variability trend accompanied with introducing modern building insulation standards in Germany, ranging from classical buildings before 1978 to EnEV‐2009 and passive house standards (PAH). Data sets comprise far about 10 million field measurements covering room temperatures and manual ventilation activities as well as an exemplary case study within six modern EnEV‐2009 buildings. We find winter indoor temperatures increased by 4 K, from initially 18 °C in buildings built prior to 1978 up to about 22 °C within passive houses and modern EnEV‐2009 standard, and, at the same time, room temperatures become more homogenous while the lower temperatures are almost vanishing. Furthermore, almost 10 % of the windows are kept open even during the mid‐winter heating season. We argue that modern buildings experience frequent, unexpected and unrequested inner energy gains and subsequently larger heat storing effects during the entire season, which lead to discomfort and a reflex to open windows. The ”bio‐feedback“ of residents changes: they may quickly feel a sense of ”overheating“, but practically never more experience freezing events. Additional research in interdisciplinary best practice labs, aiming at an enhanced understanding of individual feelings of thermal comfort and the development of adapted assisting systems, is recommended. This study emphasizes, that enforced application of building standards beyond EnEV‐2002 appears questionable, as long as physiological wellness in modern living environment does not harmonize with technical concepts of energy use optimization and should only be introduced on a voluntary basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In den letzten Jahren wurden die Anforderungen der EnEV seitens des Gesetzgebers an die thermische Gebäudehülle bei Sanierungen und Neubauten strenger. Die dadurch sinkenden Transmissionswärmeverluste nach außen führen zu einer zunehmenden Bedeutung der Wärmeverschiebungen innerhalb des Gebäudes. Die Bestimmung der hier vorgestellten Wärmetransmissionen erfolgt am Beispiel eines vom BMWi geförderten Forschungsvorhabens, bei dem drei Wohngebäuderiegel mit 90 Wohneinheiten aus den 1950/60er Jahren unterschiedlich saniert wurden. Ein hochauflösendes Monitoring ermöglicht eine detaillierte Analyse der Effizienz der sanierten Gebäude sowie deren Anlagentechnik und bildet die Grundlage für die Simulationsmodelle. Die Simulationsergebnisse zur detaillierten Betrachtung der Wärmetransmission in Mehrfamilienhäusern geben Aufschluss darüber, dass die Wärmegewinne durch angrenzende Wohnungen die Verluste durch Transmission über die wärmeübertragende Umfassungsfläche teilweise oder sogar vollständig kompensieren können. Effect of heat displacement in energy efficient residential buildings. During the last years, the requirements of the German Buildings Energy Saving Ordinance 'EnEV' became more strict for both new and refurbished buildings. The decreasing transmission losses to the outside lead to an increasing importance of heat displacements between different dwellings within the building. Within a field test project, financed by the Federal Ministery for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi), the heat transmissions between dwellings of two buildings were quantified. Three residential buildings with each 30 apartments, built in the fifties, were differently refurbished. A high-resolution monitoring allows a detailed analysis of the efficiency of the buildings and their HVAC system, and provides the basis for the simulation models. As the results from the simulation of the heat transmission in the buildings show, some apartments can partially or even completely compensate the transmission losses over the building envelope through the heat gains received from neighboring apartments. For other apartments, losses to the neighbors represent a consistent part of the total heat losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mit zunehmenden Wärmeschutzanforderungen gehen stets auch erhöhte Anforderungen an die Außenwände von Gebäuden einher. Bei monolithischen Außenwänden, also Außenwänden aus hochwärmedämmenden Mauerziegeln, die keine Zusatzdämmung z. B. in Form von Wärmedämmverbundsystemen (WDVS) benötigen, ist eine sorgfältige Planung und Ausführung des Details 'Außenwand-Decken-Knoten' daher von immer größerer Bedeutung. Neben den Aspekten des Wärme- und Feuchteschutzes muss dieses Detail gleichzeitig auch den Anforderungen resultierend aus Statik, Brand- und Schallschutz genügen. Da die separate Berücksichtigung der einzelnen Teilaspekte mitunter jedoch zu diametral entgegen stehenden Ausführungsvarianten des Details 'Außenwand-Decken-Knoten' führen würde, gilt es, eine Ausführungsvariante zu finden, die alle an das Detail gestellten Anforderungen bestmöglich erfüllt. Im folgenden Beitrag wird ein Vorschlag für die 'ideale' Ausführung des Details 'Außenwand-Decken-Knoten' unter Berücksichtigung der bauphysikalischen, statischen und konstruktiven Belange vorgestellt. Design, construction and performance of the wall-slab-junction of monolithic external masonry walls made with thermal-insulating clay blocks. Monolithic external walls are external walls made with high-insulating clay blocks which do not require an additional external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS). For the planning, the design and the execution of these walls, the respective wall-slab-junction is of particular interest, because single aspects of building physics and the requirements in terms of design would lead to diametrically opposing variants of the detail 'wall-slab-junction'. In this paper, a proposal for an optimized execution of this detail will be submitted, taking into account all relevant aspects. Its performance will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Das 1911 errichtete und nach weitgehender Zerstörung 1956 wieder aufgebaute Luitpoldhaus wurde im Rahmen der Zusammenlegung von drei bisher räumlich separaten Einrichtungen der Stadtbibliothek Nürnberg an einen Standort generalsaniert, umgebaut und erweitert. Mit der baulichen und anlagentechnischen Komplettsanierung verbindet sich eine städtebauliche Verbesserung des 'soziokulturellen Zentrums südliche Altstadt'. Besonders anspruchsvoll ist die konservatorisch angemessene Unterbringung des für die Stadt Nürnberg überaus wertvollen Bestandes an mittelalterlichen Handschriften, Inkunabeln, alten Drucken und Karten. Mit der Sanierung wurde eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz von mindestens 30 % unter dem Anforderungsniveau der Energieeinsparverordnung 2007 für Neubauten angestrebt. Die strengen konservatorischen Raumklimabedingungen sollen dabei mit weitgehend passiven baulichen Maßnahmen unter Einbindung innovativer Lösungen sowie mit minimierter anlagentechnischer Ausstattung gewährleistet werden. Für die Auswahl und Dimensionierung der Maßnahmen wurden umfangreiche thermische und hygrische Raumklima- und Strömungssimulationen in den Planungsprozess integriert. The energy optimised renovation of Nuremberg City Library: Designing for energy and climate using hygrothermal building simulation. The Luitpoldhaus was built in 1911, largely destroyed in 1945, then rebuilt in 1956. Three previously separate built elements of a Nuremberg City Library site were recently combined, refurbished, converted and expanded. This thoroughgoing renovation involving both construction and systems engineering was combined with urban planning improvements to the southern part of the old town, a socio-cultural focal point in the city. One particular challenge faced was how to house the city's treasured collection of mediaeval manuscripts and incunabula, old prints and maps in an environment suited to their conservation. The renovation has significantly improved energy efficiency at the site: the target was at least 30 % below the level required of new buildings under the 2007 German Building Energy Conservation Ordinance. The stringent conservation requirements on indoor climatic conditions will be maintained with the extensive use of passive construction techniques, involving innovative solutions and a minimum of systems engineering equipment. Comprehensive thermal and hygrothermal climatic and flow simulations were incorporated into the planning process to help select and dimension the relevant measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die energetische Effizienz eines Gebäudes wird durch das Zusammenspiel zwischen der Qualität der Gebäudehülle und der anlagentechnischen Systeme bestimmt. Dabei bestehen grundsätzlich Wechselbeziehungen zwischen diesen beiden Seiten - sie können nicht losgelöst voneinander betrachtet werden. Diese Wechselwirkungen werden innerhalb dieses Beitrages aufgezeigt und analysiert. Neben einer hohen energetischen Qualität der Gebäudehülle kann auch eine hohe thermische Trägheit der Bauteile, die in direktem Kontakt zur Raumluft stehen, zu einer geringeren Heizlast beitragen. Deshalb bilden funktionsgetrennte Außenbauteile mit einer schweren raumseitigen Schicht und einer außenliegenden Dämmebene die beste Grundlage für den Einsatz hocheffizienter Anlagentechnik. Weiterhin wird eine Gegenüberstellung verschiedener anlagentechnischer Systeme anhand der aktuell vorliegenden Literatur durchgeführt. Abschließend werden auf der Grundlage der angestellten Betrachtungen Schlussfolgerungen für die bevorstehende Fortschreibung der EnEV und des EEWärmeG gezogen. Energy performance of buildings - construction versus systems installation? The energy efficiency of a building is dependent on the interaction between the quality of the exterior constructions and the heating resp. ventilation installation. Basically there are interdependencies between these two components - they cannot be considered detached from each other. These interdependencies are appointed and analysed within the current article. A closer view on the procedure of the heating load estimation leads to the conclusion, that exterior constructions with heavy inside layers and insulating outside layers are the best basis for the application of highly efficient heating resp. ventilation systems. By means of a survey of current literature, a comparison of different systems is carried out. Finally, conclusions for the forthcoming update of EnEV and EEWärmeG are drawn on the basis of the accomplished considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]