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α-(3-Indolyl)ketones are essential building blocks for the generation of biologically active molecules. We described a new method for the direct assembly of α-(3-indolyl)ketones through the cascade reaction of 2-alkynyl aryl azides with enecarbamates, in which the in situ generated α-imino gold carbene intermediate was trapped by enecarbamate to achieve umpolung reactivity of indole at the 3-position.

Avena chinensis is recognized as one of the cereals with high nutritional value in the world. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of A. chinensis was reported. The complete cp genome of A. chinensis was 135,899 bp in length with a GC content of 38.51%, including a large single copy (LSC) region of 80,117 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 12,576 bp, and a pair of inverted repeated regions of 21,603 bp. The A. chinensis cp genome encoded 128 functional genes, including 82 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNAs, and eight rRNAs. The phylogenetic analysis showed that A. chinensis was closely related to Avena hybrid and Avena occidentalis.

To understand the molecular mechanism controlling the size of barley grains, a number of traits were analyzed and RNA-seq was conducted on grains of two barley materials with a significant difference in thousand-grain weight (TGW) after flowering. The trait dataset delineates the dynamic changes in grain size after flowering, and it provides an understanding of the source of the difference in TGW. By comparing the transcripts of barley grains at several stages after flowering, we identified the gene expression characteristics and significantly enriched pathways in each stage. At the early stage of grain development, genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and pathways involved in cytoskeleton formation were significantly upregulated. At the later stage of grain development, genes involved in starch synthesis, glucose metabolism, and other pathways were significantly upregulated. Further, we used weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and correlation analysis of trait datasets to identify the coexpressed gene modules significantly associated with traits, such as grain length (GL), grain width (GW), and dry weight (DW). After comparing the modules with the differentially expressed gene (DEG) set, 12 candidate genes were selected, and among these, four genes were homologous to genes that regulate grain size in rice and other plants. The combined analysis identified many potential key regulatory factors that may control barley grain size and yield potential, thus providing new insights into the molecular mechanism of barley grain size.

Background Breast cancer remains one of the most dreadful female malignancies globally, in which cancer stem cells (CSCs) play crucial functions. Circular RNAs have drawn great attention in cancer research area and propofol is a widely applied intravenous anesthetic agent. Methods: In the current study, we explored the function of circular RNA nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 (circNOLC1) in CSCs of breast cancer and the inhibitory impact of propofol on circNOLC1. Results The expression of circNOLC1 was induced in breast cancer tissues compared with the non-tumor tissues. The silencing of circNOLC1 was able to repress the viability of breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, the numbers of colony formation were suppressed by circNOLC1 knockdown in breast cancer cells. The inhibition of circNOLC1 reduced the invasion and migration ability of breast cancer cells. The mRNA and protein levels of E-cadherin were enhanced but Vimentin levels were reduced by the silencing of circNOLC1. The repression of circNOLC1 decreased the side population (SP) ratio in breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, the sphere formation ability of breast cancer cells was attenuated by the silencing of circNOLC1. The levels of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), c-Myc, B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi1), and SRY-box transcription factor 2 (Sox2) were repressed by the depletion of circNOLC1 in the cells. Regarding to the mechanism, circNOLC1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) for microRNA-365a-3p (miR-365a-3p) and the inhibition of miR-365a-3p rescued circNOLC1 depletion-repressed proliferation and cancer stem cell activity of breast cancer. MiR-365a-3p targeted signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in breast cancer cells and circNOLC1 enhanced STAT3 expression by sponging miR-365a-3p. The overexpression of STAT3 could reverse miR-365a-3p or circNOLC1 depletion-inhibited proliferation and cancer stem cell properties of breast cancer. Interestingly, the expression of circNOLC1 and STAT3 was repressed by the treatment of propofol. The enrichment of STAT3 on circNOLC1 promoter was inhibited by propofol. The expression of circNOLC1 was suppressed by the silencing of STAT3 in the cells. The inhibition of circNOLC1 expression by propofol was rescued under the co-treatment of STAT3 overexpression. The overexpression of circNOLC1 rescued propofol-attenuated proliferation and cancer stem cell functions in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Thus, we concluded that circNOLC1 contributes to CSCs properties and progression of breast cancer by targeting miR-365a-3p /STAT3 axis and propofol inhibited circNOLC1 by repressing STAT3 in a feedback mechanism.

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a common malignancy with poor prognosis, in which ferroptosis plays a crucial function in its development. Propofol is a widely used anesthetic and has antitumor potential in gastric cancer. However, the effect of propofol on ferroptosis during gastric cancer progression remains unreported. AIM To explore the function of propofol in the regulation of ferroptosis and malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells. METHODS MTT assays, colony formation assays, Transwell assays, wound healing assay, analysis of apoptosis, ferroptosis measurement, luciferase reporter gene assay, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used in this study. RESULTS Our data showed that propofol was able to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Meanwhile, propofol markedly repressed the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells. Importantly, propofol enhanced the erastin-induced inhibition of growth of gastric cancer cells. Consistently, propofol increased the levels of reactive oxygen species, iron, and Fe2+ in gastric cancer cells. Moreover, propofol suppressed signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 expression by upregulating miR-125b-5p and propofol induced ferroptosis by targeting STAT3 in gastric cancer cells. The miR-125b-5p inhibitor or STAT3 overexpression reversed propofol-attenuated malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells. CONCLUSION Propofol induced ferroptosis and inhibited malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells by regulating the miR-125b-5p/STAT3 axis. Propofol may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for gastric cancer.

In this work, during the synthesis and hydrolysis of cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), the research not only focused on the contents, but also the distributions of acetyl and propionyl groups in the different positions of anhydroglucose unit, i.e. C2, C3 and C6. It was investigated that cellulose propionylation was more difficult than acetylation, which required larger amounts of reagents. At the same temperature, the reaction rate constant of cellulose acetylation was much higher than that of propionylation. Furthermore, the partial degrees of propionyl substitution in CAP were 0.54, 0.54, and 0.48 for C2, C3, and C6. The contents of propionyl distributed on C2 and C3 positions were higher than that on C6 indicating that acetyl took the position of C6 preferentially. During the hydrolysis of CAP, the degrees of hydrolysis were 0.1 for acetyl and 0.3 for propionyl. Acetyl groups in the C6 position and propionyls in the C2 position were hydrolyzed much easier with the degrees of hydrolysis of 0.16 and 0.32, respectively. In addition, it has been investigated that hydroxyl groups in the C3 position exhibited the lowest reactivity during the synthesis of CAP, while acyl groups on C3 was also the hardest to be hydrolyzed.

SO4 2−/TiO2 solid acid catalyst, a kind of green catalyst, was introduced as an alternative of sulfuric acid in the synthesis of cellulose acetate (CA). It has been investigated that SO4 2−/TiO2 presented prominent catalytic activity during this process. The degree of polymerization of CA obtained using SO4 2−/TiO2 catalyst was 1.7 times higher than that using H2SO4, which could influence the mechanical properties of CA considerably. In addition, the SO4 2−/TiO2 solid acid catalyst exhibited perfect reusability in the acetic acid system for cellulose acetylation, with traces of SO4 2− leached during the reaction confirmed by NH3-TPD. It was investigated by XRD that the polymorphic of catalyst transformed from amorphous TiO2 to anatase TiO2 with the increase of calcination temperature and prolongation of calcination time, improving the catalytic activity of SO4 2−/TiO2 solid acid catalyst. The higher crystallinity it had, the better catalytic activity the SO4 2−/TiO2 catalyst exhibited. However, due to the decomposition of SO4 2− on the catalyst surface, confirmed by TG-MS analysis, the catalytic activity of SO4 2−/TiO2 catalyst decreased sharply when the calcination temperature was above 550 °C. The structure of SO4 2−/TiO2 solid acid catalyst has been investigated by FT-IR, and it can be confirmed that the SO4 2− group was bidentate coordinated with TiO2.

Using panel data of 19 major trading regions in Fujian from 2001 to 2017, this study employs two directional (import and export) trade gravity models to evaluate the current trade status and trade potential of Fujian. As the closer economic and trade cooperation between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits strengthens, it is of great significance to investigate how the Fujian Free Trade Zone can further promote cross-strait development. The results show that Fujian’s imports and exports to Taiwan were in an abnormal state, with imports showing “over-trading” and exports showing “under-trading”. The main reason is that Fujian presents trade subsidies in imports, while Taiwan has hidden barriers in exports. This study uses empirical results to emphasize the need for further economic integration and development between Fujian and Taiwan. In terms of population, the Fujian Free Trade Zone needs to focus on introducing talents and industrial integration at various levels. Culturally, Fujian should strengthen cross-strait cultural exchanges, reduce information asymmetry, and lower cultural barriers to promote cross-strait economic and trade development.

The plastidial ω-3 fatty acid desaturase catalyses the production of trienoic fatty acids (TAs) in plant chloroplasts and plays an important role in plant responses to environmental stress. In this study, the full-length cDNAs encoding two plastidial ω-3 desaturases, designated CsFAD7 and CsFAD8 (GenBank Accession No. JX943516 and KC847167, respectively), were isolated from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) using RT-PCR and RACE. Codon usage analysis revealed that U- and A-ended codons were preferentially used in these two genes. Sequence analysis showed that the deduced amino acid sequences of CsFAD7 and CsFAD8 had high homology to plastidial ω-3 desaturases from other plant species. Expression analysis by real-time PCR revealed that both genes are tissue-specific and expressed the highest levels in shoots. Meanwhile, CsFAD7 and CsFAD8 responded to various abiotic stresses and hormones, but in very different manners. Taken together, these results suggest that CsFAD7 and CsFAD8 are both responsive to abiotic stress signals; however, they may play very different roles during stress tolerance in tea plants.

Background and Aim: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are receiving increasing attention for skin wound repair. However, the specific mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated improvement in wound healing have not been fully elucidated. This study aims at testing whether epidermal growth factor (EGF) can promote MSC-mediated wound healing and hair follicle regeneration. Methods: Excisional wounds in rats were transplanted with different collagen-chitosan scaffolds: control, MSC, and MSC + EGF. Regenerated tissues were harvested 1, 3, or 5 weeks following transplantation, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and evaluated microscopically. The formation of sebaceous glands was examined by Oil red staining and the regeneration of hair follicles by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot to test the expression of hair follicle-specific factors. Results: Gross observations showed that the wounds were much smaller and the hairs grew faster in the MSC + EGF group. Histological analysis demonstrated that there were more hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and newly formed blood vessels in the MSC + EGF group compared with that in the MSC group. In addition, oil red staining showed that MSCs + EGF induced sebaceous gland regeneration. Finally, immunohistochemistry and western blot revealed that MSCs + EGF increased the expression of hair follicle-specific factors. Conclusion: MSCs alone cannot achieve the regeneration of hair follicles and EGF can promote MSC-mediated wound healing and hair follicle regeneration.

Objective: During sevoflurane anesthesia with Sofnolime for CO2 absorption, the factors affecting the production of compound A (a chemical is nepherotoxic) are still not clear. This study is designed to investigate the effects of different fresh gas flow during induction, the vital capacity induction (VCI) vs. the tidal volume breath induction (TBI) on the compound-A production with a fresh Sofnolime or a dehydrated Sofnolime using a simulated lung model.Method: The experiments were randomly divided into four groups: group one, VCIf, vital capacity fresh gas inflow with fresh Sofnolime; group two, TBIf, tidal volume breath fresh gas inflow with fresh Sofnolime; group three, VCId, vital capacity fresh gas inflow with dehydrated Sofnolime, and group four, TBId, tidal volume breath fresh gas inflow with dehydrated Sofnolime. The inspired sevoflurane was maintained at 8%, the concentrations of compound-A were assayed using Gas-spectrum technique, and Sofnolime temperatures were monitored at 1-min intervals throughout the experiment.Results: The mean and maximum concentrations of compound A were significantly higher in the vital capacity group than the tidal volume breath group (PConclusion: With fresh Sofnolime, vital capacity induction increased compound-A production in the circuit system compared with tidal volume breath induction. However, with dehydrated Sofnolime, the effects of the two inhalation induction techniques on compound-A output were not significantly different.

Objective: During sevoflurane anesthesia with Sofnolime for CO2 absorption, the factors affecting the production of compound A (a chemical is nepherotoxic) are still not clear. This study is designed to investigate the effects of different fresh gas flow during induction, the vital capacity induction (VCI) vs. the tidal volume breath induction (TBI) on the compound-A production with a fresh Sofnolime or a dehydrated Sofnolime using a simulated lung model. Method: The experiments were randomly divided into four groups: group one, VCIf, vital capacity fresh gas inflow with fresh Sofnolime; group two, TBIf, tidal volume breath fresh gas inflow with fresh Sofnolime; group three, VCId, vital capacity fresh gas inflow with dehydrated Sofnolime, and group four, TBId, tidal volume breath fresh gas inflow with dehydrated Sofnolime. The inspired sevoflurane was maintained at 8%, the concentrations of compound-A were assayed using Gas-spectrum technique, and Sofnolime temperatures were monitored at 1-min intervals throughout the experiment. Results: The mean and maximum concentrations of compound A were significantly higher in the vital capacity group than the tidal volume breath group (P

On the basis of the review of the present situation and existing problems in structure real-time monitoring system, the paper designs and develops a structure vibration real-time monitoring system. In process of the application, spectral analysis was carried out through fast Fourier transform (FFT) technology, at the same time, the deformation and inherent mode shapes are monitored. In one words, the system realizes synchronously the real-time display of the structural total characteristic, mode shapes, time and frequency signals of key testing points on computer screen. In order to prove the validity of the system, the paper the paper takes a simple-supported beam for an example and receives a satisfying result.

Sevoflurane, one of the most commonly used inhalation anesthetics, induces apoptosis and oxidative stress in lymphocytes. Propofol, an intravenous anesthetic, exhibits antiapoptotic and antioxidative activities. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether propofol attenuates sevoflurane-induced cellular injury in human peripheral lymphocytes. Lymphocytes harvested from healthy volunteers were assigned to treatments with different concentrations of propofol, or 8% sevoflurane, or their combination. Propofol at concentrations of 5, 10 or 25 μg/mL had little effect, but 50 μg/mL propofol or 8% sevoflurane significantly reduced cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΦm), and increased cell apoptosis, activation of caspase-3 and the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, compared with untreated cells. Five and ten μg/mL propofol attenuated the impact of sevoflurane on cell viability, apoptosis and ΔΦm, and 5, 10 and 25 μg/mL propofol inhibited the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species stimulated by sevoflurane. However, a combination of 50 μg/mL propofol and 8% sevoflurane led to more severe cellular injury than sevoflurane alone. The results suggest that propofol can attenuate sevoflurane-induced cellular injury of human peripheral lymphocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, providing a rational for the clinical use of sevoflurane combined with appropriate doses of propofol.

To evaluate the hypothesis that adding dexmedetomidine to ropivacaine prolongs axillary brachial plexus block. Forty-five patients of ASA I~II and aged 25-60 yr who were scheduled for elective forearm and hand surgery were randomly divided into 3 equal groups and received 40 ml of 0.33% ropivacaine + 1 ml dexmedetomidine (50 μg) (Group DR1), 40 ml of 0.33% ropivacaine + 1 ml dexmedetomidine (100 μg) (group DR2) or 40 ml of 0.33% ropivacaine + 1 ml saline (group R) in a double-blind fashion. The onset and duration of sensory and motor blocks and side effects were recorded. The demographic data and surgical characteristics were similar in each group. Sensory and motor block onset times were the same in the three groups. Sensory and motor blockade durations were longer in group DR2 than in group R (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the sensory blockade duration between group DR1 and group R. Bradycardia, hypertension and hypotension were not observed in group R and occurred more often in group DR2 than in group DR1. Dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine for an axillary brachial plexus block prolongs the duration of the block. However, dexmedetomidine may also lead to side effects such as bradycardia, hypertension, and hypotension.

To explore the effects of different methods of fluid resuscitation on the levels of inflammatory mediators during burn shock stage.Twenty-four miniature swine were numbered from 1 to 24 and randomly divided by EXCEL 2007 into 4 groups of succinylated gelatin, hydroxyethyl starch, Parkland and allogeneic plasma (n = 6 each). Severe burn shock model was established. Succinylated gelatin, hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4), Ringer's lactate and swine allogenic plasma were used as resuscitation fluid (alternative colloid) according to the burn shock recovery principles (beginning at 2 h post-injury). The parameters of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), urine volume and central venous pressure (CVP) before and within 48 h post-burn were recorded. And the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) -1β and IL-8 were measured at the time of pre-injury as well as 4 h, 8 h, 24 h and 48 h post-injury. Statistical analyses were performed.All swine survived the shock stage. TNF-α in succinylated gelatin group was significantly higher at 48 h post-injury than that in allogeneic plasma group ((351 ± 74) vs (215 ± 44) ng/L, P0.05). TNF-α in hydroxyethyl starch group was significantly higher at 8 h post-injury than that in allogeneic plasma group ((327 ± 38) vs (249 ± 29) ng/L, P0.05). And they were both higher than the pre-burn levels (both P0.05). Compared with pre-injury ((508 ± 64) ng/L), the level of IL-1β in succinylated gelatin group increased substantially at 4 h ((563 ± 76) ng/L), 8 h ((589 ± 76) ng/L) and 48 h ((736 ± 42) ng/L) post-injury (all P0.05). The hydroxyethyl starch group was higher at 48 h post-injury than that at pre-injury ((574 ± 72) vs (492 ± 41) ng/L, P0.05). Also in Parkland group, the levels were higher at 24 h and 48 h hours post-injury than that at pre-injury ((575 ± 31), (584 ± 65) vs (498 ± 33) ng/L, both P0.05). Only succinylated gelatin group was significantly higher (P0.01) at 48 h post-injury than allogeneic plasma group ((561 ± 48) ng/L). Compared with pre-injury ((561 ± 48) ng/L), the level of IL-8 in succinylated gelatin group increased significantly at 8 h ((1012 ± 100) ng/L), 24 h post-burn ((993 ± 87) ng/L), significantly higher than allogeneic plasma group ((866 ± 99) ng/L) at 24 h (all P0.05). Although hydroxyethyl starch and Parkland groups increased significantly at 4 h post-injury and 8 h, 48 h post-injury versus those at pre-injury (all P0.05). There was no significant difference at each time point compared with pre-burn (P0.05).The recovery regimens of hydroxyethyl starch and Parkland groups may restrain the levels of inflammatory mediators. And the effects are similar to those of allogeneic plasma group.

To observe and compare the effects of natural colloid and artificial colloid on pulmonary edema of swine during shock stage of severe burn injury.Twelve Guangxi Bama miniature swine were inflicted with 40% TBSA full-thickness burn on the back, and then they were divided into natural colloid group (N) and artificial colloid group (A) according to the random number table, with six swine in each group. At post injury hour (PIH) 2, fluid resuscitation was begun. The main part of electrolyte was lactic acid Ringer's solution. The colloids included swine plasma and hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4. Before injury and at every hour within PIH 48, heart rate, blood pressure, urine volume, central venous pressure (CVP), and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) were recorded. The mean heart rate, blood pressure, urine volume per hour per kg of body weight, CVP, PAWP, resuscitation liquid volume, and the ratio of fluid intake to output during the first and second PIH 24 were calculated. At PIH 48, lung tissue was harvested for histopathological observation and calculation of lung water ratio. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance of repeated measurement, LSD test and independent sample t test.(1) There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in heart rate, blood pressure, and urine volume before injury and during the first and second PIH 24 (P values all above 0.05); during the first PIH 24, the CVP and PAWP of group A were significantly higher than those of group N (P values all below 0.05). Compared with those before injury, the heart rate, CVP and PAWP of two groups during the first and second PIH 24 were significantly higher (P0.05 or P0.01); the urine volume of group N was decreased during the first PIH 24 (P0.05), while there was no significant change in group A (P0.05); the urine volumes of two groups during the second PIH 24 were increased, while no statistically significant differences were observed (P values all above 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in blood pressure of two groups between the first, second PIH 24 and before injury (P values all above 0.05). (2) There were no statistically significant differences in the resuscitation liquid volume and fluid intake to output ratio between two groups during the first and second PIH 24 (P values all above 0.05). (3) The alveolar septum was found widened in varying degrees, and there were edema fluid accumulating and inflammatory cell infiltrating within the pulmonary interstitial of lung tissue sections in both two groups. (4) The lung water ratio of group N [(71 ± 10)%] was not statistically significant different from that of group A [(79 ± 4)%, t = -1.753, P0.05].The natural colloid or artificial colloid (hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4) applied during shock stage had similar effects on pulmonary edema in swine with severe burn.

Vital capacity induction and tidal breathing induction are currently administered for inhalation induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane. The aim of this study was to compare them using sevoflurane with respect to induction time, complications of inhalation induction, and compound A production in adult patients.Fifty-one women with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II undergoing mammary gland tumorectomy were randomly assigned to receive either vital capacity induction or tidal breathing induction with 8% sevoflurane at 6 L/min followed by laryngeal mask airway insertion. Induction times, complications of inhalation induction, and vital signs were recorded. Inspired concentrations of compound A were assayed and sofnolime temperatures were monitored at one-minute intervals after sevoflurane administration.The time to loss of eyelash reflex was significantly shorter with the vital capacity induction technique than with the tidal breathing induction technique ((43.8 ± 13.4) seconds vs. (70.8 ± 16.4) seconds, respectively; P0.01). Cardiovascular stability was similar in both groups. The incidence of complications was significantly less with the vital capacity induction technique than with the tidal breathing induction technique (7.7% vs. 32%, respectively; P0.01). However, the mean and maximum concentrations of compound A during induction were significantly higher in the vital capacity group than those in the tidal breathing group (P0.05); compound A concentration at the beginning of anesthesia maintenance was (40.73 ± 10.83) ppm in the vital capacity group and (29.45 ± 7.51) ppm in tidal breathing group (P = 0.019).For inhalation induction of anesthesia, the vital capacity induction was faster and produced fewer complications than that for tidal breathing induction, but increased compound A production in the circuit system.

To investigate the status of nutritional support therapy in moderate and severe burn patients.The burn patients with age over 16 y and burn area larger than 20% TBSA were enrolled in the retrospective study. According to length of stay, all patients were divided into the first period (271 cases, was from 1994 to 2001 year), and second period (273 cases, from 2002 to 2007 year), and they were subdivided into a (20% - 30% TBSA), b (31% - 50% TBSA), c (51% - 70% TBSA), d (larger than 70% TBSA) groups. The death rate and ratio of nutritional support therapy were compared. The change in albumin and other indices (including side-effects, complication, etc) were analyzed in each group in second period.There were similar in general conditions in both groups, however, some were obvious difference in two periods between nutritional support therapy rate (74.17% in first period vs 85.35% in second period, P0.01), and the ratio of parenteral nutrition to enteral nutrition (1.5:1.0 in first period, 1.0:1.5 in second period, P0.01). There were also significant differences in albumin levels among each group in second period on 4, 7, 14 days after burn (P0.05). In the second period, parenteral nutrition preparation was mostly delivered through central vein in the form of "all-in-one", among them 62 cases of positive catheter cultures were found. Enteral nutrition was delivered by oral route in 108 cases, naso-gastric or naso-enteric tubes with pump in 165 cases. 27 cases with severe gastrointestinal complications and 2 cases with inhalation pneumonia occurred.The ratio of parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition in burn patients was higher in our ward than average level in China. There is still a long way ahead to optimize nutritional therapy.