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Perempuan dalam konstruksi masyarakat dituntut untuk mengambil peran lebih dalam urusan domestik, salah satunya adalah kesehatan keluarga. Konstruksi gender yang melekat bahwa seorang perempuan itu lebih telaten, sabar dan sikapnya yang luwes menjadikan perempuan ditunjuk sebagai agent of change dalam setiap program kesehatan. Salah satu problem nasional saaat ini yang menjadi prioritas adalah stunting. Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN) ditunjuk sebagai pelaksana program penururunan stunting di Indonesia. BKKBN telah membentuk Tim Pendamping Keluarga (TPK) untuk percepatan penurunan stunting. Tim pendamping kelurga (TPK) adalah sekelompok tenaga yang dibentuk dan terdiri dari Bidan, Kader TP PKK dan Kader KB. Mayoritas anggota TPK ini adalah perempuan. Tugas TPK ini untuk melaksanakan pendampingan meliputi penyuluhan, fasilitasi pelayanan rujukan dan fasilitasi penerimaan program bantuan sosial kepada calon pengantin/calon pasangan usia subur, ibu hamil, ibu pasca persalinan, anak usia 0-59 bulan serta melakukan surveilans keluarga berisiko stunting untuk mendeteksi dini faktor-faktor risiko stunting. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku TPK tentang tugas pokok dan fungsinya (tupoksi), serta hambatan dalam menjalankan tugas. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah menjadi masukan bagi BKKBN sebagai evaluasi kinerja lembaga TPK di tingkat desa.Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah wawancara dan observasi kepada TPK di beberapa kabupaten di Jawa Timur. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tim pendamping keluarga secara umum sudah mengetahui tentang peran tugas dan fungsinya. Hambatan yang dihadapi adalah dari segi geografis, anggaran, sarana dan prasarana, perilaku tidak mendukung dari masyarakat, materi pelatihan yang terlalu banyak, hambatan di server dan aplikasi Elsimil.

This research examines what ideologies Film Television (FTv) offered during the COVID-19 pandemic and how these ideologies developed in the FTv using framing analysis and a gender perspective approach. Results indicate that there are two hidden ideologies as follows. First, the FTv production house carries a patriarchal ideology by raising themes that discriminate against women through stereotypes against women that appear in the story. Second, the FTv production house carries the ideology of feminism, with themes that position women as superordinate. Women occupy a higher social class than men. Women determine their own lives; even women have power over men. Academically, these findings are expected to add to the theoretical study in the sociology of communication and media research on how the power of knowledge in FTv affects the audience and contributes information, and enriches the development of research on gender relations and violence.

Women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) have been undermined from time to time due to female genital mutilation (FGM). Women and girls experiencing FGM in many developing countries, including Tanzania and Nigeria. The aim of this study is to investigate the problems that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, which contributed to the high rates of FGM in Tanzania and Nigeria. This study uses a qualitative method to see the prevalence of FGM in both countries which has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is supported by the Patriarchal theory of Sylvia Walby, which explains why men try to oppress and control women as figures who dominate society. The study results show that both Nigeria and Tanzania have seen an increase in FGM amid COVID-19, with school closures placing teenage girls at the highest risk of FGM. The study concludes that the government, private institutions, and other development stakeholders should work together to find solutions to assist communities and families in ending FGM. If these efforts are implemented, then the 2030 sustainable development agenda can become a reality in ending FGM in Nigeria and Tanzania.

The phenomenon that occurs in society is that many women help their husbands to earn additional income, besides that women are now able to show their existence in society. This also applies in Banyumulek Village, household women work in pottery but they also have to do domestic work at home. It is interesting to see further how the dual role of women pottery workers. Kediri District, West Lombok Regency.This research method uses a qualitative approach. The subjects in this study were women workers who worked in the pottery industry sector in Banyumulek Village, Kediri District, West Lombok Regency. Data was collected using observation, interview and documentation techniques. The data in this study were analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques, namely data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions. The study concludes showed Women who work spend more time at work so that time to meet with family members is limited, but this does not make their relationship disharmonious, but instead creates a sense of mutual understanding between family members, especially with their husbands. There is mutual awareness of each other's roles

During the Indonesian reformation era, Madurese politics began to see a notable increase in women participation. One indicator is the increasing number of female village chiefs, locally referred to as Klebun, who occupies the highest leadership position within Madurese villages. An in-depth interview with two female Klebuns and three informants revealed that female Klebun in Madura represents women and extended kinship interests in continuing dynastic politics. The female Klebun experienced a subaltern form of relationship with the largely patriarchal system they find themselves in, marked by coercion, threats, pressure and lack of freedom in their candidacy and village leadership. The lack of any communicated objections from the female population over these repressive actions is due to the strong dominance of patriarchal culture in Madurese society. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The primary data used are the results of interviews with five informants. Secondary data used consist of relevant scientific journals, articles, and books. This research is conducted under the framework of postcolonial feminism.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis resistensi perempuan tandhak Madura melalui pengalaman komunikasi di tengah relasi kuasa yang terjadi atas nama tubuhnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif denagn pendekatan Etnografi Feminis. Selain itu, teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian terhadap pengalaman komunikasi perempuan tandhak Madura di tengah relasi kuasa yang terjadi atas nama tubuhnya menunjukkan adanya resistensi yang dilakukan oleh perempuan tandhak Madura baik di lingkungan privat maupun publik. Resistensi yang dilakukan dalam bentuk umpatan dalam hati yang tidak ditunjukkan atau diketahui orang lain, penolakan yang ditunjukkan melalui tingkah laku yang kurang baik, tangisan yang tidak ditunjukkan kepada orang lain. Namun resistensi juga ada yang dilakukan dengan cara mengikuti perbuatan yang diinginkan pemilik kuasa tersebut. Hal ini bukan menunjukan kepatuhan dan tidak berdaya namun merupakan stategi agar tetap survive.

The presence of patriarchal culture can be found in most regions of Indonesia, including Bali. The patriarchal culture in Bali tends to be more rigid because of the Balinese belief that any offspring, especially men, will not only continue the responsibilities of the parents in terms of the social life of the community; however, they also expected to carry out the ceremonies of death for their parents. They are trusted to help their parents reach the creator easily. The Balinese culture has been dominated by patriarchy for a long time and has continued developing to this day. Patriarchal power is increasingly persistent when it comes to power in Bali. As a result, women in Bali are still considered subordinate creatures under the patriarchy’s control and bondage. The phenomenon of premarital pregnancy in Bali is a reflection of the new way that men dominate women. The approach used in this study is Michel Foucault’s theory of power. The method used was qualitative research with in-depth interviews with 18 informants who were native Balinese. This research was conducted in Denpasar, Singaraja, and Badung City. The results of this study found that the social reality of premarital pregnancy in the urban areas of Bali’s Island is inseparable from the influence of the social discourse behind the apparent reality. The discourse then obtains the legitimacy of truth from the family and produces new knowledge to believe the truth. In this social reality, premarital pregnancy has made Balinese women significantly disadvantaged and increasingly subordinated.

Buah lemon (Citrus limon) diketahui mengandung senyawa vitamin C yang dapat berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan penetapan kadar vitamin C pada perasan daging buah lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck) menggunakan metode ABTS.Daging buah lemon diperas dan diambil sarinya sehingga diperoleh perasan daging buah lemon. Perasan daging buah lemon diuji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode ABTS dengan spektrofotometri visibel pada panjang gelombang maksimum 730,6 nm sehingga diperoleh nilai IC50 yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan persamaan regresi linier (Y=Bx+A). Identifikasi adanya senyawa vitamin C menggunakan pereaksi KMnO4 dan penetapan kadar vitamin C menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perasan daging buah lemon memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat karena berada pada rentang 50 – 100 ppm yaitu nilai IC50 sebesar 76,83 ppm, pembanding vitamin C memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 7,81 ppm, perasan daging buah lemon mengandung senyawa vitamin C dengan kadar vitamin C sebesar 0,66 mg/g sampel.

Introduction: Rape against women, as one of sexual assaults now has been became a serius issue throughout the world in social and public health. It is a gross violation of women’s human rights, which can not be accepted from any perspectives. In the latest cases, the perpetrators of rape are conducted by adolescent or minor. These often occur and develop massively in many countries without any serious recovery on the victims. As a result, the rape assault has a profound impact on the victim personally and socially as well.Purpose: This article presents the study of the young sexual offenders’ knowledge on puberty and their sexual communication.Method: This research was qualitative toward 28 sexual perpetrators, all informants are undergoing sentences in Correctional Institutions of Bengkulu province, Indonesia. The informants were all child convicts, (aged less than 18 years) at four correctional institutions in Bengkulu province. All informants were male and aged between 16-18 years. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with informants based on interview guidelines.Results of the study: The perpetrators of sexual assault were middle adolescents who were in-between 16 to 18 years. Based on the results of analysis, it was found that there were ineffective sexual communication patterns among perpetrators, both informants, communication parents, friends, teachers and couples. Moreover, this study found inadequate puberty knowledge among sexual offenders.Research limitations: This article only describes sexual communication and knowledge on puberty, while other individual factors and social aspects are not discussed at all in this article.Originality: Based on the various results of previous studies, there are no researches have been found that specifically examines the behavior of sexual violence by minors in Bengkulu province.

Patriarchal culture is part of Malay society. However widows in Serdang Village, South Bangka gain agency in the midst of patriarchal culture. They find strategies in meeting their sexual needs after getting their agency. This study looks at how women find their agency and strategies to fulfill their sexual needs in the midst of the Serdang Village community which is still heavily associated with its Malay culture. The ethnographic research method was carried out to explore the agency of young widows in the village using Agency Theory from Lois McNay and Gayle Rubin’s thought “The Charmed Cyrcle” as an analytical knife to dissect the problems that exist in Serdang Village. This study found that young widows use strategies to fulfill their sexual needs, either by connecting with a boyfriend without getting married, watching adult videos, connecting with customers on a consensual or paid basis. This study concludes that the agency that has been built by the widows allows them to express their sexual needs freely.

Agriculture is the backbone of Kenya’s economy. The majority of the population earn their living through agricultural activities, large-scale and small-scale farming. This study seeks to reveal how the government’s COVID-19 containment measures have affected the agricultural sector and their impact on farmers’ lifestyle changes. This study employed qualitative research methods, with primary and secondary data sources, and conducted in-depth interviews with 12 farmers and agricultural producers of Gatanga Sub-county in Murang’a County, Kenya. This study shows that the farmers experienced economic shocks owing to the fluctuated farm gate prices and projected resource scarcity. In contrast, their lifestyle changed due to income decrease and adjustment of commodity priorities and socio-demographic factors. The severity of COVID-19 impact on agriculture in the Gatanga Sub-County has been doubled by crop destruction, planting delays, and heavy rains that influence scarcity of food commodities. The study recommends other research to evaluate alternative solutions to supply the county’s food outputs other than those already in co-operatives, like tea, coffee, milk, and avocados. Moreover, perhaps the question for other future researchers should now be directed toward the vulnerable families’ daily consumptions to fulfill their food needs.

This study focuses on poor women in the social environment (village) in the center of the Surabaya metropolis with classical Islamic culture and rules. Social relations and “pesantren culture” are felt in this place. For example: women must wear headscarves every day, men use koko sarongs and shirts, reading the holy verses of the Qur’an are a daily habit. In fact, elementary school children have become memorizers of the Qur’an (hafidz). This place produces “kyai” and “nyai” (saints in Javanese Islam). This study focuses on unequal gender relations between men and women so that poor women experience subordination, as well as empowerment of poor women in the Islamic community in the middle of big cities. Women, especially poor women, have very low bargaining power because of the patriarchal culture and Islamic rules there. Even though poor women help to make a living for the family, all important decisions remain with the husband (male). The methodology used is qualitative. Conduct in-depth interviews with poor women who were married in that place. Researchers also make observations about their daily activities in the community. The result, using Michel Foucault’s power relations theory analysis, found that poor women get unfair relationships every day. They always lose with their husbands in any case. They are always oppressed and subordinated. Poor women get a discourse that women are the second social class in this life. They are a male partner, not the first person. So, important decision makers in the family are always men, not women. Although women help their husbands to work outside the home, decision makers are always husbands. Poor women are also powerless in government development programs. Even though the relationship is not equal, all women accept it because it comes from God’s destiny (Allah SWT). This phenomenon is real and occurs in the center of a big city (Surabaya) which is one of the largest cities in Indonesia.

Introduction: Rape against adolescent girls, a big crime and unaccaptable whatever its forms because it isa part of human rights violation and a serious problem in reproductive health. For victims, it definitely hasprofound impact on their long-term life; socially and psychologically as well. Yet, these cases throughout theworld increase rapidly and massively, especially in developing countries. This study attempts to investigatethe etiology of rape offenders by male adolescents in Bengkulu province, Sumatra, Indonesia.Method: In this study, the researchers used qualitative method with 29 rape offenders as research informants(they were male adolescents less than 18 years). All informants are being sentenced at the 3 CorrectionalInstitutions and 1 Institute for Special Child Development (LPKA). The data were collected through semistructured interview–a technique for in-depth interview under a guidance of interview guidelines. Thus, themanuscripts of interview will be interpreted and analyzed by interrelated or intercross of sexual violencetheory.Results: The results obtained the otiology of rape offenders by male adolescents less than 18 years are causedby two factors: First, pornography exposure. Informants have been exposed by pornography exposure atvarious ages, between elementary and high school age. Second, victim of sexual assault. Informants haveever victimized of sexual violence where found that the perpretors are adult people around their life. Someforms of sexual violence, such as seduction urge to visit prostitution location, having free-sex, and watchpornographic contents through internet, gadget, and computer.Conclusion: In short, this study has set out two important findings; the rape by male adolescents less 18years are caused by past experiece of sexual assault and the role pornography exposure. Meanwhile, otherbehaviors allegedly relate to the factors of alcohol consumption and drugs abuse are not discussed in thisstudy.

Keminatan mahasiswa dalam memilih dosen pengajar ini dapat menyebabkan kesenjangan jumlah kelas sehingga ada yang overload dan ada yang kurang, tetapi hal ini sudah diantisipasi dengan quota kelas. Keminatan pemilihan dosen mengajar oleh mahasiswa dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, untuk itu perlu dilakukan analisis faktor yang mempengaruhi keminatan mahasiswa dalam memilih dosen pengajar, sehingga dari hasil analisis tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai informasi bagi dosen untuk melakukan evaluasi dan pengembangan diri. Sehingga institusi dapat memberikan dukungan untuk proses tersebut. Analisis faktor yang dilakukan menggunakan metode SAW (Simple Additive Weight) sehingga dapat diketahui faktor yang paling mempengaruhi bagi mahasiswa dalam keminatan pemilihan dosen pengajar mata kuliah sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai evaluasi. Faktor analisis yang digunakan adalah faktor proses pembelajaran dosen, pemberian materi oleh dosen, evaluasi hasil belajar oleh dosen, ketertiban dosen, perencanaan dosen. Hasil yang diperoleh dari analisis yang dilakukan terhadap studi kasus yaitu keminatan mahasiswa terhadap pemilihan dosen mengajar dipengaruhi oleh faktor kriteria evaluasi hasil belajar oleh dosen pada sub kriteria dosen transparan dan tidak pelit dalam memberikan penilaian pada mahasiswa.

Penilaian kualitas perangkat lunak berdasarkan usability diartikan sebagai proses optimasi interaksi antara pengguna dengan sistem secara interaktif sehingga pengguna mendapatkan informasi yang tepat atau menyelesaikan suatu aktivitas pada aplikasi tersebut dengan lebih baik. E-Learning merupakan proses transformasi pendidikan konvensional ke dalam bentuk digital, baik secara contents maupun sistemnya. Seiring berjalannya waktu aplikasi E-Leraning akan mengalami suatu perubahan-perubahan yang disebabkan adanya penyesuaian terhadap kebutuhan pengguna, karena adanya perbaikan atau pengembangan yang diperlukan. Maka dari itu pengukuran kualitas sebagai bentuk evaluasi aplikasi dipandang sangat penting untuk mengetahui bagian-bagian yang perlu dievaluasi. Model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model McCall dan penilaian kualitas usability dilakukan pada dua sisi yaitu sisi kualitas perangkat lunak e-learning dan sisi kualitas sistem e-learning. Faktor penilaian kualitas yang digunakan adalah faktor ketepatan (correctness), keandalan (reliability), efisiensi (efficiency), kegunaan (usability), dan pemeliharaan (maintainability). Sedangkan faktor penilaian kualitas sistem e-learning adalah Konten/Materi, Komunikasi/Kerjasama/Interaksi, Assessment, Fleksibilitas dan Adaptabilitas, Dukungan mahasiswa, dosen, dan staff. Hasil yang diperoleh pada kualitas usability perangkat lunak 76,04% dan pada sistem 77,37% dari kedua nilai tersebut menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan kategorinya “Cukup Baik”. Kata kunci: penilaian kualitas, usability, e-learning, metode McCall

Background: The economic contribution of women batik craftsmen in Tuban is relatively important in their families even though their income is below the district / city minimum wage (below the UMK). In general, women batik craftsmen in Tuban work as additional income earners, with flexible working hours that can be combined with domestic duties. Objective: This activity is to provide solutions to problems; a) Tuban batik handicraft and business is treated as a side job, not as a main job, so that it is not professionally in managing their business; b) women batik craftsmen in Tuban have social characteristics with low education and often live in economically poor conditions so that they are in a weak and vulnerable position from the socio-economic structure; c) the work welfare of women batik craftsmen in Tuban is not formally protected because batik production and business are located in a home environment which is considered as the informal sector; d) women who make Tuban batik have to play a 'multi burden' role. Methods: This activity is carried out in training and business management assistance. Results: The results of this activity are: 1) Increased awareness of women batik craftsmen for their strategic role in economic contribution to improve family welfare; 2) Increased knowledge and skills of women regarding the strategy of harmonizing roles in batik handicraft activities - batik business management with family - household management; 3) Increased knowledge and skills of women batik craftsmen regarding professionalism and management of entrepreneurship in handicrafts - batik businesses based on local wisdom. Conclusions: There was an increase in knowledge and awareness of women batik craftsmen about the strategic role of women, harmonization of women's roles and professionalism.

This research examines the underlying ideology(s) of a TV program called ‘Film Television’ (FTV). This TV program is on during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Specifically, using framing analysis and gender perspective approach as a methodology, this research analyses the ways in which these ideologies developed in FTV. Six prime samples of FTV were chosen, namely Laki-laki Buaya Darat, Cowok Gue IQ-nya Ancur Banget, Cowok Gue Pendek Bener, Pacar honorer, Ganteng-ganteng Medit, Pacar Gue Brondong. The findings reveal a thrust of twin-contrarian thrust of messaging. There are two embedded ideologies underlying the FTV. First, the FTV production house carries a patriarchal ideology by raising themes that discriminate against women through stereotypes against women that appear in the story. Second, the FTV production house carries the ideology of feminism, with themes that position women as super-ordinates. Women occupy a higher social class than men. This finding of twin-contrarian ideological thrust offers an important contribution to the gender theoretical vacuum of Indonesian TV as an example of Asian teen romanticism in national TV programming during a global crisis. It has conceptual implication on the repertoire of social science knowledge, especially sociology particularly research on womens body and beauty, sociology of gender and media, and sociology of family.

The practice of girl marriage in Indonesia has remained to this day, mainly in poor villages. This paper is intended to reveal how women who married at a young age have been victims and how the practice of girl marriage could be eliminated by using a gender mainstreaming strategy. This paper was based on research conducted in poor villages in the province of East Java, namely in Sampang Regency and Ponorogo Regency. This study is a feminist perspective research with the research subjects being women who were married at a young age, their parents, community leaders, formal leaders, and the leaders of women's organizations. The data collection techniques applied in the study were an in-depth interview technique with 20 informants and interviews using a questionnaire with 200 respondents. This study shows that the practice of early marriage is detrimental to women, since women are the victims. The study also found that implementing the gender mainstreaming strategy potentially could reduce the practice of girl marriage in poor communities.

This study aimed to classify the role of women, gender and characteristics of home-based industries that were managed by women in two cities of East Java Province. This study also tried to identify strengths, weaknesses and challenges faced by these women, especially impoverished women. The research employed qualitative method supported by quantitative data. The data collected through structured interviews guided by questionnaires and indepth interviews. Three main results were attained. First, it was related to the characteristics of women workers, the role of multi-burdened women, the flexible working hours, formal education but unrelated to work, and low income but still importantly needed to support economic condition. Second, three networks were found: network between manager/owner and workers that was informal and family-oriented, network between managers and local government for marketing and training, and network with the private sector for access to capital and business development. Third, the model of empowering small home-based industries should consider the specific needs of women. In other words, there is a requisite for practical and strategic gender needs that has to be comprehended and become the basis for the planning and development to conduct activities and programs for women.