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Lower-income consumers who seek to increase their perceived social status or to emulate their wealthier peers may be motivated to purchase conspicuous luxury goods. Using a vehicle financing dataset, we find that non-prime consumers value vehicle prestige more than the average consumer. The stronger preferences for prestige lead non-prime consumers to purchase more expensive vehicles than they otherwise would. The preferences for prestige are driven both by status signaling and peer emulation motives. Furthermore, we show that larger vehicle purchases financed by auto loans lead to worse loan performance and credit standing for non-prime consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Judging by its doctrinal publications, the UK Defence establishment stands poised to begin a process of unprecedented change. The language of 'multi-domain' thinking is prominent within this discourse and is identified as being a key vehicle via which UK Defence will deliver upon its programme of reform. This article seeks to offer an initial evaluation of these claims and to assess them in light of the burgeoning literatures on Western defence 'transformation' and military innovation that have emerged since the early 2000s. We argue that 'multi-domain' thinking reflects a form of 'cosmetic' emulation by the British Defence establishment and that its appearance within UK doctrine has been driven more by internal politics than by a clearly thought-through adoption of a new form of military practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulation models of critical systems often have parameters that need to be calibrated using observed data. For expensive simulation models, calibration is done using an emulator of the simulation model built on simulation output at different parameter settings. Using intelligent and adaptive selection of parameters to build the emulator can drastically improve the efficiency of the calibration process. The article proposes a sequential framework with a novel criterion for parameter selection that targets learning the posterior density of the parameters. The emergent behavior from this criterion is that exploration happens by selecting parameters in uncertain posterior regions while simultaneously exploitation happens by selecting parameters in regions of high posterior density. The advantages of the proposed method are illustrated using several simulation experiments and a nuclear physics reaction model.

Applying malleability to HPC systems can increase their productivity without degrading or even improving the performance of running applications. This paper presents Proteo, a configurable framework that allows to design benchmarks to study the effect of malleability on a system, and also incorporates malleability into a real application. Proteo consists of two modules: SAM allows to emulate the computational behavior of iterative scientific MPI applications, and MaM is able to reconfigure a job during execution, adjusting the number of processes, redistributing data, and resuming execution. An in-depth study of all the possibilities shows that Proteo is able to behave like a real malleable or non-malleable application in the range [0.85, 1.15]. Furthermore, the different methods defined in MaM for process management and data redistribution are analyzed, concluding that asynchronous malleability, where reconfiguration and application execution overlap, results in a 1.15 × speedup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This work studies neural modeling of nonlinear parametric audio circuits, focusing on how the diversity of settings of the target device user controls seen during training affects network generalization. To study the problem, a large corpus of training datasets is synthetically generated using SPICE simulations of two distinct devices, an analog equalizer and an analog distortion pedal. A proven recurrent neural network architecture is trained using each dataset. The difference in the datasets is in the sampling resolution of the device user controls and in their overall size. Based on objective and subjective evaluation of the trained models, a sampling resolution of five for the device parameters is found to be sufficient to capture the behavior of the target systems for the types of devices considered during the study. This result is desirable, since a dense sampling grid can be impractical to realize in the general case when no automated way of setting the device parameters is available, while collecting large amounts of data using a sparse grid only incurs small additional costs. Thus, the result provides guidance for efficient collection of training data for neural modeling of other similar audio devices.

Imitation and emulation are both important response modalities when learning new tasks. The current study tested the effects of establishing generalized imitation (GI) across missing topographies (gross motor, fine motor, multiple-step motor) on number of sessions-to-criterion for four preschoolers with developmental delays who were learning novel dressing skills. We also recorded participants' response modalities (imitative or emulative) during instruction. We used a pre- and postintervention design with a nested multiple probe design across participants. Intervention involved establishing the missing topographies using a mirror while modeling. Postintervention probes involving learning a new dressing skill from demonstration showed that the establishment of GI across multiple topographies resulted in a decrease in the number of sessions-to-criterion as well as a shift in responding during instruction from emulation to imitation for all four participants. Findings suggest that the establishment of GI across multiple topographies resulted in a new and more efficient way of learning multiple-step chained responses by observing a model in a mirror. Our results provide empirical evidence that GI meets the definition of a behavioral developmental cusp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of a Memristor in a chaotic circuit paves the way for random number generation. Across other research, authors detected, through simulation tools, the presence of monofractal/multifractal behavior of a memristorbased random number generation. Despite the novelty of the finding, the logical step to follow requires the hardware implementation of the memristor and the chaotic circuit that uses it to investigate the details, limitations, and difficulties not contemplated in the advanced simulations. In light of this objective, this article systematically reviews five memristor emulator circuits, comparing them in terms of cost and frequency of operation. This study proposes a memristor emulator circuit that uses a wave rectifier based on operational amplifiers as a nonlinear element. This memristor and a corresponding reference unit were utilized in a hardware implementation of a chaotic Chua-based circuit. The modifications that are made in conjunction with the measurements made in the laboratory provide evidence that the chaotic system obtained satisfies the essential conditions to be used in a future generator otherwise implemented in hardware that exhibits monofractal/multifractal behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a sequential optimization strategy that is increasingly employed in a wide range of areas such as materials design. In real-world applications, acquiring high-fidelity (HF) data through physical experiments or HF simulations is the major cost component of BO. To alleviate this bottleneck, multi-fidelity (MF) methods are used to forgo the sole reliance on the expensive HF data and reduce the sampling costs by querying inexpensive low-fidelity (LF) sources whose data are correlated with HF samples. However, existing multi-fidelity BO (MFBO) methods operate under the following two assumptions that rarely hold in practical applications: (1) LF sources provide data that are well correlated with the HF data on a global scale, and (2) a single random process can model the noise in the MF data. These assumptions dramatically reduce the performance of MFBO when LF sources are only locally correlated with the HF source or when the noise variance varies across the data sources. In this paper, we view these two limitations and uncertainty sources and address them by building an emulator that more accurately quantifies uncertainties. Specifically, our emulator (1) learns a separate noise model for each data source, and (2) leverages strictly proper scoring rules in regularizing itself. We illustrate the performance of our method through analytical examples and engineering problems in materials design. The comparative studies indicate that our MFBO method outperforms existing technologies, provides interpretable results, and can leverage LF sources which are only locally correlated with the HF source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This work studies neural modeling of nonlinear parametric audio circuits, focusing on how the diversity of settings of the target device user controls seen during training affects network generalization. To study the problem, a large corpus of training datasets is synthetically generated using SPICE simulations of two distinct devices, an analog equalizer and an analog distortion pedal. A proven recurrent neural network architecture is trained using each dataset. The difference in the datasets is in the sampling resolution of the device user controls and in their overall size. Based on objective and subjective evaluation of the trained models, a sampling resolution of five for the device parameters is found to be sufficient to capture the behavior of the target systems for the types of devices considered during the study. This result is desirable, since a dense sampling grid can be impractical to realize in the general case when no automated way of setting the device parameters is available, while collecting large amounts of data using a sparse grid only incurs small additional costs. Thus, the result provides guidance for efficient collection of training data for neural modeling of other similar audio devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulation models of critical systems often have parameters that need to be calibrated using observed data. For expensive simulation models, calibration is done using an emulator of the simulation model built on simulation output at different parameter settings. Using intelligent and adaptive selection of parameters to build the emulator can drastically improve the efficiency of the calibration process. The article proposes a sequential framework with a novel criterion for parameter selection that targets learning the posterior density of the parameters. The emergent behavior from this criterion is that exploration happens by selecting parameters in uncertain posterior regions while simultaneously exploitation happens by selecting parameters in regions of high posterior density. The advantages of the proposed method are illustrated using several simulation experiments and a nuclear physics reaction model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we propose a novel framework for large-scale Gaussian process (GP) modeling. Contrary to the global, and local approximations proposed in the literature to address the computational bottleneck with exact GP modeling, we employ a combined global-local approach in building the approximation. Our framework uses a subset-of-data approach where the subset is a union of a set of global points designed to capture the global trend in the data, and a set of local points specific to a given testing location to capture the local trend around the testing location. The correlation function is also modeled as a combination of a global, and a local kernel. The predictive performance of our framework, which we refer to as TwinGP, is comparable to the state-of-the-art GP modeling methods, but at a fraction of their computational cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binary code similarity analysis is extremely useful, since it provides rich information about an unknown binary, such as revealing its functionality and identifying reused libraries. Robust binary similarity analysis is challenging, as heavy compiler optimizations can make semantically similar binaries have gigantic syntactic differences. Unfortunately, existing semantic-based methods still suffer from either incomplete coverage or low accuracy. In this article, we propose ARCTURUS, a new technique that can achieve high code coverage and high accuracy simultaneously by manipulating program execution under the guidance of code reachability. Our key insight is that the compiler must preserve program semantics (e.g., dependences between code fragments) during compilation; therefore, the code reachability, which implies the interdependence between code, is invariant across code transformations. Based on the above insight, our key idea is to leverage the stability of code reachability to manipulate the program execution such that deep code logic can also be covered in a consistent way. Experimental results show that ARCTURUS achieves an average precision of 87.8% with 100% block coverage, outperforming compared methods by 38.4%, on average. ARCTURUS takes only 0.15 second to process one function, on average, indicating that it is efficient for practical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article challenges the traditional view of creativity in psychology and proposes a new perspective called "creativity as emulation." It argues that creativity is a process of emulating the work of others within a cultural context, emphasizing the role of culture and society in shaping creative processes and outcomes. The article discusses the influence of domains, historical lineages, and cultural evolution on creativity, highlighting the importance of continuity and building on existing ideas. It also explores the mechanisms of creativity, such as modification and blending, and the role of style in the creative process. The article concludes by suggesting the need for further research to understand how creators develop their ideas and the prevalence of divergent brainstorming versus emulation in the creative process. The given text is a list of references and citations from various disciplines, providing a comprehensive overview of current research and theories on creativity. [Extracted from the article]

Australia has historically been a prominent diplomatic partner for the Pacific Island countries, providing development assistance to support their social and economic progress. China gradually heightened its political and economic influence in the Pacific area by integrating the region into its Belt and Road Initiative. This development has encouraged scholars to examine Australia's diplomatic engagements in the Pacific region in response to China's growing presence. This article approaches this issue by using the concept of economic statecraft as an analytical tool. It argues that Australia's reactions to China's presence through the infusion of strategic motivations into foreign aid and the use of multilateral agreements and initiatives can be seen as positive economic statecraft with two characterizations: emulation of China's successful strategies and differentiation from Chinese approaches through the incorporation of multilateral and ideational methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double‐armed insigniae of the Carpathian type are mysterious ceremonial symbols of the Urnfields representing the connection between ideological principles in the Western Carpathians. The Horné Srnie metal hoard shows that early Lusatian mountain communities developed an emulation strategy c.1325 BCE that shifts the origins of Lusatian metallurgy roughly by one century, using the elite style of the technologically advanced Piliny culture to represent their social status. The reproduction was motivated by the effort of Lusatian warrior‐priests to maintain their authority during the period of Urnfield societal reorganization and grew into the 'homemade' production of low‐quality cast specimens from recycled materials or metallurgical residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen production is predicted to increase, and a promising solution for energy-efficient hydrogen electrolysis is reversible solid oxide cell stacks. Given the complexity and costliness of reversible solid oxide electrolysis cell stacks, this study develops a novel emulator capable of replicating their electrical behavior. By doing so, the study aims to enhance accessibility for rapid prototyping of power electronic systems. In this paper, initially, three different techniques for real-time emulation of the electrical dynamics for a reversible solid oxide electrolysis cell stack are investigated and evaluated for rapid prototyping of power electronic converter systems. An analog circuit approach is chosen as the most suitable for real-time emulation based on a multiple-criteria decision analysis. An equivalent circuit model is utilized for the analog circuit approach, following the indications of previous work using electrochemical spectroscopy data for parameterization. Furthermore, experiments were conducted to compare the electrical dynamics of the developed emulator to a mathematically validated model of a commercial reversible solid oxide electrolyzer cell stack in static, dynamic, and cyclic operation. Finally, the emulator’s effectiveness as a tool for rapid prototyping of the interfacing power electronic system is conclusively demonstrated in a case study. Specifically, the emulator is utilized to successfully prototype a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter and its accompanying control system for cyclic operation.

This paper demonstrates the first silicon-verified FBMC encoder and decoder designed to emulate beyond $224Gb/s$ wireline communication. It also compares the performance of FBMC to PAM and DMT in three steps. First, the digital power and area consumption are compared using measured results from the manufactured test chip. Second, the data rate is determined using lab-measured results. And third, the performance when subject to notched channels is analyzed using simulation results. Finally, we present a method to emulate wireline links while reducing the emulator complexity and simulation time by one to two orders of magnitude over conventional over-sampled techniques. Our analysis indicates that given a smooth channel and an SNR which enables an average spectral efficiency of $4bits/sec/Hz$ at a bit-error rate of 10-3, both DMT and FBMC perform similarly to a conventional PAM-4 link. However, when noise is reduced and a spectral notch is applied, thereby achieving an average spectral efficiency of $4.6bits/sec/Hz$ , DMT and FBMC can outperform PAM by 2.1 and 2.3 times, respectively. In addition, we estimate FBMC’s encoder and decoder power consumption at $1.53pJ/b$ and $1.98pJ/b$ , respectively, and area requirement at $0.07mm^{2}$ and $0.17mm^{2}$ , respectively, which is similar to DMT. These values are competitive with similar $22nm$ PAM transceivers, suggesting that DMT and FBMC are viable alternatives to PAM for next-generation high-speed wireline applications.

Abstract Background The rapidly growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has expanded the number of multidisease models predicting future care needs and health system priorities. Usefulness of these models depends on their ability to replicate real-life data and be readily understood and applied by public health decision-makers; yet existing simulation models of HIV comorbidities are computationally expensive and require large numbers of parameters and long run times, which hinders their utility in resource-constrained settings. Methods We present a novel, user-friendly emulator that can efficiently approximate complex simulators of long-term HIV and NCD outcomes in Africa. We describe how to implement the emulator via a tutorial based on publicly available data from Kenya. Emulator parameters relating to incidence and prevalence of HIV, hypertension and depression were derived from our own agent-based simulation model and other published literature. Gaussian processes were used to fit the emulator to simulator estimates, assuming presence of noise for design points. Bayesian posterior predictive checks and leave-one-out cross validation confirmed the emulator’s descriptive accuracy. Results In this example, our emulator resulted in a 13-fold (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 8–22) improvement in computing time compared to that of more complex chronic disease simulation models. One emulator run took 3.00 seconds (95% CI: 1.65–5.28) on a 64-bit operating system laptop with 8.00 gigabytes (GB) of Random Access Memory (RAM), compared to > 11 hours for 1000 simulator runs on a high-performance computing cluster with 1500 GBs of RAM. Pareto k estimates were 10 year) period, estimate longer-term prevalence of other co-occurring conditions (e.g., postpartum depression among women living with HIV), and project the impact of nationally-prioritized interventions such as national health insurance schemes and differentiated care models.

Software Defined Networking is a paradigm in network architecture; that is quickly becoming commonplace in modern telecommunication systems. It facilitates network customization for the requirements of different applications and simplifies the implementation of new services. Since its proposal, a significant evolution in its functionality has occurred. However, this development brought along problems of efficiency and performance, which are currently under research. A number of requirements has to be met, if Software Defined Networking is going to be the next step in the Next-Generation Networks progression. The central part of it – the SDN controller – has to put minimum strain on the system and provide performance which does not impede Quality of Service requirements. In this paper, the results of a research on SDN controller’s performance have been provided in the context of keeping up with flows’ QoS. For this, an emulated-physical research platform has been implemented. This research environment utilizes traffic generated accordingly to ITU-T recommendations to validate QoS parameters. The platform is given a thorough description. The results obtained from it take under consideration the implemented traffic sources, as well as the intensity of traffic handled by the controller and the traffic load of data plane links. Authors indicate that even without breaking the limitations set for delays in QoS, the impact of the controller workload is noticeable, which should be mitigated by applying appropriate resource control.

This is a guest editorial introducing a special issue on 'Exemplars and Emulation in Moral Education' which contains contributions from 10 multidisciplinary authors. Representing the state of the art in the discourse, this editorial elucidates several new themes pertaining to it, before outlining each contribution in relation to said themes. In light of David Carr's recent objections to role modelling, it is then argued that these contributions provide a possible collective response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to offer a new perspective on role modelling by examining adolescents' own efforts to lead a morally virtuous life. While traditional approaches to moral education emphasize the importance of teachers as role models, this study proposes a shift in focus towards adolescents' own role models. Drawing on the philosophical concept of moral self-cultivation and psychological insights on identity development and social cognitive learning, it is argued that adolescents have the ability to cultivate their moral character by emulating others. However, empirical evidence suggests that adolescents often do not perceive teachers as their role models. Consequently, moral educational theories are advised to demand less of teachers as role models. Teachers could invest more time in understanding students' personal role models and encourage them to compare these role models with their own behavior. By acknowledging and addressing students' role models, teachers can facilitate the moral self-cultivation of adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A foundational principle of neo-Aristotelian character education is that virtue can be cultivated, in particular through the emulation of moral role models, such as teachers. Yet despite the pedagogical appeal of role modelling, what emulation involves remains methodologically unclear. In this paper, I suggest that part of this ambiguity lies in a category mistake: the misconceptualisation of emulation as a mere emotion, rather than, as I argue, a virtue in its own right. Predominantly composed of virtuous emotion and necessarily entailing virtuous action, I propose a componential account of the virtue of emulation which I synthesise with Aristotle's theory of "four causes". Through doing so, I make visible how emulation operates in different ways depending on one's degree of phronetic development and suggest a new concept—entangled phronesis—as the mechanism underpinning emulation. I then consider what these insights illuminate about role modelling in classroom contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In traditional art history, early modern pattern books and the closely related genre of the ornament print are rarely associated with the kind of autonomous invention encapsulated in the concept of disegno. However, by looking through the lens of several fifteenth and sixteenth century printed design resources, including Giovanni Antonio Tagliente's Esempio di raccammi (1527) and the Kunstbüchlin (1538) of Heinrich Vogtherr the Elder and his son, this essay aims to demonstrate that there is strong foundational overlap between these two divergent products of the Renaissance. Rather than instilling among artists a culture of slavish copying, the production and increased access to (printed) variant designs facilitated the generation of ideas that were suggested by, but lay well beyond the scope of the printed page. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This theoretical study delves into the dynamics of housing submarkets with the framework of Marxian land rents. It examines the relationship between residential spaces and the reproduction of labour power in terms of commuting and the differentiated quality of reproduction by submarket. This study shows that the differentiation process of venturing to create distinct spaces for surplus profit and the emulation process of copycatting spaces of higher rents consequently form multiple housing submarkets, each characterised by different land rents of monopoly, intra‐differential rent (intra‐DR) and inter‐differential rent (inter‐DR). The coexistence of these multiple layers of land rents, in turn, becomes a driving force propelling dynamic capital movements that seek to exploit rent gaps between the layers. To illustrate these concepts, the study reviews the case of high‐rise mixed‐use residential developments in Seoul, highlighting the dual dynamic processes through which land rents are pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The rapidly growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has expanded the number of multidisease models predicting future care needs and health system priorities. Usefulness of these models depends on their ability to replicate real-life data and be readily understood and applied by public health decision-makers; yet existing simulation models of HIV comorbidities are computationally expensive and require large numbers of parameters and long run times, which hinders their utility in resource-constrained settings. Methods: We present a novel, user-friendly emulator that can efficiently approximate complex simulators of long-term HIV and NCD outcomes in Africa. We describe how to implement the emulator via a tutorial based on publicly available data from Kenya. Emulator parameters relating to incidence and prevalence of HIV, hypertension and depression were derived from our own agent-based simulation model and other published literature. Gaussian processes were used to fit the emulator to simulator estimates, assuming presence of noise for design points. Bayesian posterior predictive checks and leave-one-out cross validation confirmed the emulator's descriptive accuracy. Results: In this example, our emulator resulted in a 13-fold (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 8–22) improvement in computing time compared to that of more complex chronic disease simulation models. One emulator run took 3.00 seconds (95% CI: 1.65–5.28) on a 64-bit operating system laptop with 8.00 gigabytes (GB) of Random Access Memory (RAM), compared to > 11 hours for 1000 simulator runs on a high-performance computing cluster with 1500 GBs of RAM. Pareto k estimates were < 0.70 for all emulations, which demonstrates sufficient predictive accuracy of the emulator. Conclusions: The emulator presented in this tutorial offers a practical and flexible modelling tool that can help inform health policy-making in countries with a generalized HIV epidemic and growing NCD burden. Future emulator applications could be used to forecast the changing burden of HIV, hypertension and depression over an extended (> 10 year) period, estimate longer-term prevalence of other co-occurring conditions (e.g., postpartum depression among women living with HIV), and project the impact of nationally-prioritized interventions such as national health insurance schemes and differentiated care models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was recently found that not only tool-specialized New Caledonian crows, but also Goffin cockatoos can manufacture physical objects in accordance with a mental template. That is, they can emulate features of existing objects when they manufacture new items. Both species spontaneously ripped pieces of card into large strips if they had previously learned that a large template was rewarded, and small strips when they previously learned that a small template was rewarded. Among New Caledonian crows, this cognitive ability was suggested as a potential mechanism underlying the transmission of natural tool designs. Here, we tested for the same ability in another non-specialised tool user–Hooded crows (Corvus cornix). Crows were exposed to pre-made template objects, varying first in colour and then in size, and were rewarded only if they chose pre-made objects that matched the template. In subsequent tests, birds were given the opportunity to manufacture versions of these objects. All three crows ripped paper pieces from the same colour material as the rewarded template, and, crucially, also manufactured objects that were more similar in size to previously rewarded, than unrewarded, templates, despite the birds being rewarded at random in both tests. Therefore, we found the ability to manufacture physical objects relative to a mental template in yet another bird species not specialized in using or making foraging tools in the wild, but with a high level of brain and cognitive development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most relevant problems today is to increase security and safety of computation and data without incurring in relevant performance loss. This is especially important in compute intensive areas such as cloud computing and mobile devices. This work recalls some relevant security aspects that plague hardware and software and explores state-of-the-art solutions to help ensure improved isolation and security. One possible approach involves leveraging advanced abstract machines that can help balance safety, security, and performance requirements. As such, this work investigates the latest open source approaches and technologies related to emulation and evaluates real-world application performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his most recent book “Leituras Desauratizadas: Tempos Precários, Ensaios Provisórios,” João Cezar de Castro Rocha talks about some of the authors and topics that have emerged as most central in his work over the past two decades: about Machado de Assis and about Shakespeare, about cultural journalism and chess, about museums and about the present state of Literary Criticism. But in spite of the innovative perspectives that he wrests from his subject matters, the book is above all a quest for new forms, more precisely a quest and an experiment about new forms of writing through which Literary Criticism and the Humanities at large could, in the future, engage with a new extra-academic readership and thus also make a (perhaps decisive) contribution toward their own institutional and intellectual survival.

Marvell’s commendations of Milton prove him a perceptive critic of the Latin prose and the epic verse. Not merely summarizing the content or intoning conventional praise, he invents a structural or architectonic mode of reading, articulates a subjective and emotional reader-response, connects Milton and the sublime for the first time, and evokes ancient models particularly significant for Milton. The 1654 letter comparing Milton’s Defensio Secunda to Trajan’s Column, turning and simultaneously rising to a higher “Scale,” endorses Milton’s own claim that it is a canonical work of epic stature. Marvell’s architectural imagery, expanded from Milton’s own Areopagitica, applies also to Cromwell’s use of dissidents as cross-bracing, “Fastening the Contignation which they thwart.” The commendatory poem to the 1674 edition of Paradise Lost again incorporates what seems at first to “thwart” the whole project. Here the significant intertext is De Rerum Natura by the notorious “atheist” Lucretius – the “strong” but dangerous poet who had already done what Marvell fears Milton might do: “ruin the sacred Truths.” Lucretian allusion expands to define the emotional and aesthetic impact of Paradise Lost, anticipating the “terror without danger” at the core of Burke’s Sublime. (The key-word “sublime” becomes the end-rhyme of Marvell’s penultimate line.) Lucretius, awestruck by his philosophical mentor Epicurus ,is “seized by divina voluptas and horror”; Marvell, yielding to the contradictory “gravity and ease” of Milton’s poetry but also asserting his own aesthetic, exclaims that “at once delight and horror on us seize.”

This article explores modeling and emulation as pivotal approaches to assist the life cycle stages of a machine-building plant, from design and implementation to operation and existing system optimization. It demonstrates that an emulation model, constructed based on the production constructive components, serves as a crucial tool for strategic decision-making and enterprise structure development at the initial design stage. This enables the creation of an adaptive system for growth and optimization of both its individual components and structural framework. The novel approach to implementing Manufacturing Execution System (MES) production management software through an emulation model allows for effective testing and refinement before actual deployment. This reduces the risks associated with discrepancies between theoretical and practical models and permits the testing of multiple potential scenarios, thereby lowering overall resource costs for evaluating various options. The article also describes an innovative training approach for personnel using an "almost live" educational environment, simplifying the optimization processes of the production environment, particularly in relation to staff and enterprise management structure. The significance of a systemic approach to operator training is emphasized, along with the implementation of an emulation approach for optimizing the operation of the machine-building plant during utilization and optimization stages. The prospects and avenues for integrating the principle of emulation models and Manufacturing Execution System (MES) software into the life cycle of engineering production are outlined.

More attention has been given to the computational cost associated with the fitting of an emulator. Substantially less attention is given to the computational cost of using that emulator for prediction. This is primarily because the cost of fitting an emulator is usually far greater than that of obtaining a single prediction, and predictions can often be obtained in parallel. In many settings, especially those requiring Markov Chain Monte Carlo, predictions may arrive sequentially and parallelization is not possible. In this case, using an emulator procedure which can produce accurate predictions efficiently can lead to substantial time savings in practice. In this paper, we propose a global model approximate Gaussian process framework via extension of a popular local approximate Gaussian process (laGP) framework. Our proposed emulator can be viewed as a treed Gaussian process where the leaf nodes are laGP models, and the tree structure is learned greedily as a function of the prediction stream. The suggested method (called leapGP) has interpretable tuning parameters which control the time‐memory trade‐off. One reasonable choice of settings leads to an emulator with a O(N2) training cost and makes predictions rapidly with an asymptotic amortized cost of O(N). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the Dutch West Indies Company (WIC) established the free port of Willemstad, Curaçao after 1674, they launched a model for economic competition that other European empires would emulate. Within a century, the Danish, Spanish, British, and French all established their own Caribbean free ports. Emulation, however, was not replication. This article argues that while the expansion of free ports into different Caribbean empires generated similar forms of economic dualism (prohibitive commercial systems in certain locales with more-open ones in others), they all served varying purposes. The Dutch and Danish maintained or expanded their free-port systems and utilised strategic neutrality to remain active players within an increasingly competitive economic arena. Britain wanted to extend its commercial empire by making foreign realms dependent on its trade. France sought to pacify recalcitrant planters desperate for reliable provisioning. Finally, Spain enacted free ports in Santo Domingo to supply and encourage settlement in a region threatened by French encroachments. Thus, although these empires all established free ports in strategic locales and jealously emulated each other, they did so with unique political-economic aims in mind. Meanwhile, merchants, enslaved Africans, sailors, settlers, and European intellectuals employed Caribbean free ports to accomplish their own ends as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging nonvolatile memories (NVMs), such as spin transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) and racetrack memory (RTM), offer a promising solution to satisfy the memory and performance requirements of modern applications. Compared to the commonly utilized volatile static random-access memories (SRAMs), the NVMs provide better capacity and energy efficiency. However, many of these NVMs are still in the development phases and require proper evaluation in order to evaluate the impact of their use at the system level. Therefore, there is a need to design functional- and cycleaccurate simulators/emulators to evaluate the performance of these memory technologies. To this end, this work focuses on implementing a RISC-V-based emulation platform for evaluating NVMs. The proposed framework provides interfaces to integrate various types of NVMs, with RTMs and STT-RAMs used as test cases. The efficacy of the framework is evaluated by executing benchmark applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We harness the power of Bayesian emulation techniques, designed to aid the analysis of complex computer models, to examine the structure of complex Bayesian analyses themselves. These techniques facilitate robust Bayesian analyses and/or sensitivity analyses of complex problems, and hence allow global exploration of the impacts of choices made in both the likelihood and prior specification. We show how previously intractable problems in robustness studies can be overcome using emulation techniques, and how these methods allow other scientists to quickly extract approximations to posterior results corresponding to their own particular subjective specification. The utility and flexibility of our method is demonstrated on a reanalysis of a real application where Bayesian methods were employed to capture beliefs about river flow. We discuss the obvious extensions and directions of future research that such an approach opens up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embedded devices are pervasive nowadays with the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT). This brings significant security issues that make the security analysis of embedded devices important. This paper presents a survey on the security analysis research of embedded devices. First, we analyze the embedded device types and their operating systems. Then, we describe a major dynamic security analysis method for an embedded device, i.e., simulating the firmware of the embedded device and performing fuzzing on the web interface provided by the firmware. Third, we discuss some other issues in embedded security analysis, such as analyzing the attack surface, applying static analysis, and performing large-scale analysis. Based on these analyses, we finally conclude three challenges in the current research and present our insights for future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new theory of emulation – the method by which one learns from moral role models – is emerging through the combined efforts of philosophers, psychologists and educationists. Using a previous argument reconceptualising emulation as a moral virtue as a philosophical springboard, in this paper, I extend this theory by building a more robust case for how emulation qua role modelling works in practice through direct appeal to Aristotle's account of causation: the four causes. Historically revered for their explanatory power, I argue that reconstructing the four causes and synthesising them with emulation enables us to better comprehend it as a quadripartite causal process. Through doing so, I propose that emulation is driven by 'entangled phronesis ' – a mechanism which enables immature moral learners to acquire virtue by sharing in the phronesis, that is, practical wisdom, of a role model. Since the degree of entanglement depends upon a learner's phase of virtuous character development, I also divide emulation into two types: pre-phronetic 'habituated emulation' and phronetically-informed 'complete emulation'. Combined with my four-causal account of emulation, these concepts represent a novel contribution to neo-Aristotelian character developmental theory and help explain – step-by-step – the method by which one potentially acquires moral virtue and phronesis from moral role models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]