Search

The aim of the present study is to adapt the Sport Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (Sport MHC-SF) into Turkish and to examine its psychometric properties. The research was carried out in three stages: the translation of the scale into Turkish, validity and reliability. As a result of the factor analysis performed with 254 (Mage=21.96, SD=4.49) student-athletes, the goodness of fit indices were appropriate. The Mental Health Continuum Short Form, which was included for the convergent validity study, was moderately positively correlated with Sport MHC-SF. The item-total correlations were moderate and strong, and the Spearman-Brown split-half correlation result was fairly high. Sport MHC-SF (α=.922), Sport Subjective Well-Being (α=.833), Sport Social Well Being (α=.857), and Sport Psychological Well-Being (α=.857) subscales demonstrated fairly high internal consistency. Two-weeks interval test-retest reliability showed that the scale was consistent over time. Consequently, Sport MHC-SF is a valid and reliable measurement tool, consisting of three subscales, Sport Subjective Well-Being, Sport Psychological Well-Being, and Sport Social Well-Being, and 14 items., Bu çalışmanın amacı, Sporcu Ruh Sağlığı Sürekliliği-Kısa Formu’nun (SRSS-KF) Türkçeye uyarlanması ve psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma, ölçeğin Türkçeye çevrilmesi, geçerlik ve güvenirlik olmak üzere üç aşamada yürütülmüştür. 254 (Myaş=21.96, SS=4.49) üniversiteli sporcu ile gerçekleştirilen faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin uyum iyiliği indekslerinin yeterli olduğu görülmüştür. Benzer ölçek geçerliği çalışması amacıyla dahil edilen Ruh Sağlığı Sürekliliği Kısa Formu, SRSS-KF ile orta düzeyde pozitif yönde ilişkilidir. Madde toplam korelasyonlarının orta ve güçlü düzeyde, Spearman-Brown iki yarım test korelasyonun oldukça yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ölçeğin geneli (α=.922), Sporda Öznel İyi Oluş (α=.833), Sporda Sosyal İyi Oluş (α=.840) ve Sporda Psikolojik İyi Oluş (α=.857) alt ölçekleri için Cronbach’s alpha iç tutarlık katsayıları oldukça yüksektir. İki hafta aralıklı olarak uygulanan test-tekrar test sonucunda ölçeğin zamana karşı tutarlı olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, Sporda Öznel İyi Oluş, Sporda Psikolojik İyi Oluş, Sporda Sosyal İyi Oluş olmak üzere üç alt boyutlu ve 14 maddeli SRSS-KF geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracıdır.

Bu araştırma, kadın voleybolcularda bilinçli farkındalık ile yarışma kaygısı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Türkiye’deki çeşitli illerde Sultanlar Ligi’nden 36 sporcu, Kadınlar 1. Ligi’nden 87 sporcu olmak üzere toplamda 123 kadın voleybolcu (Ortyaş= 24.38±5.03) Sporcu Bilinçli Farkındalık Ölçeği ve Sporda Yarışma Kaygısı Ölçeği – Yetişkin Formu’na çevrimiçi ortamda gönüllü olarak yanıt vermişlerdir. İstatistiksel analizde SPSS 23 kullanılmıştır. Veriler, normallik sınaması sonrasında Pearson korelasyonu ve çoklu lineer regresyon yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; kadın voleybolcularda bilinçli farkındalık ve yarışma kaygısı arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bilinçli farkındalığın yarışma kaygısının negatif yönde anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu ve “farkındalık, yargılamama ve yeniden odaklanma” alt boyutlarıyla birlikte yarışma kaygısının %15’ini açıkladığı görülmüştür. Kesitsel desende tasarlanmış olan bu araştırmada nedensel bir çıkarımda bulunmak mümkün olmasa da mevcut araştırma grubunda bilinçli farkındalık, yarışma kaygısı için etkili bir yol olabilir. Bu olasılığı test etmek için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Killham, Mosewich, Mack, Gunnell ve Ferguson (2018) tarafından geliştirilen Sporcu Öz Şefkat Ölçeği’nin kısa formunu oluşturarak Türkçeye uyarlamak ve psikometrik özelliklerini incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda, ölçeğin dilsel eşdeğerlik çalışması, açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA), doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) ve ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlik çalışması yapılmıştır. Güvenirlik amacıyla Cronbach’s alpha iç tutarlık katsayısı ve test-tekrar test yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Dilsel eşdeğerlik çalışması sonucuna göre, İngilizce ve Türkçe formlar arasındaki uyum iyi düzeydedir (ICC=.806). Faktör analizi amacıyla 205 sporcu çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir (Yaşort=22.70, SS=6.09, %62.9 erkek, %36.6 kadın, %0.5 kendini kadın ya da erkek olarak tanımlamayan). AFA sonucunda maddelere ait faktör yüklerinin .582-.845 arasında, madde-ölçek korelasyon değerlerinin ise .411-.633 arasında olduğu görülmüştür. İkinci düzey DFA neticesinde ölçeğin iki alt bileşenden oluşan tek faktörlü bir yapı gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Uyum iyiliği indekslerinin kabul edilebilir ya da iyi uyum aralığında olduğu görülmüştür (RMSEA=.063, SRMR=.058, GFI =.933, AGFI=.902). Sporcu Öz Şefkat Ölçeği-Kısa Formu, Sporcu Bilinçli Farkındalık Ölçeği ve Öz Şefkat Ölçeği ile pozitif yönde ilişkilidir. Ölçek, güvenilir düzeyde iç tutarlık göstermiştir (α=849). İki hafta aralıklı olarak uygulanan ölçeğin sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısı mükemmel düzeydedir (ICC=.980). En nihayetinde, 12 maddelik tek faktörlü Sporcu Öz Şefkat Ölçeği-Kısa Formu’nun geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

The current study seeks to investigate the link between mindfulness, static and dynamic balance among elite athletes. 77 elite athletes (Mage=19.03 years, SD = 3.00) completed a Demographic Information Form and the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport. In addition, Y Balance Test and Flamingo Test were used for balance measurements. Simple correlation analysis indicated that overall mindfulness was not significantly related to dynamic and static balance. However, the awareness subscale of mindfulness was negatively correlated with dynamic balance. In addition, the results of the regression showed that the awareness subscale of mindfulness significantly predicted dynamic balance. Findings suggest that awareness, albeit low, may be an important predictor of dynamic balance in elite athletes.

The present study aims to determine whether mindfulness shows a significant difference based on the male soccer players' amateur/ professional status, position, playing experience, history of receiving mentorship, psychological performance counselling or therapy from a sports psychologist, and status of performing mental training. The study was carried out with 233 adult male soccer players and the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport and Personal Information Form was applied to the participants. As a result of the study, it was found that professional soccer players had higher mindfulness levels compared to amateur soccer players. It was observed that mindfulness levels differed in favor of soccer players who received mentorship or psychological performance counselling, performed mental training and had more experience in sports. It was also observed that attackers had higher mindfulness levels compared to midfielders., El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar si la atención plena muestra una diferencia significativa en función del estado amateur / profesional de los jugadores de fútbol masculino, la posición, la experiencia de juego, el historial de recibir tutoría, asesoramiento o terapia de rendimiento psicológico de un psicólogo deportivo y el estado de realización de entrenamiento mental. El estudio se realizó con 233 jugadores de fútbol varones adultos y se aplicó a los participantes el Inventario de Mindfulness para el Deporte y el Formulario de Información Personal. Como resultado del estudio, se encontró que los jugadores de fútbol profesionales tenían niveles más altos de atención en comparación con los jugadores de fútbol aficionados. Se observó que los niveles de mindfulness difirieron a favor de los futbolistas que recibieron tutoría o asesoramiento psicológico de desempeño, realizaron entrenamiento mental y tenían más experiencia en deportes. También se observó que los atacantes tenían mayores niveles de atención en comparación con los mediocampistas., Universidad Pablo de Olavide

The effect mechanism of mindfulness on athletic performance is still trying to be understood. In the present study, we examined the mediating role of depression, anxiety, and stress in the relationship between mindfulness and self-rated performance.Three hundred sixty-three student-athletes (61.2% male, 38.2% female, M-age = 21.47, SD = 3.30) were asked to fill the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and the Self-rated Performance Questionnaire. While mindfulness was positively related to athletic performance, it was negatively related to depression, anxiety, and stress. The relationship between mindfulness and athletic performance was partially mediated by depression, anxiety, and stress. While the cross-sectional design does not permit causal inferences, these findings raise the possibility, in this population, that mindfulness may positively affect perceived performance by reducing depression, anxiety, and stress.

The present study aims to the examination of mindfulness and impulsiveness in university student-athletes in terms of sports injury development history. A total of 181 athletes, 56 female, and 125 males, were included in the study. The Sociodemographic Information Form, the short form of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport were applied to the participants. In conclusion, the athletes with a history of injuring another athlete had a higher score average in impulsiveness scale. The total scores from the overall mindfulness inventory did not differ significantly based on the status of having injured another athlete. It was observed that the athletes who experienced severe injury had a lower score average in the overall impulsiveness scale compared to the athletes who experienced a moderate injury. No significant difference was observed in the score averages from the overall mindfulness scale based on injury severity. Among the most notable results of the present study are the positive relationship between motor impulsiveness and injury frequency and the negative relationship between mindfulness and the total of the impulsivity scale and all its sub-dimensions.

This article investigates the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on elite athletes, their management strategies, and post-pandemic athletic performance expectations. Based on a purposive and snowball sampling technique eighteen elite athletes were interviewed online. The questioning includes thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in the pandemic process. Most athletes have concerns regarding the future (31.5%) and gained self-awareness (26.3%). 40% of athletes have been struggling with anxiety, however, 40.47 % of whom doing physical training at home while 33.33% of those are into mental training. Besides, 72.22% of athletes expect to lower their post-pandemic athletic performance. As a result of the study, most elite athletes have been going through anxiety about future enigma related to both sports environment and athletic performance. They mostly were able to overcome the process by doing physical and mental training at home. Most of them have expected to lower their athletic performance after getting back to the field., Este artículo investiga el impacto psicológico de la pandemia de COVID-19 en los atletas de élite, sus estrategias de manejo y sus expectativas de rendimiento post pandemia. Basadoen una técnica de muestreo intencional y bola de nieve, 18 atletas de élite fueron entrevistados en línea. El cuestionamiento involucró sus pensamientos, emociones y comportamiento en el período de la pandemia. La mayoría de los atletas tienen inquietudescon respecto al futuro (31.5%) y han aumentado su autoconciencia (26.3%). No obstante, el 40% de los atletas han estado luchando contra la ansiedad, con el 40.47% de ellos haciendo entrenamiento físico en casa, mientras que el 33.33% realiza entrenamientomental. Además, el 72.22% de los atletas esperan un desempeño atlético post pandemia más bajo. En consecuencia, la mayoría de los atletas de élite han estado sufriendo ansiedad como resultado de la preocupación por la situación actual y el rendimiento posterior a la situación y el entorno deportivo de entonces. En general, han podido manejar la situación haciendo entrenamiento físico y mental en casa. La mayoría anticipa una disminución en el rendimiento atlético después de regresar al campo., Universidad Pablo de Olavide

The present study aims to examine the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between the cognitive flexibility and irrational performance beliefs of university student-athletes. 142 student-athletes from Gazi University Faculty of Sports Sciences were included in the study. The Mindfulness Inventory for Sport, the Irrational Performance Beliefs Inventory-2 and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory were used as data collection tools. SPSS 25 was used to examine the relationship between descriptive statistics and variables. CFA, SEM and Bootstrap tests were carried out through AMOS 24. In conclusion, it was observed that non-judgment, which is a sub-dimension of mindfulness, had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between cognitive flexibility and irrational performance beliefs.

Objectives A mindful athlete observes what is happening as it is without judgment. An athlete with self-compassion, on the other hand, comprehends this mindful attitude with kindness and recognizes it as a common element of humanity. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the associations between mindfulness and self-compassion as well as evaluate within the context of athletic performance. Methods Two hundred thirty-seven student-athletes (M-age = 21.74, SD = 4.04) completed the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Personal Best Athletic Result. Results Mindfulness was positively correlated with self-compassion, In addition, while the self-compassion levels of athletes did not differ based on their athletic ranking, athletes who achieved national ranking had a significantly higher score average in the non-judgment sub-dimension of mindfulness compared to the athletes with no ranking. Conclusion Although it is not to possible draw causal relationships, findings suggest that more mindful student-athletes are more self-compassionate. Athletes with national ranking demonstrated a less judgmental attitude compared to athletes with no ranking.

In the present study, the mediating and moderating role of self-compassion in the relationship between mindfulness and happiness was examined through Structural Equation Modeling in student-athletes. Three hundred sixty-three individual and team-sport athletes (63.9% male; 35.8% female; 0.3% non-binary, M-age = 21.51 SD = 3.33) participating in the study were asked to fill out the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. There were significant positive correlations between mindfulness, self-compassion, and happiness. Structural equation modeling revealed that self-compassion did not have a moderator role in the relationship between mindfulness and happiness. On the other hand, self-compassion played a fully mediating role in the relationship between mindfulness and happiness in student-athletes. While these are correlational data that do not permit causal inferences, these findings raise the possibility, in this population, that advances a better understanding of the impact mechanism of mindfulness on happiness.

In the present study, we examined the relationship between mindfulness and rumination among student-athletes. Ninety-seven young adult student-athletes (38.1% female, 61.9% male; Mage = 22.52, SD = 3.53) completed both the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport and the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire. Among these participants, we observed a significant positive correlation between rumination and the awareness sub-dimension of mindfulness. We also observed significant negative correlations between rumination and two scores from the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport: non-judgment and overall mindfulness. Awareness, non-judgment, and mindfulness were all significant predictors of rumination in a linear regression analysis. While these are correlational data that do not permit causal inferences, these findings raise the possibility, in this population, that awareness triggers ruminative thoughts and overall mindfulness might represent a coping tool for rumination. Further research is needed to test this possibility.

TINGAZ, Emre Ozan/0000-0002-7048-2055; BAYRAKTAR, ISIK/0000-0003-1001-5348; BULGAY, Celal/0000-0003-4026-9883 WOS: 000553268800002 In the present study, the mindfulness levels of track and field (athletics) athletes were evaluated based on variables such as branch of sports (sprints, middle-distance, jumps and throws), gender, age, national athlete status, personel best record and athletic experience. 213 certified athletes (67 female-22.6% and 146 male-49.3%) competing at the national and international level in the branches of sprints, middle-distance, jumps and throws as part of different clubs affiliated to the Turkish Athletic Federation in the year 2020 and performing regular training at least 6 days a week voluntarily participated in the study. In the present cross-sectional study, the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS) developed by Thienot et al. (2014) and adapted to Turkish by Tingaz (2020c) was used. Data collection was carried out online through Google Forms. The independent t-test and the one-way analysis of variance were used in the evaluation of data. Based on the findings of the present study, it was determined that the athletes with high performance had higher mindfulness levels. Additionally, it was found that the national athletes and the athletes with high training experience had higher mindfulness levels in different sub-dimensions and in terms of the gender variable, the mindfulness levels of the female participants were higher. It is also notable that the athletes who perform mental training had higher mindfulness levels compared to those who do not. In the evaluation based on branches, it was observed that the sprinters were more competent in the refocusing sub-dimension compared to the athletes in all other branches. The findings obtained in the present study indicated that mindfulness can be affected by different variables. However, considering that the most important goal for athletes is to improve their performance, it is important for them to be aware of the positive effects of mindfulness. Based on this, it can be suggested for athletes to include mindfulness exercises in their training program and develop this approach as much as possible in order to support their athletic performance.

The objective of the current study was to adaptthe Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS) developed by Thienot et al. intoTurkish on a group of university student-athletes. For the linguisticequivalence study, initially, the English-Turkish and Turkish-Englishtranslations were done by experts, then the master students in the EnglishLanguage Teaching Department, 4th-grade students of English TeachingDepartment, and English teachers were incorporated in the study. Correlationsbetween English-Turkish and Turkish-English forms applied at two-week intervalswere found to be positive and significant. As a result of exploratory andconfirmatory factor analyses applied to determine the factor structure of theMIS, it was observed that the original structure of 15 items consisting ofawareness, non-judgmental, and refocusing subscales was similar. In order toensure parallel forms of validity, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)was used. A significant correlation was found between MIS and MAAS at .64 (p, Bu çalışmanın amacı,Thienot ve ark. (2014) tarafından geliştirilen Sporcu Bilinçli Farkındalık(Mindfulness) Ölçeğini (SBFÖ) üniversiteli sporculardan oluşan bir grupüzerinde Türkçeye uyarlamaktır. Dilsel eşdeğerlik çalışması için öncelikleİngilizce-Türkçe ve Türkçe-İngilizce çevirileri uzmanlar tarafından yapılmış,ardından İngiliz Dili Eğitimi Bölümünde yüksek lisans yapan öğrenciler,İngilizce Öğretmenliği 4. sınıf öğrencileri ve İngilizce öğretmenleri çalışmayadahil edilmiştir. İki hafta araylauygulanan İngilizce-Türkçe ve Türkçe-İngilizce formlar arasındaki korelasyonlarpozitif ve anlamlı bulunmuştur. SBFÖ’nün faktör yapısını belirlemek içinuygulanan açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri sonucunda; farkındalık,yargılamama ve yeniden odaklanma olmak üzere 3 boyutlu 15 maddelik orijinalyapısını koruduğu görülmüştür. SBFÖ’nin ölçüt eş değer formlar geçerliğinisağlamak için Bilinçli Farkındalık Ölçeği (BİFÖ) ölçüt alınmıştır. SBFÖ ileBİFÖ arasında .64 (p

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 8 haftalık mat Pilates egzersizinin sağlıklı yetişkin kadınlarda düşünme stilleri, psikososyal uyum ile mizaç ve karakter üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu doğrultuda, yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya, 19-39 yaşları arasında, 20 deney 22 kontrol grubundan oluşan, 42 gönüllü katılmıştır. Psikososyal uyumu ölçmek için, Hacettepe Kişilik Envanteri, düşünme stillerini ölçmek için, Rasyonel-Yaşantısal Düşünme Stilleri Ölçeği ve mizaç ve karakteri ölçmek için ise Mizaç ve Karakter Envanteri, fiziksel aktivite düzeyini ölçmek için Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi kullanılmıştır. SPSS 23 kullanılarak yapılan analizlerde; bağımlı örneklem t-testi, Ki-Kare, Shapiro Wilk ve Mann Whitney U, Wilcoxon işaretli sıralar testi kullanılmış ve anlamlılık düzeyi 0.05 olarak kurgulanmıştır. 8 hafta sonunda yapılan ölçümler sonucunda, düşünme stilleri açısından ne kontrol grubunda ne de deney grubunda istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir değişme meydana gelmemiştir. Hacettepe kişilik envanterinin sonuçları kontrol grubu için incelendiğinde; kişisel uyum, kendini gerçekleştirme, duygusal kararlılık, psikotik belirtiler, nevrotik eğilimler, sosyal ilişkiler, sosyal normlar ve anti sosyal eğilimleri istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir değişime göstermemiştir. Kontrol grubu katılımcılarının cevaplarıyla oluşturulan, sosyal uyum ve aile ilişkileri puanlarında düşüş gözlenmiştir. Kontrol grubunun katılımcılarının sosyal uyum ve aile ilişkileri puanlarında meydana gelen bu değişimin istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olduğu %95 güvenle söylenebilir. Deney grubunda ise uygulama sonrasında genel uyum, kişisel uyum ve sosyal uyumda anlamlı bir değişiklik gözlenmemiştir. Bununla birlikte, deney ve kontrol grubunun mizaç ve karakter envanteri alt boyutları değerleri istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemiştir The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 8-week mat Pilates exercise on thinking styles, psychosocial adjustment, temperament and character in healthy adult women. In accordance with this purpose, 42 volunteers were included in the study, consisting of 20 experimental and 22 control groups, aged between 19 and 39 years. In order to measure psychosocial adaptation, Hacettepe Personality Inventory, Rational-Experiential Thinking Styles Scale was used to measure thinking styles and Temperament and Character Inventory to measure temperament and character, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire to measure physical activity level. In the analysis using SPSS 23; dependent sample t-test, Chi-Square, Shapiro Wilk and Mann Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed rank test were used and the level of significance was set at 0.05. As a result of the measurements made at the end of 8 weeks, no statistically significant change was observed in terms of thinking styles, neither in the control group nor in the experimental group. When the results of the Hacettepe personality inventory were examined for the control group; there was no statistically significant change in personal adaptation, self-realization, emotional stability, psychotic symptoms, neurotic tendencies, social relations, social norms and anti-social tendencies. There was a decrease in the scores of social adaptation and family relations which were formed by the answers of the control group participants. It can be said with 95% confidence that this change in social adaptation and family relations scores of the participants of the control group is statistically significant. In the experimental group, no significant change was observed in the general adaptation, personal adaptation and social adaptation after the application. However, the temperament and character inventory sub-dimensions of the experimental and control groups did not show a statistically significant difference.

The objectives of this research were to compare the happiness and thinking styles of undergraduate students in the Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department and different departments, and to examine the relations between the students’ happiness levels and their thinking styles. Using the correlational study design 661, undergraduate students were determined by a convenience sampling method. Participants were selected in terms of being easily accessible from Gazi University, which is located in the Ankara province, Turkey. The analysis indicated that the Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching students' average level of happiness was significantly higher than in some other departments. However, the Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching students' need for cognition was not significantly different from the students from other departments. Physical Education and Sports Teaching students' faith in intuition was significantly higher than the Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling students’. Besides, the happiness levels and thinking styles did not differ significantly by gender. There was a positive correlation between their faith in intuition and happiness. However, there was no significant relation between their happiness levels and need for cognition, nor need for cognition and their faith in intuition.

The aim of this study is to compare the emotional intelligence and happiness of students who receive education in the departments of physical education and sports teaching, primary school mathematics teaching, music teaching and art teaching. This study was carried out via using relational screening model. The sample of the study was comprised of the students who received education in the departments of physical education and sports teaching, primary school mathematics teaching, music teaching and art teaching in Gazi University in the academic years of 2013 - 2014. The population of th is study included 434 students in total (N=434).The number of female students is (N=308) while the number of male students is (N=124). In this study, three different measure tools were used. These are Oxford Happiness Scale, Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale and Personal Information Form. According to the result of the study, average of happiness values of the students in the department of physical education and sports teaching (114.33 ± 17.53) was found higher than the average values of the students in the department of primary school mathematics teaching. Average of use of Emotions and Evaluation of Emotions in the students who are in the department of music teaching (24,07±3,05) was found higher than the average values of the students in the department of primary school mathematics teaching.

The purpose of this study is to compare the perception concerning game concept of 4th grade students in Turkey and the Czech Republic. 19 fourth grade elementary students in the Czech Republic and 40 fourth grade elementary students in Turkey were selected by criterion and convenience sampling. They responded to a specific question "What is the meaning of game for you?" effectively through writing and drawing. Phenomenographic analysis was used to analyze the data. As a result, it is detected that fourth grade elementary students in Turkey and the Czech Republic perceive the game concept as real games more than digital games. Although the two groups have different cultural characteristics they drew and wrote the same games in some main categories. In addition, students in Turkey drew and wrote digital games less frequently than the students in the Czech Republic.

The purpose of this research is to examine the class management profile of secondary school branch teachers working in certain province of Turkey, using some variables. The research group consists of 152 teachers (69 female and 83 male) in the various field of Mathematics (29), Turkish (46), Religion Culture (23), English (31), and Physical Education and Sports (23). The "Classroom Management Profile Scale (SYPÖ)" developed by Kris (1996) and adapted to Turkish by Ekici (2004) was used as the data collection tool in the research. The research was conducted based on both the general and the relational screening models. The SPSS 20.0 package program was used in the analysis of the data. Both T test and one-way ANOVA were used in independent groups to determine whether the gender and subscale of the scale were significantly different according to gender, age, occupation year and field. The results of the research proved that, when the scores of both scales were calculated, the grade management profiles of the teachers were not statistically different according to the considered variables.

The aim of the study is to draw a comparison of 11-14 age group secondary school students playfulness level to play games which consist of physical activity. It also aims to evaluate playfulness level in terms of various parameters. For this purpose, 11-14 age group students’ playfulness level were examined according to cities, gender, and ages. A total of 523 11- 14 year-old students, including 303 from Kayseri and 220 from Trabzon, and some various schools formed a study group for the research conducted in the relational model. “Playfulness scale for playing games that consist of physical activity of children of 10-14 age group” that was developed by Hazar (2014) was used in the data collection. Based on the research, the level of playfulness of the participants was found to be "good" at 3.40-4.19. Students living in Kayseri and Trabzon were found to have "good" in terms of social adaptation, wish to play game, wish to win, and in general. Students in Kayseri "good" level had a playfulness at "medium" level in Trabzon. Due to the comparison of male and female student scores, it was found that there was a significant difference in favor of male students in game play overall, game passion, and risk taking dimensions. Girls are more likely to have social adaptation, playfulness, and a meaningful difference generally. Also, girls who live in Kayseri are more likely to be students. They wish to play game, social adaptation, wish to win, and risk taking. Meaningful differences can however be seen based on the scores of the 11 and 12 year students.

The aim of this study is to examine the Classroom management profiles of secondary education teachers, including physical education and sport teachers, and elementary teachers. By using a purposeful sampling method in various regions in Turkey, primary school teachers (n=81) and secondary school teachers (n=100) working in Ankara and Gaziantep province constitute the study group. Classroom Management Profile Inventory was used as the operational data collection tool. There was no statistically significant difference between the scores obtained from the general and sub-dimensions of the classroom management profile inventory when there was a comparison between primary school teachers and secondary school teachers. Neither the secondary school nor elementary teachers' scores on the sub-dimensions and sums of the classroom management profile inventory differ according to branch, age, and sex. However, it was found that the primary school teachers differ in the laissezfaire classroom management profiles according to the placement year. In this sub-dimension, the lowest score belongs to the group "4 years and below", while the highest score belongs to the group "5-7 years". Besides, there was no statistically significant difference on secondary school teachers' scores on the sub-dimensions and sums of the classroom management profile inventory according to placement year.

The purpose of this study is to examine the viewpoints of parents on their 4-5-year-old children who were playing active games. The parents had expressed that active games have positive influences on the cognitive development of children. Also, it has a significant influence on the decisionmaking process and focusing in general. Majority of the parents stated that active games have positive influences on the emotional development of their children in general terms. They expressed this with the term “being happy” and “being able to express oneself”. The parents, who thought that active games have negative influences on the emotional development of their children, expressed this as “being angry”. On the other hand, the parents also thought that active games contribute greatly to the psychomotor development of their children. Thus, they expressed this as “positive influences on physical development of their children”. As the last item, the parents considered active games to have positive contributions to the social development of their children. They, however, expressed this thought with expressions like “being social, establishing communications, learning sharing, etc.”. In conclusion, it has been observed that the viewpoints of the parents on active games were generally positive in terms of cognitive, emotional, and social and psychomotor development areas.