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Introduction. Cognitive fatigue is crucial for student-athletes who have the task of both fulfilling their academic tasks and ensuring their athletic performance. Therefore, it is essential to explore the predictors of cognitive fatigue in student-athletes. Objective. This study aimed to examine mindfulness and sleep behavior as predictors of cognitive fatigue in student athletes. Method. A total of 144 student-athletes (40.3% male, 59.7% female, M age = 20.7, SD = 3.13) with a mean sports experience of 9.03 years (SD = 3.75) were included in the study. The Mindfulness for Sport Inventory (MIS), the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ), and the cognitive fatigue part of the Scale of Physical and Cognitive Fatigue Perceived (SPCFP) were used as data collection tools. Results. Cognitive fatigue was negatively associated with mindfulness while positively associated with poor sleep behavior. In addition, mindfulness and sleep were significant predictors of cognitive fatigue. Conclusion. Mindfulness and sleep should be taken into consideration to reduce cognitive fatigue in student-athletes.

Abstract Background The canine parvovirus, with its many variants, is responsible for a pivotal and common viral infection affecting millions of dogs and other carnivore species worldwide, particularly the wild ones, which are considered as the main reservoir hosts. To that end, this study investigated the presence of canine parvovirus (CPV) in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) living in wild habitats of several regions of Turkey. Methods We randomly collected 630 archival fox stool specimens from rural areas of 22 provinces and used real-time PCR to detect CPV. Results Two of the 630 (0.3%) stool samples were positive for CPV-DNA, named Tr-Fox/128(Aydın) and Tr-Fox/159(Manisa). We attempted to isolate the virus in a MDCK cell line, and cytopathic effects were observed four days post-inoculation. Three regions corresponding to the CPV capsid protein VP2 gene from extracted DNA of positive samples were amplified by conventional PCR, and the products were visualised, purified, and Sanger sequenced. Three overlapping DNA raw sequence fragments, were read, assembled, and aligned to obtain approximately 1.5 kb-long regions that cover most of the VP2 gene, then deposited in GenBank. After comparing the isolates with parvovirus sequences data of domestic and wild carnivores by BLAST processing, our isolates' similarity rate with each other was 99.40%, with base differences in 9 nucleotide positions. They were classified as 2b variant closely related to isolates from dogs in Turkey, Egypt, Iraq, Italy, Thailand, and China. Conclusion This study presents evidence of interspecies transmission of CPV, of which there are no reports on prevalence in wildlife carnivores of our country. Identification of CPV in red foxes threatens local and hunting dogs, which may contract the infection or disseminate it to other wild animal species or vice-versa.

Background & objectives: West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted by a mosquito-borne virus whose natural reservoir is birds. Humans and horses are considered accidental hosts. Even if the vast majority of WNV infections in humans have asymptomatic or mild disease settings, serious neurological disorders with lethal outcomes can also be observed in around 1% of the cases. We aimed to serologically investigate the presence of WNV in humans living in Black sea of Turkey, and to obtain epidemiological data that will contribute to the implementation of public health policies to control and prevent potentially other life-threatening arboviral infections. Methods: In the current study, a total of 416 human sera were collected from native patients of Samsun and its boroughs attending Samsun Training and Research Hospital; these sera were tested for WNV with pooling method, using anti-IgM and IgG ELISA commercial kits. All pools that were found positive for both IgM and IgG were individually retested for the detection of positive WNV sera. After that, all positive samples were tested using real-time PCR to detect the presence of WNV-RNA particles. Results: Total seropositivity rates of WNV in terms of IgM and IgG were found as 0.96% and 0.72%, respectively. No presence of WNV-RNA could be detected in positive samples. Interpretation & conclusion: According to the data, further studies should be conducted to better understand the epidemiological dynamics of WNV in Turkey. It is recommended that other antigenically related flaviviruses which can give cross-reaction with WNV should also be investigated.

Doğu Akdeniz tarih boyunca önemli bir bölge olmakla birlikte Soğuk Savaş döneminden bu yana Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika bölgesinin bir uzantısı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Son yıllarda ise kendi dinamikleri ile önem kazanmış ve bağımsız bir alt-bölge haline gelmiştir. Doğu Akdeniz jeopolitiğinde yaşanan bu yapısal dönüşümden en çok etkilenen ülkelerin başında Türkiye gelmektedir. Doğu Akdeniz Türk dış politikasında büyük bir önem kazanmış ve Türkiye’nin güvenlik söyleminde geniş bir yer kaplamaya başlamıştır. Doğu Akdeniz’de yaşanan önemli jeopolitik kırılmalar bölge devletleri arasındaki güvenlik ilişkilerinin dönüşümüne yol açmakta ve Türkiye bu dönüşüme yanıt verme ihtiyacı duymaktadır. Bu çerçevede, bu makale realist uluslararası ilişkiler yaklaşımlarının ittifak oluşumlarına dair açıklamalarını temel alarak Doğu Akdeniz’deki ittifak oluşumlarını ve Türkiye’nin bu sürece nasıl bir yanıt verdiğini tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Söz konusu dönüşüm başlıca üç boyuta sahiptir. Birincisi bölgede keşfedilen hidrokarbon kaynakları bölge ülkeleri arasında hem iş birliği için fırsatlar yaratmış hem de çeşitli uyuşmazlıklara yol açmıştır. Enerji faktörü ittifak yapılarının temel değişkenlerinden biri haline gelmiştir. İkincisi Arap Baharı sonrasında artan bölgesel güvensizlikler ve istikrarsızlık tüm bölge ülkelerinin ittifak tercihlerini etkilemiştir. Üçüncüsü Doğu Akdeniz ve çevresinde artan büyük güç rekabeti bir yandan bölgenin askerileşmesine yol açmakta diğer yandan bölge ülkelerinin ittifak tercihlerini etkilemektedir. Yapısal dönüşümün bu üç boyutu birbirlerinden bağımsız süreçler değildir. Tam aksine birbirleriyle bağlantılı karmaşık süreçlerdir. Bu çalışmada, Doğu Akdeniz’in birbirleriyle bağlantılı üç dinamik çerçevesinde tanımlanan jeopolitik dönüşümünün Türk dış politikası üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın temel argümanı Doğu Akdeniz’de yaşanan jeopolitik dönüşümün Türkiye’yi güvenlik odaklı bir dış politikaya yönelttiği ve Doğu Akdeniz’in yeni jeopolitik yapısına uyum sağlama ihtiyacının Türk dış politikasındaki yeni denge arayışları ile eşzamanlı ortaya çıktığıdır.

This study aims to reveal the differentiation status of the dependent variables determined in the form of perceived service quality, destination image, and revisit in museums according to demographic characteristics. A face-to-face survey technique was applied between 26.09.2020 and 29.11.2020 to 512 local tourists from the museum visitors in Eskisehir, which were selected with the easy and purposeful sampling method. T-test and ANOVA analysis were carried out within 476 available questionnaires. The results found that women approached more positively the service offered in museums, the image of the city and re-trips. In addition, it was also understood that the married people liked the service in the museums more and wanted a more frequent visit for their single friends. At the same time, it has been determined that the perceived service quality in museums, ideas about the destination, and renewed visits are not affected by the income level. In addition, it has been observed that the quality of service in museums, ideas about the destination, and repetitive visits differ significantly according to the level of education.

Purpose - This study is aimed towards examining the experiences of visually impaired people participating in tourism and recreational activities with tandem bicycles and to explain the social integration function of cycling. Design - The research was conducted using qualitative research methods in an exploratory study. Methodology - Data were collected through in-depth interviews with a total of six visually impaired touring cyclists in Turkey. Approach - An inductive approach was used in the study. Findings – After the analysis, four themes were identified: ‘embodied experiences,’ ‘equal difficulties,’ ‘friendships’ and ‘social inclusion.’ First, the analysis revealed that participants embodied experiences of nature, socialisation, freedom, entertainment, and exploration through body performance in a multisensory manner. Second, disabled people have similar challenges as non-disabled people. Third, friendships rather than acquaintances developed between tandem partners with and without visual impairments, which contributed to long-term social inclusion. Finally, cycling tours play an important role in the social inclusion of people with disabilities by facilitating access to the social environment and raising disability awareness Originality of the research - This study contributes to the expansion of theoretical and practical knowledge about the cycling experiences of disabled individuals in tourism and leisure.

Bu araştırmada müze ziyareti sonrası hizmetin kalitesine ait edinilen görüşlerin ve gerçek destinasyon deneyiminin ardından oluşan genel izlenimlerin tekrar eden gezileri etkileyip etkilemediğini ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda 26.09.2020 ve 29.11.2020 tarihleri arasında Eskişehir ilindeki müzeleri gezen ve şehri daha önce ziyaret etmiş yerli turistlere derlenen 512 anket yüz yüze uygulanmıştır. Kolayda ve amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen ziyaretçiler tarafından 46 adet anketin eksik ve yanlış doldurulması nedeniyle 476 anket üzerinden frekans, güvenirlik, normallik, korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel testler sonucu; müzelerde sunulan hizmetin kalitesinin ve destinasyonla bütünleşen izlenimlerin tekrardan gelme niyetiyle anlamlı ve doğru orantılı bir ilişki içinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca müzelerdeki hizmet kalitesinin destinasyon imajını ve yenilenen ziyaretleri değiştirdiği, bölge imajının ise geri gelme niyetini önemli ölçüde ve olumlu yönde değiştirdiği belirlenmiştir. Bölgelere tekrarlayan ziyaretlerin gerçekleşmesi için aynı bölgenin müzelerinde sunulan hizmetin kalitesinin ve destinasyona ilişkin izlenimlerin olumlu olması gerektiğini ortaya koyması bakımından bu araştırmanın ilgili literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmüştür.

Abstract West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito‐borne virus of a re‐emergence importance with a wide range of vertebrate hosts. Granted, it causes asymptomatic infection, but fatal cases and neurologic disorders were also recorded, especially in humans, horses and some exposed birds. The virus is globally spread and birds are considered an amplifying and reservoir host of WNV, helping to spread the disease due to their close contact with main hosts. In this study, we aimed to detect the presence of antibodies against WNV in backyard hens that were reared in the western Anatolian part of Turkey. A total of 480 chicken sera were randomly collected from six provinces in the west of Turkey (Mugla, Izmir, Aydin, Afyonkarahisar, Kutahya and Manisa) with 80 samples from each province (40 in spring and 40 in fall seasons). They were tested by using a competitive ELISA method to identify the specific avian antibodies of IgG that produced against the WNV envelope proteins (pr‐E). Twelve of 480 (2.5%) sera were found seropositive, three of these positive sera were detected from the Izmir province (3.75%) collected in the spring session and the other nine positive sera were detected from the Mugla province (11.25%) collected in the fall session. Both of these provinces are located seaside and have suitable climate conditions for vectors of infection. The results indicated that WNV infection is in circulation in these provinces, and that may put the other susceptible vertebrates under risk of infection.

Abstract Bovine parainfluenza virus‐3 (BPIV‐3), also known as bovine respirovirus 3, causes serious respiratory infection in ungulates, often involving other pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria and mycoplasmas. In this study, we evaluated antibody titers against virus genotypes A (BPIV‐3a) and C (BPIV‐3c). We conducted a serological survey and comparison analysis of archived serum samples from small and large ruminants reared in four Turkish provinces. A total of 1,307 samples, consisting of sheep (n = 444), cattle (n = 402), water buffalo (n = 261) and goat (n = 200) sera, were randomly selected from stock samples collected between 2015 and 2019 and screened by standard virus neutralisation assay. We found that 49.9% (653/1307) of all samples were positive for neutralising antibody titers. Goats had the highest titer, with total seropositivity of 63% (126/200), followed in descending order by cattle, sheep and water buffalo at 56.2% (226/402), 32.2% (143/444) and 26% (68/261) total seropositivity, respectively. BPIV‐3c had the highest neutralising antibody rate at 34.3% (448/1307), whereas BPIV‐3a had a 24.3% (317/1307) seropositivity rate. Neutralising antibody titers for positive samples ranged between 1/4 and 1/512 per the SN50 test. Seropositivity rates ranged from a low of 8.9% to a high of 18.3%. Our study was the first to compare antibody seroprevalence for two BPIV‐3 genotypes in small and large domestic ruminants, which were shown to be more commonly exposed to BPIV‐3c than BPIV‐3a. This finding could have significant implications as current vaccines mainly use the BPIV‐3a genotype. Further research can determine if current vaccines protect against different BPIV‐3 virus genotypes.

The aim of this study is to determine how eco-friendly applications have an impact on the purchasing behaviour of tourists and hotel preferences. In this context, the related data was obtained from 408 participants. T-test was applied in order to determine the impact on the purchasing behaviour of tourists and hotel preferences. As a result of the analysis, it is determined that the majority of the tourists are sensitive about the environment by taking into account eco-friendly hotel accommodation preference and eco-friendly hotels are pioneer in developing new technologies, high qualified, happy to stay in eco-friendly hotels, and eco-friendly hotels evoke nature. Also, it is found that eco-friendly hotels evoke health and wellness. These findings provide an insight into literature and new directions and suggestions for marketing organizations and business managers.

Bu derlemenin Türkçeye kazandırılması ise Türkiye’deki Güvenlik Çalışmaları açısından anlamlıdır. Son yıllarda, Güvenlik Çalışmaları disiplini Türkiye’de hızlı bir gelişim içerisindedir. Buna koşut olarak hem Uluslararası İlişkiler hem de Güvenlik Çalışmaları alanındaki temel metinlerin Türkçe çevirileri hızla artmaktadır. Bu çeviriler Türkçe literatüre hiç kuşkusuz önemli katkılar sunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, çeviri ve redaksiyon sorunları, kimi zaman okuma keyfini kaçıracak düzeye erişebilmektedir. Kitabın bu anlamda ciddi sorunları olduğu, okurun gözünden kaçmayacaktır. Bu sorunlar, metni okumayı zorlaştırsa da bu derlemenin Türkçeye kazandırılmış olmasının değerini azaltmamaktadır.

The development of new biosensor technologies and their active use as wearable devices have offered mobility and flexibility to conventional western medicine and personal fitness tracking. In the development of biosensors, transducers stand out as the main elements converting the signals sourced from a biological event into a detectable output. Combined with the suitable bio-receptors and the miniaturization of readout electronics, the functionality and design of the transducers play a key role in the construction of wearable devices for personal health control. Ever-growing research and industrial interest in new transducer technologies for point-of-care (POC) and wearable bio-detection have gained tremendous acceleration by the pandemic-induced digital health transformation. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of transducers for biosensors and their wearable applications that empower users for the active tracking of biomarkers and personal health parameters.

Sustainable tourism has become a new method of practicing tourism. It has emerged in the last part of the 20th century, from the efforts of academia as a response to the increasing negative effects of mass tourism, noticeable all over the world. At the same time, sustainable tourism is considered by some a utopia, a narrow niche of the tourism market, with limited perspectives. From a theoretical standpoint, it is highly debated with no consensus regarding its definition, features and principles. In recent years, although significant steps have been taken especially by international organizations, like UNEP (The United Nations Environment Programme) and UNWTO (The World Tourism Organization), sustainable tourism still faces numerous challenges. In the present paper, we have collected information from several authors and organizations and have presented some contemporary challenges for sustainable tourism. For our research, we have tried to identify several common challenges for six selected countries in Central and Eastern Europe – The Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Romania, and also go into a more detailed look in the case of Romania. Finally, we consider that if we can identify specific regional challenges, we might find regional solutions and answers. Considering the numerous similarities between the six countries, there might be common solutions for the benefit of the entire region.

Background: Whether zoonotic or not, arboviral infections are continuing to be a major threat to human health as well as the livestock industry all around the world. This project presented the results of the identification study on five arboviruses, including West Nile virus (WNV), Bovine ephemeral fever virus, Akabane virus, Bluetongue virus, and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, in mosquitos and midges from eight provinces of the Black Sea Region. Methods: During 2011 and 2012, 3193 mosquitoes were captured around natural streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds using dry-baited miniature light-traps. Identification studies were concluded by employing molecular methods. Results: According to the morphological identification, blood-sucking mosquitoes and biting-midges belonged to Aedes (44.69%), Anopheles (28.34%), Culex (22.14%) and Culicoides (4.83%) species. Overall, 146 pools were made up of captured mosquitos and midges. None of the five viruses were directly identified by mosquitoes. Conclusion: Mosquitoes and midges have got a crucial role in the transmission of arboviruses. The risk of occurrence for the investigated arboviruses will continue depending upon many factors including the presence of these viruses in Turkey and its neighboring countries, uncontrolled livestock movements, global warming and climate changes.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a huge economic burden on the livestock industries of countries worldwide. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the most important pathogens that contributes to BRD. In this study, we report the identification and first isolation, with molecular characterization, of a new BRSV strain from lung specimens of three beef cows in Turkey that died from respiratory distress. After the screening of lung tissues for BRD-associated viruses using a multiscreen antigen-ELISA, a BRSV antigen was detected. This was then confirmed by real-time RT-PCR specific for BRSV. Following confirmation, virus isolation was conducted in MDBK cell cultures and clear CPE, including syncytia compatible with BRSV, were detected. RT-nested PCR, using F gene-specific primers, was performed on the cultured isolates, and the products were sequenced and deposited to Genbank with accession numbers MT179304, MT024766, and MT0244767. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences indicated that the cattle were infected with BRSV from subgroup III and were closely related to previously identified American and Turkish strains, but contained some amino acid and nucleotide differences. This research paves the way for further studies on the molecular characteristics of natural BRSV isolates, including full genome analysis and disease pathogenesis, and also contributes to the development of robust national strategies against this virus.

A respiratory disease outbreak on a cattle farm in northern Turkey produced respiratory tract symptoms and severe pneumonia symptoms in 20 calves. Eight calves died, and a lung specimen from one carcass was analysed for bacteria and for viruses of the Bovine respiratory diseases complex. Bacteriological analysis was negative, but antigen detection ELISA and RT-PCR results indicated the presence of Bovine parainfluenza virus (BPIV). Virus isolation succeeded on Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cells, and subsequent whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified BPIV-3c. This is the first report of BPIV-3c isolation from cattle in Turkey, indicating the need for more virological and epidemiological studies.

Background: West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne disease that can cause fatal infection in mammals in-cluding humans, dogs, horses, birds and reptiles. Although West Nile Virus is an asymptomatic infection, especially it can cause neurologic disorders in humans and horses. The aim of this study was to the investigate virological pres- ence of WNV in horses in the Black Sea Region of Turkey using real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). Methods: Totally, 120 horse sera were collected equally from 4 provinces in Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey and investigated for WNV presence by Taqman based rRT-PCR. Results: WNV nucleic acid was not detected in any horse serum sample. Conclusion: Although obtained result indicated no evidence of WNV–RNA in horses, Black Sea Region of Turkey is one of the suitable places for the WNV infection. For this reason, our research will continue for the determination of the viruses in vectors and susceptible animals such as horses, dogs, etc.

Background: West Nile virus (WNV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) are mosquito-borne viral diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the RVFV and WNV infections as serologically in different mammalian species (cattle, horse, goat, sheep and water buffalo) in the northern Turkey. Methods: Blood samples randomly collected from 70 each cattle, horse, sheep, goat and water buffalo were ana- lyzed for the presence of antibodies to RVFV and WNV using an competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) in northern Turkey. Results: None of the animals were positive for antibodies to RVFV. In contrast, WNV antibodies were found in two of 350 samples (0.57%). Conclusion: This may suggest that the RVFV disease is not present in northern Turkey.This is the first serological study on RVFV in Turkey.

The main purpose of the current research is to examine the humility of university student athletes and non-athletes. In addition, it has been another focus of whether the humility differ according to gender, age, department and monthly expenditure. Furthermore, the humility of the athlete students according to their sports type, sports years and the best athletic scores was investigated. In the present study, two different public universities from Istanbul and Ankara, aged between 18, 23 (Mage = 20.49 years SD = 1.35), 54.3% (n = 222) were female and 45.7% (n = 187) were male, a total of four hundred nine athlete and non-athlete students were included through convenience sampling. The instrument selected for the study was the Humility Scale which has been developed by Elliott (2010) and adapted to Turkish by Sariçam et al. (2012). The total score and subdimensions of humility in the present study did not differ significantly by gender, age, monthly expenditure, athletic status (athletes or non-athletes), sport type (team or individual sports) and sport year. On the other hand, in the sub-dimension of focus on others, it was found that the students in the primary teaching department had significantly higher scores than the physical education and sports teacher students. In modest self-assessment sub-scale, the average score of athletes who have the best athletic score in a Turkey competition higher than athletes who have the best athletic score in a regional competition.

The purpose of this study is to compare the perception concerning game concept of 4th grade students in Turkey and the Czech Republic. 19 fourth grade elementary students in the Czech Republic and 40 fourth grade elementary students in Turkey were selected by criterion and convenience sampling. They responded to a specific question "What is the meaning of game for you?" effectively through writing and drawing. Phenomenographic analysis was used to analyze the data. As a result, it is detected that fourth grade elementary students in Turkey and the Czech Republic perceive the game concept as real games more than digital games. Although the two groups have different cultural characteristics they drew and wrote the same games in some main categories. In addition, students in Turkey drew and wrote digital games less frequently than the students in the Czech Republic.

The objectives of this research were to compare the happiness and thinking styles of undergraduate students in the Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department and different departments, and to examine the relations between the students' happiness levels and their thinking styles. Using the correlational study design 661, undergraduate students were determined by a convenience sampling method. Participants were selected in terms of being easily accessible from Gazi University, which is located in the Ankara province, Turkey. The analysis indicated that the Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching students' average level of happiness was significantly higher than in some other departments. However, the Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching students' need for cognition was not significantly different from the students from other departments. Physical Education and Sports Teaching students' faith in intuition was significantly higher than the Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling students'. Besides, the happiness levels and thinking styles did not differ significantly by gender. There was a positive correlation between their faith in intuition and happiness. However, there was no significant relation between their happiness levels and need for cognition, nor need for cognition and their faith in intuition.

The present study aims to the examination of mindfulness and impulsiveness in university student-athletes in terms of sports injury development history. A total of 181 athletes, 56 female, and 125 males, were included in the study. The Sociodemographic Information Form, the short form of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport were applied to the participants. In conclusion, the athletes with a history of injuring another athlete had a higher score average in impulsiveness scale. The total scores from the overall mindfulness inventory did not differ significantly based on the status of having injured another athlete. It was observed that the athletes who experienced severe injury had a lower score average in the overall impulsiveness scale compared to the athletes who experienced a moderate injury. No significant difference was observed in the score averages from the overall mindfulness scale based on injury severity. Among the most notable results of the present study are the positive relationship between motor impulsiveness and injury frequency and the negative relationship between mindfulness and the total of the impulsivity scale and all its sub-dimensions., Author(s): Emre Ozan Tingaz [sup.1] [sup.2] , Meryem Altun Ekiz [sup.3] , Soner Çakmak [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.25769.3f, 0000 0001 2169 7132, Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, [...]

In the present study, the mindfulness levels of track and field (athletics) athletes were evaluated based on variables such as branch of sports (sprints, middle-distance, jumps and throws), gender, age, national athlete status, personel best record and athletic experience. 213 certified athletes (67 female-22.6% and 146 male-49.3%) competing at the national and international level in the branches of sprints, middle-distance, jumps and throws as part of different clubs affiliated to the Turkish Athletic Federation in the year 2020 and performing regular training at least 6 days a week voluntarily participated in the study. In the present cross-sectional study, the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS) developed by Thienot et al. (2014 (See CR25)) and adapted to Turkish by Tingaz (2020c (See CR29)) was used. Data collection was carried out online through Google Forms. The independent t-test and the one-way analysis of variance were used in the evaluation of data. Based on the findings of the present study, it was determined that the athletes with high performance had higher mindfulness levels. Additionally, it was found that the national athletes and the athletes with high training experience had higher mindfulness levels in different sub-dimensions and in terms of the gender variable, the mindfulness levels of the female participants were higher. It is also notable that the athletes who perform mental training had higher mindfulness levels compared to those who do not. In the evaluation based on branches, it was observed that the sprinters were more competent in the refocusing sub-dimension compared to the athletes in all other branches. The findings obtained in the present study indicated that mindfulness can be affected by different variables. However, considering that the most important goal for athletes is to improve their performance, it is important for them to be aware of the positive effects of mindfulness. Based on this, it can be suggested for athletes to include mindfulness exercises in their training program and develop this approach as much as possible in order to support their athletic performance., Author(s): Celal Bulgay [sup.1] , Emre Ozan Tingaz [sup.1] [sup.2] , Isik Bayraktar [sup.3] , Ebru Çetin [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.25769.3f, 0000 0001 2169 7132, Sport Sciences Faculty, Gazi [...]

The objective of this research is to examine and analyze the class management profiles of 3rd and 4th grade students of Physical Education and Sports Teaching Departments of universities in Turkey based on gender, grade level and university. The research population comprised 375 students (170 females and 205 males) of Physical Education and Sports Teaching departments in Gazi University, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Kocaeli University, Sakarya University, and Anadolu University. The "Class Management Profile Scale (CMPS)", which was developed by Kris (1996) and adapted into Turkish by Ekici, was used as the data collection tool. In the data analysis, the T test and One-Way analysis of variance were performed on the independent groups for determining whether or not the scale in general and its sub-dimensions showed any significant difference according to gender, class level, and the university. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the average of the idle class management profiles of the male students proved to be significantly higher than those of the female students, and that 3rd grade students had a more authoritative class management profile than 4th grade students.

It was sought to the association between muscle dysmorphia and childhood abuse and neglect in male recreational bodybuilders between 18 and 53 years old (M[subscript age] = 28.17 years, SD = 8.66) were recruited from two different gyms in age Ankara, Turkey. All participants completed a demographic questionnaire in addition to the Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. A significant correlation was found between Emotional Abuse and Functional Impairment (r=0.24, p<0.05), Appearance Intolerance (r=0.19, p<0.05), Muscle Dysmorphia (r=0.24, p<0.05). In addition, there was a significant correlation between Emotional Neglect and Appearance Intolerance (r=0.22, p<0.05), Muscle Dysmorphia (r=0.23, p<0.05). Childhood abuse and neglect were correlated with Functional Impairment (r=0.21, p<.05), Appearance Intolerance (r=0.17, p<0.05), and Muscle Dysmorphia (r=0.18, p<0.05). Consequently, there is a positive correlation between muscle dysmorphia and childhood abuse and neglect in male recreational bodybuilders.

The objective of the present study was to examine how Atheist, Christian, and Muslim elite athletes motivate themselves before competitions. Using a semi-structured format qualitative design, seventeen elite male volleyball players were interviewed. For Muslim athletes, the focus was on "Praying" with the highest frequency, while for Christian athletes the "Visualization" had the highest frequency. For Atheist athletes, "Winning the Game" was the highest frequency. Muslim, Christian, and Atheist athletes had similar motivation focus point as; "Want to Do the Best". When compared between the Muslim and Christian athletes, "Stay Alone" and "Want to Do the Best" were common motivation styles. The prefered to stay alone for reasons such as; suppress excitement, imagine, and relaxing. There were no similar expression between Muslim and Atheist athletes. "Desire to Win" and "Listen to Music" were common expressions for Christian and Atheist athletes.

The objective of the present study was to examine computer game addiction and attention in Turkish secondary school students. Four hundred twenty six (n=426) secondary school students aged 11 to 14 (M=12.44 years, SD=1.08), age participated voluntarily. A total of four schools, two are in a village (45.5%, n=211) and two are in a center (50.4%, n=215), were selected from Nigde province in the middle of the Turkey by convenience sampling. Among the respondents, 48.8% were female (n=208) and 51.2% were male (n=218). The data were collected with "Bourdon Attention Test (Letter Form)-BAT" and "Computer Game Addiction Test". As a result of the study, males' computer game addiction score was higher than females and females' attention score was higher than males. Increased computer game addiction was related to inattention. While there was no significant correlation between computer game addiction and school type, attention score was significantly different. Besides, there was low positive correlation between age and attention while there was no statistically significant correlation between age and computer game addiction. Keywords: Attention, Computer Game Addiction, Secondary School Students.

The present study aims to examine the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between the cognitive flexibility and irrational performance beliefs of university student-athletes. 142 student-athletes from Gazi University Faculty of Sports Sciences were included in the study. The Mindfulness Inventory for Sport, the Irrational Performance Beliefs Inventory-2 and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory were used as data collection tools. SPSS 25 was used to examine the relationship between descriptive statistics and variables. CFA, SEM and Bootstrap tests were carried out through AMOS 24. In conclusion, it was observed that non-judgment, which is a sub-dimension of mindfulness, had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between cognitive flexibility and irrational performance beliefs., Author(s): Emre Ozan Tingaz [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.25769.3f, 0000 0001 2169 7132, Sports Sciences Faculty, Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Gazi University, , Emniyet, Abant 1 Caddesi [...]

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