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Aim: The extent of the spread of inflammation determines the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). Methylated arginine residues (MAR), a type of inflammatory mediator, reduce nitric oxide levels and cause vasoconstriction-induced endothelial damage. This study aimed to investigate MAR and related amino acids during acute pancreatic inflammation. Material and Method: This prospective, quasi-experimental study was conducted with patients diagnosed with AP and an age-matched control group. The patient samples were taken during the diagnosis and recovery time, whereas during the study for the control group. Mainly, Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), Arginine (ARG), Citrulline (CIT), and related chemicals were studied via a mass spectrometer. Results: A total of 30 patients with AP (mean age=53.3±17.8) and 30 controls (mean age=53.4±18.0) were included in the study. All patients were identified as non-severe (n=8) and severe (n=22). A decrease was detected in the patients' ADMA levels compared to the control group (p=0.01). MAR did not differ concerning disease severity (p > 0.05). However, MAR levels decreased higher in patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Between the two samplings, the ARG level and ARG to ADMA ratio increased, while the MAR and CIT to ARG ratio decreased. Conclusion: Our results showed that MAR levels decreased with AP recovery. The start of a decrease in the high-level blood MAR may indicate the healing of pancreatic inflammation. AP inflammation may be more destructive in patients with diabetes or CKD.

Gifted individuals has an important role in the progress of societies, it would be beneficial to better identify these individuals and understand their needs and differences. For that reason, the peer relationships of gifted and non-gifted high school students were examined in this study. The study was carried out as survey model. The study group consisted of 156 students in total, including 60 students registered to Şahinbey Science and Art Center (BILSEM) in Gaziantep, and 96 students who were not identified as gifted. All were students in the same classes as those with talented, where secondary education was received. In the study, the “Personal Information Form” and “Peer Relationship Scale” that was developed by Atik, Çok, Çoban and Doğan (2014) were used as data collection tools. According to the results of the research, no significant difference was observed in terms of peer relationships between high school students, who were and were not identified as gifted. When peer relationships of male high school students who were and non-gifted are examined in terms of sub-dimensions, it is seen that there is a significant difference between the sub-dimensions of “companionship”, “protection” ”and “closeness” in favor of “gifted male students”. There is no significant difference in peer relationship mean scores of non-gifted female students. It can be said that there is greater differentiation in peer relationship sub-dimensions in terms of being identified as gifted in the students of 16-18 age group, compared to the 13-15 age group. The findings were discussed in the light of the relevant literature.

Background/Objectives: Thiamine plays a pivotal role in energy metabolism. The aim of the study was to determine serial whole blood TPP concentrations in critically ill patients receiving chronic diuretic treatment before ICU admission and to correlate TPP levels with clinically determined serum phosphorus concentrations. Subjects/Methods: This observational study was performed in 15 medical ICUs. Serial whole blood TPP concentrations were measured by HPLC at baseline and at days 2, 5 and 10 after ICU admission. Results: A total of 221 participants were included. Of these, 18% demonstrated low TPP concentrations upon admission to the ICU, while 26% of participants demonstrated low levels at some point during the 10-day study period. Hypophosphatemia was detected in 30% of participants at some point during the 10-day period of observation. TPP levels were significantly and positively correlated with serum phosphorus levels at each time point (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusions: Our results show that 18% of these critically ill patients exhibited low whole blood TPP concentrations on ICU admission and 26% had low levels during the initial 10 ICU days, respectively. The modest correlation between TPP and phosphorus concentrations suggests a possible association due to a refeeding effect in ICU patients requiring chronic diuretic therapy. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections such as pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumannii, klebsiella pneumoniae are common in Intensive Care Units. Colistin is preferred today due to limited treatment options sensitive to these pathogens. However, colistin has a high potential for nephrotoxicity. Some classifications (KDIGO, RIFLE, AKIN) are used for the diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). The incidence of AKI varies according to these classifications. In our study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the development of Acute Kidney Injury according to KDIGO criteria and RIFLE classification in patients followed up in the intensive care unit and started colistin therapy. Materials and Methods: The data of 145 patients who started colistin treatment in the Internal Medicine Intensive Care Unit between January 2016 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were grouped as those with Acute Kidney Injury and those without. Acute Kidney Injury evaluation was made according to RIFLE classification and KDIGO criteria. Results: In patients who received colistin treatment, 75 patients were evaluated as AKI when KDIGO criteria were used for the AKI diagnosis, and 54 patients were evaluated as AKI when the RIFLE classification was used. While the number of KDIGO Stage 1 patients was 44, the number of patients in the RIFLE classification risk group was determined as 23. The mean SOFA score was calculated as 7.91±2.8 and the mean APACHE II score as 22.77±5.3. The duration of stay in the ICU was 22.60±9.04. The duration of stay in the ICU was shorter in the group who developed AKI. 44.8% of the patients included in the study died. 52% of patients who developed AKI and 37.1% of those who did not develop AKI died. 30-day mortality in patients with AKI was significantly higher than both KDIGO staging and RIFLE classification (p=0.03, p=0.005, respectively). Mortality rate increased 1.42 times in KDIGO Stage 1, 2.79 times in KDIGO Stage 2 and 2.10 times in KDIGO Stage 3. When evaluated by the RIFLE classification, the mortality rate increased 2.32 times in the Risk group, 3.12 times in the Injury group, 2.06 times in the Failure group and 2.15 times in the Loss group. Conclusion: We observed an increase in the frequency of AKI in patients using colistin in the ICU, both according to KDIGO criteria and the RIFLE classification. This situation also increases the 30-day mortality. We think that the KDIGO criteria are more sensitive to diagnose AKI in these patients.

Mugîseddîn Tuğrulşah, II. Kılıçarslan’ın oğullarından biridir. II. Kılıçarslan ölmeden önce ülkeyi oğulları arasında böldü ve Mugîseddîn Tuğrul Şah’a da bu taksimatta Elbistan verildi. II. Kılıçarslan’ın hayatının sonlarında başlayan taht mücadelelerinde Mugîseddîn Tuğrul Şah, tarafsız kalarak tahta hâkim olan kardeşlerine itaat etti. Mugîseddîn Tuğrul Şah, 1202 yılına kadar kardeşleri I. Gıyâseddîn Keyhüsrev ve II. Rükneddîn Süleyman Şah’a bağlı kalarak Elbistan’da kaldı. Erzurum’un fethedilmesiyle 1202 yılından 1225 yılındaki ölümüne kadar Erzurum Selçuklu meliki oldu. Mugîseddîn Tuğrul Şah, Erzurum’da Gürcüler, Ahlatşahlar ve Eyyûbîler ile siyasî ve askerî ilişkilere girdi. Gürcülere ve Eyyûbîlere karşı Ahlatşahlar ile ittifak yaptı. Gürcülerle iyi geçinmek için de oğullarından birini Hristiyan yaparak Gürcü kraliçesi Rosudan ile evlendirdi. I. Gıyâseddîn Keyhüsrev’in ölümünden sonra Mugîseddîn Tuğrul Şah, bağımsız hareket edip kendi adına para bastırdı ve yine kendi adına hutbe okuttu. Bu gelişmeler Erzurum’un Türkiye Selçuklularından bağımsız olduğu görüşünü ortaya çıkarsa da, ve yine Mugîseddîn Tuğrul Şah her ne kadar Erzurum’da bağımsız hareket etse de Erzurum’un Türkiye Selçuklularından bağımsız hale geldiğini söylemek için yeterli kaynak yoktur.

Introduction We aimed to investigate the relationship between Vitamin D level and quality of life in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis as renal replacement therapy. Methods 50 peritoneal dialysis patients aged between 18 and 73 years were included in this study. KDQOL-36 questionnaire was applied to rate the quality of life of the patients. This questionnaire consisted of 36 questions divided into five subscales. The patients were divided into two groups according to serum vitamin D levels. Patients with a serum 25(OH) D level < 20 ng/mL were identified as vitamin D deficiency group and those with a serum 25(OH)D level >= 20 ng/mL were identified as normal vitamin D group. Results The patients had a mean age of 41.16 +/- 16.05 years, 56% of them were females. The mean 25(OH) D levels of patients with 25 (OH) D levels < 20 ng/mL and those with >= 20 ng/mL were 10.50 +/- 4.62 ng/mL and 25.55 +/- 4.11 ng/mL, respectively. We found that all subscales of KDQOL-36 were lower with statistically significance in the group with Vitamin D (Vit-D) deficiency. Hemoglobin level was detected as independent risk factor for Symptom and problem list subscales and SF-12 physical component summary subscale (PCS) (P = 0.029, P = 0.047). Vit-D deficiency was detected as independent risk factors for kidney disease burden subscale and PCS (P = 0.035, P = 0.019). Hypertension was detected as independent risk factor for kidney disease burden subscale (P = 0.015). Conclusion Our study is the first to investigate the relationship between serum Vit-D level and quality of life by KDQOL-36 scale in peritoneal dialysis patients. We revealed that patients with low Vit-D levels had worse quality of life in all subscales.

WOS:000648071100001 PMID: 33955313 Introduction We have aimed to investigate the relationship between use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin-receptor-blocker (ARB) drugs and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) and in-hospital mortality in hypertensive Covid-19 patients. Material and method Consecutive 1345 patients diagnosed with Covid-19 between April and October 2020 who met inclusion criteria were divided into two groups based on presence and absence of AHRF and mortality. The groups were compared regarding epidemiological, clinical, radiological, laboratory findings and treatments methods. The patient groups ACEI, ARB and other antihypertensive drugs (non-ACEI/ARB) were compared regarding same parameters. Results Median age was 68 (60-76) years in the patient group including 805 (59.9.1%) females. Of the patients, 475 (35.3%), 644 (47.9%) and 226 (16.8%) were using ACEIs, ARBs and non-ACEI/ARB, respectively. AHRF and in-hospital mortality developed in 1053 (78.3%) and 290 (21.6%) patients, respectively. Age, gender, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), neutrophil, lymphocyte, creatinine, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), ACEI, beta blocker and aspartate transaminase (AST) found statistically significant in the univariable logistic regression performed to identify independent predictors of mortality were included multivariable logistic regression model. Age (OR: 1.066, 95%CI: 1.049-1.083; p < .001), DM (OR: 1.682, 95%CI: 1.238-2.286; p = .001), neutrophil (OR: 1.041, 95%CI: 1.007-1.077; p = .019), creatinine (OR: 1.178, 95%CI: 1.048-1.325; p = .006), CRP (OR: 1.008, 95%CI: 1.006-1.010; p < .001), ACEI (OR: 0.718, 95%CI: 0.521-0.988; p = .042), AST (OR: 1.005, 95%CI: 1.001-1.010; p = .010) were found associated with in-hospital mortality. Conclusion In our study, it was not detected clinically significant difference between three groups with regard to their relation with in-hospital mortality.

This article examines the projects of railway construction of the southern railroad, which was intended to connect the central European governorates with the Black Sea ports. After the Crimean War, the government faced a pressing need for modernizing the country; and the primary role in this process was assigned to railway construction. Inconsistency in implementation of the plan for the construction of railway network, frequent adjustments in directions, changes in construction schedule were due to the shortage of financing and well-established strategy for organization of railway construction process in Russia. The Russian media paid close attention to the construction of railways in the south, stirring up interest in the problem. The article employs a wide array of archival material that allows following the steps taken by the government in implementation of the railway construction plan. Critical analysis of the publicistic articles demonstrated the public response to the changes in the direction of the southern railroad or its priority section. The novelty of this research consists in application of comprehensive approach towards examination of railway construction in Crimea. Changes in financing policy of railway construction, as well as the attraction of Russian banking and private capital, influenced the construction pace and the choice of priority section of the railway. Competition in the bureaucratic circles for receiving concessions and participation in profitable financial activities impeded the implementation of the construction plan in Crimea. Moreover, the disunity of administration along with the absence systematic policy of granting concession led to postponement of construction of the connecting section with the Sevastopol port for almost a decade.

A good glycemic regulation should be provided to reduce mortality and morbidity in patients with end-stage renal failure due to diabetes mellitus. However, the use of insulin therapies in patients with renal failure is troublesome due to the increased rate of side effects. In our study, we investigated the frequency of hypoglycemia and its symptoms in patient groups receiving intensive and mixed insulin therapies. This prospective study included 89 hemodialysis patients with DM-related stage 5 chronic kidney disease who were followed up in a nephrology clinic of a university hospital between January 2013 and August 2015. Our study group was divided into two groups as those receiving intensive insulin therapy and mixed insulin therapy. Group 1 and group 2 consisted of 46 patients and 43 patients, respectively. Hypoglycemia (glucose 0.05). Hypoglycemia was detected in 27 patients (58.7%) in the intensive insulin therapy group and 14 patients (32.6%) in the mixed insulin therapy group. There was a significant level of hypoglycemia in the group receiving intensive insulin therapy (p < 0.05). In our study, the group receiving intensive insulin therapy had higher frequency and severity of common hypoglycemia symptoms such as confusion, sweating, weakness, dysphasia, palpitations, blurred vision, and feeling hungry. There was a higher frequency of hypoglycemia under intensive insulin therapy in patients undergoing dialysis due to chronic kidney failure, which suggests that mixed insulin therapy is the ideal treatment to avoid hypoglycemia in this group of patients.

Aim: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is caused by several genetic and environmental factors. Aggrecan is the major component of intervertebral disk matrix proteoglycan with multiple functional domains. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between ACAN (coding aggrecan) gene variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism and susceptibility to IVDD. Methods: Two hundred and sixty subjects participated in this study. The disease group comprised 150 patients diagnosed with symptomatic IVDD. The control group consisted of 110 healthy subjects. The ACAN gene VNTR region was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: The most common allele in the patient and the control group was 27 repeat allele (49% and 34.55%, respectively). Allele 26 was more frequent in males compared to females (p=0.030). Allele 21 and 23 were more common in ones living in rural areas (p=0.030) while allele 27 was the most frequent in ones living in urban areas (p

Bu çalışmanın amacı giyim tercihlerinin izlenimler üzerindeki etkisi ve bu izlenimlerin bireylerin özellikleri ve tüketim kalıplarına ilişkin değerlendirmelerdeki rolünü tespit etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nitel bir araştırma tasarlanmıştır. Bir kadın ve bir erkeğin fotoğrafları gösterilmiş ve 6 görüşmeci ile derinlemesine mülakat ve projektif tekniklerden olan resim yorumlama tekniği kullanılarak ortalama 30 dakika süren görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmelerde yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat formundan faydalanılmıştır. Fotoğraflarda iş yerine uygun rahat giyim (business casual) koduna uygun giyinen modeller, yüzleri gizlenerek kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre kıyafetler üzerinden izlenim oluşturulmaktadır ancak bu izlenimlerin genelde kesin olmadığına ilişkin bir inanç mevcuttur. Ayrıca kıyafetler üzerinden oluşturulan izlenimlerin demografik özelliklerin yanında diğer tüketim kararlarına dair çıkarımlar yapmakta kullanıldığı da çalışmanın sonuçları arasında yer almaktadır.

Purpose: To compare the retrobulbar blood flow parameters between the amblyopic eye and the healthy eye of patients with anisometropic amblyopia. Methods: Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) of the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA) and posterior ciliary artery (PCA) were measured with color Doppler imaging, and resistivity index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were computed in 62 patients aged 12-40 years with anisometropic amblyopia. Results: The mean PSV of OA, CRA, and PCA in amblyopic and fellow eyes were 30.38 ± 10.34, 8.45 ± 2.27, 8.03 ± 2.77; 33.73 ± 14.46, 8.35 ± 2.05, 8.81 ± 2.77, respectively. The mean EDV of OA, CRA, and PCA in amblyopic and fellow eyes were 6.86 ± 2.64, 1.47 ± 1.59, 1.94 ± 2.03; 8.57 ± 4.30, 1.80 ± 1.73, 2.32 ± 1.20, respectively. The mean RI of OA, CRA, and PCA in amblyopic and fellow eyes were 0.77 ± 0.10, 0.85 ± 0.14, 0.78 ± 0.15; 0.75 ± 0.07, 0.79 ± 0.20, 0.74 ± 0.13, respectively. OA-PSV and OA-EDV values in the amblyopic eye were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in the healthy eye. OA-RI values were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the amblyopic eye than in the healthy eye. Conclusion: Considering the decrease in PSV and EDV, and the increase in RI, which are the blood flow parameters of the amblyopic eye, our study may provide guidance to focus on increasing blood flow in the treatment of amblyopia.

Adiponectin has significant effects on adipose and other tissues. Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with cardiovascular and ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Adiponectinhas beneficial effects on cardio- and cerebrovascular disorders. However, itsrole in cerebral ischemia has not been adequately investigated and understood. This study aimedto examine the effect of adiponectin administration on acute brain injury in an experimental model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.The study animals were divided into the following four groups:group I, sham(did not undergo surgical intervention and didnot receivedrugs); group II, the I/R model (received the intervention, but did not receivedrugs); group III (I/R-adiponectin)(the I/R model was used, and the animals were treated with 5 mg/kg adiponectin peritoneally30 min after the ischemia); and group IV(I/R-tirofiban)(the I/R model was used,and the animals were treated with 0.5 mg/kg tirofiban peritoneally 30 min after the ischemia).Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β levels were statistically higher in the I/R group (group II) than in other groups. In the post-hoc (Tukey) test analysis, groups I, III, and IVhad significantly lower TNF-α and IL-1β levels after treatment with both tirofiban and adiponectin than group II. Nostatistically significant difference was found between groups III andIVin terms of TNF-α levels. However, the decreasedIL-1β level was more pronounced in group IV (tirofiban) than in other groups. The mean neurologic deficit scores were statistically significantly different amongthe groups. In the post-hoc (Tukey) test analysis, neurologic deficit scores were statistically significantly lowerin groups III andIV than in group II.Adiponectin has anti-inflammatory and cerebral protective effects in experimental cerebral I/Rinjury.

Published studies have shown that several factors affect the development of C5 palsy after cervical open-door laminoplasty. As such, predicting its occurrence preoperatively is not possible. The current study aimed to uncover factors that can predict the development of C5 palsy before surgery by evaluating several different parameters.A total of 177 patients who underwent surgery between 2015 and 2020 were included in the study. In total, C5 palsy was observed in 22 (12.4%) of our patients. The radiological and clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed and added to the data.A total of 177 patients who satisfied the criteria were included in the study, among whom 117 (66.1%) and 60 (33.9%) were male and female, respectively. Patients with ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) (92; 52.0%) needed surgery the most. C5 palsy developed in 16/92 (17.3%) patients who had surgery for OPLL. This result was statistically significant (p 0.001). However, a significant difference in the postoperative Pavlov ratio was noted between both groups (p = 0.027). The foraminal dimensions for the C5 palsy group were significantly lower than those for the non-C5 palsy group.Smaller C5 root foramina diameter measurements were the most important predictive factor for the development of C5 palsy after open-door cervical laminoplasty. Although the pathophysiology remains to be fully understood, ischemia-reperfusion injury supposedly plays a role therein.

AIM: To investigate the pullout strength of a pedicle screw reinserted through the same trajectory MATERIAL and METHODS: Fifty freshly frozen lamb L4 vertebrae were divided into the following five groups: Group 1, inserted with a 5-mm pedicle screw; Group 2, inserted with a 5-mm pedicle screw followed by the removal and reinsertion of the same screw after control; Group 3, inserted with a 5-mm pedicle screw followed by the removal and reinsertion of a 5.5-mm screw after control; Group 4, inserted with a 5.5-mm pedicle screw; and Group 5, inserted with a 5.5-mm pedicle screw followed by the removal and reinsertion of the same screw after control. Pedicle screws were inserted into the right pedicles, and axial pullout testing was performed at 5 mm/min. All data were recorded. A load-displacement curve was used to obtain the peak value of the pullout strength for all specimens. RESULTS: The mean pullout strengths were 1086.22 N, 1043.32 N, 1039.18, 1199.10, and 1131.68 N for Groups 1???5, respectively. No significant difference was observed among all groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Perioperative reinsertion of the same screw or (0.5 mm) larger in diameter through the same trajectory after the control of the screw trajectory did not affect the pullout strength of the screw.

Introduction: Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) occurring in intensive care units (ICUs) are an important risk factor for mortality and morbidity. In some patient groups followed in ICUs, the risk of developing nosocomial infections increases even more. Especially, patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) carry a serious risk for HAI when they are hospitalized in ICUs. Our aim is to determine the rate and incidence of hospital infection, the distribution of infections and the most common microorganisms in our ICU, to initiate appropriate empirical treatment and to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance. Material and Method: A total 158 patients with a diagnosis of hospital-acquired infection hospitalized between January 2017 and December 2019 at general internal medicine intensive care unit, were included in this study. The clinical findings, culture results and laboratory data of the patients were recorded. According to years, the HAI rate, density and infection agents in the ICU were determined. Results: 158 episodes of nosocomial infections were detected in 128 of 556 patients who were hospitalized within three years. The hospitalization day was 9048, and the three-year ICU HAI rate was calculated as 29.19%. HAI density was 17.45 in 1000 patient days. Bloodstream infection was the most common (30.38%), followed by ventilator-associated pneumonia (28.48%) and catheter-related urinary tract infection (24.68%). Gram-negative microorganisms were the most common infectious agents. Among the Gram-negative bacteria, the most frequently isolated bacteria were A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. Among Gram-positive bacteria, Enterococcus spp. was most frequently isolated Conclusion: The risk of HAI is high in patients hospitalized in ICUs. In order to control nosocomial infections, HAI incidences and rates should be evaluated, infectious agents, and prospective effective infection control strategies should be developed by taking necessary precautions according to surveillance results. These measures will significantly reduce the incidence of HAI.

Bu çalışmanın amacı; herhangi bir romantik ilişki yaşamış ve yaşamakta olan bireylerin romantik ilişkilerde sosyal medya kıskançlığını ölçen güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçek aracı geliştirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda aday ölçek formu oluşturma sürecinde; “niteliksel adımlar”dan (odak grup görüşmeleri, kompozisyon yazdırma, alan yazın ölçek taraması) ve “niceliksel adımlardan” (geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri) yararlanılmıştır. 57 maddelik formdan uzman değerlendirmeleri sonrası kapsam geçerlik oranı .80’in altında olan maddeler çıkartılmış ve 53 madde kalmıştır. Oluşturulan 53 maddelik ve beşli likert tipindeki denemelik ölçek formu herhangi bir romantik ilişki yaşayan veya yaşamış olan 18-56 yaş arasındaki 417 bireye uygulanmıştır. Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA)’nın temel sayıltıları sınanmış olup; AFA sonucunda “Kısıtlayıcı ve Kontrolcü Tutum” , “Şüpheci ve Gözetleyici Tutum” ve “Sosyal Medya Alanına Saygı ve Güven” olmak üzere 3 boyutlu toplam 21 maddeden oluşan yapı elde edilmiştir. RİSMKÖ psikolojik yapı geçerliğini incelemek amacıyla; AFA sonrasında oluşan 21 maddelik nihai form ile 332 birey ile yeniden veri toplanmış; DFA öncesi yine sayıltılar test edilmiş ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. DFA sonucunda; alt boyutlara ait standardize yük değerleri, değişkenlere ilişkin kestirilen hata varyansları, tüm maddelerin T değerleri ve model uyum iyiliği değerleri incelendiğinde ölçeğinin 21 maddeden oluşan 3 faktörlü yapısının bir model olarak doğrulandığı tespit edilmiştir. DFA sonrasında ölçeğin yakınsak geçerlik, ıraksak geçerlik ve birleştirici güvenirlik değerleri incelendiğinde genel anlamda ölçütlere uygun değerler olduğu görülmektedir. Son olarak; Cronbach alfa iç tutarlık katsayısı; ölçeğin tamamı için .922 , “Kısıtlayıcı ve Kontrolcü Tutum” için .878 , “Şüpheci ve Gözetleyici Tutum” için .881 , “Sosyal Medya Alanına Saygı ve Güven” için .878 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Tüm bu bulgular incelendiğinde; romantik ilişkilerde sosyal medya kıskançlığını ölçmede güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır., The aim of this study is to develop a reliable and valid scale tool that measures social media jealousy in romantic relationships of individuals who have had and are currently living in a romantic relationship. For this purpose, in the process of creating a candidate scale form; “qualitative steps” (focus group interviews, essay printing, literature scale scanning) and “quantitative steps” (validity and reliability analysis) were used. Items with content validity rate below .80 after expert evaluations were removed from the 57-item form and 53 items remained. The 53-item and five-point likert-type trial scale form was applied to 417 individuals between the ages of 18-56 who had or had a romantic relationship. The basic assumptions of Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) have been tested; As a result of EFA, a structure consisting of a total of 21 3-dimensional items, namely "Restrictive and Controlling Attitude", "Skeptical and Observant Attitude", and “Respect and Trust in the Field of Social Media”, was obtained. In order to examine the psychological construct validity of Social Media Jealousy in Romantic Relationships Scale; With the final form consisting of 21 items formed after EFA, data were collected again with 332 individuals; Before CFA, assumptions were tested and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. As a result of DFA; When the standardized load values of the sub-dimensions, the estimated error variances for the variables, the T values of all items and the goodness of fit of the model were examined, it was found that the 3-factor structure of the scale consisting of 21 items was confirmed as a model. When the convergent validity, divergent validity and combining reliability values of the scale after CFA are examined, it is seen that the values are suitable for the criteria in general. Finally; Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient; .922 for the whole scale, .878 for “Restrictive and Controlling Attitude”, .881 for “Skeptical and Observant Attitude”, and .878 for “Respect and Trust in Social Media”. When all these findings are examined; It was concluded that it is a reliable and valid scale for measuring social media jealousy in romantic relationships.

Objective: To investigate mortality in patients undergoing surgical treatment for spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and to identify the predictive factors. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 164 patients with sICH who underwent surgery at two institutions between 2010 and 2017 were retrospectively examined and analyzed. Results: Among 164 patients who received surgical treatment, 83 (50.6%) were women and 81 (49.4%) were men. The mean patient age was 56±14.54 years. Of all patients, 109 (66.4%) had hypertension. Hematoma was intraparenchymal in 69 (42.1%) patients, thalamic in 33 (20.1%), intraventricular in 33 (20.1%), and cerebellar in 29 (17.7%) patients. The mortality rate among patients who underwent surgery within the first 8 h of hematoma occurrence was 55.4%; this rate was 73% among those who underwent surgery 8-24 h after diagnosis, and 72.7% among those who underwent surgery 24-48 h after diagnosis. Conclusion: Prognosis and mortality associated with sICH are usually affected by patient age, hematoma location and volume, intraventricular hemorrhage, and patient’s initial neurologic status. We found no significant relationship between surgical treatment 8 h after hemorrhage and mortality. There are still discussions about the indications of surgical treatment in intracranial hematomas.

WOS: 000493903800003, PubMed: 31679317, Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical differences between human dura mater and dura mater substitutes to optimize biomimetic materials. Methods : Four groups were investigated. Group I used cranial dura mater (n=10), group II used Gore-Tex (R) Expanded Cardiovascular Patch (W.L. Gore & Associates Inc., Flagstaff, AZ, USA) (n=6), group III used Durepair (R) (Medtronic Inc., Goleta, CA, USA) (n= 6), and group IV used Tutopatch (R) (Tutogen Medical GmbH, Neunkirchen am Brand, Germany) (n=6). We used an axial compression machine to measure maximum tensile strength. Results : The mean tensile strengths were 7.01 +/- 0.77 MPa for group I, 22.03 +/- 0.60 MPa for group II, 19.59 +/- 0.65 MPa for group III, and 3.51 +/- 0.63 MPa for group IV. The materials in groups II and III were stronger than those in group I. However, the materials in group IV were weaker than those in group I. Conclusion : An important dura mater graft property is biomechanical similarity to cranial human dura mater. This biomechanical study contributed to the future development of artificial dura mater substitutes with biomechanical properties similar to those of human dura mater., Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine Health Science Institute Biomechanics Laboratory and Izmir Forensic Medicine Institution, The authors acknowledge the staff of the Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine Health Science Institute Biomechanics Laboratory and Izmir Forensic Medicine Institution for their technical support in the completion of this study.

WOS: 000473331200003, PubMed: 31089067, Objective : The primary aim of this investigation was to explore the nature of dura mater biomechanics following the introduction of puncture defect(s). Methods : Twenty-eight dura mater specimens were collected during autopsy from the department of forensic medicine of the authors' institution. Specimens were divided randomly into one of four groups : group I (cranial dura mater; n=7), group II (cranial dura mater with one puncture defect; n=7); group III (cranial dura mater with two puncture defects; n=7), and group IV (cranial dura mater with three puncture defects; n=7). Results : The mean +/- standard deviation tensile strengths of the dura mater were 8.35 +/- 3.16, 8.22 +/- 3.32, 7.13 +/- 1.77, and 6.94 +/- 1.93 MPa for groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively. There was no statistical difference between all groups. A single, two or more punctures of the dura mater using a 20-gauge Quincke needle did not affect cranial dura tensile strength. Conclusion : This biomechanical study may contribute to the future development of artificial dura mater substitutes and medical needles that have a lower negative impact on the biomechanical properties of dura mater.

Fâtımîlerde, Halife Âmir’in 1130’da vefatının ardından devlet içerisinde bir verâset sorunu baş gösterdi. Bu konuda bilgi veren kaynaklar oldukça ihtilaflıdır. Bazı müelliflere göre halifenin ölmeden birkaç ay önce Tayyib isminde bir oğlu olmuştu. Diğerlerine göre ise halifenin öldüğü esnada bir oğlu bulunmayıp hamile bir cariyesi vardı. Halife Âmir bu cariyeden doğacak çocuğu veliaht tayin etmişti. Genel olarak iki sınıfa ayrılan bu rivayetlere göre hanedanın en yaşlı üyesi olan Hâfız-lidînillâh da veliaht büyüyene kadar devleti vekâleten yönetecekti. Öncelikle Tayyib rivayeti ele alındığında böyle bir çocuğun tarihî varlığı hakkında şüpheler mevcuttur. Bununla birlikte bazı kaynaklarda çocuğun babasının ölümünden önce doğduğundan bahsedilmesine rağmen daha sonraki birkaç istisna haricinde, kaynaklarda adı zikredilmemektedir. Öbür taraftan Umâre el-Yemenî ve Dâi İdrîs gibi müellifler, eserlerine Mısır’dan Halife Âmir’den Yemen’deki hucceti olan Suleyhî hâkimesine gönderdiği doğum sicilini eklemişlerdir. Bu minvalde, Tayyib isminde çocuğun varlığı bize göre kesinlik kazanmaktadır. Diğer rivayette ise Âmir’in henüz anne karnında olup doğacak olan çocuğunu veliaht olarak tayin ettiği aktarılmaktadır. Daha önce bahsedilen Hâfız-lidînillâh da bu çocuğa vekâleten emanetçi imam vasfıyla tahtta bulunacaktı. Hâfız-lidînillâh’ın gerçek imamlığını açıkladığı tarih olan 1132 yılına kadar bu çocuğun doğması gerekirdi. Ancak Makrîzî dışında hiçbir müellif eserinde çocuğun doğumu hakkında bilgi vermemektedir. Buradan hareketle çocuğun doğumunun bir şekilde gizlendiği açığa çıkmaktadır. Nitekim o esnada devletin veziri olan Ebû Ali Ahmed b. Efdal, geçici halifeyi hapsetmiş, devletin ideolojisi olan İsmâiliye mezhebinin uygulamalarını ilgâ ederek ve sarayı da sıkı bir denetim altında tutarak doğacak çocuk hakkında bilgi almaya çalışmıştır. Hâfız-lidînilâh da vezirinden korktuğu için gerçek varisin ortaya çıkmasını istemedi. Öte yandan doğan çocuğun annesi de Hâfız-lidînillâh’dan korkarak çocuğu gizli bir şekilde saray dışına çıkarıp gizli tutmayı ilk etapta başardı. Akabinde Hâfız-lidînillâh, kendisine rakip gördüğü bu çocuğu öldürmek suretiyle tahta tek namzet kaldı. Anlatılan iki rivayetin hangisi doğru kabul edilirse edilsin, her ikisinde de birtakım eksiklikler vardır. Halifenin Tayyib adında bir veliahtı varsa insanlar ne diye bebeğin doğmasını beklediler? Doğacak çocuk rivayeti doğru kabul edilse bu sefer de Tayyib isminde bir çocuğun varlığı kesinken insanlar ileride neden Hâfız’a itaat ettiler? Rivayetler birlikte ele alındığında daha anlamlı bir tablo ortaya çıkmaktadır. İleride İsmaililerin Tayyibiye diye yeni bir kolu ortaya çıkmasına bakılırsa, kanaatimizce halifenin gerçekten de ölmeden önce Tayyib isminde bir oğlu oldu ve onu kendi veliahtı ilan etti. Ne var ki, İbnü’t-Tuveyr’in aktardığı gibi Halife, hamile olan cariyesinden bir oğlunun olacağını rüyasında gördü ve bu defa doğacak çocuğu yeni veliaht yapmak istedi. Onun haddizatında veliahtı varken sağlıklı doğacağı ve cinsiyeti henüz bilinmeyen bebeği veliaht yapması anlamsızdır. Halifenin bu tasarrufu ancak ve ancak temenni gibi gözükmektedir. Onun ani ölümünden sonra yakın gulamları, halifenin doğacak çocuk ile ilgili temennisini nas kabul etmek suretiyle, beklenen çocuğu veliaht yaptılar. Tayyib ise bu durumda gözden düşmüş ve muhtemelen Hâfız tarafından gizlenmek suretiyle ortadan kaldırılmıştır. Vezir Ebû Ali’nin ölümünden sonra da güçlenen Hâfız, saraydan kaçırılan yeni veliahtı bulmuş ve ondan da kurtularak artık gerçek halifeliğini ilan etmiştir. Daha sonra yayınladığı bir sicilde kendisini meşru kılmaya çalışarak imamlığına yani halifeliğine yönelik deliller sunmuştur. Halifenin sunduğu deliller incelendiğinde ise birçok konunun müphem kaldığı ve kanıtların gerçekten de imamlığına delil olmayacağı ortaya çıkmaktadır., In the Fāṭimids, after the death of Caliph al-Āmir in 1130, a succession problem arose within the state. The sources providing information on this subject are quite controversial. According to some authors, a few months before the caliph's death, a son called Tayyib was born. According to others, the caliph didn't have son at the time of his death, however, he had a pregnant concubine. Caliph Āmir appointed the infant to be born by this concubine as his heir. According to these reports which are generally divided into two classes, al-Ḥāfiẓ li-Dīn Allāh, the oldest member of the dynasty, was to rule the state as regent until the Caliph's heir grew up. Primarily, when Tayyib's narration is examined, there are doubts as to whether the Caliph had an infant. However, although in some sources it is mentioned that the infant was born before the death of his father, with a few exceptions, his name is not mentioned in the sources. On the other hand, authors such as ʿUmāra al-Yamanī and Idrīs ʿImād al-Dīn added to their accounts the infant’s birth registry that Caliph Āmir sent from Egypt to the Sulayhid’s ruler who was his vassal in Yemen. In this respect, the existence of an infant named Tayyib becomes certain for us. In the other narration, it is reported that Amir appointed the fetus in the womb as heir. The aforementioned al-Ḥāfiẓ li-Dīn Allāh would also be enthroned on behalf of this fetus as a trustee imam. This fetus had to be born by l132, the date when al-Ḥāfiẓ li-Dīn Allāh announced his true imamate. However, no author except al-Maqrīzī gives information about the birth of the infant in their accounts. From this point of view, it is revealed that the birth of the infant was somehow hidden. As a matter of fact, Abu Ali Ahmad b. Afdal who was vizier of the state, imprisoned the temporary caliph, abolished the practices of the Ismaili sect, which was the ideology of the state, and tried to obtain information about the fetus to be born by keeping the palace under strict control. al-Ḥāfiẓ li-Dīn Allāh did not want the real heir to appear because he was afraid of the vizier. On the other hand, the mother of the infant who was new born, was afraid of al-Ḥāfiẓ li-Dīn Allāh and managed to take the her infant out of the palace and keep it secret in the first place. Afterwards, al-Ḥāfiẓ li-Dīn Allāh was the only candidate to the throne by killing this infant whom he saw as his rival. No matter which of the two narrations is accepted as true, there are some shortcomings in both. As a matter of fact, if the caliph had had an heir named Tayyib, why did people expect the fetus to be born? On the other hand, if the report of a fetus to be born was accepted true, why did people obey al-Ḥāfiẓ li-Dīn Allāh in the future while the existence of a infant named Tayyib was certain? When the reports are considered together, a more meaningful picture comes out. Judging by the emergence of a new branch of the Ismailis called Tayyib, in our opinion, the Caliph actually had a son called Tayyib before he died and proclaimed him his heir. So what, as reported by Ibn al-Tuwayr, the Caliph dreamed that his pregnant concubine gave birth to a baby boy and this time he wanted to make the infant to be born the new heir. It is meaningless for him to declared a fetus who was to be born healthy and whose gender was not yet known, as heir. This practice of the caliph seems to be only his wish. After the sudden death of the caliph, his close ghulams, by accepting the caliph's wishes for the fetus to be born, as nas, made the expected infant Caliph's heir. Tayyib, on the other hand, was discredited in this situation and was probably hidden away by al-Ḥāfiẓ li-Dīn Allāh. After the death of the vizier Abu Ali, al-Ḥāfiẓ li-Dīn Allāh, who got stronger, found the new heir who was taken away from the palace and got rid of him and declared his real caliphate. He tried to legitimize himself in a register he published later, and presented evidence for his imamate, that is, his caliph. When the evidences presented by the caliph is examined, it becomes clear that many issues remain unclear and that the evidences were not really convincing proofs of his imamate.

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency virus is a chronic infection that attacks the immune system of the human body, particularly CD4 T lymphocytes. Combined antiretroviral therapies are highly effective in virological suppression of human immunodeficiency virus infection. It has been shown that some retroviral therapies have a higher nephrotoxicity potential. As a result of renal injury, serum creatinine increases, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate is reduced. The aim of our study was to assess changes in kidney function during a 24-month period in HIV-positive patients who were begun on combined antiretroviral therapy. Material-method: A total of 127 HIV positive patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into five groups; patients who received no therapy were designated as Group 1; those that received Dolutegravir/Abacavir/Lamivudine combination as Group 2; those that received Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate combination as Group 3; those that received Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Dolutegravir combination as Group 4; and those that received Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Raltegravir combination as Group 5. We compared the effects of these drugs on estimated glomerular filtration rate during a 24-month follow-up period. Results: At the 24th month of therapy, a significant difference was observed between the eGFR levels of the study groups (p:0.05). Serum creatinine level was significantly higher in Groups 4 and 5 compared to the other groups (p

1946-1950 yılları arasında en çok satılan ve en çok basılan gazete olma unvanını taşıyan Marko Paşa'nın hikayesidir

Objective : The aim of our study is to investigate the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects of newly synthesized boron compounds in U87MG glioblastoma cell treatment.Methods : We synthesized boron glycine monoester (BGM) and boron glycine diester (BGD) structures containing boron atoms and determined their cytotoxic activities on glioblastoma by the MTT method. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value was calculated with GraphPad Prism 5.0 program. The IC50 values were administered 48 hours on U87MG glioblastoma cell. Catalase (CAT), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (GSH), and total protein levels were detected using spectrophotometric methods. We determined the antimicrobial activities of BGM and BGD with the disc diffusion method.Results : After 48 hours of BGM and BGD application to U87MG glioblastoma cells, we found the IC50 value as 6.6 mM and 26 mM, respectively. CAT and ACP enzyme activities were decreased in BGM and BGD groups. MDA which is a metabolite of lipid peroxidation was increased in both boron compounds groups. GSH level was reduced especially in BGD group. BGM and BGD have been found to be antimicrobial effects.Conclusion : Boron compounds, especially the BGM, can provide a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of glioblastoma with their anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects.

Background: There are limited data on long-term outcome and mortality predictors of COVID-19 from different parts of the world. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors of 90-day mortality in critically-ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Turkish ICUs. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study was performed in 26 ICUs in Turkey. All patients with confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection, requiring more than 24 hours of ICU follow-up were included in the study. Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory variables, respiratory support, treatment types, and survival data were recorded. Results: A total of 421 patients were included in the study. The median age was 67 (IQR: 57-76) years, and 251 patients (59.6%) were men. 90-day mortality rate was 55.1%. Factors independently associated with 90-day mortality were receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (HR 4.09 [95% CI: 2.20-7.63]), admission lactate level > 2 mmol/L (2.78 [1.93-4.01]), age ≥ 60 years (2.45 [1.48-4.06)]), having cardiac arrhythmia during ICU stay (2.01 [1.27-3.20]), receiving vasopressor treatment (1.94 [1.32-2.84]), positive fluid balance of ≥ 600 ml/per day during ICU follow-up (1.68 [1.21-2.34]), admission PaO2/FiO2 ratio of ≤ 150 mmHg (1.66 [1.18-2.32], and baseline ECOG score ≥ 1 (1.42 [1.00-2.02]. Conclusion: This study has shown that long-term mortality was high in critically-ill COVID-19 patients in Turkish ICUs. Invasive mechanical ventilation, high lactate level, older age, presence of cardiac arrhythmia, need for vasopressor treatment, positive fluid balance, severe hypoxemia and not having fully-active performance were related with mortality.

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine and evaluate the clinical findings and affecting factors related to graft and patient survival in kidney transplant patients at Dicle University Hospital. Method: 72 patients who underwent kidney transplantation at Dicle University Medical Faculty Hospital between January 2012 and September 2019 were included in the study. Demographic characteristics of patients, transplantation types, clinical and laboratory findings, pre-transplant dialysis types, renal failure etiologies, post-transplant complications, average patient and graft survival times and patient characteristics at the time of diagnosis, laboratory values, and treatment modalities were investigated. Results: In this study, the data collected from 72 patients who had kidney transplantation and 68 donors was analysed. The mean age of the patients was 32,7±13,8 years. 31 of patients were female, 41 were male. 56 of the transplants were performed living donors and 12 from cadavers. 9 patients died. The mean of patient survival was 94±3,4 months. Graft loss occured in 15 patients. The mean of graft survival was 86±4,3 months. Acute rejection occured in 10 patients. Chronic allograft nephropathy occured in 19 patients. Chronic allograft nephropathy was found more frequently in patients with acute rejection (p=0.017). In addition, graft loss was more common in patients with chronic allograft nephropathy (p=0.002). The dialysis duration was less than 12 months, and the BMI of the recipient was below 30 had a positive effect on patient survival. Conclusion: Recipient obesity and long-term dialysis programs reduce patient survival. In addition, prevention of rejection has a positive effect on patient and graft survival. Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Dicle Üniversitesi Hastanesi’nde böbrek nakli yapılan hastalarda greft ve hasta sağkalımına ilişkin klinik bulguları ve etki eden faktörleri incelemek ve değerlendirmektir. Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Ocak 2012- Eylül 2019 tarihleri arasında Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi’nde böbrek nakli yapılan 72 hasta dahil edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların demografik özellikleri, nakil tipleri, klinik ve laboratuvar bulguları, nakil öncesi diyaliz tipleri, böbrek yetmezliği etyolojileri, nakil sonrası gelişen komplikasyonlar, ortalama hasta ve greft sağkalım süreleri ve bu süreleri etkileyen tanı anındaki hasta özellikleri, laboratuvar değerleri, tedavi modaliteleri araştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda böbrek nakli yapılan 72 hastanın ve 68 vericinin verileri analiz edildi. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 32,7±13,8 yıldı. 31 kadın, 41 erkek hasta vardı. Nakillerin 56’sı canlıdan, 12’si kadavradan yapılmıştı. Ortalama hasta sağkalımı 94±3,4 aydı. 15 hastada greft kaybı gelişmişti. 9 hasta eksitus olmuştu. Ortalama greft sağkalımı 86±4,3 aydı. 10 hastada akut rejeksiyon gelişmişti. 19 hastada kronik allograft nefropatisi gelişmişti. Kronik allograft nefropatisi, akut rejeksiyon gelişen hastalarda (p=0,017) daha sık saptandı. Ayrıca kronik allograft nefropatisi gelişen hastalarda greft kaybı daha sık olmaktaydı (p=0,002). Alıcının diyaliz süresinin ≤12 ay ve BKİ≤30 olması hasta sağkalımını olumlu etkilemişti. Sonuç: Alıcı obezitesi ve uzun süreli diyaliz programları hasta sağkalımını azaltmaktadır. Ayrıca rejeksiyonun önlenmesinin, hasta ve greft sağkalımına olumlu etkisi olmaktadır.

Background: There are limited data on the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 from different parts of the world. Aims: To determine risk factors of 90-day mortality in critically ill patients in Turkish intensive care units (ICUs), with respiratory failure. Study design: Retrospective, observational cohort. Methods: Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and who had been followed up in the ICUs with respiratory failure for more than 24 hours were included in the study. Their demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory variables, treatment protocols, and survival data were recorded. Results: A total of 421 patients were included. The median age was 67 (IQR: 57-76) years, and 251 patients (59.6%) were men. The 90-day mortality rate was 55.1%. The factors independently associated with 90-day mortality were invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (HR 4.09 [95% CI: [2.20-7.63], P2 mmol/L (2.78 [1.93-4.01], P= 60 years (2.45 [1.48-4.06)], P= 600 mL/day (1.68 [1.21-2.34], P=.002), PaO2/FiO(2) ratio of = 1 (1.42 [1.00-2.02], P=.050). Conclusion: Long-term mortality was high in critically ill patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in intensive care units in Turkey. Invasive mechanical ventilation, lactate level, age, cardiac arrhythmia, vasopressor therapy, positive fluid balance, severe hypoxemia and ECOG score were the independent risk factors for 90-day mortality. WOS:000700853600007 2-s2.0-85115428262 PubMed: 34558415

Aim To investigate the cytotoxic effects of boron application at different doses on U-87 MG glioblastoma cells. Material and methods The T98G (ATCC® CRL-1690?) glioblastoma cell strain used in the study was acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, USA). Boric acid solution was prepared by mechanical mixing in the medium. Afterwards, 2.5 mM, 25 mM and 50 mM boron were each added to U87-MG glioblastoma cells and incubated for 48 hours. The cytotoxic effects on the cells was determined using the MTT (Methylthiazole diphenyl tetrazolium) test 48 hours after boron application. Results IC50 value was detected as 17 mM in the 48-hour boric acid application on U-87 MG glioblastoma cells. Conclusion Boron treatment might be an effective approach for glioblastoma.

Background/Aim: To improve patient safety and surgical results, it is highly significant to understand the factors which cause high particle matter (PM) levels in the air of the operating room. The objective of this study was to investigate the particle amounts hanging in the air in the operating room in instrumented and non-instrumented cases during Neurosurgery operations. Methods: This was an analytical study comparing PM amounts measured in 21 non-instrumented and 22 instrumented cases performed in Kütahya Evliya Çelebi Training and Research Hospital NRS operating room between March-May 2019. Five spots were identified in the operating room and measurements were performed at these spots by the same researcher during the operation. “Particles Plus 8306” particle measurement device was used for the measurements performed for 11 weeks. Also, detailed information such as operation duration, number of team members in the operating room and operating time of vaporizers per operation were registered on a form. Results: PM0.5 and PM1 amounts were higher in instrumented operations compared to non-instrumented operations. All PM amounts (except PM 0.5) measured in instrumented and non-instrumented operations decreased towards the end of the operation compared to the beginning (P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001 for all). Conclusions: PM smaller than one micron were detected more in instrumented operations compared to non-instrumented operations, and the amounts of these particles increased with the number of team members present. All PM amounts increased with operation durations, and all PM (except PM 0.5) amounts measured in non-instrumented and instrumented operations gradually decreased towards the end of the operation compared to the beginning. Regularly checking the air flow and restricting entry and exit in and out of the operating room are necessary.

Kuşak kavramı ve kuşaklar arası farklılıklar, akademisyenler, uygulayıcılar ve popüler medya gibi birçok tarafın ilgisini çekmekte ve konuyla ilgili araştırma sayısı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bununla birlikte kuşak kavramının çok boyutlu yapısına odaklanan ve kuşak çalışmalarındaki sorunlara değinen sınırlı sayıda araştırma vardır. Bu doğrultuda, kuşakları daha iyi kavrayabilmek için kavramla ilgili varsayımların eleştirel bir biçimde sorgulanması önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kuşak kavramını analiz ederek ve kavramın bağlamından kopuk olarak ele alınmasının yarattığı sorunları sistematik bir şekilde ortaya koyarak kapsamlı bir çerçeve sunmaktır. Ayrıca pazarlama alanındaki kuşak literatürüne eleştirel bir bakış açısı ile katkı sağlanması hedeflenmiştir. Bunun için kavramın tarihsel gelişimi, tanımları ve kullanımındaki sorunlar tartışılmış ve pazarlama alanında kuşak farklılıklarına odaklanan çalışmalar literatür analizi yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Kuşaklar arası farklılıklarla ilgili literatürde karşılaşılan genel sorunlar, pazarlama alanındaki çalışmalar üzerinden betimlenmiştir. Bu noktadan hareketle kuşak kavramına dair bilgiye ilişkin kavrayış ve kuşaklarla ilgili araştırma tasarımları için önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Çalışmada sunulan çerçevenin hem araştırmacılar hem de uygulayıcıların kuşaklarla ilgili araştırma süreçlerine ve değerlendirmelerine katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

Amaç: Böbrek biyopsisi, böbrek parankimal hastalıkların histopatolojik tanısının konulmasında sıklıkla kullanılan altın standart bir yöntemdir. Böbrek biyopsi kayıtları ile böbrek hastalıklarının epidemiyolojisi belirlenir. Literatürdeki çalışmalar incelendiğinde proteinüri en sık böbrek biyopsi endikasyonu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Glomerulonefritler ise en sık (GN) görülen histopatolojik sonuçlar olmaktadır. GN histopatolojik alt tiplerinin dağılımı ise coğrafi bölge, yaş, etnik kökene göre değişebilmektedir. Bizde bu çalışmada bölgemizdeki böbrek biyopsi sonuçlarına göre erişkin nefropati profilini tespit etmeyi amaçladık. Çalışmanın sonuçları aynı zamanda GN olgularının yaş ve cinsiyete göre sıklığının belirlenmesine de yardımcı olacaktır. Yöntemler: Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Nefroloji Kliniğinde Ocak 2011–Aralık 2017 yılları arasında ultrason eşliğinde perkütan böbrek biyopsisi yapılıp tanısı konulan 441 hastanın dosyası retrospektif olarak incelendi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların cinsiyet, yaş, biyopsi tarihi, histopatolojik tanısı değerlendirildi. Yıllara göre biyopsi yapılan hasta sayıları analiz edildi. Ayrıca cinsiyete ve yaşa göre biyopsi tanıları incelendi. Hastalar 18-39 yaş, 40-59 yaş ve 60 yaş üstü diye 3 gruba ayrıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların %53.7’si (n=237) erkek, %46.3 (n=204) kadındı. Ortalama yaş 37.4 olup erkeklerin yaş ortalaması 39.9, kadınların 34.5 yıl idi. Tüm yaş ve cinsiyet gruplarında en sık görülen histopatolojik tanılar FSGS (%21.8), Membranöz GN (%20.4) ve IgA Nefropatisi (%11.6) olup; erkeklerde en sık Membranöz GN (%21.9), kadınlarda en sık FSGS (%24) olarak saptandı. 18-39 yaş arası 225 hastada en sık FSGS, 40-59 yaş arası 164 hastada en sık Membranöz GN, 60 yaş üstü 52 hastada ise en sık KTIN tanısı konuldu. Sonuç: Bölgemizde erişkin böbrek biyopsi sonuçları göstermektedir ki FSGS, Membranöz GN ve IgA nefropatisi en sık görülen primer glomerülopatilerdir. Sekonder GN’ler içerisinde en sık Lupus Nefriti ve Amiloidoz görülmektedir. Yaşla birlikte glomeruler hastalıklar azalmaktayken, Kronik Tubulointertisyel hastalıkların ve Amiloidozun sıklığı artmaktadır. Çalışmamızdaki sonuçlar ülkemizdeki böbrek biyopsi verileri ile benzerdi.

WOS: 000456394800006, Pregnancy-induced hypertensive complications (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome) contribute to a significant public health threat worldwide. HELLP syndrome is a life-threatening condition, usually seen in the last trimester in pregnant women. Elevation of liver enzymes, anemia due to hemolysis, and decrease in platelet count are the diagnostic triad. HELLP syndrome is especially associated with intracranial hemorrhage, which may increase mortality. This report presents successful treatment of a complicated patient with HELLP syndrome and intracranial hemorrhage.

Bu çalışmanın amacı tüketici mahremiyetinin korunması konusunda hangi aktörlerin sorumlu görüldüğü ve ne tür stratejilerin kullanılabileceğini belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nitel yöntemlerden faydalanılmıştır. Tüketici mahremiyeti konusunda yapılan çalışmalar literatür taraması ile belirlenmiş, araştırmanın amacı dikkate alınarak düzenlenen kriterler kapsamında analize dahil edilecek çalışmalara karar verilmiştir. Bu bağlamda tüketici mahremiyeti konusunda yapılmış olan 32 adet çalışmanın ilgili bölümleri içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre tüketici mahremiyetinin korunmasında en büyük sorumluluğun işletmelere düştüğüne dair yaygın bir görüş mevcuttur. İşletmelerin yanısıra devletten ailelere kadar çok çeşitli aktörlerün sorumlu görüldüğü ortaya çıkmıştır. Tüketici mahremiyetinin korunmasında uygulanabilecek stratejilerde ise işletmelerin geliştirecekleri standartlar, devlet tarafından düzenlenecek yasal yollar ve ilgili kurumların gerçekleştireceği tüketici eğitimleri gibi alternatiflerin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Tüketici mahremiyeti konusu ile ilgili tüm aktörlerin, mahremiyetin korunması konusunda sorumluluk alması bu ekosistem içerisindeki tüm taraflar için süreçlerin daha sorunsuz işlemesi açısından son derece önemlidir.

The objective of our study is to detect the patient group that will most benefit from intravenous (IV) thrombolytic therapy by showing predictive factors of good functional outcomes. The present study covers 88 patients who were admitted to our clinic within the first 4.5 hours from the onset of stroke symptoms, diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke and who received IV thrombolytic therapy between May 2014 and June 2017 as a result of a retrospective analysis of a database prospectively collected. The patients with a score of ≤2 on modified Rankin scale within 3 months were accepted as good functional outcome and those with a score of >2 were accepted as poor functional outcome. As a result, within the period of 3 months posttreatment, good functional outcomes were obtained in 45 (51.1%) patients and poor functional outcomes were obtained in 43 (48.9%) patients. In comparisons, cardioembolic stroke group was statistically significantly higher in the good functional outcome group ( P = .03). Pretreatment National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores ( P < .001), presence of proximal hyperintense middle cerebral artery sign in noncontrast computed brain tomography ( P = .03), and being aged ≥80 and older ( P = .04) were markedly higher in the group with poor functional outcomes. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that cardioembolic strokes may have an impact on good functional outcomes and being aged 80 and older, presence of proximal HMCAS in computed brain tomography, and pretreatment NIHSS scores may have an impact on poor functional outcomes.

One of the most important decisions in anindividual's life is career choice. The choice of a profession according tohis/her own abilities and criteria is especially important for all persons andinstitutions that will be affected by this disorder, especially for themselvesand their families. For this reason, it is necessary to understand theattitudes of the students to career alternatives and to explain the factorsaffecting these preferences. It is also important to understand their approachesto entrepreneurship as a career alternative that has received more attentionrecently. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine the factorsthat may affect the career alternatives evaluation of the students and therelative importance of these criteria. In addition, these factors wereevaluated on the basis of alternative career preferences. Especially, the roleof entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education in this process is examined.In line with the aims of the study, a questionnaire was applied to the studentsof Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Faculty of Economics and AdministrativeSciences. Of the questionnaires collected using the face-to-face survey method,292 were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed using the Microsoft Exceland SPSS 22 programs. According to the results of the study, the mostpreferable profession for the students is academicianship and it is followed byentrepreneurship. When assessed in the context of criteria, students have anegative attitude towards the private sector. The main criterionfor students in career preferences is job security and high income under thiscriterion. In the study, although entrepreneurship indicated as an importantcareer alternative, entrepreneurship education is not seen as an importantcareer choice criterion by students. Taking these findings into consideration,it can be said that the efforts for entrepreneurship education should be increasedand these efforts should be focused from the early stages of education., Bu çalışmanın amacıöğrencilerin kariyer alternatiflerini değerlendirmelerinde etkili olabilecekkriterleri ve bu kriterlerin göreli önemlerini belirlemektir. Ayrıca çalışmadasöz konusu kriterler alternatif kariyer tercihleri bazında değerlendirilmiştir.Bununla birlikte özellikle girişimcilik ve girişimcilik eğitiminin bu süreçtekirolü irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amaçları doğrultusunda Muğla Sıtkı KoçmanÜniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi öğrencilerine anketuygulanmıştır. Yüz yüze anket tekniği kullanılarak toplanan anketlerden 292tanesi analize dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre öğrenciler içinen tercih edilebilir meslek akademisyenliktir ve onu girişimcilik takipetmektedir. Kriterler bağlamında değerlendirildiğinde öğrenciler özel sektörhakkında olumsuz bir yaklaşıma sahiptir. Kariyer tercihlerinin belirlenmesindeöğrenciler için öne çıkan ana kriter iş güvencesi ve bu kriter altında elealınan yüksek gelir olmuştur. Öğrencilerin kariyer alternatif tercihlerindegirişimcilik ön planda olmasına karşın kariyer seçim kriterleri bağlamındagirişimcilik eğitiminin gerekli önemi görmediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu durumgöz önüne alındığında girişimcilik eğitimi konusunda gerçekleştirilen çabalarınartırılması ve bu konuya eğitimin erken dönemlerinden itibaren odaklanılmasıgerektiği söylenebilir.

Background and Aim: Instrumentation is commonly used in spinal surgery to stabilize the fracture. In the present study, we aimed to compare the early and late changes seen in bone production and degradation products in patients with traumatic spinal fracture who had been treated surgically or conservatively. Materials and Methods: Forty-three patients were admitted to the Neurosurgery Department with thoracolumbar or lumbar fracture in this prospective study. Patients were divided into two groups of surgically treated (n = 23) and nonsurgically/conservatively treated (n = 20) patients. The early and late changes seen in bone production and degradation products were compared in patients with traumatic spinal fracture who had been treated surgically or conservatively. Results: In conservatively treated patients, although osteocalcin level was slightly increased and deoxypiridinoline (DPD)/creatinine was slightly decreased after the treatment, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.08 and P = 0.539, respectively). There is no significant difference between admission time, posttreatment late period osteocalcin level, and DPD/creatinine ratio between the two group of patients (P = 0.215 and P = 0.236, respectively). Conclusion: We suggest that the healing and fusion processes in fractured vertebrae not only followed by the radiological examination but also by noninvasive biochemical changes seen in the serum levels of bone formation and resorption markers.

Purpose- This study aims to examine privacyfrom a consumer point of view and in relation to the Internet of Things. Methodology- The concepts of Internet of Thingsand consumer privacy are covered in this study. These two phenomena areconceptually evaluated, and the relation between them are analyzed throughapplications and examples. Findings- The monitoring of people's dailyactivities and recording of data about these activities cause concerns aboutthe privacy of personal data. Consumers are concerned about how and for whatpurpose the data collected about them is being used. Conclusion- Privacy concern can be an obstacle to consumers' adaptation to IoTtechnologies. Moreover, it also affects consumers' attitudes towards aparticular product, brand or business. For this reason, all actors responsiblefor the development of the IoT must be aware of the importance of consumer privacy.These actors should show sensitivity to the protection of personal data andconsumer privacy as well.