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Bu çalışmada, ağaç kesitlerinin ve artım kalemlerinin, taranarak bilgisayar ortamına aktarılmasından sonra, bilgisayar program ve yazılımlarının kullanılarak, kesitteki yıllık halka sayılarının ve genişliklerinin çok daha kısa zamanda, daha hassas ve yüksek doğrulukta belirlenebileceği belirtilmektedir. Tek ağaca ait hacim elemanlarının saptanması ve hesaplanması ile gövde analiz çalışmaları için yeni ve kombine bir yaklaşım önerilmektedir., In this study, it is stated that after the tree sections and increment pens are scanned and transferred to the computer, by using computer programs and software, the annual ring count and widths in the cross-section can be determined in a much shorter time, more precisely and with higher accuracy. A new and combined approach is proposed for the detection and calculation of the volume elements of a single tree and stem analysis studies.

Urban forests have become important elements of cities green fabric providing many ecosystem services including recreation. In this study, we proposed a model for urban forest management planning in the example of Istanbul, where urban sprawl has transformed the green infrastructure of the city dramatically. To this purpose, a total of 201 surveys were conducted through faceto-face interviews including those working as managers and technical staff in the forestry organization in Istanbul, academicians and NGOs. Subjects to be surveyed were determined according to the layered-simple random sampling method. The data were evaluated by descriptive statistics based on a variety of opinions about urban forest management planning in Turkey along with various socio-economic variables (gender, profession and experience). Whether there was any statistically significant difference between the groups was determined by Kruskal-Wallis H-Test. In case a difference was found, Duncan s Multiple Range Test was applied to detect the group(s) significantly different from each other. The results revealed that mainly males agreed on the purpose of urban forests as addressing recreational and social needs. All groups highlighted the lack of coordination and poor management system as main problems, while experienced and male subjects addressed that a new urban forest law is necessary. Mainly academicians and representatives of NGO s and related institutions suggested redefining the concept and restructuring the legislation concerning urban forests. In terms of activities, the majority favored hiking and sightseeing activities (51%), photography (42%), and extreme sports (37%). There was an emphasis on the need for sufficient number of hiking, climbing and cycling trails and botanical gardens. As a result, a model plan based on sustainable resource management ensuring multi-purpose utilization was proposed.

If the tree is cut planned or unplanned, the DBH (the diameter at breast height) cannot be measured and only the stump aboveground. Therefore, other dimensions of the tree (DBH, volume, etc.) need to be estimated based on the variables of stump. In this study, it is aimed to be determined the relationship between the stump diameter at 0.30 m and DBH for each age class and general level in pure sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl) stands of Northern Marmara. In addition, estimating the DBH with the stump height (hdk) and stump diameter (ddk) at this height is another purpose of this study. In this context, measurements were carried out on 726 trees determined by 1 Subject - 10 neighboring tree method in 66 sample points taken from pure sessile oak stands of the northern part of the Marmara Region which are distributed in different sites and in age classes II, III, IV, V and VI., whose age classes are 20 years in width. The tree regression models in the form of linear, polynomial and power function were tested in order to estimate DBH with the stump diameter at 0.30 m. In addition, 3 different regression models were formed in logarithmic form to estimate the DBH with the stump height and stump diameter at this height. It was concluded that the models tested for the stump diameter at 0.30 m with DBH explained the variation in DBH between 89.8% and 96.7% and the linear model was suitable for this relationship. The age classes were compared with the F test in terms of the relationship between the stump diameter at 0.30 m and DBH, it was concluded that the age classes differ from each other except III. and IV. age classes. It was determined that regression models established to estimate the DBH with the stump height and stump diameter at this height and explain the variation in DBH between 91.4% and 92.8% and estimate the DBH with 1.76-1.96 cm standard error. It is also important to model the stump diameter-the diameter at breast height relationship for oak tree species other than sessile oak., Ağacın planlı ya da plansız kesilmesi durumunda göğüs çapı ölçülememekte sadece toprak üstünde kütük kısmı kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle ağacın diğer boyutlarının (göğüs çapı, hacim vb.), kütüğün sahip olduğu değişkenlere göre tahmin edilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Kuzey Marmara’da yayılış gösteren saf sapsız meşe (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl) meşcerelerinde, 0,30 m yüksekliğindeki kütük çapı (d0,30) ile göğüs çapı (d1,30) arasındaki ilişkinin her bir yaş sınıfı ve genel bazda belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca göğüs çapının (d1,30), kütük yüksekliği (hdk) ve bu yükseklikteki kütük çapı (ddk) ile tahmin edilmesi de bu çalışmanın diğer bir amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Marmara Bölgesi’nin kuzey bölümünün değişik yetişme ortamlarında yayılış gösteren ve yaş sınıfları genişliği 20 yıl olan saf sapsız meşe meşcerelerinin II, III, IV, V ve VI. yaş sınıflarında alınan 66 örnek noktasında, 1 Konu - 10 Komşu ağaç yöntemiyle belirlenen toplam 726 ağaçta ölçümler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Göğüs çapını, 0,30 m’deki kütük çapı ile tahmin etmek amacıyla Doğru, Polinom ve Güç fonksiyonu formunda olmak üzere 3 farklı regresyon modeli denenmiştir. Ayrıca göğüs çapını, kütük yüksekliği ve bu yükseklikteki kütük çapı ile tahmin etmek için de logaritmik formda 3 farklı regresyon modeli oluşturulmuştur. 0,30 m yüksekliğindeki kütük çapı ile göğüs çapı için oluşturulan modellerin göğüs çapındaki varyasyonu % 89,8-96,7 arasında açıkladıkları ve bu ilişki için doğrusal modelin uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. 0,30 m yüksekliğindeki kütük çapı ile göğüs çapı ilişkisi bakımından yaş sınıfları F testi ile karşılaştırılmış, III. ve IV. yaş sınıfları arasında bir farkın olmadığı, diğer yaş sınıflarının birbirlerinden farklı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Göğüs çapını, kütük yüksekliği ve bu yükseklikteki kütük çapı ile tahmin etmek için oluşturulan regresyon modellerinin, göğüs çapındaki varyasyonu %91,4-%92,8 arasında açıkladıkları ve 1,76-1,96 cm standart hata ile göğüs çapını tahmin ettikleri belirlenmiştir. Sapsız meşe dışındaki diğer meşe türleri için de kütük çapı- göğüs çapı ilişkisinin modellenmesi önemlidir.

Plants belonging to the Ericaceae family, which grow endemically in some parts of the world, contain grayanotoxin, which causes fatal bradyarrhythmia and circulatory collapse. Mad honey, which comes from plants with grayanotoxin, has various uses, namely, as an aphrodisiac, as an alternative therapy for GI disorders such as peptic ulcer, dyspepsia, and gastritis, and as a treatment for hypertension. However, GI, neurological and cardiac side effects may arise from its ingestion due to the grayanotoxin contained by this type of honey. Cardiac rhythm disturbances, sinus bradycardia, and other life-threatening side effects can occur, especially atrioventricular (AV) block and nodal rhythms. In this article, we present five honey poisoning cases involving adults who were admitted to our ED. Notably, one of the patients was unresponsive to atropine, so a temporary pacemaker was inserted, after which the patient was moved to the coronary ICU. Meanwhile, the cardiac rhythm of the other cases returned to normal in the follow-up after atropine administration.

Objective To compare surgical risk scores including Euroscore II, STS and Logistic Euroscore for their predictive ability about postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). Study design Prospective cohort study. Place and duration of study Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Gaziosmanpasa Hospital and Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, from June to December 2018. Methodology One hundred and four patients, undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting operation, were enrolled. Surgical risk scores, clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic parameters were compared between POAF-positive and POAF-negative groups Results: Of the 104 patients included, 23 (22.1%) patients developed atrial fibrillation postoperatively. Peripheral artery disease, carotid artery disease, current smoking, cardiopulmonary bypass time, left atrial diameter, and Syntax II score were found to be associated with POAF. Among these, peripheral artery disease and cardiopulmonary bypass time were independently related with POAF. Euroscore II (p = 0.005), STS (p = 0.026) and Logistic Euroscore (p = 0.032) were all statistically higher in POAF developing patients. In terms of ROC analysis, area under the curve was higher in Euroscore II (0.697) than STS and Logistic Euroscore (0.658 and 0.652, respectively). Conclusion Euroscore II, STS and Logistic Euroscore were all associated with POAF development. However, Euroscore II could be a better option for the prediction of POAF.

Biomass estimation-calculation methods in easy, economic and high accuracy are currently valuable researches depending on increasing importance on estimations of bioenergy, carbon stocks and budgets in forest ecosystems. Weights of biomass and biomass components are given oven dry mass because of the necessity of the estimation of biomass in low bias and variability of moisture. For this reason, estimation-determination of moisture contents in high accuracy and using for similar species provide convenience. Present study was conducted on coppice originated pure oak (Quercus) stands to determine the moisture contents of biomass components in Northern Thrace. Moisture contents of five different biomass components (foliage, branch, crown, stem and total aboveground) on 474 destructively sampled trees from different oak species (Hungary Oak, Turkey Oak, Sessile Oak) and development stages (Ma,Mb,Mc). Statistical comparison of moisture contents regarding as species and development stages were performed with Bonferroni-Dunn test. In conclusion, moisture contents of branch and crown showed significantly difference at p=0.05 significance level, stem moisture contents did not significantly differ and moisture of above ground biomass of A development stage was 36% and significantly different from other stages (Mb and Mc, 38%) in comparison of development stages without species discrimination. Moisture contents of foliage, branch and crown of Turkey Oak were significantly different at p=0.05 significance level, moisture contents of stem and above ground biomass did not show significantly difference in comparison of oak species., Orman ekosistemlerinde, biyoenerji, karbon stokları ve bütçe hesaplamalarında artan önemine bağlı olarak biyokütle araştırmalarının kolay, ekonomik ve yüksek doğrulukta hesaplama-belirleme yöntemleri güncel değerdedir. Biyokütlenin düşük hata ile belirlenmesinin gerekliliği ve bitkisel bileşenlerin nem oranlarının çok değişken olmasından dolayı, bitkisel kütle ve bileşenlerin ağırlıkları fırın kurusu olarak verilmektedir. Bu sebeple, nem oranlarının yüksek doğrulukta tahmini, belirlenmesi ve benzer türler için kullanımı kolaylık sağlayacaktır. Bu amaçla gerçekleştirilen çalışma, Kuzey Trakya baltalık kökenli saf meşe (Quercus) meşcerelerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Farklı meşe türleri (Macar Meşesi, Saçlı Meşe, Sapsız Meşe) ve farklı gelişim çağlarında (Ma,Mb,Mc) yıkıcı örnekleme ile örneklenen toplam 474 ağaçtan beş farklı biyokütle bileşeni (yaprak, dal, taç, gövde, toplam toprak üstü) nem oranları belirlenmiştir. Meşe türlerinin ve gelişim çağlarının biyokütle bileşenlerinin nem oranları bakımından karşılaştırılması, Bonferroni-Dunn testi ile yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak tür ayrımı yapılmadan gelişim çağlarının karşılaştırılmasında yaprak, dal ve taç nem oranları bakımından p=0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde gelişim çağlarının farklılık gösterdiği, gövde nem oranı bakımından gelişim çağları arasında herhangi bir farklılığın bulunmadığı, toplam toprak üstü nem bakımından ise sadece Ma gelişim çağı yaklaşık % 36’lık nem oranı ile diğer gelişim çağlarından (Mb ve Mc yaklaşık % 38) farklılık göstermektedir. Gelişim çağı ayrımı yapılmadan meşe türlerinin karşılaştırılmasında, yaprak, dal ve taç nem oranları bakımından p=0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde sadece saçlı meşenin diğer türlerden farklı olduğu, gövde ve toplam toprak üstü nem oranları bakımından ise türler arasında herhangi bir farkın olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Introduction: Imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines secreted from visceral adipose tissue (VAT) contributes to the pathogenesis of certain cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a form of VAT mainly concentrated along the coronary arteries. It has been shown in various studies that EAT thickness is positively correlated with cardiovascular disease. Due to its high worldwide prevalence, prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a major public health challenge. Metformin, the most widely prescribed drug to treat T2D, has favorable effects on VAT and body weight. As metformin decreases VAT mass, in this prospective study we analyzed the possible positive effect of metformin on EAT mass, which is organ-specific VAT, and body mass index (BMI). Methods: Subjects were selected from patients admitted to the internal medicine outpatient clinic. Newly diagnosed T2D patients treated with metformin monotherapy were analyzed and 40 patients were included. EAT thickness in the included patients was measured echocardiographically. BMI and EAT thickness were analyzed at the beginning (BMI0 and EAT0) and after three months of metformin monotherapy (BMI3 and EAT3). Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in EAT thickness after three months of metformin monotherapy (EAT0=5.07±1.33 mm vs. EAT3=4.76±1.32 mm; p

In this study, the basal area increment models were developed to be both age dependent and independent with a stepwise multiple regression analysis for coppice-originated pure sessile oak stands in the Marmara region, which is located in north-western Turkey. Data was obtained from a total of 73 sample trees, which were sampled from coppice-originated pure sessile oak stands over different growth periods and in different site conditions. The most suitable competition variable was determined by examining the correlations between the 24 competition index values and calculated using different approaches and the basal area increment. The individual tree basal area increment models were obtained as functions of tree size, competition, age, and site characteristics. The most important variables that affect the basal area increment in the age-dependent model were the diameter at breast height (DBH) (36.1%), competition index (26.4%), and age (10%). For the age-independent model, the variables are the competition index (32.6%), DBH (30.3%), and the site index (3%), according to the relative importance values. The age-dependent model explained the increased variation of 10% and predicted a 13% decrease in error in the basal area increment than the age-independent model.

Pollarding of oak trees for livestock and animal feeding is a traditional application, and it has been used for centuries from generation to generation in southern and southeastern Turkey. Estimation of the fresh sprout biomass (FSB) potential of pollarded oak forests in high accuracy is important for sustainable forest management. In the present study, 40 trees were sampled from Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) stands that have been irregularly pollarded for animal husbandry in Adıyaman, southeastern Turkey. In order to estimate FSB, a multiple logarithmic linear model was developed with explanatory variables such as tree diameter at breast height (DBH), total tree height (H), mean sprout length (SL), and mean sprout age (SA), which are in a significant relationship with FSB. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to fit this multiple logarithmic linear model and to determine the best independent variable set. As a result of stepwise regression analysis, three models were obtained in which SL, DBH, and SA are independent variables. Model 1 estimates the FSB by taking only SL, Model 2 uses SL and DBH, and Model 3 uses SL, DBH, and SA as independent variables. All models were significant at p = 0.001 level. Model 1 explained the variation in FSB by 65%, Model 2 by 81%, and Model 3 by 86%. Inclusion of DBH in the model (Model 2) decreased the mean absolute error (MAE) of FSB by 26% and the inclusion of SA (Model 3) decreased MAE by 43%.

BackgroundVenous thromboembolism clinically presenting with a deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism is among the most commonly seen cardiovascular syndromes. The aim of this case presentation is to emphasise the typical electrocardiographic findings that are detected with massive pulmonary embolism along with the electrocardiographic S1Q3 and S1Q3T3 accompanied by T negativity at the D3 derivation based on prevalent T negativity.Case presentationWe present the case of an adult male who presented with a massive pulmonary embolism that was associated with tachycardia, haemoptysis and typical S1Q3T3 electrocardiographic findings. Tomographic findings showed filling defects in the two main pulmonary artery lumens, which were found to be compatible with a massive embolism. Intravenous heparin was injected (5000 IU), and low molecule weight heparin (LMWH) treatment was initiated. After two days of observation and treatment in the coronary intensive care unit, the patient was discharged for outpatient care.DiscussionMassive pulmonary embolism is an urgent life-threatening clinical situation that is frequently confused with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. The definitive diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism was made with a computed tomography pulmonary angiogram. Electrocardiographic findings and hypoxic hypercarbia in the blood gas analysis are typical. Early diagnosis with laboratory and imaging investigations is vital in the treatment and prognosis of pulmonary embolism.ConclusionsVentricular overload signs accompanied by ST segment elevation in electrocardiography and S1Q3 and prevalent T negativity are crucial features in terms of distinguishing between pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction and selecting effective treatments for patients admitted to the emergency department.

The research was carried out in the coppice-originated pure oak stands that are being converted to high forests in northwest Turkey. The main goal of the research was to determine the bark thickness (BT) based on tree variables, such as tree diameter at breast height (DBH), total tree height (H), crown diameter (CD), and age (AGE) of the stem sections taken from a total of 350 trees that were destructively sampled from different sites, different oak species (Quercus petraea, Quercus frainetto, Quercus cerris), and different development stages. Models were developed with stepwise multiple regression analysis to predict BT based on the variables. For all oak species, all models obtained by stepwise multiple regression analysis were found to be significant at p = 0.001 level. In Quercus petraea, only the DBH-dependent model explained the variation in BT at a rate of 73%, estimating with an absolute error rate of 21%. The fit statistics of the models (based on DBH and DBH-H explanatory variables) obtained for Quercus frainetto are very close to each other, and they explained the variation in BT at a rate of 69% and estimated with an error rate of 26%. Models (based on DBH and DBH-H explanatory variables) explain the variation in BT in Turkey oak at a rate of 91%, indicating species-specific results. The models based on only DBH can be used with high accuracy to estimate BT.

Open-pit mines have significant adverse water quality impacts and end pit lakes formed from abandoned open-pit coal mines have commonly environmental problems. Determining and monitoring of the chemical water characteristics of end pit lakes are very important and play a key role in understanding the anthropogenic impact. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of different macro-elements (potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P)), heavy metals (iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn)), and different water parameters (acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), temperature (°C), and dissolved oxygen (O2)) in 11 end pit lakes formed after coal mining operations in Agacli-Istanbul, Turkey. All investigated characteristics in lake waters showed significant differences in temporal and between lakes. When the relationships between element concentrations and other parameters (pH, EC, °C, and O2) were examined, pH emerged as the most effective factor has a wide range, and has a negative correlation with P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Mn. The EC in the lake waters was positively correlated with the changes of Ca, Mg, K, and P, while it showed a negative correlation with Na concentration. Besides, dissolved O2 content was positively related to Fe and Cu and negatively related to water temperature change. Results showed that monitoring the water characteristics of end pit lakes is essential indicating the major concern with water pH. The results on water parameters may be a valuable basis for the preparation of management plans of the post-mining landscape.

Biomass equations were developed for different components of oak trees (Quercus cerris L.), which have been managed in coppices at different development stages—small-diameter forest (SDF) and medium-diameter forest (MDF). In this context, four biomass regression models—two based on diameter at breast height (DBH) alone and two based on DBH and total tree height (H)—were developed for each of the crown, stem, and total aboveground biomass components. Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), root mean square error percentage (RMSE (%)), mean absolute error percentage (MAE (%)), adjusted coefficient of determination (Adj.R2), and bias values were used to evaluate and compare the suitability of a total of 12 regression models developed for biomass components. As a result, in the estimation of crown biomass, only DBH-based models provided higher estimation accuracy than DBH-H-based models. For the most suitable model, estimated values were Adj.R2 = 0.60, bias = − 0.009, RMSE = 66%, and MAE = 41%. In models developed to estimate stem biomass, the estimation accuracy of DBH-H-based models was higher. In the goodness-of-fit statistics calculated for the most suitable model, Adj.R2, bias, RMSE, and MAE were 0.89, 0.010, 38%, and 23%, respectively. The models developed to estimate the total aboveground biomass were all close in terms of estimation accuracy. The biomass components (crown and stem) in the total aboveground biomass were proportionally as follows: crown at 38% and stem at 62% in the SDF stage, and crown at 35% and stem at 65% in the MDF stage, indicating lower crown and higher stem partitioning as the development stage increased.

Following percutaneous vertebroplasty for vertebral compression fracture 6 years prior, late pulmonary cement embolism developed after leakage of the cement into the paravertebral venous plexus.

The biomass, carbon and nitrogen storage in the single tree components (foliage, branch, crown, bark, stem and total aboveground) of the grey poplar (Populus × canescens) in its distribution in Eastern Anatolia (Van, Turkey) were determined and modelled. The biomass, carbon and nitrogen storages were not estimated at a stand level but were based on single trees. Regression models based on the tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and total tree height (H) were developed to estimate the biomass, carbon (C) storage and nitrogen (N) storage of the different tree components of a total of 28 grey poplar trees. The two main regression models in the power function were developed based only on the DBH (Model 1) and the combination of the DBH and height (D2H) (Model 2). All regression models, except for those of the foliage components, developed to estimate the biomass and C and N storages of the tree components were found to be statistically significant (p

Introduction-patients: Takayasu arteritis may involve various parts of the aorta and its major branches. It leads to occlusive or aneurysmal disease of the vessel. It can be treated either with surgery or percutaneous intervention. We report a successful endovascular treatment of stenosis of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta in a 19-year-old female. Methods-results-conclusions: Self-expandable nitinol stent was deployed and adequate opening of the aorta was obtained in this patient. Long-term durability of endovascular approach is a matter of debate. We also reviewed the sufficiency of endovascular treatment versus surgery.

Ozdemir, Emrah/0000-0001-5051-4753; BESKARDES, VEDAT/0000-0002-7404-6357; Yilmaz, Ersel/0000-0002-8671-7365 WOS: 000475673000006 In this study, individual tree-biomass equations are developed for the different biomass components (foliage, branch, bark, stem, and total aboveground biomass) of Quercus frainetto Ten., Quercus cerris L., and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. species, which are the main oak species in coppice-originated oak forests. This research was conducted in northern Turkish Thrace, an important coppice-oak area. A total of 474 oak trees at different development stages over different sites were destructively sampled to obtain biomass models of the major oak species in the region. Two main biomass models are established to estimate the biomass components: according to the diameter at breast height (DBH) alone and according to the d(2)h variable, which is the combined DBH and tree height. The goodness-of-fit statistics of the models are calculated to compare these models. The models that use the DBH alone as an independent variable explain 68-95% of the variation in the biomass of the tree components. After adding the tree height to the model, the accuracy for the bark-, stem-, and total aboveground-biomass estimates increased, while the accuracy of the foliage- and branch-biomass estimates decreased. Different oak species have different biomass components depending on their development stages. The amount of biomass components in the total aboveground biomass and foliage decreased from 20% (SDF) to 4% (LDF), the amount of bark decreased from 17% (SDF) to 12% (LDF), and the amount of stems increased from 42% (SDF) to 66% (LDF) when increasing the mean DBH of the sample plots. TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TOVAG-107O750]; Istanbul University Research Projects Coordination Unit Project [BEK-2016-21771] The present study was financed by TUBITAK Project Number TOVAG-107O750. This work was supported by Istanbul University Research Projects Coordination Unit Project Number BEK-2016-21771. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and editor for valuable comments and recommendations which significantly improved the original manuscript.

Govde analizi, tek agacin gecmis donemlerdeki artim ve buyume verilerini ayrintili bir sekilde degerlendiren ve degisik ormancilik bilim dallarinda sikca kullanilan bir yontemdir. Govde analizinin ham verilerini, bolumleme yontemi ile tek agactan alinan kesitler uzerinde gerceklestirilen yillik halka sayim ve olcum islemleri olusturmaktadir. Elde edilen bu ham verilerin degerlendirilmesi oldukca zaman almaktadir. Bu nedenle govde analizinin kisa surede ve etkin bir sekilde yapilmasi icin bu calisma kapsaminda bir bilgisayar programi gelistirilmistir. Govde analizi ham verilerini sayisal ve grafik olarak degerlendirmek icin gelistirilen bu bilgisayar yazilimi, gunumuzde oldukca yaygin kullanilan MS Excel 2013 programinin Visual Basic For Application ozelliginden yararlanilarak makro olarak programlanmistir. Gelistirilen bu programda degisik yaslardaki (periyotlardaki) boy degerlerinin hesaplanmasi icin iki farkli yaklasimla boylanma modeli olusturulmakta, istenen donem (periyot) uzunluklarina gore, bolumleme yontemine gore tek agacin hacmi, kesit yuzeyleri, cap, boy ve hacim artimlari ile hacim artim yuzdeleri ve gogus boyu govde sekil katsayilari hesaplanmaktadir. Hesaplanan bu degerler tablo halinde verilmektedir. Cap boy, hacim ve bu degiskenlerin artimlari ile hacim artim yuzdesi ve gogus boyu govde sekil katsayisinin periyodik yaslara gore gelisimleri ise grafik olarak verilmektedir. Ayrica programdan, agacin gecmis donemlerdeki boy, cap ve sekil gelisimlerini gosteren govde modeli de grafik olarak alinabilmektedir.

In related research, learning approaches and learning strategies have been reported as important variables influencing the quality of student learning. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the learning approaches and the language learning strategies of higher education students. The research was conducted with the participation of 493 freshmen (M=257, F=236) attending various departments at Balikesir University in Turkey. For research purposes, the Turkish versions of Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) and the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) were used. After the reliability of both instruments was computed, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. The findings showed that students’ learning approaches were associated with their learning strategy use. The results provided further evidence that gender and field of study might have an impact on learning approach adoption and language learning strategy use. One of the more significant findings to emerge from this study was that engineering students had the highest total mean scores in deep and strategic approach and made use of learning strategies the most.

BESKARDES, VEDAT/0000-0002-7404-6357; Ozdemir, Emrah/0000-0001-5051-4753; Yilmaz, Ersel/0000-0002-8671-7365 WOS: 000423871600002 Coppice management results in profound differences in forest structure and composition, which in turn can modify habitat value for bird species. We measured bird species richness and composition at 50 sample plots in pure oak forest stands in northwestern Turkey, which differed in age, cover and height in association with coppice management. We recorded a total of 38 bird species and 699 individuals across all stands. Regression-based multimodel inference showed that structural features of forest stands strongly affect bird diversity and abundance. While canopy cover and tree height affect bird diversity positively, elevation of sampling plots, tree density and tree diameter at breast height (DBH) had a negative effect. In addition, constrained ordination analyses revealed that canopy cover was the most important factor influencing bird species composition. Forest stands that have 42-85% canopy cover, i.e., a few (2009-2580 oak trees) large tall (13.36-15.78 m) trees, were the most preferred habitat by bird species. However, we also found that different bird species favor different stand structural features. Thus, variation in stand structure from maintaining some coppice management across the landscape may be beneficial for rare or endangered species and result in greater landscape level biodiversity. Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TO-VAG-107O750]; Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul UniversityIstanbul University [UDP-34590] This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Project Number: TO-VAG-107O750. We thank Dr. Servet Caliskan, Dr. Hatice Yilmaz and Dr. Ohran Sevgi for their valuable contributions. This study was also supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University (Project number: UDP-34590)

Cases of significant defoliation in oak (Quercus spp.) forests have been reported in Turkey and throughout the world. Oak trees are important in Turkish forests and forestry and cover vast pieces of land in Thrace. In this study, in a quest to determine the general health condition of pure oak forests in Northern Turkish Thrace, the defoliation rate of tree crowns was evaluated for 8,769 trees in 336 sample plots corresponding to different geological parent materials, regions, oak species and stand types. The defoliation rates were designated and assessed based on the criteria of the European Union Forest Health Monitoring Program (UNECE-ICP Forests). The defoliation rate was, to a significant extent, affected by stand type, the geological parent material, and oak species. In general, 47 % of trees exhibited defoliation. The highest ratio of defoliation was found in Kırklareli Region, where water deficit was the highest, and the parent material was schist-calcschist. Medium diameter forests (MDF, mean dbh: 8–20 cm, ratio of defoliated trees = 65 %) among stand types, and sessile oaks (ratio of defoliated trees = 53 %) among oak species, had the highest defoliation rates. Achieved results demonstrated that the defoliation classes in observed oak stands have a significant relation with variables concerning stand types, oak species and geological parent materials., Se han notificado casos de defoliación significativa en bosques de encina (Quercus spp.) en Turquía y en el mundo. Las encinas son importantes en los bosques turcos y cubren grandes extensiones en Tracia. En este estudio, para determinar el estado de salud general de los bosques de encina puros, en Tracia turca septentrional, se evaluó la tasa de defoliación de las copas de los árboles en 336 parcelas correspondientes a diferentes materiales geológicos formadores del suelo, regions geográficas, especies de encina y tipos de rodales. Las tasas de defoliación fueron evaluadas a base de los criterios del Programa de Vigilancia de la Salud Forestal de la Unión Europea (UNECE-ICP Forests). La tasa de defoliación fue, en gran medida, afectada por el tipo de rodal, el material de origen geológico y las especies de encina. En general, el 47 % de los árboles presentaba defoliación. La mayor proporción de defoliación se encontró en la región de Kirklareli, donde el déficit hídrico fue el más alto y el material parental fue calcáreo; en los bosques de diámetro medio (dap promedio: 8-20 cm, proporción de árboles defoliados = 65 %) entre los tipos de rodales, y en las encinas sésiles (proporción de árboles defoliados = 53 %) entre las especies de encina. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que las clases de defoliación en los rodales de encina tienen relación significativa con variables relativas a tipos de rodales, especies de encinas y materiales parentales geológicos.

Background The relationship between cardiovascular diseases and the diurnal blood pressure (BP) rhythm was researched in many studies. It has been demonstrated that the nondipping pattern has been associated with target organ damage and worsened cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between aortic elasticity parameters and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and diastolic dysfunction in terms of “dipper” and “nondipper” hypertension subtypes. Methods A total of 60 hypertensive patients without known coronary heart disease were recruited to our study. All patients were classified as “dipper” or “nondipper” after ambulatory BP follow-up. Patients' left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions were assessed with transthoracic echocardiography. Ascending aorta diameters and CIMT were measured by ultrasonography and the elasticity parameters of aorta were calculated by using relevant formula. Results There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to demographic, biochemical data, and cardiovascular risk factors. Aortic stiffness was significantly increased in nondippers, whereas aortic strain and distensibility were significantly decreased (P = 0.005, P = 0.005, and P = 0.024, respectively). Carotid artery IMT was significantly increased in nondippers compared to dippers (P = 0.013). A significant correlation was noted between CIMT and mean BP. No significant difference was detected between 2 groups in terms of LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Conclusion In our study, we showed that impairment of aortic elasticity parameters and increase in CIMT as a predictor of end organ damage were more often in the nondipper hypertensive patients.

Seasonal changes of root biomass, concentrations and masses of carbon and nitrogen in roots and root diameter classes ( 5mm) were evaluated under four adjacent coniferous plantation sites: Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis L.), Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold), Turkish fir (Abies bornmulleriana L.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and natural Sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) forest. The root biomass, carbon and nitrogen concentrations, carbon and nitrogen masses, C/N ratio of roots were evaluated with regards to species, root diameter classes and seasons. The significantly (p

Objective: Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is a leading cause of death, worldwide. Diagonal earlobe crease (DELC) has been suggested as a simple, noninvasive marker of cardiovascular disease. Although epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) are closely related to atherosclerosis, the relation between EAT, CIMT, and DELC had yet to be studied. The present objective was to analyze this association. Methods: Subjects were apparently healthy individuals referred to the cardiology outpatient clinic. A total of 65 subjects with DELC and 65 age- and sex-matched controls without DELC were enrolled. EAT thickness and CIMT were measured and analyzed. Results: Epicardial adipose tissue thickness was significantly higher in the DELC group (0.57+-0.12 vs. 0.35+-0.05; p

Ozdemir, Emrah/0000-0001-5051-4753; BESKARDES, VEDAT/0000-0002-7404-6357; Yilmaz, Ersel/0000-0002-8671-7365 WOS: 000351134600010 The carbon (C) pools of aboveground tree components (leaf, stem, branch, and stem bark), ground cover, organic, and mineral soil were examined and compared with three stand development stages based on the mean tree diameters [diameter at breast height (dbh) in which small-diameter forests (SDF) = 0-8 cm, medium-diameter forests (MDF) = 8-20 cm, and large-diameter forests (LDF) = 20-36 cm] in pure coppice-originated oak stands located in the northwestern Turkey. In tree components, only the stem C concentration differed significantly among the development stages. The total C pools of the total tree biomass changed between 13 and 89 Mg ha(-1) from SDF to LDF. The C content of tree biomass was strongly correlated with dbh (R (2) = 0.83). The C contents of the ground cover differed significantly while the C contents in both organic soil layers were also markedly different and increased from SDF to LDF. The amount of C stored in the soil pedon was 84, 123, and 103 Mg ha(-1), and the total ecosystem (without belowground tree parts) C pools were 97, 177, and 192 Mg ha(-1), for the SDF, MDF, and LDF, respectively. Total ecosystem C content was significantly correlated (R (2) = 0.46) with dbh despite soil pedon C showed very weak correlation. The ratio between the C pool of the total aboveground tree components and total ecosystem C was 13 % in the SDF, 30 % in the MDF, and 46 % in the LDF. These results show that the soil was the main pool of C in the forests for all of the development stages. Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TOVAG-107O750] We thank to Prof. Dr. Dan Binkley from Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, USA, for his valuable suggestions on the manuscript. The authors are grateful to Istanbul Regional Forestry Directorate for their corroboration in the field. This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Project Number: TOVAG-107O750.

Ozdemir, Emrah/0000-0001-5051-4753; BESKARDES, VEDAT/0000-0002-7404-6357; Yilmaz, Ersel/0000-0002-8671-7365 WOS: 000366405500001 Oak (Quercus spp.) forests are among the most important forest types in Turkey. In the past, oak forests were managed through coppice clear-cutting, but in recent decades they have mostly been converted to high forest. This study was aimed at explaining how arthropod diversity is affected during conversion from coppice to high oak forest and during the early stages of coppice succession. We tested the hypothesis that arthropod richness, abundance and diversity in coppice oak sites varied according to stand age and a number of other forest characteristics. Arthropod communities were sampled in 50 plots using four different methods: pitfall traps, sweep nets, sticky cards and cloth shaking. A total of 13 084 individuals were collected and classified into 193 Recognizable Taxonomic Units (RTUs), with the most RTUs and the greatest number of specimens captured by sweep netting. We identified 17 taxa within RTU's with more than 1% of the captured arthropods, which constituted 75% of the total specimens. The number of RTUs varied significantly according to trap type. Arthropod richness and Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index (H') increased with elevation and precipitation. In young (1-40 yrs-old) and middle-aged (4180 yrs) stands, arthropod biodiversity was not significantly affected by stand type, but slightly increased with diameter at breast height and tree height. Forest characteristics, such as the litter layer, understory and crown diameter, weakly influenced arthropod richness and abundance. Cluster analysis revealed that stand types and trap types differed taxonomically. Principal component analysis showed that stand types were clearly separated by the stand parameters measured. Insect families (Formicidae, Thripidae, Lygaeidae, Dolichopodidae, Luaxanidae, Cicadellidae and Ichneumonidae) could potentially be used as indicators of coppice oak conditions. As the coppice oak changes to mature forest, further studies are needed to better assess the relation between arthropods, forest types and structural characteristics of stands. Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TOVAG-107O750] This study is part of the project "Determination of Health Condition, Biomass, Carbon Sequestration and Faunistic Characteristics on Conversion of Coppice Oak Ecosystems in Northern Thrace", supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Project no. TOVAG-107O750 (Coordinator: E. Makineci).