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Physical activity is a leading determinant of health and well-being in older adults; however, participation is low. Social support can significantly influence physical activity uptake and maintenance; however, most research is cross-sectional and does not differentiate among types of support. The current study assessed four types of social support for physical activity reported over 9 years by adults aged 60–65 at baseline (n = 1,984). Data were collected using a mail survey at four time points. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models. The most common type of support was emotional, with 25% of participants reporting this often/very often. Total support for activity declined by 16% across the 9 years (p <.001). Companionship had the greatest decline among types (17%–18%, p <.001). More work is needed to understand the factors contributing to the decline in support and how to enable access to support for physical activity in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnic discrimination during pregnancy is linked to maternal psychological distress, adverse birth outcomes and increased offspring morbidity and mortality. An evolutionary perspective reframes offspring health issues as a risk to maternal fitness. We argue that kin may be evolutionarily motivated to buffer psychosocial stressors for the mother during pregnancy. Previously, we found that the relationship of a pregnant woman with her own mother (fetus maternal grandmother) had a positive association on maternal prenatal psychology, above and beyond her relationship with her fetus father. Here, we ask if grandmothers buffer mothers prenatal psychological distress from ethnic discrimination. Using self-report data collected from 216 pregnant Latina women living in Southern California, we found discrimination to be significantly, positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress in linear regression models. Maternal grandmother communication attenuated the association of discrimination and all three psychological distress measures, adjusting for the mothers relationship with the father. Maternal grandmother emotional support similarly significantly moderated the relationship of discrimination with depression and anxiety. We did not observe any significant interactions for paternal grandmother relationships. Geographic proximity was not a significant stress buffer. Results suggest the important role maternal grandmothers play in perinatal mental health, and that these benefits exist uncoupled from geographic proximity.

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: There is evidence to suggest that undocumented, unaccompanied migrant youths confront emotional and physical hardships while working in the U.S. agriculture industry. However, little is known about the type of support available to these youths that could protect them from negative developmental outcomes. Objective: This qualitative research was designed to explore Guatemalan migrant youths' available support types, expectations of coming to the U.S. for work, and the life lessons learned from being undocumented, unaccompanied minors in the agriculture industry. Methods: A total of 10 unaccompanied Guatemalan youths (age range 15–17 years, Mage = 16.4 years; 100% male; 100% undocumented) participated in individual semi-structured audio-voice-recorded interviews in the Southeast. Interview responses were transcribed, coded, and analyzed. Results: Thematic analysis yielded three primary interconnected themes: (1) "Coping and managing sadness by reaching out to others," (2) "I have a dream but then, reality hits," and (3) "Life lessons for future migrants." Conclusion: Findings suggest that despite their vulnerable social position, Guatemalan migrant youth in U.S. agriculture displayed an optimistic attitude, exercised persistence, and developed resourcefulness. Besides these competencies, youth possessed social networks with left-behind families, developed and leveraged new social ties to "manage sadness," and built a tight-knit community away from their countries of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research conducted two experiments with an intelligent tutoring system to investigate the overall and dynamic impact of emotional support from a pedagogical agent (PA). In Experiment 1, a single factor intergroup design was used to explore the impact of PA's emotional support (supportive vs. non-supportive) on learners' emotions, intrinsic motivation, and learning gain. Sixty participants were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the two conditions. Experiment 2 also conducted a single factor between-subjects design to investigated the dynamic patterns between emotions and learning strategies among 30 participants using lag sequential analysis. Results showed that: Compared with the non-supportive pedagogical agent, the supportive pedagogical agent reduced frustration and improved learning gain, but did not increase intrinsic motivation. In addition, learners with the supportive pedagogical agent used more appropriate strategies after frustration and surprise, and use less ineffective strategies after confusion and enjoyment to avoid reaching a wrong answer. If learners did not receive emotional support in such cases, learning strategies following these emotions were more likely lead to negative cognitive results, or negative emotions tended to appear repeatedly. Instructors or PAs should identify learners' emotions in time and provide the appropriate emotional support according to learners' emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the tourism industry recovers post-COVID-19, tourism short videos have emerged as a vital marketing tool. This study explores their impact on online customer citizenship behavior, providing valuable insights for marketers and destination managers to attract tourists and promote sustainable tourism. A survey method was employed, yielding 280 valid responses. Data were analyzed using SPSS Process and AMOS, with CFA for measurement validation and SEM to examine causal relationships. Consequently, by analyzing the effects of talents (emotional and informational support) and good looks (appearance charm), We found that informational and emotional support, along with vlogger appearance charm, significantly boost perceived value and online customer citizenship behavior. Perceived value mediates the relationship between these factors and customer behavior, showing that well-crafted tourism short videos can promote online civic engagement. This study enriches theoretical research on tourism marketing and offers practical insights for enhancing customer citizenship behavior through compelling video content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to social isolation and widespread lockdown, resulting in loneliness and lack of emotional support, which have been associated with adverse mental health outcomes. This study aims to explore the relationship of loneliness and emotional support with depression and substance use among young adults and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cohort of 1227 participants was recruited from three ongoing cohort studies in the metropolitan area of New York City, USA. Data was collected through telephone interviews using preset questionnaires during wave 1 (March-August 2020), wave 2 (September 2020-February 2021) and wave 3 (March-August 2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression models were used to test the association between loneliness and emotional support, and the mental health outcomes; depression and substance use, with adjustments made for age, gender, race, employment status, living conditions, and marital status. Additionally, the effect modification of respondent type and living alone or with others was examined. Results: At wave 1, loneliness showed a significant positive association with depressive symptoms (OR: 2.56, 95%CI: 2.19-3.00, P = < 0.001) and an increase in substance use, such as smoking tobacco using cigarettes, pipes, or cigar (OR: 1.59, 95%CI: 1.24–2.04, P = < 0.001), alcohol consumption (OR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.07–1.42, P = 0.003), and marijuana/other substances (OR: 1.57, 95%CI: 1.26–1.96, P = < 0.001). Conversely, emotional support showed a significant negative association with depressive symptoms (OR: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.62–0.81, P = < 0.001) but a non-significant association with increase in tobacco smoking using vapes and e-cigarettes, alcohol consumption and marijuana and other substances. However, a significant negative association was observed between emotional support, and increased tobacco smoking using cigarettes, pipes, or cigar (OR: 0.73, 95%CI: 0.58–0.93, P = 0.011). The associations of loneliness and emotional support with mental health outcomes were stronger at wave 2 compared to wave 1. The modifier effects of respondent type and living condition were non-significant. Conclusions: This study indicates that increased loneliness is associated with a higher likelihood of depression and substance use, while higher emotional support is linked to a reduced likelihood of depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn 2016, over half of those infected with HIV/AIDS were 50 years or older. This exploratory qualitative study, grounded in ecological systems theory, examined the experiences of older adults (50+) living with HIV/AIDS enrolled in case management programs in Northwest Indiana. Case management, defined as a collaborative process of assessing, planning, and coordinating services to meet clients’ health and social needs, was explored through semi-structured interviews (N = 13). Thematic comparative analysis revealed five key themes: assistance, education, support, availability, and experiences of isolation and grief. Participants viewed case management as essential for accessing healthcare and community resources. Education emerged as a central need, particularly regarding health literacy and medication management. Emotional support, extending beyond practical assistance, was crucial for coping with aging-related challenges, loneliness, grief, and HIV stigma. Availability highlighted concerns about receiving timely and consistent services. These findings suggest that while case management addresses physical and practical needs, its role in providing emotional support and navigating the complexities of aging is equally significant. Future research should explore the long-term impact of case management interventions, particularly in relation to comorbid conditions and mental health, to enhance the well-being of this aging population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food insecurity has broad detrimental impacts on college students, including failing grades, depression, and social disconnection. Social disconnection is concerning as students often use various support resources to manage food insecurity. Racial disparities in food insecurity are well documented in the literature. The purpose of the current study was to explore the relationship between constructs of emotional support and food insecurity among African American and White students. A validated electronic survey based on the Sense of Support Scale and the U.S. Food Security Scale was utilized for the study. Results indicated that specific constructs of emotional social support were associated with food insecurity (OR: 3.778; p =.011); (OR: −2.116; p =.036). Students who reported strong emotional ties were more likely to experience food insecurity (OR = − 3.837, p =.044). Findings implicate further campus outreach to all students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an emotional support programme for newly diagnosed people with multiple sclerosis. Design: Three-arm, mixed methods, randomised controlled trial comparing usual care, versus usual care plus nurse-specialist support, versus usual care plus nurse-specialist support plus peer support. Participants: Community-dwelling adults within two years of diagnosis or undergoing diagnosis. Interventions: PrEliMS involves information provision, emotional support, and strategies and techniques based on psychoeducation, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy principles, supportive listening. One version of the intervention was provided by nurse-specialists alone and the other was provided by nurse-specialists plus peer support. Main measures: The main outcome of interest was the feasibility of proceeding to a definitive trial, exploring recruitment rate, acceptability, completion of outcome measures (perceived stress, mood, self-efficacy, psychological impact, and service use), and signal of efficacy. Results: Of 40 participants randomised (mean age 36.2 years (SD = 14.8); 54% women; 85% with relapsing-remitting MS), 36 and 38 returned 3- and 6-month questionnaires, respectively. Participant interviews suggested the trial was largely feasible, and the intervention acceptable, with some amendments to trial procedures and intervention delivery noted. There were, however, no statistically significant differences between groups at followup for any measures, and effect-size estimates were small. Conclusion: A definitive trial combining nurse-specialist and peer support adjustment to diagnosis intervention is warranted, but more work exploring the delivery and fidelity of the intervention is needed before this is pursued [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Formerly incarcerated people die by suicide at a rate 6.75 times higher than the general population. In this study we ask whether existential isolation, the feeling of being alone in one's subjective experiences, offers new insights into this staggering statistic. We specifically ask whether existential isolation predicts suicidal ideation among formerly incarcerated individuals even after accounting for their levels of interpersonal isolation, emotional support, and instrumental support. Method: We examined cross-sectional survey data from American participants (n = 946) recruited over the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform. Results: Consistent with prediction, we found that people with an incarceration history reported more existential isolation, but not more interpersonal isolation, than those without an incarceration history. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that existential isolation explained additional variance in suicidal ideation beyond what was explained by interpersonal isolation, instrumental support, and emotional support. Fisher's r-to-z transformations demonstrated that the magnitude of the relationship between existential isolation and suicidal ideation was stronger among those with an incarceration history than among those without. Finally, existential isolation mediated the relationship between incarceration and suicidal thoughts, even when holding constant other predictors of suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Reentry programs may target existential isolation among formerly incarcerated individuals to improve emotional wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School engagement is a multidimensional concept describing how students behave, feel, and think. Previous meta‐analyses suggest that school engagement may be underpinned by specific aspects of teacher support. However, given that school engagement is also multifaceted, it is important to examine how each aspect of school engagement is related to different aspects of teacher support. Thus, a meta‐analysis was conducted to ascertain the magnitude of the association between different domains of teacher support and various dimensions of school engagement. We also considered the moderating roles of study (e.g., study design) and sample characteristics (e.g., school level). Of the 1249 studies identified from three databases, 141 studies (i.e., 525,129 students) met the inclusion criteria. Results indicated that teacher support was positively associated with school engagement, but the magnitude of this association differed depending on which aspects of teacher support and school engagement were examined. Significant moderating effects were evident for sample language discrepancy (i.e., discrepancy between the language spoken by the student at home and in school), school level, sex, study design, and informants. Current findings emphasize a need to adopt a comprehensive approach when examining teacher support and school engagement. Findings also suggest the importance of fostering an emotionally supportive school context to promote school engagement among students. Implications for educational research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the influence of teacher support on student engagement in mathematics. A cross‐sectional survey was employed to recruit 632 students from grades 7 to 9 in junior middle schools across China. Participants completed various scales, including a teacher support scale, an academic self‐efficacy scale, and a student engagement scale. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 20.0 and Amos 24.0. Results showed that, first, emotional support and competence support had a significant positive effect on student engagement in mathematics. The contribution from competence support was the strongest. The contribution from autonomy support was the weakest; second, academic self‐efficacy mediated the relationship between autonomy support, emotional support, and competence support and student engagement in mathematics. These findings supplement and expand the understanding of the factors that affect student engagement and provide theoretical support and useful guidance for formulating effective education policies to improve student engagement in mathematics. Practitioner points: Teachers' emotional support and competence support had a significant positive effect on student engagement in mathematics.The contribution of teachers' competence support to student engagement in mathematics was the strongest, followed by emotional support, and autonomy support was the weakest.Academic self‐efficacy mediated the relationship between teachers' autonomy support, emotional support, and competence support and student engagement in mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Society places increased demands on regions and municipalities to jointly carry out activities for multi-diagnosed older persons with extensive coordination needs. Interprofessional collaboration is reported as an important success factor for the overall health care of this group of patients. This project focuses on older persons with multiple diagnoses and their relatives' own experiences of what is most important for safety and security in their homes. The aim of the study was: to illuminate the meaning of success for the ability to stay at home as experienced by older persons with multiple diagnoses and their relatives. Methods: The project had a descriptive explorative design with a phenomenological hermeneutic approach based on analysis of 14 in-depth interviews with older people and their relatives. Findings: Own resources were identified such as belief in the future, spiritual belief, social network, having loved ones and pets. Technical aids were seen as helpful resources, working as indoor and outdoor security safeguards. These resources included having good telephone contact with social and professional networks as well as other forms of personal equipment such as a personal alarm. The professional network was a resource, acting as support when the patient's own abilities were not sufficient. Finally, having personnel who had the time and interest to listen was seen as crucial to experience safety. Conclusions: The main reason for being able to continue homecare was the person's self-care system, their personal, social, and technical resources. Professional care development should anchor team work to the patient's own system of self and informal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe commercialization of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is accelerating, yet academic research on its users remains scarce. To what extent are they willing to disclose personal health privacy to AI doctors compared to traditional human doctors? What factors are shaping these decisions? The lack of user research has left these questions unanswered. This article, based on privacy calculus theory, conducted a multi-factorial between-subjects online experiment (N = 582) with a 2 (medical provider: AI vs. human) × 2 (emotional support: low vs. high) × 2 (information sensitivity: low vs. high) design. The results indicated that AI doctors lead participants to perceive both lower health benefits and privacy risks. Emotional support is not always beneficial. On one hand, high emotional support can provide patients with more health benefits, but on the other hand, it also poses higher levels of privacy risks. Additionally, high emotional support responses from AI doctors could enhance patients’ health benefits, trust, and willingness to disclose health privacy, while the opposite was observed for human doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Increasingly many studies have provided practical suggestions for fashion YouTubers as fashion information sources, but no research has yet investigated the resources exchanged in the relationships between fashion YouTubers and viewers. Based on interviews with three Korean fashion YouTubers and ten of their viewers, this study examined social support in their relationships. Viewers acquired information from fashion YouTubers and, therefore, experienced informational support. Subsequently, as a sense of belonging to fandom emerged, established mainly by viewers subscribing to a fashion YouTube channel, network support was experienced by both fashion YouTubers and viewers. Along with constant communication, they shared their values and experienced emotional support through mutual empathy. Therefore, this study verified previous theories according to which both informational and emotional exchanges are possible in online relationships. Furthermore, network support was an important process, which may be connected to emotional support, since these relationships were autonomously established by online users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Technology is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Society places increased demands on regions and municipalities to jointly carry out activities for multi-diagnosed older persons with extensive coordination needs. Interprofessional collaboration is reported as an important success factor for the overall health care of this group of patients. This project focuses on older persons with multiple diagnoses and their relatives’ own experiences of what is most important for safety and security in their homes. The aim of the study was: to illuminate the meaning of success for the ability to stay at home as experienced by older persons with multiple diagnoses and their relatives. Methods The project had a descriptive explorative design with a phenomenological hermeneutic approach based on analysis of 14 in-depth interviews with older people and their relatives. Findings Own resources were identified such as belief in the future, spiritual belief, social network, having loved ones and pets. Technical aids were seen as helpful resources, working as indoor and outdoor security safeguards. These resources included having good telephone contact with social and professional networks as well as other forms of personal equipment such as a personal alarm. The professional network was a resource, acting as support when the patient’s own abilities were not sufficient. Finally, having personnel who had the time and interest to listen was seen as crucial to experience safety. Conclusions The main reason for being able to continue homecare was the person’s self-care system, their personal, social, and technical resources. Professional care development should anchor team work to the patient’s own system of self and informal care.

Background and purpose: In 2023, the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Golestan Province was reported to be 26.1 cases per 100,000 people, which is three times higher than the national average in Iran. The contagious nature of tuberculosis has economic repercussions and indirect effects on the quality of life of affected individuals. The stigma associated with tuberculosis often leads to social isolation, which can hinder TB control efforts. On the other hand, social support from family, friends, healthcare workers, and community leaders improves quality of life, promotes self-care behaviors, and enhances patient adherence to medication regimens. This study aimed to determine the correlation between stigma, social support, and self-care behaviors in patients with tuberculosis. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study was conducted in 2023, surveying 325 tuberculosis patients undergoing treatment in Golestan Province. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, a 12-question stigma questionnaire (patients' perceptions of tuberculosis), the Sherborn and Stewart Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, and the self-care behaviors questionnaire for tuberculosis patients by Herandi et al. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 software. To investigate the relationship between perceived stigma and social support with the dimensions of self-care behaviors in tuberculosis patients, Spearman and chi-square tests were used. Logistic regression was employed to predict factors affecting self-care in the studied patients. Results: The average age of the participants was 51.97±17.33 years, with an age range of 19 to 84 years. The overall scores for the stigma questionnaire, perceived social support questionnaire, and self-care behaviors questionnaire were 29.03 ± 5.30, 71.14 ± 14.53, and 84.78 ± 10.17, respectively. Based on the univariate logistic regression model, the variables of race, number of family members, addiction, and age were analyzed for their effects on self-care behaviors. Additionally, the effects of marital status and age on stigma were examined. Significant effects of family size, income, and marital status on social support were observed. Spearman correlation tests showed an inverse and significant correlation between stigma and social support (r= -0.19, P= 0.001), stigma and self-care (r= -0.21, P

Abstract Background Developing cancer in young adulthood is a non-normative life event and associated with adverse physical, social and psychological consequences. High psychological distress is common in AYA cancer patients including anxiety, depression or fear of recurrence. At the same time, it is well known that AYA often report unmet needs for support, particularly in terms of informational exchange and emotional support from peers in order to benefit from shared experiences and enhance self-efficacy. Especially in the AYA group, interactions with other same-aged cancer patients may represent an essential resource in terms of coping with the disease, as family members and friends are often overwhelmed and struggling with helplessness. Currently, there is a lack of professional support services using peer support (e.g. psycho-oncological support, aftercare consultations, social legal counselling) or evaluated peer support interventions in Germany. Our aim is to assess the effectiveness of the Peer2Me intervention for AYAs, in which acute patients (mentees) are accompanied by an AYA survivor (mentor) over a period of three months. Methods A prospective Comprehensive Cohort Design with repeated measures will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of Peer2Me for AYA. A sample of 180 patients in active cancer treatment aged 18 to 39 years will be enrolled and randomized to the intervention or control condition (a single AYA-specific consultation). Following mentor training, mentees and mentors are matched by diagnosis, age, and gender. The primary outcome is self-efficacy; secondary outcomes include measures of anxiety, depression, health literacy, life satisfaction and social support life. Outcomes will be measured at baseline before the intervention (t1), immediately after completion of the three-month intervention (t2) and three months after completion the intervention (t3). For the final analyses, we will use an intention-to-treat approach (ITT) and compare patients in the assigned treatment groups. Discussion Peer2Me might be an important addition to existing professional psychosocial support services for young cancer patients. At the end of the study, a psycho-oncological intervention for young cancer patients undergoing acute treatment should be available, from which both mentors and mentees could benefit. The long-term continuity of Peer2Me should be ensured through collaboration with different partners. Trial Registration The study was retrospectively registered on February 4, 2022 at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05336318).

This research aims to analyze the relationship between social factors (social comparison orientation, loneliness, emotional support, and instrumental support) and the quadratic effects of the mindful approach and technological stress in co-creating virtual value for the tourism sector. Using a dynamic structural equation model, we analyzed data collected from a cohort of 400 tourists who actively participated in virtual tourism services between 2011 and 2022. Using this methodology, we investigate the long-term correlations between different elements and their impact on participants' participation in virtual value co-creation. Our research indicates a distinct correlation between the mindful approach and virtual value co-creation, exhibiting a positive quadratic effect that gradually decreases, implying the necessity of consistent mindfulness practices in the face of technological stress. Interestingly, we also find that technological stress has a positive quadratic role over time. As people become more adept at technology and accustomed to it, its favorable effects on virtual value co-creation diminish. In the current scenario characterized by collaborative innovation and interaction through digital platforms, they are of great importance for companies, especially in adapting to new social dynamics characterized by new technologies. Using the Mindful Approach in the digital context becomes necessary, emphasizing mainly conscious awareness to optimize the level of commitment, increasing the results of interactions. On the other hand, new technologies in value co-creative processes increase concern about technological stresses, especially in exposure to these new environments over time. In this way, achieving more excellent stability between digital interaction and reducing potential stressors becomes a critical business strategy for sustaining collaboration dynamics over time, thus ensuring individuals' well-being and maximizing the concretion processes' positive impact at both the individual and social levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Companies are increasingly using artificial intelligence (AI) to provide users with product recommendations, but its efficacy is inconsistent. Drawing upon social exchange theory, we examine the effects of product recommenders and their levels of self-disclosure on transaction costs. Specifically, we recruited 78 participants and conducted a 2 × 2 online experiment in which we manipulated product recommenders (human versus AI) and examined how self-disclosure levels (high versus low) affect consumers' return intentions. We predicted and found that a low level of self-disclosure from human recommenders instead of AI counterparts results in higher emotional support, which leads to lower transaction costs. However, under high levels of self-disclosure, consumers' emotional support and subsequent transaction costs do not differ between human and AI recommenders. Accordingly, we provide theoretical insights into the roles of self-disclosure and emotional support in human–machine interactions, and we contribute to sustainable AI practices by enhancing the efficiency of business operations and advancing broader sustainability objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: In 2023, the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Golestan Province was reported to be 26.1 cases per 100,000 people, which is three times higher than the national average in Iran. The contagious nature of tuberculosis has economic repercussions and indirect effects on the quality of life of affected individuals. The stigma associated with tuberculosis often leads to social isolation, which can hinder TB control efforts. On the other hand, social support from family, friends, healthcare workers, and community leaders improves quality of life, promotes self-care behaviors, and enhances patient adherence to medication regimens. This study aimed to determine the correlation between stigma, social support, and self-care behaviors in patients with tuberculosis. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study was conducted in 2023, surveying 325 tuberculosis patients undergoing treatment in Golestan Province. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, a 12-question stigma questionnaire (patients' perceptions of tuberculosis), the Sherborn and Stewart Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, and the self-care behaviors questionnaire for tuberculosis patients by Herandi et al. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 software. To investigate the relationship between perceived stigma and social support with the dimensions of self-care behaviors in tuberculosis patients, Spearman and chi-square tests were used. Logistic regression was employed to predict factors affecting self-care in the studied patients. Results: The average age of the participants was 51.97±17.33 years, with an age range of 19 to 84 years. The overall scores for the stigma questionnaire, perceived social support questionnaire, and selfcare behaviors questionnaire were 29.03 ± 5.30, 71.14 ± 14.53, and 84.78 ± 10.17, respectively. Based on the univariate logistic regression model, the variables of race, number of family members, addiction, and age were analyzed for their effects on self-care behaviors. Additionally, the effects of marital status and age on stigma were examined. Significant effects of family size, income, and marital status on social support were observed. Spearman correlation tests showed an inverse and significant correlation between stigma and social support (r= -0.19, P= 0.001), stigma and self-care (r= -0.21, P<0.001), and a direct and significant correlation between social support and self-care (r= 0.55, P<0.001). Conclusion: As stigma increases, levels of social support and self-care behaviors decrease. Stigma has a significant impact on tuberculosis treatment, while higher levels of social support enhance self-care and accelerate the recovery process. To control tuberculosis effectively, comprehensive support from community leaders, the Ministry of Health, welfare organizations, relief committees, municipalities, and other organizations, as well as from patients' families and surrounding communities, is essential. Additionally, health and medical intervention programs aimed at increasing self-care behaviors, raising awareness among patients, and reducing stigma and misconceptions among families, friends, healthcare workers, and society at large are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social distancing measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have transformed people from social to isolated individuals. During that time, social media became a useful tool for satisfying people's need for social interaction. Previous systematic reviews, however, have focused largely on the negative impact of social media use and ignored the positive side. Hence, this systematic review examined the role of social media use in providing support—be it social, emotional or informational—during the pandemic. Four databases were systematically searched, and the selection procedure followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Protocol registration: PROSPERO (CRD42022367903). A total of 20 papers were deemed eligible for data extraction. The findings showed that active engagement on social media contributed significantly to maintaining social capital and collective resilience amidst social restrictions. The emotional support obtained from social media was proven effective in alleviating feelings of loneliness and isolation. Also, social media facilitated the rapid dissemination of information and the grassroots mobilization of support by overcoming bureaucratic hurdles and addressing urgent community needs. This review concluded by highlighting the transformative potential of social media in crisis contexts and suggesting implications for mental health interventions and community resilience strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional support from family members may have an important effect on adolescent health outcomes, and has been identified as a target for policy to protect against the impacts of poverty and other early life adversities. However, few studies have assessed the extent to which poverty and adversity themselves influence the nature of emotional support that parents can provide to adolescents. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the impact of trajectories of income poverty and family adversities, including parental mental ill health, alcohol misuse and domestic violence across childhood developmental stages on young people's relationships with their families and perceived emotional support received. We analysed longitudinal data on 10,976 children from the nationally representative UK Millennium Cohort study. Exposure trajectories of poverty and family adversities were characterised using group-based multi-trajectory models (age 9 months–14 years). The outcomes were perceived emotional support and quality of family relationships, measured by the three-item Short Social Provisions Scale (SPS-3) and levels of parent–adolescent closeness and conflict, measured at age 14. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounding factors. At age 14, the overall prevalence of low perceived emotional support was 13% (95% CI: 12, 14). Children of mothers with lower socioeconomic status (SES) were more likely to report low emotional support, with a clear social gradient (education—degree plus: 10.3% vs. no qualifications: 15.4%). Compared with children exposed to low levels of poverty and adversity, children in the persistent adversity trajectory groups experienced higher odds of low emotional support and low-quality parent–adolescent relationship; those exposed to both persistent poverty and poor parental mental health were particularly at increased risk of experiencing poor family relationships and low perceived emotional support (adjusted odds ratio 2·2; 95% CI 1·7–2·9). Low perceived emotional support and poor family relationships in adolescence are more prevalent among socially disadvantaged children and adolescents and those experiencing social adversity. Policies to improve levels of family support for UK adolescents should focus on improving modifiable determinants such as child poverty and family mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the development of vulnerable self-disclosure in supportive interactions from ages 13 to 29. A diverse community sample (N = 184; 85 boys 99 girls; 58% white, 29% Black, 13% other identity groups) participated in annual observed interactions with close friends and romantic partners. Participants were observed as they sought and provided support to their best friends each year from age 13 to 18, and as they sought support from their romantic partners from age 19 to 29. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models were used to parse markers of within-individual change in vulnerable self-disclosure observed annually across ages 13 to 18. A follow-up regression model also investigated cascading associations from vulnerable self-disclosure in adolescent friendships to vulnerable self-disclosure in adult romantic relationships. When adolescents sought support, they demonstrated greater-than-expected increases in self-disclosure each year when their best friends demonstrated relatively high self-disclosure. For girls in this sample, when providing support, they demonstrated greater-than-expected decreases in self-disclosure each year when their best friends demonstrated relatively high self-disclosure. Adolescents whose friends disclosed highly to them also tended to express more vulnerability with romantic partners in adulthood. Post-hoc analyses investigate the role of friendship stability and gender as potential moderators of self-disclosure development. The best friendship, a key source of emotional support, serves as a foundational context for learning appropriate use of vulnerable self-disclosure when seeking and providing emotional support, which persists across time and relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgically repaired esophageal atresia (EA) is associated with chronic esophageal and respiratory morbidity that require ongoing management. The care of chronically ill children can exert considerable stress on parents, thereby potentially affecting their mental well-being. In response to this, disease-specific support groups have emerged with the aim to bring together individuals facing similar challenges, facilitating the exchange of experiences within a nurturing environment, and providing essential emotional support. In the context of this international collaborative study, we investigated the role played by EA-specific support groups in promoting the emotional well-being of EA families. An anonymous online survey was distributed through a network comprising 12 international EA support groups affiliated with the Federation of Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula (EAT) during May and August of 2022. In the study, 96 parents from 23 different countries completed the survey. Fifty-six percent indicated a lack of interaction with other EA families during the initial diagnosis, with 91% expressing the belief that such contact would have been beneficial. Participants exhibited a unanimous recognition of the critical role played by disease-specific support groups in navigating the emotional journey associated with EA. Conclusion: The findings of this global survey align with existing literature, reaffirming the beneficial impact of disease-specific support groups tailored for EA patients and their families on their emotional well-being. These groups provide a valuable platform for the exchange of personal experiences and narratives, delivering advantages to both those who share their stories and those who receive this valuable information. What is Known: • Parents are exposed to several stressors during the neonatal period. • Emotional well-being of EA families is important. What is New: • EA support groups play a valuable role in the emotional well-being of EA families. • Family-centered care of neonates should also include older siblings of neonates in NICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to high levels of stress during pregnancy is a known risk factor for a wide range of offspring outcomes, but little is known about the biopsychosocial factors underlying resilience and recovery from stress during pregnancy. The current study investigated associations between emotional and instrumental support during pregnancy and resilience to stress during pregnancy, including perceived resilience (belief in ability to "bounce back" from adversity) and physiological resilience (ability to physiologically recover quickly after an acute stressor). We further tested whether support and resilience during pregnancy predicted offspring internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Participants included 130 pregnant women (ages 26–28 years; 58% Black, 27% White, 15% Multiracial; 28% receiving public assistance) from a population-based longitudinal study. During pregnancy, participants reported on emotional and instrumental support, current life stressors, and perceived resilience to stress. In addition, heart rate variability was recorded continuously before, during, and after a controlled stress test to measure physiological recovery from stressors. When offspring were 2–3 years of age, mothers reported on children's internalizing and externalizing problems. Results from moderated mediation analyses indicated that emotional, but not instrumental, support was associated with perceived resilience during pregnancy, which predicted lower internalizing and externalizing problems in offspring. Emotional support also predicted greater physiological recovery during pregnancy, but only for individuals reporting multiple life stressors. Findings suggest that emotional support may influence psychological and physiological responses to stress during pregnancy, with implications for offspring emotional and behavioral health. Clinical implications of these results and directions for future research are discussed. Public Significance Statement: This study investigated the role of emotional and instrumental support in promoting resilience to stress during pregnancy. Findings suggest that emotional support may positively influence a person's ability to "bounce back" and recover from life stressors during pregnancy, which may have protective effects for children's early emotional and behavioral development. These results highlight the importance of providing accessible care and emotional support to pregnant people to help mitigate the intergenerational effects of stress and promote positive outcomes for parents and their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood trauma was known to increase risks of social isolation, loneliness and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine the protect and risk factors of social health, self-injurious thoughts and behaviors between adults with or without childhood trauma. This was a cross-sectional study comprising of 145,043 participants enrolled in the UK Biobank. Childhood trauma was determined by the Childhood Trauma Screener. Social health included social isolation, loneliness and emotional support. Outcomes of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors included suicide ideation, suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Demographic data, self-reported morbidities and other confounding variables were covariates. Stata 17.0 and SPSS 27.0 was used to analysis data. Compared with participants without childhood trauma, there was no protective effect of emotional support for NSSI in participants with childhood trauma (β -value difference = 0.334, p = 0.008). The risk effect of loneliness for suicide ideation, suicide attempt and NSSI were also weaker in participants experiencing childhood trauma (p <0.05). Social isolation was no longer a risk factor for NSSI in all participants, while loneliness remained as a threat (p < 0.05). Many variables were measured using core items of the scale in UK Biobank, meanwhile, the childhood trauma data collected in adulthood may have recall bias. Adults reported childhood trauma were less vulnerable to self-injurious thoughts and behaviors when experiencing loneliness, but they could also not be protected from NSSI through emotional support. Emotional dysregulation caused by childhood trauma may contribute to this. • Adults reported childhood trauma were less vulnerable to self-injurious thoughts and behaviors when experiencing loneliness; • Adults reported childhood trauma would not be protected from NSSI through emotional support. • Regardless of childhood trauma, social isolation was not a risk factor for NSSI, while loneliness remained as a threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on the role of family support to young adult children during COVID‐19 in ameliorating the negative financial impact of the pandemic. Guided by the Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory of stress and coping, we conceptualize the negative financial impact due to COVID‐19 as a source of financial stress that would be associated with lower levels of both financial wellbeing and positive outlook of young adults. We rely on data collected from a multinational sample of young adults (ages 18–30) from six countries (China, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Slovenia, US; N = 2102) over a 3‐month period (July 2020–September 2020). We tested the potential effects of two types of support (i.e., parental financial support and family emotional support) using path analysis. While we find a consistent positive association between family emotional support and both financial wellbeing and positive outlook, we also find a consistent negative association between parental financial support and financial wellbeing, and a nonsignificant or negative association (Lithuania only) with a positive outlook. The significant interaction between COVID‐19 financial impact and family emotional support on young adults' positive outlook reveals that the benefit of family emotional support is more evident when the negative financial impact is low or moderate. We discuss the implications of these findings in assisting young adults to cope with financial disruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital leisure may help international students experience happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is unclear how digital leisure promotes happiness. To address this area of limited research, we identified social support from contexts of digital leisure as digital leisure social support (DLSS) and divided DLSS into digital leisure emotional support (DLES) and digital leisure instrumental support (DLIS) as well as examined relationships among DLES, DLIS, hope, and happiness. A total of 282 international students who attended a private university participated in this study. We used in-person surveys to measure DLES, DLIS, hope, and happiness. We conducted structural equation modelling to analyse the data. Results indicated that high levels of DLES predicted high levels of hope; high levels of hope predicted high levels of happiness; and high levels of DLES predicted high levels of happiness in the mediation model. However, DLIS did not correlate with hope and happiness. We discuss the implications of these results in terms of promoting happiness among international students during these challenging times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les jeunes adultes aidants sont des personnes de 18 à 25 ans qui fournissent de manière régulière du soutien ou de l'assistance à un proche avec une maladie ou en situation de handicap et constituent une population spécifique peu étudiée. Le soutien émotionnel est un soutien particulièrement apporté par ces jeunes et peut être une activité d'aide difficile à fournir du fait de l'investissement psychologique et émotionnel qu'elle nécessite. À l'heure actuelle, le soutien émotionnel est un soutien difficile à définir et à mesurer, en témoignent les outils existants qui semblent limités. Cette étude vise à explorer les caractéristiques du soutien émotionnel apporté par les jeunes adultes aidants. Treize entretiens semi-directifs auprès de jeunes adultes aidants ont été réalisés et les données ont fait l'objet d'une analyse thématique. Les résultats montrent que le soutien émotionnel revêt différentes formes : proposer des activités, être présent, apporter une protection émotionnelle, aider le proche à réguler ses émotions et être un interlocuteur privilégié pour le proche aidé. Ils montrent aussi que le fait d'apporter du soutien émotionnel peut avoir des retentissements sur le bien-être de ces jeunes. Les résultats permettent une meilleure compréhension du soutien émotionnel apporté par les jeunes adultes aidants et soulignent la nécessité de prendre en compte ces résultats à des fins cliniques. À des fins de recherche, ces résultats pourraient également contribuer à l'amélioration des outils d'évaluation des activités d'aide en y intégrant les aspects du soutien émotionnel de manière plus précise et exhaustive. Young adult carers are individuals between the ages of 18 and 25 who regularly provide support or assistance to a relative with an illness or disability, representing a specific and understudied population. Emotional support, frequently provided by these individuals, can be challenging due to the psychological and emotional investment it requires. Currently, emotional support is difficult to define and measure, as evidenced by the limited existing tools. This study aims to explore the characteristics of emotional support provided by young adult carers. Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with young adult caregivers, and a thematic analysis was performed. The results show that emotional support manifests in multiple actions: suggesting activities, being present, offering emotional protection, assisting the relative in regulating their emotions, and being a privileged interlocutor for the relative. They also show that providing emotional support can have impacts on the well-being of these youth. These findings offer a better understanding of the emotional support provided by young adult caregivers and emphasize the need to consider them for clinical settings. For research purposes, these results could also contribute to improving evaluation tools for caregiving activities by incorporating aspects of emotional support more precisely and comprehensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID-19 has created mental health challenges for nurses. However, it is unknown if there is a gendered influence on nurses' experiences during the pandemic. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of male nurses during COVID-19, including their mental health and experiences of providing emotional support. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews using Zoom with nine male nurses and analysed the interviews using thematic analysis. Findings: Male nurses experienced negative mental health outcomes from the pandemic, but participants attributed these outcomes to the context. Male nurses provided emotional support for patients, students, families and other staff and did not describe emotional support as a difficult part of their work. Participants identified their role as a 'breadwinner' of being part of their concern during COVID-19. Participants used a variety of approaches to manage the stressors from the pandemic and cautioned against alcohol as a coping strategy. Discussion and Conclusions: Participants provided emotional support routinely as part of their work and went to great lengths to do so. This finding differs from most published literature that suggests male nurses struggle with emotional and interpersonal aspects of nursing. Male nurses require emotional support and employers can note that need for support may present differently by gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For many years since, the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has been seen as a promising way to meet the multifaceted needs of students with learning disabilities SwLD. There are so many reasons why these students, and particularly those with conditions such as dyslexia and dyscalculia, are at such a disadvantage academically and emotionally. Objectives: In this study, AI contribution in supporting SwLD emotionally and behaviorally is examined with regard to the effectiveness of different AI technologies and how they can be effective in creating SwLD educational experiences. Methods: Then, a comprehensive literature review was done to understand the current state of research of AI applications for SwLD. From the capabilities of AI technologies, such as adaptive learning systems, face expression recognition and chatbot, the SAMR-LD (substitution, augmentation, modification and redefinition - learning disability) framework was used for assessment. Results: Results of analysis showed that less than half of the studies reviewed centred on school age children. Adaptive learning systems were the most frequently utilised of the AI tools studied. The results remind us of the capability for AI to revolutionise SwLD's educational support not only by creating a personalised learning experience but also by monitoring emotional well-being. Conclusion: AI has great promise to augment emotional and behavioural support to SwLD, but there is an unmet need for research. Out of all this, future studies should yet aim to discover how can AI pass on from just diagnosing learning disabilities to providing whole, personalised educational assistance to each and every one in the holistic needs that the learning disabled students need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Developing cancer in young adulthood is a non-normative life event and associated with adverse physical, social and psychological consequences. High psychological distress is common in AYA cancer patients including anxiety, depression or fear of recurrence. At the same time, it is well known that AYA often report unmet needs for support, particularly in terms of informational exchange and emotional support from peers in order to benefit from shared experiences and enhance self-efficacy. Especially in the AYA group, interactions with other same-aged cancer patients may represent an essential resource in terms of coping with the disease, as family members and friends are often overwhelmed and struggling with helplessness. Currently, there is a lack of professional support services using peer support (e.g. psycho-oncological support, aftercare consultations, social legal counselling) or evaluated peer support interventions in Germany. Our aim is to assess the effectiveness of the Peer2Me intervention for AYAs, in which acute patients (mentees) are accompanied by an AYA survivor (mentor) over a period of three months. Methods: A prospective Comprehensive Cohort Design with repeated measures will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of Peer2Me for AYA. A sample of 180 patients in active cancer treatment aged 18 to 39 years will be enrolled and randomized to the intervention or control condition (a single AYA-specific consultation). Following mentor training, mentees and mentors are matched by diagnosis, age, and gender. The primary outcome is self-efficacy; secondary outcomes include measures of anxiety, depression, health literacy, life satisfaction and social support life. Outcomes will be measured at baseline before the intervention (t1), immediately after completion of the three-month intervention (t2) and three months after completion the intervention (t3). For the final analyses, we will use an intention-to-treat approach (ITT) and compare patients in the assigned treatment groups. Discussion: Peer2Me might be an important addition to existing professional psychosocial support services for young cancer patients. At the end of the study, a psycho-oncological intervention for young cancer patients undergoing acute treatment should be available, from which both mentors and mentees could benefit. The long-term continuity of Peer2Me should be ensured through collaboration with different partners. Trial Registration: The study was retrospectively registered on February 4, 2022 at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05336318). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The population of certified special education teachers working and remaining in secondary emotional support classrooms continues to dwindle across the nation. This causes more and more students with Emotional Disturbance to work with a frequent turnover of educators or emergencycertified educators with possibly no prior experience. High school students who receive emotional support services are a vulnerable population that requires a supportive and well-trained special education teacher to help them make academic, emotional, and behavioral progress in the school setting and in achieving their post-secondary goals. This qualitative study explored five veteran schoolteachers' experiences to identify the factors that have helped them remain in their careers and which ones discourage them from staying. The individual and focus group interviews identified several job-related factors that are consistent with previous literature (diverse student needs), evolution in some (administrator and colleague support), and different or newly identified factors (willingness to take risks, advocating for secondary student's needs, educator's personality) that require additional exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this research was to investigate the factors which influences the creativity of those employees who are diabetic patients. Methods: To accomplish this objective this research tests the direct relationship of diabetes compliance and employee creativity. Moreover, this research further explores the direct relationship of diabetes compliance and employee creativity by using management attitude towards patient autonomy and emotional support at work as moderators. An overall sample of 177 employees of different organizations who are diabetic patients were selected for this research using convenience sampling. Data was collected by using a standardized questionnaires and then Stata's SEM approach was used to assess the relationships of variable. Results: Findings of this research reveals that there is a positive and significant relationship exists among the diabetes compliance and employee creativity. Moreover, findings support the proposed moderation hypotheses by explaining that there is a significant relationship exists among these paths. Conclusion: It verifies that management attitude towards patient autonomy as well as emotional support at work have significant moderating effects in the direct relationship. This study adds to the literature by showing how health management, workplace dynamics, and employee creativity affect diabetes. Implications: The findings emphasise the necessity of incorporating health-supporting practices into organizational policies and creating a friendly and inclusive culture to encourage employee well-being and innovation. These findings can help companies improve employee productivity and creativity while managing chronic health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Birth doulas were classified as nonessential personnel during COVID-19 and generally excluded from providing physical, in-hospital birth support. This amplified their emotional and informational support to clients, offering a unique opportunity to examine psychological mechanisms underlying birth doulas' impact on perinatal outcomes. We conducted a methodologically rigorous qualitative case study leveraging a social action theory framework and interviewed 15 demographically diverse birth doulas. Doulas played an important role in supporting their clients' psychological change processes (e.g., problem solving, outcome expectancies, self-efficacy, goal structures, cognitive schemas). This study contributes to our understanding of psychosocial interventions that may drive the positive effects of doula care on health outcomes, both within and beyond the pandemic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine if parents receiving emotional support is positively correlated with children's participation in physical and social activities and if such a correlation exists between parental emotional support in children labeled as autistic. Data were drawn from 30,501 children aged 6 to 17 years in the 2020 National Survey of Children's Health database and analyzed using a retrospective cross-sectional approach based on multivariate linear regression models. Results showed parental emotional support was statistically significantly correlated with children's physical and social activity in the total sample but was not significant for the emotional support of parents with autistic children. The findings suggest that other issues must be considered as contributing factors for parents of autistic children in relation to social and physical activity participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The employment experiences of individuals with physical disabilities in previous studies shed light on the challenges they face and the assistance they receive in the workplace. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the practical and emotional social support received by individuals with physical disabilities in their workplaces from colleagues, employers, or supervisors. The study explored different forms of social support, considering both positive and negative outcomes. METHODS: Twenty participants completed a questionnaire consisting of open and closed-type questions to gather demographic and personal data. In-depth interviews were conducted as free discussions. Employing content analysis, the researchers categorized the reported forms of workplace social support into four primary categories and calculated their frequency of occurrence. RESULTS: Participants reported 175 cases of practical support and 358 cases of emotional support, both with positive and negative outcomes. Among these cases, 376 referred to social support, practical and emotional, with positive outcomes, and 157 to social support, practical and emotional, with negative outcomes. CONCLUSION: The participants received more cases of social support, practical and emotional, with positive outcomes than corresponding cases of social support with negative outcomes. At the same time, the reported cases of emotional support with positive and negative outcomes outnumbered the corresponding cases of practical support. These findings could be the starting point for future studies in workplace social support for people with physical disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia y Educación (2707-3378) is the property of Duanys Miguel Pena Lopez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The literature on online mental health support groups usually stresses the harmonious side of users' interactions. However, differences regarding the experience of the illness might escalate into social conflict. The aim of this study is to explore acts of conflict resolution in an online Spanish mental health forum for recovery from an eating disorder (ED). Focusing on a specific long dispute between one regular contributor and several other members, I perform a micro-analysis of the discursive moves deployed in this polylogue by those who act as informal mediators to mitigate negative emotions, to rephrase participants' perspectives and to promote relational empathy within the group. The goal of mediation in the forum is to reinstate the social order of acceptable recovery practices and discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our study of nurses in Tehran was conducted in June of 2020, when the lockdown from the pandemic had been implemented. Nurses had been faced with how to effectively manage their own emotion responses during patientcare. Objectives: Our study aims to evaluate how psychological and social resources were jointly related to the use of emotional labor through surface acting and deep acting among nurses at public hospitals. Design: The study design was a single-wave, cross-sectional self-report questionnaire survey containing validated measures where the nurses reported on their work experiences during the pandemic. Settings: The participants came from five out of 50 public hospitals within Tehran. Participants: Of the 250 nurses chosen by using multi-stage randomly sampling, 224 were retained after listwise deletion of missing data and outliers. Method: Through a survey questionnaire, participants responded to scale measures of psychological hardiness, social support, and emotional labor to investigate the joint impact of hardiness and social support on emotional labor. Their responses provided information on the (1) validity and reliability of all variables, and (2) the hypothesized structural relations, using SPSS-AMOS 22 software. Results: Challenge and control were related to social support; coworker sympathy and supervisory support were related to surface acting; coworker sympathy was related to deep acting. Under strong support, high hardiness was most negatively related to surface acting and positively related to deep acting. Conclusion: Through coworker and supervisory support, hardiness became an effective means for nurses to regulate their own emotions during interactions to enhance patientcare.

Abstract It is intended to study the quality of the Family Functioning Scale (Portuguese version) and to understand/characterize the relationship between Family Functioning and Parenting Styles. The samples include 1757 Portuguese parents, 77.3% being female (N=1359), aged between 20 and 80 years old (M=41.61; SD=5.71). The results confirm a relationship between the dimensions of family functioning and parenting styles, especially with the emotional support dimension. Parents between 36 and 45 years old have a more positive family functioning and a parenting style associated with higher levels of emotional support, lower levels of rejection, and moderate levels of control/supervision. It is concluded that it is a valid, sensitive, and robust instrument, and the results are a contribution to psychosocial research and intervention.

Online health communities (OHCs) play an important role in enabling patients to exchange information and obtain social support from each other. However, do OHC interactions always benefit patients? In this research, we investigate different mechanisms by which OHC content may affect patients’ emotions. Specifically, we notice users can read not only emotional support intended to help them but also emotional support targeting other persons or posts that are not intended to generate any emotional support (auxiliary content). Drawing from emotional contagion theories, we argue that even though emotional support may benefit targeted support seekers, it could have a negative impact on the emotions of other support seekers. Our empirical study on an OHC for depression patients supports these arguments. Our findings are new to the literature and have critical practical implications since they suggest that we should carefully manage OHC-based interventions for depression patients to avoid unintended consequences. We design a novel deep learning model to differentiate emotional support from auxiliary content. Such differentiation is critical for identifying the negative effect of emotional support on unintended recipients. We also discuss options to alter the intervention volume, length, and frequency to tackle the challenge of the negative effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]