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International audience; This study aimed to evaluate the extraction efficiency of six alternative solvents compared to hexane, conventionally used, for extraction of aromas from herbs and spices. It has been performed through theoretical approach using conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) as predictive method and experimental approach based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis paired with multivariate statistical analysis. Differences between theory and experiments have been noticed for cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) that appeared a good candidate in theory but gives the lowest extraction yield (14.12 g/L). Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) exhibited the highest extraction yield (18.74 g/L) and could be the most promising solvent to substitute hexane for aromas extraction from Pistacia. lentiscus L. leaves.

International audience; An analytical procedure comprises two steps: sample preparation mostly extraction (Soxhlet, Dean–Stark, Likens– Nickerson, Blye & Dyer, Folch, leaching, maceration, percolation) and analysis (spectrophotometry, chromatography, spectrometry). Whereas chemical analysis is finished after few minutes, extraction takes at least several hours and requires large solvent volumes, energy-consuming for concentration step by evaporation to recover the final extract. In this current opinion we provide an instantaneous picture of current knowledge on alternative and green solvents used in analytical laboratories for sample preparation and extraction of natural product in terms of innovation, original procedures, and safe products. We discussed how bio-based solvents, water in different forms, deep eutectic solvents, liquefied gas have already become an important issue in the sample preparation in analytical chemistry of natural products replacing petroleum and hazardous solvents.

This study assesses, qualitatively and quantitatively, the performance of ten bio-based solvents to replace hexane for the extraction of oil from Pistacia lentiscus edible fruits. Solvent screening was achieved through theoretical approach using the COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Realistic Solvation (COSMO-RS) predictions and an experimental protocol based on GC-FID and HPTLC analysis. Unsupervised multivariate analyses were performed on GC-FID and HPTLC data. Experiments corroborated theoretical predictions indicating that MeTHF was the best alternative solvent to replace hexane. Moreover, the obtained extract exhibited a good anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting by 91.9% NO release in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These findings highlighted the potential of green solvents especially MeTHF in lipid extraction and exhibited that P. lentiscus oil presents a potential anti-inflammatory property and great nutritional value, notably high amount of oleic and linoleic acid, thus encouraging its valorization in food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industry., Cette étude consiste à évaluer, qualitativement et quantitativement, la performance de dix agro-solvants afin de remplacer l’hexane pour l’extraction de l’huile à partir des fruits comestibles de Pistacia lentiscus. Le criblage des solvants a été réalisé par une approche théorique en utilisant des outils de prédiction tels que COSMO-RS et une approche expérimentale basée sur les analyses CG-DIF et HPTLC. Des analyses multivariées ont été effectuées sur les données CG-DIF et HPTLC. Les résultats expérimentaux ont confirmé les prédictions théoriques indiquant que le MeTHF était le meilleur solvant alternatif pour substituer l’hexane. En outre, l’extrait obtenu présentait une bonne activité anti-inflammatoire, inhibant de 91,9% la libération de NO dans les macrophages RAW264.7. Ces résultats ont mis en évidence le potentiel des solvants verts, en particulier du MeTHF dans l’extraction lipidique et ont montré que l’huile de P. lentiscus présentait une activité antiinflammatoire potentielle et une grande valeur nutritionnelle, notamment une teneur élevée en acide oléique et linoléique, encourageant ainsi sa valorisation dans les industries alimentaire, cosmétique ou pharmaceutique.

We were interested in Pistacia lentiscus fixed oil which was extracted from ripe seeds. The characterization of this oil was performed on fatty acids, triacylglycerols, tocopherols and sterols composition. We also evaluated its mineral composition. The results showed that the prominent class of fatty acids was represented by monounsaturated fatty acids accounting for 52.4% of the whole fatty acids. It was followed by saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids accounting respectively for 26.42, 21.18 and 11%. The major fatty acid (FA) was oleic acid with an amount of 51.06%. Linoleic acid (C18: 2) which is an essential FA accounted for 20.71% of total fatty acids. The majority of triacylglycerols are in mono and polyunsaturated forms. The major constituents were stearoyl-oleyl-linoleylglycerol and palmitoyl-dioleylglycerol acounting together for 27.58% of total TAGs. Concerning sterols, their quantity in Lentisk oil was about4.17 mg/ kg of oil. This quantity is comparable to that of oil seed rapeseed. We noted the prevalence of β-sitosterol with an amount of 55.5%. Furthermore, P. lentiscus oil contained 8111.137 mg of tocopherols/kg of oil. α-tocopherol which has the highest antioxidant activity accounted for 97% of whole tocopherols in Lentisk oil. Lentisk oil was rich in minerals. The most abundant mineral was Na, followed by K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Cu. These minerals are essential and indispensable for the human body, for their nutritional value. Key words: Lentisk, Pistacia lentiscus, ripe seed oil, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, sterols, tocopherols.