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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:39:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_8102_Wilson Obéd Emmerich.pdf: 3840323 bytes, checksum: 9d445aefa2bb03ad8e6dae6ae020d618 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-19 Em materiais plásticos transparentes expostos à luz solar, a radiação ultravioleta (UV) emitida pelo sol provoca perda das características de transmissão da luz. Isto é percebido pelo amarelecimento do material polimérico que faz o encapsulamento de células fotovoltaicas (FV) em vários tipos de Módulos FV. Num trabalho recente foram produzidas partículas de quartzo tratadas com raios gama e estas funcionaram como estabilizante contra fotodegradação de um compósito de EVA + quartzo. A presente pesquisa testou outros caminhos de menor custo, empregando o quartzo, mas sem o tratamento com raios gama. Foram utilizados apenas tratamentos térmicos e moagens. Foi desenvolvida uma nova metodologia, incluindo um fator de qualidade para avaliar a adequação das amostras à proteção de plásticos contra fotodegradação. Após sofrerem tratamentos térmicos com a temperaturas variando até 1100 °C por 3 e 6 horas, as amostras de quartzo foram maceradas em almofariz de ágata ou moídas em moinho de esferas. Os dois tipos de moagem proporcionaram diminuição no tamanho de partícula. A moagem no moinho de esferas também levou à redução no tamanho de grão cristalino. Ambas as reduções de tamanho, assim como o aumento no fator de qualidade, acontecem já nos primeiros instantes da moagem (15 min) e maceração. Moagem adicional não influencia significativamente no fator de qualidade. Os fatores de qualidade obtidos são comparáveis àqueles de amostras produzidas por Carvalho (2011) e que protegeram com sucesso filmes poliméricos contra fotodegradação. Palavras-Chave: Quartzo - tratamento térmico/moagem. Encapsulantes de células fotovoltaicas - fotodegradação

Programmable networks offer the ability to customize router behaviour at run time, thus increasing flexibility of network administration. Programmable network routers are configured using domain-specific languages. In this paper, we describe our approach to defining the syntax and semantics of such a domain-specific language. The ability to evolve router programs dynamically creates potential for misconfigurations. By exploiting domain-specific abstractions, we are able to translate router configurations into Promela and validate them using the Spin model checker, thus providing reasoning support for our domain-specific language. To evaluate our approach we use our configuration language to express the IETF's Differentiated Services specification and show that industrial-sized DiffServ router configurations can be validated using Spin on a standard PC. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

The enormous changes in software engineering practice make it prudent to consider the interplay between software engineering research and practice. Toward that end, the authors provide an overall view of the motivations behind the Impact Project, the research methodology followed, and the project's development plan. They also explore more specific questions that separate study groups within the project have investigated. This research aims to determine what impact, if any, software engineering research has had upon practice and to substantiate any such impact with scholarly research appropriate to a scientific community.

This paper discusses the approach that will be taken by the PLASTIC project (http://www.ist-plastic.org) in order to assist the development of adaptable, reliable and performing software services for Beyond 3rd Generation networks.

Modern scientific applications often need to be distributed across grids. Increasingly applications rely on services, such as job submission, data transfer or data portal services. We refer to such services as grid services. While the invocation of grid services could be hard coded in theory, scientific users want to orchestrate service invocations more flexibly. In enterprise applications, the orchestration of web services is achieved using emerging orchestration standards, most notably the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). We describe our experience in orchestrating scientific workflows using BPEL. We have gained this experience during an extensive case study that orchestrates grid services for the automation of a polymorph prediction application.

Performance characteristics, such as response time, throughput, and scalability, are key quality attributes of distributed applications. Current practice,however, rarely applies systematic techniques to evaluate performance characteristics. We argue that evaluation of performance is particularly crucial in early development stages, when important architectural choices are made. At first glance, this contradicts the use of testing techniques, which are usually applied toward the end of a project. In this chapter, we assume that many distributed systems are built with middleware technologies, such as the Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) or the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). These provide services and facilities whose implementations are available when architectures are defined. We also note that it is the middleware functionality, such as transaction and persistence services, remote communication primitives, and threading policy primitives, that dominates distributed system performance. Drawing on these observations, this chapter presents a novel approach to performance testing of distributed applications. We propose to derive application-specific test cases from architecture designs so that the performance of a distributed application can be tested based on the middleware software at early stages of a development process. We report empirical results that support the viability of the approach.

We have recently witnessed a growing interest in self organising systems, both in research and in practice. These systems re-organise in response to new or changing conditions in the environment. The need for self organisation is often found in mobile applications; these applications are typically hosted in resource-constrained environments and may have to dynamically reorganise in response to changes of user needs, to heterogeneity and connectivity challenges, as well as to changes in the execution context and physical environment. We argue that physically mobile applications benefit from the use of self organisation primitives. We show that a component model that incorporates code mobility primitives assists in building self organising mobile systems. We present satin, a lightweight component model, which represents a mobile system as a set of interoperable local components. The model supports reconfiguration, by offering code migration services. We discuss an implementation of the satin middleware, based on the component model and evaluate our work by adapting existing open source software as satin components and by building and testing a system that manages the dynamic update of components on mobile hosts.

SLAng is a language for expressing Service LevelAgreements (SLAs) under development as part of the Europeanproject TAPAS. It is defined using a meta-model, an instance ofthe Meta-Object Facility (MOF) model, in which the relationshipbetween the syntax of the language and its domain of applicationis explicitly represented, and the violation semantics ofthe language defined using Object Constraint Language (OCL)constraints. The concrete syntax of the language is the XMLMeta-data Interchange (XMI) mapping of the syntactic part ofthe meta-model. In this paper we describe how the Java MetadataInterface (JMI) mapping can be applied to the meta-modelof the language to generate interfaces and classes to create andquery SLAs and relevant service monitoring data in memory;and how an OCL interpreter can be applied to check violationconstraints over this data, resulting in the implementation of acontract checker that is highly likely to respect the semantics ofthe language.

In this article we describe the eMinerals mini grid, which is now running in production mode. Thisis an integration of both compute and data components, the former build upon Condor, PBS and thefunctionality of Globus v2, and the latter being based on the combined use of the Storage ResourceBroker and the CCLRC data portal. We describe how we have integrated the middleware components,and the different facilities provided to the users for submitting jobs within such an environment. We willalso describe additional functionality we found it necessary to provide ourselves.

We provide an insight into the demand from the UK eScience community for very large HighThroughput Computing resources and provide an example of such a resource in current productionuse: the 930-node eMinerals Condor pool at UCL. We demonstrate the significant benefits thisresource has provided to UK eScientists via quickly and easily realising results throughout a rangeof problem areas. We demonstrate the value added by the pool to UCL I.S infrastructure andprovide a case for the expansion of very large Condor resources within the UK eScience Gridinfrastructure. We provide examples of the technical and administrative difficulties faced whenscaling up to institutional Condor pools, and propose the introduction of a UK Condor/HTCworking group to co-ordinate the mid to long term UK eScience Condor development, deploymentand support requirements, starting with the inaugural UK Condor Week in October 2004.

In order for existing grid middleware to remain viable it is important to investigate their potentialfor integration with emerging grid standards and architectural schemes. The Open Grid ServicesArchitecture (OGSA), developed by the Globus Alliance and based on standard XML-based webservices technology, was the first attempt to identify the architectural components required tomigrate towards standardized global grid service delivery. This paper presents an investigation intothe integration of Condor, a widely adopted and sophisticated high-throughput computing softwarepackage, and OGSA; with the aim of bringing Condor in line with advances in Grid computing andprovide the Grid community with a mature suite of high-throughput computing job and resourcemanagement services. This report identifies mappings between elements of the OGSA and Condorinfrastructures, potential areas of conflict, and defines a set of complementary architectural optionsby which individual Condor services can be exposed as OGSA Grid services, in order to achieve aseamless integration of Condor resources in a standardized grid environment.

Comprehensive consistency management requires a strong mechanism for repair once inconsistencies have been detected. In this paper we present a repair framework for inconsistent distributed documents. The core piece of the framework is a new method for generating interactive repairs from full first order logic formulae that constrain these documents. We present a full implementation of the components in our repair framework, as well as their application to the UML and related heterogeneous documents such as EJB deployment descriptors. We describe how our approach can be used as an infrastructure for building higher-level, domain specific frameworks and provide an overview of related work in the database and software development environment community.