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Wind turbine noise propagation in a hilly terrain is studied through numerical simulation in different scenarios. Linearized Euler equations are solved in a moving frame that follows the wavefront, and wind turbine noise is modeled with an extended moving source. We employ large-eddy simulations to simulate the flow around the hill and the wind turbine. The sound pressure levels (SPLs) obtained for a wind turbine in front of a 2D hill and a wind turbine on a hilltop are compared to a baseline flat case. First, the source height and wind speed strongly affect sound propagation downwind. We find that topography influences the wake shape, inducing changes in the sound propagation that drastically modify the SPL downwind. Placing the turbine on the hilltop increases the average sound pressure level and amplitude modulation downwind. For the wind turbine placed upstream of a hill, a strong shielding effect is observed. But, because of the refraction by the wind gradient, levels are comparable with the baseline flat case just after the hill. Thus, considering how terrain topography alters the flow and wind turbine wake is essential to accurately predict wind turbine noise propagation.

High-grade serious ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is an aggressive malignancy that remains refractory to current immunotherapies. While advanced stage disease has been extensively studied, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote early immune escape in HGSOC remain largely unexplored. Here, we report that primary HGSO tumors program neutrophils to inhibit T cell anti-tumor function by activating the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor IRE1α. We found that intratumoral neutrophils exhibited overactivation of ER stress response markers compared with their counterparts at non-tumor sites. Selective deletion of IRE1α in neutrophils delayed primary ovarian tumor growth and extended the survival of mice with HGSOC by enabling early T cell-mediated tumor control. Notably, loss of IRE1α in neutrophils sensitized tumor-bearing mice to PD-1 blockade, inducing HGSOC regression and long-term survival in ~ 50% of the treated hosts. Hence, neutrophil-intrinsic IRE1α facilitates early adaptive immune escape in HGSOC and targeting this ER stress sensor might be used to unleash endogenous and immunotherapy-elicited immunity that controls metastatic disease.

Abstract To evaluate the association between discrimination based on sexual orientation and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adolescents. This was a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort performed in southern Brazil. The baseline assessment was carried out in 2010 with a sample of preschoolers (1 to 5 years). Subsequently, these individuals were reassessed, and for the present study, only the data from the final follow-up in 2020 were considered. OHRQoL was assessed by the short version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14). The discrimination due to sexual orientation was measured using item 10 of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Sociodemographic (sex, age, skin color, maternal education, household income) psychosocial (sense of coherence), and clinical variables (untreated dental caries) were also evaluated. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis was performed to verify the associations. Results are present as rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A total of 429 adolescents were evaluated – about 67.1% of those assessed at baseline. The prevalence of discrimination due to sexual orientation was 3.3%. Adolescents who reported suffering episodes of discrimination due to sexual orientation presented overall CPQ11-14 scores 16% higher (RR 1.16, 95%CI 1.01-1.36) than their counterparts. Adolescents who reported suffering episodes of discrimination due to sexual orientation presented poorer OHRQoL.

STEM pedagogy is a popular area for research and discussion. The empirical literature on this topic supports a variety of approaches (e.g., inquiry-based) to help instructors spark student interest create an effective learning environment, and foster long-term retention and transfer of information related to STEM topics. One potential approach is to use tenets of embodied cognition, in which behavior and cognition emerge out of real-time sensorimotor behavior of the individual situated within a particular context, to implement strategies to enhance STEM pedagogy. We applied the six lessons of embodied cognition to understand the beneficial aspects of a middle-school project on water quality and concluded with recommendations of incorporation of the six lessons for STEM pedagogy at large.

O método SIT “all-out” tem sido utilizado em uma série de investigações visando contribuir no desempenho dos atletas de endurance. O objetivo foi comparar o efeito do SIT “all-out” sobre o VO2máx e a força explosiva em corredores recreacionais. Participaram 49 corredores de ambos os sexos, organizados em 3 grupos de acordo com o tempo de prática de corrida, sendo: G1: iniciante à prática; G2: até um ano de prática e G3: >1 ano de prática. Foram avaliadas as variáveis aptidão aeróbia (Shuttle Run Test) e força explosiva de membros inferiores por meio dos protocolos de saltos verticais (CMJ e SJ), pré e pós 12 semanas de treinamento. Aplicou-se o teste de Shapiro-Wilk. O teste de Levene foi usado para testar a homogeneidade das variâncias. Posteriormente o método das equações de estimativas generalizadas seguido do post-hoc de Bonferroni foi utilizado para comparações entre os grupos e medida (inicial e pós-intervenção), bem como suas interações. Adotou-se o modelo descritivo. O nível de significância adotado foi de p

La laringoplastia de medialización en consultorio es una técnica poco estudiada y aplicada en Venezuela que ofrece múltiples ventajas que pueden generar un costo-beneficio significativo. Objetivo: presentar la experiencia de la medialización de cuerdas vocales en consultorio en pacientes que acudieron a la consulta de Otorrinolaringología del Centro Médico Docente la Trinidad en el período comprendido entre Febrero 2022 y Octubre 2023. Método: estudio ambispectivo, descriptivo. Resultados: Un total de 06 pacientes se sometieron a una inyección con implante de CaHA en las cuerdas vocales. Se incluyeron 03 pacientes con datos de evaluación completos, las puntuaciones del VHI-10 y la escala visual análoga demostraron una marcada mejoría de la autopercepción de voz. La media general del VHI-10 previa a la medialización con implante de CaHa era de 37 puntos, y la media post medialización fue de 7 puntos. La media general de autopercepción de voz evaluada mediante EVA previa al procedimiento era de 9 puntos y posterior de 1. La tolerancia al procedimiento evaluada mediante EVA fue reportada como tolerable en 2 pacientes y en un paciente como muy doloroso, con una media general de 6. No se contaron con datos de evaluación completos para los tres pacientes restantes. No se reportaron complicaciones. Conclusiones: la medialización de cuerdas vocales con implante de CaHA en el consultorio para manejo de parálisis unilateral de cuerdas vocales parece ser un procedimiento seguro con una tasa de complicaciones bajas y resultados efectivos aún a largo plazo.

Abstract This study investigated the prevalence of possible bruxism and its association with social capital among undergraduates during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a private university in Southern Brazil. Data were collected through a self-administered electronic questionnaire (Google Forms). Possible bruxism was measured using the following question: “Do you grind your teeth or clench your jaws?”. Social capital was evaluated using individual social networks. Data on self-perceived oral health, anxiety, sociodemographics, and information related to university graduates were also collected. Adjusted logistic regression models with a hierarchical approach were used to evaluate associations. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Altogether, 345 undergraduates participated in the study, with a mean age of 21.8 years (standard deviation = 5.21). The prevalence of bruxism in the sample was 57.1%. Undergraduates with low social capital had 2.06 times greater odds of bruxism than their counterparts (OR 2.06; 95%CI 1.11–3.83). Female undergraduates (OR 2.40, 95%CI 1.39–4.12), those who were in the final year of university (OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.04–1.21), and those who perceived they needed dental treatment (OR 1.91; CI: 1.21–3.02) also had greater odds of possible bruxism. In conclusion, the prevalence of possible bruxism was high among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated with lower social capital levels. Knowledge of these factors is important to identify risk groups and plan strategies to control bruxism in this population.

Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns can trigger the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α (IRE1α) arm of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in innate immune cells. This process maintains ER homeostasis and also coordinates diverse immunomodulatory programs during bacterial and viral infections. However, the role of innate IRE1α signaling in response to fungal pathogens remains elusive. Here, we report that systemic infection with the human opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans induced proinflammatory IRE1α hyperactivation in myeloid cells that led to fatal kidney immunopathology. Mechanistically, simultaneous activation of the TLR/IL-1R adaptor protein MyD88 and the C-type lectin receptor dectin-1 by C. albicans induced NADPH oxidase–driven generation of ROS, which caused ER stress and IRE1α-dependent overexpression of key inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and TNF-α. Selective ablation of IRE1α in leukocytes, or treatment with an IRE1α pharmacological inhibitor, mitigated kidney inflammation and prolonged the survival of mice with systemic C. albicans infection. Therefore, controlling IRE1α hyperactivation may be useful for impeding the immunopathogenic progression of disseminated candidiasis.

Background: Initial caries lesions in primary teeth have presented a low progression rate after 2 years, but it could be higher in longer follow‐ups. Aim: To evaluate the progression rates of sound surfaces and initial and moderate caries lesions after 7 years. Design: This prospective 7‐year cohort study included 639 preschool children aged 1–5 years in 2010. In 2017, 449 children were reassessed (70.3% retention rate). Dental caries was collected using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in both assessments. Incidence rate (IR) per 100 surface‐years estimated the progression rates of sound surfaces and initial and moderate lesions for worse conditions. Cox regression with shared frailty evaluated the possible risk factors. Results: IR was 1.0% for sound surfaces, 2.8% and 4.2% for ICDAS scores 1 and 2, respectively, and about 17.0% for moderate lesions. The most significant risk factor for the progression was the presence of cavitated lesions in other teeth. The type of surface and tooth also influenced the outcome. Conclusion: The progression rate of initial caries lesions in primary teeth remains low even after 7 years, but cavitated caries lesions in other teeth increase this risk. Moderate lesions demonstrate a higher risk of progression when compared to sound surfaces and initial caries lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-grade serious ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is an aggressive malignancy that remains refractory to current immunotherapies. While advanced stage disease has been extensively studied, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote early immune escape in HGSOC remain largely unexplored. Here, we report that primary HGSO tumors program neutrophils to inhibit T cell anti-tumor function by activating the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor IRE1α. We found that intratumoral neutrophils exhibited overactivation of ER stress response markers compared with their counterparts at non-tumor sites. Selective deletion of IRE1α in neutrophils delayed primary ovarian tumor growth and extended the survival of mice with HGSOC by enabling early T cell-mediated tumor control. Notably, loss of IRE1α in neutrophils sensitized tumor-bearing mice to PD-1 blockade, inducing HGSOC regression and long-term survival in ~ 50% of the treated hosts. Hence, neutrophil-intrinsic IRE1α facilitates early adaptive immune escape in HGSOC and targeting this ER stress sensor might be used to unleash endogenous and immunotherapy-elicited immunity that controls metastatic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate the moderating effect of sense of coherence (SOC) on the relationship between social capital and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among schoolchildren. Methods A cohort study was conducted in the city of Santa Maria, Brazil, involving children aged 1–5 years at baseline who were reassessed after 10 years in adolescence (11–15 years-old). Social capital was assessed at baseline and follow-up through social networks and social trust. Sense of coherence scale (SOC-13) and the short form of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11–14 (CPQ11–14) were measured at 10-years follow-up. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and dental caries were also evaluated. Moderating effect of SOC on the relationship between social capital and OHRQoL was tested using multilevel adjusted Poisson regression analysis and simple slope test. Results From the 639 subjects assessed at baseline, 429 were reassessed at follow-up (cohort retention rate 67.1%). Moderate and high levels of SOC demonstrated a moderating effect on the relationship between social capital and OHRQoL. Among individuals who presented low social capital at baseline and follow-up, those who had high SOC reported, respectively, an impact 63% and 70% lower on OHRQoL when compared to those with low SOC. The greatest margin effect was observed in individuals with low social capital and low SOC at follow-up (24.25; p

La presbiacusia es el déficit de la función auditiva que se presenta como consecuencia del fenómeno de envejecimiento trayendo como resultados limitaciones para comunicarse y vincularse con el entorno afectando la vida cotidiana del adulto mayor que lo padece. En este sentido, se plantea si aplicando enmascaramiento contralateral en pacientes con presbiacusia afecta la discriminación auditiva. Objetivos: Identificar las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes con presbiacusia, el grado de pérdida auditiva y el porcentaje de discriminación auditiva, comparando finalmente la discriminación auditiva con enmascaramiento y sin enmascaramiento contralateral. Métodos: fue un estudio observacional, analítico y de corte transversal. Resultados: Obtuvimos una media general para la edad de 77.4 años, predominó el sexo masculino representando el 59% del total de la muestra (29 pacientes). La hipoacusia moderada para ambos oídos fue la más frecuente. El tipo de discriminación que prevaleció fue normal para ambos oídos con el 45% de la muestra. Solo el 14% de los pacientes estudiados presentó cambios al aplicar enmascaramiento contralateral Aplicando t-Student de diferencia de dos muestras para la discriminación sin enmascaramiento y con enmascaramiento en oído derecho se observó que si hay cambio estadísticamente significativo (p= 0,044); así mismo para el oído izquierdo con enmascaramiento y sin enmascaramiento obteniendo la misma conclusión pero con un p mayor al oído derecho (p=0,053). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio demuestran que aplicando enmascaramiento contralateral durante la logoaudiometria en pacientes con presbiacusia si hay cambios acercándonos entonces a la cotidianidad, lo que pudiese contribuir su rehabilitación integral

Aim: To assess the immediate and late effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents. Design: This is a longitudinal study performed with adolescents (11–15 years old) from Southern Brazil who were evaluated before the COVID‐19 outbreak, and 3 (T2) and 15 (T3) months after the beginning of the pandemic. OHRQoL was assessed using the CPQ11‐14. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were also collected. Changes in OHRQoL before, 3 and 15 months after the start of the pandemic were analyzed through multilevel Poisson regression models for repeated measures. Results: A total of 290 adolescents were evaluated at T1, 207 were re‐evaluated at T2, and 204 at T3. Overall CPQ11‐14 scores over follow‐ups were 11.0 (SD 8.0) at T1, 8.3 (SD 7.8) and 12.8 (SD 8.8) at T3. Compared to T1, adolescents presented 29% lower overall CPQ11‐14 scores (IRR 0.71 95% CI 0.66–0.75) at T2, and 11% higher scores at T3 (IRR 1.11 95% CI 1.05–1 0.17), especially for the emotional and social well‐being domains. Conclusion: COVID‐19 pandemic impacted the adolescents' OHRQoL differently over time, indicating a reduction in impacts immediately after the beginning and worsening over long term exposure to this scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind turbine noise propagation in a hilly terrain is studied through numerical simulation in different scenarios. Linearized Euler equations are solved in a moving frame that follows the wavefront, and wind turbine noise is modeled with an extended moving source. We employ large-eddy simulations to simulate the flow around the hill and the wind turbine. The sound pressure levels (SPLs) obtained for a wind turbine in front of a 2D hill and a wind turbine on a hilltop are compared to a baseline flat case. First, the source height and wind speed strongly affect sound propagation downwind. We find that topography influences the wake shape, inducing changes in the sound propagation that drastically modify the SPL downwind. Placing the turbine on the hilltop increases the average sound pressure level and amplitude modulation downwind. For the wind turbine placed upstream of a hill, a strong shielding effect is observed. But, because of the refraction by the wind gradient, levels are comparable with the baseline flat case just after the hill. Thus, considering how terrain topography alters the flow and wind turbine wake is essential to accurately predict wind turbine noise propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La traqueostomía es un procedimiento quirúrgico frecuente en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) que puede producir complicaciones como hemorragia, enfisema subcutáneo, neumotórax, decanulación accidental y formación de terceros espacios al intentar reposicionar una cánula de traqueostomo. En este sentido, se plantea la técnica de traqueostmía con sutura traqueal inferior al tejido subcutáneo, como alternativa para reducir dichas complicaciones. Objetivos: Analizar la experiencia obtenida describiendo las características epidemiológicas y diagnósticos de base en pacientes traqueostomizados, estableciendo el promedio de días bajo intubación endotraqueal en el que se practica y el índice de complicaciones tempranas que se presentan. Método: Se realizó revisión de historias y análisis de la información hallada calculando la media de las variables continuas; en el caso de las variables nominales se calcularon sus frecuencias y porcentajes. Resultados: No se hallaron complicaciones transoperatorias. Las complicaciones tempranas halladas fueron obstrucción mecánica presente en 13,79% de la muestra y hemorragia en 3,44%, todas con resolución satisfactoria. En casos de recambio programado de traqueostomo no se hallaron complicaciones. Conclusiones: La técnica de traqueostomía con sutura traqueal hacia tejido subcutáneo disminuye los riesgos de crear falsa vía cuando se intenta realizar reposicionamiento del traqueostomo. Complicaciones como hemorragia, enfisema subcutáneo o neumotórax, mantienen un bajo o nulo índice de aparición cuando se conoce la técnica y anatomía quirúrgica y el paciente no cuenta con agravantes. Es importante individualizar a cada paciente previo a la decisión de realizar una traqueostomía. El adecuado manejo del traqueostomo durante el postoperatorio es crucial para evitar complicaciones.

Background: With advances in neonatal care, management of prolonged pain in newborns is a daily concern. In addition to ethical considerations, pain in early life would have long-term effects and consequences. However, its treatment remains inadequate. It was therefore important to develop an experimental model of long-lasting analgesia for neonatal research.Materials and Methods: Experiments were performed in six groups of rats with transdermal fentanyl 0, 3, 12, 50, 100, or 200 μg/kg/h from second postnatal day (P2) until weaning. Assessment of analgesia was carried out at P21, with behavioral scores (ranging from 0 to 3) using a 4% formalin test. Plasma levels of fentanyl were determined by UPLC/TQD at P22. Growth rate was investigated.Results: Fentanyl 100 and 200 μg/kg/h reduced scores of formalin-evoked behavioral pain. They increased time spent in pain score 0 (8 min 55 s and 6 min 34 s versus 23 s in controls) as in low pain scores 1 and 2, and decreased time in the most severe pain score 3 (19 min 56 s and 17 min 39 s versus 44 min 15 s). Fentanylemia increased in a dose-dependent manner from 50 μg/kg/h (2.36 ± 0.64 ng/ml) to 200 μg/kg/h (8.66 ± 1.80 ng/ml). Concerning growth, no difference was observed except weaker growth from P17 to P22 with 200 μg/kg/h. Clinically, we noticed no visible side effect from 3 to 100 μg/kg/h. Concomitantly, 200 μg/kg/h was responsible for ophthalmological side effects with appearance of corneal bilateral clouding in 90% pups. No difference was observed between male and female rats.Conclusion: Altogether, results indicate that transdermal fentanyl 100 μg/kg/h is an efficient therapeutic for long-lasting analgesia in lactating pups. This new model provides a useful tool for protection and welfare, and future opportunity for studying long-term health consequences of sustainable neonatal analgesia.

La disfagia orofaríngea es una condición patológica frecuente, especialmente en pacientes adultos mayores. Se asocia a una serie de enfermedades (principalmente neurológicas y traumáticas), y conlleva un riesgo considerable de aspiración y neumonía. La evaluación nasofibroscópica de la deglución es una técnica que permite estudiar la fisiología de la deglución, estimar el riesgo de aspiración, orientar sobre la forma más segura de alimentar al paciente y necesidad de gastrostomía. El objetivo es escribir los hallazgos nasofibroendoscopicos en disfagia orofaríngea y categorizar la severidad por la escala de Hyodo como valor predictivo para gastrostomía. Se evaluaron 42 pacientes realizándoles nasofibrolaringoendoscopia donde se valoró el grado de disfunción de acuerdo a la escala de Hyodo para establecer las medidas alimentarias y requerimiento de gastrostomía. La prevalencia del sexo masculino de 28 casos (66,7%), sobre el femenino de 14 casos (33,3%). Los diagnósticos de base correspondieron en su mayoría a patología neurológica, con 23 casos (54, 8%).Seguido con neumonías recurrentes 9 casos y traumatismo craneoencefálico (TEC). En la escala de Hyodo 23 pacientes (64,2%), puntuó igual o menos de 7 puntos y diecinueve pacientes que representa el 35.8% clasificaron con grave disfunción, es decir, con puntuación igual o mayor de 8 lo que conllevo a realizar gastrostomía en un 31% de los pacientes. La nasofibrolaringoscopia asociado a la escala de Hyodo es útil para valorar a los pacientes con sospecha clínica de aspiración y trastornos de deglución; permite establecer estrategias terapéuticas y complementarias para modificar la dieta, terapias deglutorias y necesidad de gastrostomía.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the influence of early childhood malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods: 7-year cohort study involving 639 preschoolers (1 to 5 years) who had been evaluated initially with a survey conduced in 2010. Children completed the Brazilian version of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) to assess OHRQoL during the follow-up period. Exploratory variables were collected at baseline, including the presence and severity of malocclusion (overjet and lip coverage). Socioeconomic characteristics, oral health behavior, and patterns of dental attendance were also investigated. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to fit the association between malocclusion and OHRQoL. With this approach, incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results: A total of 449 children were re-evaluated (follow-up rate, 70.3%). The prevalence of accentuated overjet and inadequate lip coverage was 13.5% and 11.9%, respectively. The mean (±SD) CPQ8-10 score was 10.57±10.32. The presence of inadequate lip coverage was associated with higher overall mean CPQ8-10 scores (IRR 1.51; 95% CI 1.29-1.77), and social well-being, emotional well-being, and functional limitation domains. Children with accentuated overjet (>3mm) also demonstrated higher overall scores on the CPQ8-10 than their normal counterparts. The presence of this condition also influenced the oral symptom (IRR 1.29; 95% CI 1.08-1.53) and emotional well-being (IRR 1.30; 95% CI 1.02-1.66) domains. Conclusion: Results of the present study suggest that early childhood malocclusion is a risk factor for low OHRQoL in future.