Search

Your search keyword '"Emmanuelle Albalat"' showing total 34 results
Start Over Author "Emmanuelle Albalat"
34 results on '"Emmanuelle Albalat"'

1. Magnesium stable isotope composition, but not concentration, responds to obesity and early insulin-resistant conditions in minipig

Author

Samuel le Goff, Jean-Philippe Godin, Emmanuelle Albalat, José Manuel Ramos Nieves, and Vincent Balter

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Hypomagnesemia is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes and generally correlates with unfavorable disease progression, but the magnesium status in pre-diabetic conditions remains unclear. Here, the magnesium metabolism is scrutinized in a minipig model of obesity and insulin resistance by measuring variations of the metallome—the set of inorganic elements—and the magnesium stable isotope composition in six organs of lean and obese minipigs raised on normal and Western-type diet, respectively. We found that metallomic variations are most generally insensitive to lean or obese phenotypes. The magnesium stable isotope composition of plasma, liver, kidney, and heart in lean minipigs are significantly heavier than in obese minipigs. For both lean and obese minipigs, the magnesium isotope composition of plasma and liver were negatively correlated to clinical phenotypes and plasma lipoproteins concentration as well as positively correlated to hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp output. Because the magnesium isotope composition was not associated to insulin secretion, our results suggest that it is rather sensitive to whole body insulin sensitivity, opening perspectives to better comprehend the onset of insulin-resistant diabetic conditions.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Zinc Uptake by HIV-1 Viral Particles: An Isotopic Study

Author

Olivia Guillin, Emmanuelle Albalat, Caroline Vindry, Elisabeth Errazuriz-Cerda, Théophile Ohlmann, Vincent Balter, and Laurent Chavatte

Subjects
zinc, MC-ICP-MS, isotope fractionation, isotope labeling, viral particles, HIV-1, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Zinc, an essential trace element that serves as a cofactor for numerous cellular and viral proteins, plays a central role in the dynamics of HIV-1 infection. Among the viral proteins, the nucleocapsid NCp7, which contains two zinc finger motifs, is abundantly present viral particles and plays a crucial role in coating HIV-1 genomic RNA, thus concentrating zinc within virions. In this study, we investigated whether HIV-1 virus production impacts cellular zinc homeostasis and whether isotopic fractionation occurs between the growth medium, the producing cells, and the viral particles. We found that HIV-1 captures a significant proportion of cellular zinc in the neo-produced particles. Furthermore, as cells grow, they accumulate lighter zinc isotopes from the medium, resulting in a concentration of heavier isotopes in the media, and the viruses exhibit a similar isotopic fractionation to the producing cells. Moreover, we generated HIV-1 particles in HEK293T cells enriched with each of the five zinc isotopes to assess the potential effects on the structure and infectivity of the viruses. As no strong difference was observed between the HIV-1 particles produced in the various conditions, we have demonstrated that enriched isotopes can be accurately used in future studies to trace the fate of zinc in cells infected by HIV-1 particles. Comprehending the mechanisms underlying zinc absorption by HIV-1 viral particles offers the potential to provide insights for developing future treatments aimed at addressing this specific facet of the virus’s life cycle.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Hfe Gene Knock-Out in a Mouse Model of Hereditary Hemochromatosis Affects Bodily Iron Isotope Compositions

Author

Emmanuelle Albalat, Thibault Cavey, Patricia Leroyer, Martine Ropert, Vincent Balter, and Olivier Loréal

Subjects
iron isotope, organs, mouse model, iron overloaded, hereditary hemochromatosis (HFE), Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetic iron overload disease related to a mutation within the HFE gene that controls the expression of hepcidin, the master regulator of systemic iron metabolism. The natural stable iron isotope composition in whole blood of control subjects is different from that of hemochromatosis patients and is sensitive to the amount of total iron removed by the phlebotomy treatment. The use of stable isotopes to unravel the pathological mechanisms of iron overload diseases is promising but hampered by the lack of data in organs involved in the iron metabolism. Here, we use Hfe−/− mice, a model of hereditary hemochromatosis, to study the impact of the knock-out on iron isotope compositions of erythrocytes, spleen and liver. Iron concentration increases in liver and red blood cells of Hfe−/− mice compared to controls. The iron stable isotope composition also increases in liver and erythrocytes, consistent with a preferential accumulation of iron heavy isotopes in Hfe−/− mice. In contrast, no difference in the iron concentration nor isotope composition is observed in spleen of Hfe−/− and control mice. Our results in mice suggest that the observed increase of whole blood isotope composition in hemochromatosis human patients does not originate from, but is aggravated by, bloodletting. The subsequent rapid increase of whole blood iron isotope composition of treated hemochromatosis patients is rather due to the release of hepatic heavy isotope-enriched iron than augmented iron dietary absorption. Further research is required to uncover the iron light isotope component that needs to balance the accumulation of hepatic iron heavy isotope, and to better understand the iron isotope fractionation associated to metabolism dysregulation during hereditary hemochromatosis.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Steady analyses of potassium stable isotopes using a Thermo Scientific Neoma MC-ICP-MS

Author

Philippe Télouk, Emmanuelle Albalat, Théo Tacail, Florent Arnaud-Godet, and Vincent Balter

Subjects
Spectroscopy, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract

Potassium stable isotope compositions exhibit a wide range of natural variation (∼3‰), whose measurement has been recently achievable thanks to the development of collision cell, XHR mode, cold and dry plasma, or dummy bucket MC-ICP-MS.

Published
2022

7. Serpentinization in formate-bearing fluids: an experimental approach at 300 °C-25 MPa

Author

Muriel Andreani, Hervé Cardon, Ingrid Antheaume, Xavier Saupin, Patrick Jame, Emmanuelle Albalat, Olivier Sissmann, Erik Bonjour, Samuel Barbier, Eric C. Gaucher, Vincent Grossi, Clementine Fellah, Bénédicte Ménez, Isabelle Daniel, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre scientifique et Technique Jean Feger (CSTJF), TOTAL FINA ELF, IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Isotopique & Organique - Isotopic & Organic, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the European Association of Geochemistry and the Geochemical Society, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Total SA - CSTJF, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Bearing (mechanical), Chemistry, law, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Formate, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Nuclear chemistry, law.invention
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

8. Dynamics of oceanic iron prior to the Great Oxygenation Event

Author

John Foden, Francis Albarède, Janne Blichert-Toft, Emmanuelle Albalat, Harilaos Tsikos, Fanny Thibon, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Proterozoic, Great Oxygenation Event, Archean, Geochemistry, Weathering, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Early Earth, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Precambrian, Geophysics, chemistry, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Carbonate, Banded iron formation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We report Fe isotope compositions in banded iron formations (BIF) from three cores from the pre-GOE Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa, and one core from the pre-GOE Joffre Member of the Hamersley Group, Australia. The low abundances of detrital elements such as Al, Ti, Sc, and V suggest that these BIF were deposited in distal positions with respect to Precambrian continents, while the very low P abundances are incompatible with strong biological productivity at these localities. A combination of U–Pb chronology and cobalt accumulation rates is used to establish a high-resolution time scale and deduce chemical fluxes. The e-folding time of δ 56 Fe variations up stratigraphy is used to determine Fe oceanic residence times and Fe concentrations as well as the dissolved carbonate content of Early Proterozoic seas. Iron oceanic residence times increased from 0.2 to 2.3 Ma during the time interval between 2521 and 2394 Ma covered by the present cores, translating into ocean Fe concentrations increasing from 6.4 to 37 mmol kg−1. Massive BIF precipitation was triggered by release of CO2 into the atmosphere and subsequent surges of alkalinity into the ocean due to the weathering of large subaerial volcanic systems. We argue that a suitable electron acceptor for Fe2+ oxidation to magnetite is the inorganic conversion of CO2 (or dissolved inorganic carbon) to CH4. In the process, H+ is produced, which is reinjected into oceanic hydrothermal systems liberating Fe2+. The couple Fe2+-magnetite may, in the Archean, have played the same buffering role as the couple Ca2+-calcite plays today. Massive injection of methane into the atmosphere would accompany BIF deposition and make the early Earth similar to modern Titan. Therefore, although biological processes may have assisted iron oxidation and precipitation, they are not a prerequisite for BIF deposition.

Published
2019

13. Quantifying the evolution of animal dairy intake in humans using calcium isotopes

Author

Estelle Herrscher, Christine Verna, Geoffrey Clark, Vincent Balter, Emmanuelle Albalat, Frédérique Valentin, Jeremy E. Martin, Théo Tacail, Fernando Ramirez-Rozzi, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian National University (ANU), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes of calcium, Animal science, Neolithic, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Stable isotopes, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Holocene, Dietary intake, Non-traditional isotopes, Significant difference, Geology, Western europe, Calcium isotopes, Neolithization, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Dairy products
Abstract

International audience; The contribution of dairy products to modern human diets has a debated role in the expansion of Neolithic economies and the dynamics of demographic transitions. While current methods allow discussing dairy production and processing, no approach allows reconstructing quantitatively its effective consumption. Calcium isotopes (δ44/42Ca) potentially represent such a marker due to the abundance of isotopically fractionated Ca in dairy products. Here, we test Ca isotope sensitivity to dietary intake of dairy product: we first used a dietary model based on a compilation of available data of dietary Ca sources; we then compared the modelled outputs to available and newly acquired skeletal δ44/42Ca values of individuals from populations with documented and markedly distinct dairy consumption habits. Our model predicts a marked decrease of skeletal δ44/42Ca values with dairy Ca intake. We measure a significant difference in δ44/42Ca values between populations eating no dairy products and those with high proportions of dairy Ca in their diet. The average dairy Ca intakes inferred by the model agree well with the documented dietary habits of these populations. Finally, we observe a significant drift across Neolithic and Iron Age periods up to modern times in societies producing dairy, contrasting with the populations consuming no dairy products. This trend marks a dramatic change in the utilization of dietary Ca. Given the available data, our model supports a marked increase in dairy intake starting from the late Neolithic period in Western Europe. Calcium isotopes could yield significant insight into the evolutions of dairy product intakes and the biocultural revolutions experienced by Neolithic populations.

Published
2021

14. Lactation and gestation controls on calcium isotopic compositions in a mammalian model

Author

Doryan Grivault, Samuel Le Goff, Vincent Balter, Jean-Alexis Hernandez, Auguste Hassler, Emmanuelle Albalat, Stéphane Ferchaud, Jeremy E. Martin, Théo Tacail, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Expérimentale Elevages Porcins Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Oslo (UiO), Center for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Calcium Isotopes, Swine, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biophysics, chemistry.chemical_element, [SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny, Fractionation, Calcium, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Models, Biological, Bone and Bones, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal science, Pregnancy, Lactation, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, medicine, Animals, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Isotope, Metals and Alloys, Animal Feed, Body Fluids, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Animals, Newborn, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Gestation, Colostrum, Composition (visual arts), Female, Reproduction
Abstract

Lactation and gestation are among the physiological events that trigger the most intense changes in body calcium (Ca) fluxes. Along with the composition of the animal 2021 diet, these events are suspected to impact the Ca isotopic composition of Ca body reservoirs but their dynamics are poorly understood. In this study, we monitored a group of domestic sows across a full reproduction cycle. We collected tissues and fluids (blood, urine, milk, colostrum, umbilical blood, adult and piglet bones) at different steps of gestation and lactation, and analyzed their Ca isotopic compositions (i.e. δ44/42Ca) by means of multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Among other results, we report the first observations of Ca isotopic fractionation between maternal and umbilical blood (Δ44/42Caumbilical blood-sow blood = −0.18 ± 0.11‰, n = 3). Our data also highlight that gestation and lactation periods are characterized by small diet-bone Ca isotopic offsets (Δ44/42Cabone-diet = −0.28 ± 0.11‰, n = 3), with 44Ca-enriched blood compositions during nursing (Δ44/42Canursing blood-gestation blood = $+ 0.42{\rm{\,\,}}_{ - 0.12}^{ + 0.11}$‰, n = 3). Under the light of an up-to-date mammalian box model, we explored different scenarios of gestation and lactation Ca fluxes experienced by a sow-like animal. These simulations suggest that gestation changes on body δ44/42Ca values may result from the intensification of Ca absorption by the animal, whereas the production of 44Ca-depleted milk is the main driver for the 44Ca enrichment in blood during lactation. In addition, our results also support that bone mineralization could be associated with a more restricted Ca isotopic fractionation than previously envisioned. Together, these results refine the framework of Ca isotope applications, notably regarding the monitoring of human bone balance and the study of species and ecosystems from the present and the past.

Published
2020

15. Inter-comparison of stable iron, copper and zinc isotopic compositions in six reference materials of biological origin

Author

Frank Vanhaecke, Nadine Mattielli, Lucie Sauzéat, Emmanuelle Albalat, Marta Costas-Rodríguez, Vincent Balter, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), A&MS Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Unité de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées (UMPA-ENSL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire Géochimie, Traçage Isotopique, Minéral et élémentaire - G-Time (Bruxelles, Belgium)

Subjects
Iron, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Fractionation, Zinc, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Blood serum, Isotopes, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Animals, Chimie, Orders of magnitude (data), Isotope, Stable isotope ratio, 010401 analytical chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Copper, Stable isotope, Trace Elements, 0104 chemical sciences, Certified reference materials, chemistry, Cattle, Reference material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

There is a lack of certified reference materials with an organic matrix for which metal isotope ratios have been certified. Here, we have determined the iron, copper and zinc stable isotopic compositions for six reference materials of biological origin with diverse matrices, i.e. BCR-380R (whole milk), BCR-383 (beans), ERM-CE464 (tuna fish), SRM-1577c (bovine liver), DORM-4 (fish protein) and TORT-3 (lobster hepatopancreas) in three different labs. The concentrations for six major and sixteen trace elements, spanning almost four orders of magnitude, were also measured and the results obtained show an excellent agreement with certified values, demonstrating that the dissolution step was quantitative for all the standards. By taking literature data into account, 39 possible pair-wise comparisons of mean iron, copper and zinc isotopic values (δ values) could be made. Results of Tukey multiple comparisons of means yielded 11 significantly different pairs. Most of these differences are of the same order of magnitude as the estimated mean expanded uncertainties (U, k = 2) (±0.10‰, ±0.05‰, and ±0.05‰ for the δ56Fe, δ65Cu and δ66Zn values, respectively). The present inter-comparison study finally proposes nineteen new preferred values for the Cu, Zn and Fe isotopic compositions of six reference materials of biological origin., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020

16. Effect of serpentinization on carbon speciation: an experiment with formic acid

Author

Isabelle Daniel, Hervé Cardon, Eric C. Gaucher, Ingrid Antheaume, Erik Bonjour, Bénédicte Ménez, Xavier Saupin, Muriel Andreani, Vincent Grossi, Clementine Fellah, Patrick Jame, Emmanuelle Albalat, and Samuel Barbier

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemistry, Formic acid, Environmental chemistry, Carbon speciation
Abstract

One of the principal theories about the origin of life is based on the abiotic reduction of carbon oxides to various organic molecules in hydrothermal systems. This synthesis is most favored in ultramafic environments undergoing hydrothermal alteration where the serpentinization reaction efficiently produces H2. Nevertheless, decades of hydrothermal experiments have hardly succeeded in producing abundant organic volatiles such as CH4 and short-chain hydrocarbons. On another hand, natural observations have shown the occurrence of other abiotic compounds such as organic acids in fluids and carbonaceous matter (CM) within serpentinized rocks. But organic acids as carbon source and CM as product have not been investigated so far in experiments reproducing hydrothermal peridotite alteration. Here, we explored the effect of formic acid (HCOOH) on the serpentinization reaction and possible feedback effects on carbon speciation in both fluid and solid. We performed reactions at 300°C and 250 bar using peridotite powder (2, CO, and CO2. After 4 months, H2, CO, CO2, CH4 and short-chain alkanes (mainly ethane) were measured in the fluid, and the powder was completely indurated. The solidified powder displayed a black and white layering perpendicular to fluid diffusion. Its analysis showed the advancement of the serpentinization reaction, and the incorporation of carbon compounds into the solid phase. XRD analysis indicated 70% of serpentinization. SEM-EDX observations showed peculiar texture with large and localized euhedral magnetite grains alternating with larger magnetite grains mixed with C-enriched areas of long chrysotile fibers. FT-IR measurement attested of the widespread formation of carbonaceous material in the solid. Liquid analyses are under progress. Those first results suggest that serpentine formation not only provides additional H2 to the system, but also mineral surfaces that could play a role in the precipitation of carbonaceous material and carbon speciation in natural systems. The nature and formation mechanisms of this latter remain to be addressed but this opens new paths for abiotic organic synthesis under hydrothermal conditions. In addition to their implications as an abiotic carbon source for deep hydrocarbon degraders ecosystems, it could have important implications for the total carbon cycle.

Published
2020

17. Where is the Toba eruption in the Vostok ice core? Clues from tephra, O and S isotopes

Author

Shohei Hattori, Vladimir Ya. Lipenkov, Elsa Gautier, Joel Savarino, Francis Albarède, Jean-Robert Petit, Nicolas Caillon, and Emmanuelle Albalat

Subjects
Isotope, Ice core, Geochemistry, Tephra, Geology
Abstract

The ca. 74 ka BP ‘‘super-eruption’’ of Toba volcano in Sumatra is the largest known Quaternary eruption. It expelled an estimated of 2800 km3 of dense rock equivalent, creating a caldera of 100 x 30 km. The eruption is estimated to have been 3500 greater than the Tambora eruption that created the “year without summer” in 1816 in Europe (Oppenheimer, 2002). However, the consequences of this “mega-eruption” on the climate and human evolution that could be expected for such eruption are still debated and uncertain. There is no evidence that this eruption has triggered any catastrophic climate change such as a “nuclear winter”. One of such lack of evidence lies in the ice.In the ice core community, this eruption still remains a mystery. Indeed, the estimated size of the eruption should have left a gigantic mark in the ice, at least in the form of a huge sulfuric acid layer but none of the ice records covering this period show any such singularity. The sulfate record seems so common that it is in fact difficult to allocate a specific sulfate peak to this event.In an effort to synchronize the Vostok ice core and the EPICA Dome C core, (Svensson et al., 2013) have identified three possible sulfuric acid layers for the Toba eruption in the Vostok ice core. In order to see if one of such event could have been the Toba eruption, we have performed the sulfur & oxygen isotope analysis of these three sulfuric acid layers in the hope that it could reveal some particularity. The sulfur results show that 1- all these three events have injected their products in the stratosphere and 2- the sulfur isotopic compositions of these three events share a common array, array that is in lines with other stratospheric eruptions, however one of the three acid layers shows an extremely and unusual weak oxygen anomaly, potentially indicating a major eruption. In order to remove the last doubts about the existence or not of one or a series of eruptions related to TOBA, the geochemical analysis of volcanic glasses trapped in the ice will be performed and presented.

Published
2020

18. Homogeneous sulfur isotope signature in East Antarctica and implication for sulfur source shifts through the last glacial-interglacial cycle

Author

Francis Albarède, Joel Savarino, Emmanuelle Albalat, Michel Legrand, Sakiko Ishino, Shohei Hattori, Susanne Preunkert, Bruno Jourdain, Naohiro Yoshida, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 226‐8502 Yokohama, Japan, Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), ANR-16-CE01-0011,EAIIST,Projet International d'exploration de la calotte polaire de l'Antarctique de l'Est(2016), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Cryospheric science, 0301 basic medicine, Atmospheric chemistry, lcsh:Medicine, Flux, Palaeoclimate, Article, Atmosphere, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Ice core, Element cycles, Sulfate aerosol, 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, Sediment, 030104 developmental biology, Oceanography, chemistry, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, Interglacial, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Sulfate aerosol (SO42−) preserved in Antarctic ice cores is discussed in the light of interactions between marine biological activity and climate since it is mainly sourced from biogenic emissions from the surface ocean and scatters solar radiation during traveling in the atmosphere. However, there has been a paradox between the ice core record and the marine sediment record; the former shows constant non-sea-salt (nss-) SO42− flux throughout the glacial-interglacial changes, and the latter shows a decrease in biogenic productivity during glacial periods compared to interglacial periods. Here, by ensuring the homogeneity of sulfur isotopic compositions of atmospheric nss-SO42− (δ34Snss) over East Antarctica, we established the applicability of the signature as a robust tool for distinguishing marine biogenic and nonmarine biogenic SO42−. Our findings, in conjunction with existing records of nss-SO42− flux and δ34Snss in Antarctic ice cores, provide an estimate of the relative importance of marine biogenic SO42− during the last glacial period to be 48 ± 10% of nss-SO42−, slightly lower than 59 ± 11% during the interglacial periods. Thus, our results tend to reconcile the ice core and sediment records, with both suggesting the decrease in marine productivity around Southern Ocean under the cold climate.

Published
2019

19. Intercomparison measurements of two 33 S-enriched sulfur isotope standards

Author

Lei Geng, Nicolas Caillon, Naohiro Yoshida, Sakiko Ishino, Elsa Gautier, Emmanuelle Albalat, Mark H. Thiemens, Nivea Magalhães, Francis Albarède, Pierre Cartigny, Joel Savarino, J. W. Dottin, Shuhei Ono, Shohei Hattori, James Farquhar, Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, Hefei University of Technology, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), Frontier Collaborative Research Center (FCRC), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of California (UC), grant agreement No. 700853, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of California, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California-University of California, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Normalization (statistics), Isotope, δ18O, 010401 analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, DAS, Fractionation, 010501 environmental sciences, Mass spectrometry, QD Chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Sulfur, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, δ34S, chemistry, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, QD, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) via contract NT09-431976-VOLSOL is acknowledged for the financial support for JS. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No. 700853. This work has also supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant Numbers 16H05884 (S. H.), 25887025, and 17H06105 (N. Y.). S. H. and J. S. appreciate support for this project from JSPS and CNRS under the JSPS–CNRS Joint Research Program. Travel visit support for J. S. was provided by the CNRS/PICS program. JF acknowledges support from NNX16AG39G and the Agouron Foundation. LG acknowledges Marie Curie Individual Fellowship and the University of Science and Technology of China, and additional financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0302200) and National Science Foundation of China (41822605). NM acknowledges the Brazilian Government for a Science without Borders Fellowship (BEX1136-13-5). FA and EA thank Philippe Telouk for help with instrument tuning and INSU and ENS Lyon for support. Despite widespread applications of sulfur isotope mass-independent fractionation (MIF) signals for probing terrestrial and extra-terrestrial environments, there has been no international sulfur isotope reference material available for normalization of Δ33S and Δ36S data. International reference materials to anchor isotope values are useful for interlaboratory data comparisons and are needed to evaluate, e.g., whether issues exist associated with blanks and mass spectrometry when using different analytical approaches. We synthesized two sodium sulfate samples enriched in 33S with different magnitudes, and termed them S-MIF-1 and S-MIF-2, respectively. The sulfur isotopic compositions of these two samples were measured in five different laboratories using two distinct techniques to place them on the V-CDT scale for δ34S and a provisional V-CDT scale for Δ33S and Δ36S. We obtained average δ34S values of S-MIF-1 = 10.26 ± 0.22‰ and S-MIF-2 = 21.53 ± 0.26‰ (1σ, versus V-CDT). The average Δ33S and Δ36S values of S-MIF-1 were determined to be 9.54 ± 0.09‰ and -0.11 ± 0.25‰, respectively, while the average Δ33S and Δ36S values of S-MIF-2 are 11.39 ± 0.08‰ and -0.33 ± 0.13‰ (1σ, versus V-CDT). The lack of variation among the interlaboratory isotopic values suggests sufficient homogeneity of S-MIF-1 and S-MIF-2, especially for Δ33S. Although additional measurements may be needed to ensure the accuracy of the isotopic compositions of S-MIF-1 and S-MIF-2, they can serve as working standards for routine Δ33S analysis to improve data consistency, and have the potential to serve as secondary sulfur isotope reference materials to address issues such as scale contraction/expansion and for normalization and reporting of Δ33S and Δ36S between laboratories. For the same reasons as listed for sulfur isotopes, the same standards were also artificially enriched in 17O. The calibration is still in progress but first estimations gave Δ17O = 3.3 ± 0.3‰ with unassigned δ18O. Publisher PDF

Published
2019

20. 2600-years of stratospheric volcanism through sulfate isotopes

Author

James Farquhar, Emmanuelle Albalat, Nicolas Caillon, Eric Gautier, Shohei Hattori, Francis Albarède, Joel Savarino, Joseph Erbland, J. Hoek, Naohiro Yoshida, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), Frontier Collaborative Research Center (FCRC), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble [1985-2015] (OSUG [1985-2015]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), ANR-16-CE01-0011,EAIIST,Projet International d'exploration de la calotte polaire de l'Antarctique de l'Est(2016), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)

Subjects
Cryospheric science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, Dome, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, General Physics and Astronomy, Volcanism, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Troposphere, Paleontology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ice core, Sulfate, Author Correction, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, General Chemistry, Volcano, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, lcsh:Q, Geology, Chronology
Abstract

High quality records of stratospheric volcanic eruptions, required to model past climate variability, have been constructed by identifying synchronous (bipolar) volcanic sulfate horizons in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores. Here we present a new 2600-year chronology of stratospheric volcanic events using an independent approach that relies on isotopic signatures (Δ33S and in some cases Δ17O) of ice core sulfate from five closely-located ice cores from Dome C, Antarctica. The Dome C stratospheric reconstruction provides independent validation of prior reconstructions. The isotopic approach documents several high-latitude stratospheric events that are not bipolar, but climatically-relevant, and diverges deeper in the record revealing tropospheric signals for some previously assigned bipolar events. Our record also displays a collapse of the Δ17O anomaly of sulfate for the largest volcanic eruptions, showing a further change in atmospheric chemistry induced by large emissions. Thus, the refinement added by considering both isotopic and bipolar correlation methods provides additional levels of insight for climate-volcano connections and improves ice core volcanic reconstructions., The estimation of volcanic contribution to climate variability requires identification of global-scale eruptions. Here the authors present a new 2600-year chronology of stratospheric volcanic events that relies on isotopic signature of ice core sulfate, that improves ice core volcanic reconstruction.

Published
2019

21. Seasonality in sulfur isotopic compositions of atmospheric sulfate in East Antarctica

Author

Sakiko, Ishino, Shohei, Hattori, Joel, Savarino, Michel, Legrand, Emmanuelle, Albalat, Francis, Albarede, Susanne, Preunkert, Bruno, Jourdain, and Naohiro, Yoshida

Abstract

The Ninth Symposium on Polar Science/Special session: [S] Antarctic ice-ocean interaction ～observation, reconstruction, and modeling～, Tue. 4 Dec. / Entrance Hall (1st floor) at National Institute of Polar Research

Published
2018

22. Biochimie des isotopes du calcium d'ossements de fossiles de vertébrés du MIS 5 : application à l'étude de la reconstitution de la stratégie alimentaire du néandertalien Regourdou 1

Author

Vincent Balter, Stéphane Madelaine, Emmanuelle Albalat, Asier Gómez-Olivencia, Christine Couture-Veschambre, Bruno Maureille, Pierre-jean Dodat, Trenton W. Holliday, Jeremy E. Martin, Théo Tacail, Rebeka Rmoutilová, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tulane University, Musée National de Préhistoire, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Calcium Isotopes, 010506 paleontology, Neanderthal, Fauna, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Zoology, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, 01 natural sciences, Bone and Bones, Late Pleistocene, biology.animal, Animals, 0601 history and archaeology, Paleodiet, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Neanderthals, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Herbivore, 060101 anthropology, biology, Fossils, Dietary intake, Vertebrate, Biogeochemistry, 06 humanities and the arts, Diet, chemistry, Anthropology, Vertebrates, France, Marrow consumption, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

International audience; The calcium isotopic composition (δ44/42Ca) of bone and tooth enamel can be used for dietary reconstructions of extant and extinct mammals. In natural conditions, the δ44/42Ca value of bone and teeth varies according to dietary intake with a constant isotopic offset of about −0.6‰. Owing to the poor conservation of collagen, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) isotopic compositions of the Regourdou Mousterian site (MIS 5, Dordogne, France) previously failed to provide any paleodietary information. Therefore, to reconstruct the trophic chain, we have measured calcium (Ca) isotopes from fossil bone samples of the fauna from the Regourdou site, as well as from three bone samples of the Regourdou 1 Neandertal specimen. The results show a taxon-dependent patterning of the Ca isotopic compositions: herbivores generally have higher δ44/42Ca values than carnivores. All the δ44/42Ca values of Regourdou 1 are low (

Published
2021

23. Author Correction: 2600-years of stratospheric volcanism through sulfate isotopes

Author

James Farquhar, Elsa Gautier, Naohiro Yoshida, Joel Savarino, Emmanuelle Albalat, Francis Albarède, Nicolas Caillon, J. Hoek, Shohei Hattori, and Joseph Erbland

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Multidisciplinary, Published Erratum, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Mistake, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Volcanism, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Geodesy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Background Correction, medicine, lcsh:Q, medicine.symptom, 0210 nano-technology, lcsh:Science, Mathematics, Confusion
Abstract

The authors became aware of a mistake in the data and axis labeling in Fig. 2 in the original version of the Article. Specifically, the authors mistakenly copied and pasted a formula for background correction instead of the actual values. As a result of this, Fig. 3 was updated to replace the incorrect label ‘sulfate flux (kg km−2)’ with the correct ‘sulfate concentrations (ng g−1)’ on the far-left y-axes in both panels, and to add the correct data for Δ33S, as given by the red dotted lines. The correct version of Fig. 3 is shown below as Fig. 1, which replaced the previous incorrect version, shown below as Fig. 2. This has been corrected in both the PDF and the HTML versions of the Article. The findings and interpretations in the original Article are based on the correct dataset, and this error does not affect the original discussion or conclusions of the Article. The authors apologize for the confusion caused by this mistake.

Published
2019

24. Instrumental isotope fractionation in multiple-collector icp-ms

Author

Francis Albarède, Philippe Telouk, Emmanuelle Albalat, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Isotope, Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Fractionation, Mass spectrometry, 7. Clean energy, Atomic mass, Analytical Chemistry, Ion, Isotope fractionation, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Inductively coupled plasma, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Spectroscopy
Abstract

This work addresses the issue of how isotope mass biases in modern Multiple-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometers (MC-ICP-MS) changes with increasing efficiency of ion transfer through the instrument, which is known as transmission (tau). For any element, when all the ions introduced into the source are accounted for at the collector, the instrumental mass bias must vanish. With the latest cone designs, such as Thermo Finnigan jet cones, transmissions in excess of 2 percent are now obtained for heavy elements and coincide with smaller values of instrumental isotope fractionation factors. Transmission of ions across the entire mass range has been measured on a Thermo Neptune Plus equipped with standard and jet cones. It was found that transmission tau of elements above mass 40 increases linearly with the atomic weight. Comparing this relationship with the well-established linear dependence of ion energy with atomic mass indicates that high transmission is intimately related to the thermodynamic reversibility of the gas flow in the interface. Instrumental isotope fractionation obeys an exponential law with beta as a coefficient. Instrumental isotopic fractionation is due to the transverse spread of the beam inherited from Ar thermal movements at the high temperatures of the plasma. It was found that, for tau 0.002, the exponential law coefficient beta approximate to -0.24 +/- 0.02 ln tau in contrast to beta approximate to 2 at lower transmission. The exponential mass fractionation coefficient can be approximated by the following law: beta = beta(0) (1 - tau(gamma)).

Published
2015

25. An intrinsic volatility scale relevant to the Earth and Moon and the status of water in the Moon

Author

Emmanuelle Albalat, Cin-Ty A. Lee, Francis Albarède, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Olivine, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Pyroclastic rock, Platinum group, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Geophysics, Rock fragment, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Soil water, engineering, Water content, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Melt inclusions
Abstract

The notion of a dry Moon has recently been challenged by the discovery of high water contents in lunar apatites and in melt inclusions within olivine crystals from two pyroclastic glasses. The highest and most compelling water contents were found in pyroclastic glasses that are not very common on the lunar surface. To obtain more representative constraints on the volatile content of the lunar interior, we measured the Zn content, a moderately volatile element, of mineral and rock fragments in lunar soils collected during Apollo missions. We here confirm that the Moon is significantly more depleted in Zn than the Earth. Combining Zn with existing K and Rb data on similar rocks allows us to anchor a new volatility scale based on the bond energy of nonsiderophile elements in their condensed phases. Extrapolating the volatility curve to H shows that the bulk of the lunar interior must be dry (

Published
2014

26. Er and Yb isotope fractionation in planetary materials

Author

Francis Albarède, Emmanuelle Albalat, and Philippe Telouk

Subjects
Isotope, Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, Silicate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geophysics, Isotope fractionation, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chondrite, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Terrestrial planet, Nuclide, Achondrite, Volatiles, Geology
Abstract

Terrestrial planets are depleted in volatile elements relative to solar abundances. Little is known, however, about volatility at the high temperatures relevant to asteroidal collisions and to the giant lunar impact. Although refractory rare-earth elements have overall similar crystallochemical properties, some differ in their temperatures of condensation from the nebular gas. This is the case for Yb, which condenses at ∼ 1490 K and in the vapor is mostly in elemental form. By contrast, Er, largely present as ErO, condenses at ∼ 1660 K . We analyzed the Er and Yb isotopic compositions in 33 terrestrial basalts, garnets, different classes of chondrites and achondrites, and lunar samples by MC-ICP-MS. The range of mass-dependent isotope fractionation is larger for Yb ( 0.43 ‰ per amu) than Er ( 0.23 ‰ ) isotopes. For terrestrial rocks, a positive correlation between δ Yb and La/Yb suggests that the isotopic differences between Er and Yb can be accounted for by the presence of small fractions of Yb 2+ . Yb is isotopically heavy in kimberlite and light in garnets. Ytterbium behaves similarly to Fe, with Yb 3+ being more incompatible than the much less abundant Yb 2+ . In addition, the coexistence of divalent and trivalent sites in the garnet structure and the preference of heavy isotopes for stable bonds makes Yb in garnet isotopically light. The deficit of heavy Yb isotopes in lunar basaltic samples relative to the Earth, chondrites, and eucrites provides new evidence that the Moon formed by the condensation of silicate vapor in the aftermath of the giant lunar impact. Separation of vapor from melt and of heavy from light isotopes is first expected during the adiabatic expansion of the initial vapor plume. Subsequently, friction between melt and gas tends to further enrich the Moon feeding zone in silicate vapor to compensate the inward migration of melt out of the pre-lunar disk. A major consequence of interpreting the present lunar data by vapor/melt segregation is that the relative abundances of refractory elements in the Moon are unlikely to be chondrite-like or even Earth-like. Erbium isotope ratios in lunar samples reflect the capture of neutrons produced by galactic cosmic rays. The first resonance of 167 Er for neutron capture will help cover an energy range poorly covered by other nuclides.

Published
2012

27. Sulfur isotope analysis by MC-ICP-MS and application to small medical samples

Author

Francis Albarède, Vincent Balter, Fabien Zoulim, Alain Puisieux, Victor Packy Bondanese, Toshiyuki Fujii, Philippe Telouk, Ndieme Thiam, Virginie Vlaeminck-Guillem, Emmanuelle Albalat, Pierre Miossec, Justine Baccheta, Marie-Laure Plissonnier, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)

Subjects
Reproducibility, Chromatography, Chemistry, Phosphorus, 010401 analytical chemistry, Albumin, chemistry.chemical_element, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Fibrinogen, 01 natural sciences, Sulfur, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, δ34S, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], medicine, Ammonium, Sulfate, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, medicine.drug
Abstract

We describe a technique of S isotope analysis in sulfate form with the first separation stage involving anion-exchange and the second stage of mass-spectrometric analysis by MC-ICP-MS using standard-sample-standard bracketing. Ammonium in 1 : 1 stoichiometric proportion with sulfate was used to improve transmission and stability and to avoid cone and membrane clogging by condensable species. The working resolution of similar to 9000 allowed the main interferences, notably (SH)-S-32 on S-33, to be resolved. The matrix effect caused by phosphorus present in biological samples is negligible for S/P ratios \textgreater= 10: our chemical protocol allows S/P \textgreater= 150 to be routinely achieved. Replicate measurements of S standard solutions give values of isotopic abundances within errors of accepted values and demonstrate a reproducibility of +/- 0.10 parts per thousand for delta S-34 and +/- 0.15 parts per thousand for delta S-33 (2s). The technique is adequate for quantities as small as 10 nanomoles. We investigated the delta S-34 of 110 samples of cancer patients and 10 samples of rheumatoid arthritis patients. We avoided the use of blood collection tubes with sulfate-containing heparin. Sulfur in serum is transported by albumin and fibrinogen. Most serum and plasma delta S-34 values fall within a narrow interval of similar to 1 parts per thousand around a mean delta S-34(VCDT) of similar to 6.0 parts per thousand. The delta S-34 values of total blood, serum, and plasma are very similar. Despite the short turnover time of albumin and fibrinogen, S is surprisingly well regulated. Subtle variations of 0.2-0.3 parts per thousand around the mean value can be assigned to sex and age, with sulfur in male and adult samples tending to be heavier than in their female and juvenile counterparts. This narrow range of variations across the spectrum of a large number of individuals not selected for controlled dietary habits seems paradoxical. In general, breast and prostate cancer and rheumatoid arthritis have very little effect on the average serum delta S-34, but increase the scatter of values. We confirm that the serum of patients affected by liver cancer and other pathologies is depleted of albumin-born sulfur. While sulfur in the serum of patients with non-malignant liver pathologies tends to be isotopically light, the serum delta S-34 of medicated hepatocellular carcinoma patients tends to be at the high end of control values.

Published
2016

28. Medical applications of Cu, Zn, and S isotope effects

Author

Toshiyuki Fujii, Philippe Oger, Francis Albarède, Philippe Telouk, Victor P. Bondanese, Emmanuelle Albalat, Pierre Miossec, Paola Bonaventura, Vincent Balter, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Microbiologie, adaptation et pathogénie (MAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Inorganic chemistry, Biophysics, Sulfur metabolism, chemistry.chemical_element, Zinc, Isotopes of sulfur, Biochemistry, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, Isotopes, Neoplasms, Sulfur Isotopes, Animals, Humans, Metallothionein, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Isotope, Stable isotope ratio, Metals and Alloys, Sulfur, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chemistry, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Isotopes of zinc, Zinc Isotopes, Copper, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

This review examines recent applications of stable copper, zinc and sulfur isotopes to medical cases and notably cancer. The distribution of the natural stable isotopes of a particular element among coexisting molecular species varies as a function of the bond strength, the ionic charge, and the coordination, and it also changes with kinetics. Ab initio calculations show that compounds in which a metal binds to oxygen- (sulfate, phosphate, lactate) and nitrogen-bearing moieties (histidine) favor heavy isotopes, whereas bonds with sulfur (cysteine, methionine) favor light isotopes. Oxidized cations (e.g., Cu(II)) and low coordination numbers are expected to favor heavy isotopes relative to their reduced counterparts (Cu(I)) and high coordination numbers. Here we discuss the first observations of Cu, Zn, and S isotopic variations, three elements closely related along multiple biological pathways, with emphasis on serum samples of healthy volunteers and of cancer patients. It was found that heavy isotopes of Zn and to an even greater extent Cu are enriched in erythrocytes relative to serum, while the difference is small for sulfur. Isotopic variations related to age and sex are relatively small. The 65Cu/63Cu ratio in the serum of patients with colon, breast, and liver cancer is conspicuously low relative to healthy subjects. The characteristic time over which Cu isotopes may change with disease progression (a few weeks) is consistent with both the turnover time of the element and albumin half-life. A parallel effect on sulfur isotopes is detected in a few un-medicated patients. Copper in liver tumor tissue is isotopically heavy. In contrast, Zn in breast cancer tumors is isotopically lighter than in healthy breast tissue. 66Zn/64Zn is very similar in the serum of cancer patients and in controls. Possible reasons for Cu isotope variations may be related to the cytosolic storage of Cu lactate (Warburg effect), release of intracellular copper from cysteine clusters (metallothionein), or the hepatocellular and biosynthetic dysfunction of the liver. We suggest that Cu isotope metallomics will help evaluate the homeostasis of this element during patient treatment, notably by chelates and blockers of Cu trafficking, and understand the many biochemical pathways in which this element is essential.

Published
2016

29. Hypoxia induces copper stable isotope fractionation in hepatocellular carcinoma, in a HIF-independent manner

Author

Sylvain Pichat, Philippe Telouk, Emmanuelle Albalat, Vincent Balter, Melanie Simon, Victor P. Bondanese, Francis Albarède, Philippe Oger, Aline Lamboux, Jean-Marc Vanacker, Jérôme E. Lafont, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté d'économie et de gestion (AMU ECO), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Genotypes et Phenotypes Tumoraux, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Cell Survival, Biophysics, chemistry.chemical_element, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Biology, Cell Fractionation, Biochemistry, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, In vivo, Parenchyma, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, medicine, Carcinoma, Humans, Hypoxia, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Liver Neoplasms, Metals and Alloys, Cancer, Hep G2 Cells, Hypoxia (medical), Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit, medicine.disease, Copper, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Copper Radioisotopes, chemistry, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Hepatocellular carcinoma, Cancer research, medicine.symptom, Cell fractionation
Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of primary liver cancer, with increasing incidence worldwide. The unrestrained proliferation of tumour cells leads to tumour hypoxia which in turn promotes cancer aggressiveness. While changes in the concentration of copper (Cu) have long been observed upon cancerization, we have recently reported that the isotopic composition of copper is also altered in several types of cancer. In particular, we showed that in hepatocellular carcinoma, tumour tissue contains heavier copper compared to the surrounding parenchyma. However, the reasons behind such isotopic signature remained elusive. Here we show that hypoxia causes heavy copper enrichment in several human cell lines. We also demonstrate that this effect of hypoxia is pH, HIF-1 and -2 independent. Our data identify a previously unrecognized cellular process associated with hypoxia, and suggests that in vivo tumour hypoxia determines copper isotope fractionation in HCC and other solid cancers.

Published
2016

30. The lunar neutron energy spectrum inferred from the isotope compositions of rare-earth elements and hafnium in Apollo samples

Author

Francis Albarède, Philippe Telouk, Emmanuelle Albalat, Janne Blichert-Toft, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Isotope, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, Mineralogy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Lunar water, Neutron capture, Geophysics, Heat flux, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Neutron flux, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Neutron cross section, Neutron, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The isotopic abundances of Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb, and Hf have been measured in nine lunar samples by MC-ICP-MS. The data were corrected for both instrumental mass bias and natural isotope fractionation. We used the data to calculate the total flux and energy spectrum of the neutrons absorbed by the rocks. We write the constitutive equations of the isotopic changes for these elements induced by neutrons and solve the inverse problem by computing local energy averages. Resonant absorption peaks can be used as convenient kernels to define the spectrum of epithermal neutrons. We find that 149Sm and 157Gd anomalies correlate with neutron flux density for E 0.015 eV ( r 2 > 0.98 ) and E ≈ 0.13 eV ( r 2 > 0.85 ), while no significant correlation exists between the ratio of these anomalies and the epithermal/thermal flux ratio at any value of energy. Neutron flux density variations can be used to trace the proportions of neutrons scattered out of the samples. The spectrum in the thermal region follows the expected E − 1 / 2 dependence but with ‘notches’ corresponding to neutron absorption. A major notch at the lowest end of the epithermal neutron spectrum (0.2–0.8 eV) is possibly due to absorption of neutrons by 151Eu, 167Er, and 149Sm. In general, we find a rather good correlation between the neutron flux density at specific energies and the exposure age, which suggests a mean residence time of the samples at the surface of the regolith of 2–300 Ma. Another correlation of epithermal neutrons with sample wt% FeO + TiO2 is consistent with orbital reflectance observations.

Published
2015

31. A simplified protocol for measurement of Ca isotopes in biological samples

Author

Emmanuelle Albalat, Philippe Telouk, Vincent Balter, Théo Tacail, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Chromatography, Isotope, Chemistry, Elution, 010401 analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Urine, Calcium, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Matrix (chemical analysis), Kinetic fractionation, Seawater, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We describe a chemical separation protocol of calcium from biological materials for isotopic measurement by multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS). The method was tested using elution profiles along with HCl and HNO3 acids only, on human urine, sheep serum and red blood cells (RBC), seawater and herbaceous plants. It allows the elimination of all interfering species (including K, Sr, Mg) and the remaining matrix (including Fe, P, Na and S) beyond required levels. In order to further test this protocol and better understand the Ca isotopic signatures of mammalian fluids and organs, we purified and analyzed a wide range of materials from sheep, i.e. serum, RBC, muscle, liver, kidneys, enamel, bone, urine and feces. The data show a wide range of variations, expressed as δ, over 1‰ per amu, with a precision of 0.1‰ or better, spanning most of the variability reported so far. Red blood cells appeared to be heavier than serum by 0.3‰ per amu. This isotopic difference between serum and red blood cells was not taken into account in previous studies and it provides further information on Ca isotopic cycling in organisms. The Ca isotopic compositions of organs are correlated with concentrations, bone and RBC representing the two end-members, bone being Ca rich and 44Ca-depleted and RBC Ca poor and 44Ca-enriched. The trend is compatible with a distillation process by which Ca is extruded from cells along with a kinetic fractionation process favoring lighter Ca isotopes.

Published
2014

32. Correction: Sulfur isotope analysis by MC-ICP-MS and application to small medical samples

Author

Justine Baccheta, Francis Albarède, Ndieme Thiam, Toshiyuki Fujii, Marie-Laure Plissonnier, Alain Puisieux, Vincent Balter, Philippe Telouk, Fabien Zoulim, Emmanuelle Albalat, Victor P. Bondanese, Virginie Vlaeminck-Guillem, and Pierre Miossec

Subjects
Chemistry, Mc icp ms, Radiochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Sulfur, Spectroscopy, Analytical Chemistry, Isotope analysis
Abstract

Correction for ‘Sulfur isotope analysis by MC-ICP-MS and application to small medical samples’ by Emmanuelle Albalat et al., J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2016, DOI: 10.1039/c5ja00489f.

Published
2016

33. Isotopic Ag-Cu-Pb record of silver circulation through 16th-18th century Spain

Author

Anne-Marie Desaulty, Emmanuelle Albalat, Francis Albarède, Philippe Telouk, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), INSU : Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers, NES : Ecole Normale Superieure, Région Rhône-Alpes, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Reign, Provenance, Numismatics, Silver, Social Sciences, Mineralogy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mass Spectrometry, Price Revolution, silver coinage, Isotopes, 0601 history and archaeology, Circulation (currency), East mediterranean, Mexico, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, 060102 archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, Monetary system, Archaeology, Spanish Americas, Europe, Geography, Lead, Metals, Spain, Western europe, MC-ICPMS, Thermodynamics, Copper
Abstract

International audience; Estimating global fluxes of precious metals is key to understanding early monetary systems. This work adds silver (Ag) to the metals (Pb and Cu) used so far to trace the provenance of coinage through variations in isotopic abundances. Silver, copper, and lead isotopes were measured in 91 coins from the East Mediterranean Antiquity and Roman world, medieval western Europe, 16th-18th century Spain, Mexico, and the Andes and show a great potential for provenance studies. Pre-1492 European silver can be distinguished from Mexican and Andean metal. European silver dominated Spanish coinage until Philip III, but had, 80 y later after the reign of Philip V, been flushed from the monetary mass and replaced by Mexican silver.

Published
2011

34. Experimental evidence of condensed carbon formation during serpentinization in formate bearing fluids

Author

Samuel Barbier, Muriel Andreani, Vincent Grossi, Gaucher, Eric C., Olivier Sissmann, Isabelle Daniel, Bénédicte Menez, Ingrid Antheaume, Emmanuelle Albalat, Clémentine Fellah, Hervé Cardon, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre scientifique et Technique Jean Feger (CSTJF), TOTAL FINA ELF, IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion (LGSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), and SGF, CNRS, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon ou l’étude de la Terre, des planètes et de l’environnement

Subjects
experimental serpentinization, hydrothermal, carbonaceous materials, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results