Search

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a millennial scourge that is still current, and considered one of the most communicable diseases in the world. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of isolates of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ngaoundéré. We estimates it from newly diagnosed sputum smear-positive patients by spoligotyping method. In total we obtained 21 different profiles including 9 orphan profiles and 12 clusters grouping from 2 to 54 strains. The comparison of the profiles of the strains of Ngaoundéré studied here with those of the strains of the genetically known families and listed in the SpolDB4 database reveals 14 profiles. Of these, 73 (45.6%) isolates belong to the LAM10_CAM family while 67 (41.9%) were non LAM10_CAM strains. Strains classified into non LAM10_CAM family included strains from the T family 38 (23.75%), Uganda family 15 (9.37%), Haarlem family 10 (6.25%), and others. Among the Shared Types, ST 61 member of the LAM10_CAM represented 54 (36.98%) and ST 53 member of the T family represented 24 (16.49%). No correlation was found between the genotypes identified and both the serological status and sex. The results show that M. tuberculosis was the only species incriminated with a strong predominance of ST 61 clones from the LAM 10_CAM family and ST53 from the T family.

Background: Ficus elastica is a plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of allergies and skin infections. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, and antiproliferative activities of the crude extract and fraction of F. elatica as well as the study of the in vivo oral acute toxicity of the most active fraction. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the total extract and the different fractions was evaluated by the determination of the inhibition diameter using the agar well diffusion method on 3 Gram (+) bacteria, 4 Gram (-) bacteria, and 2 fungi, by the determination of MIC using the micro-dilution method only on the strains that showed sensitivity on the agar and by the determination of MMC on Muller Hinton agar. The evaluation of antimalarial activity was done on Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 cells by measuring the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) activity using the mixture of Malstat and NBS/PES. Extracts were afterward evaluated for their antiproliferative effect on 2 human cell lines (human oligodendroglioma and breast cancer) and mouse melanoma using colorimetric MTT assay. The toxicity assessment of the most active fraction was performed in vivo according to the modified OECD 425 guidelines. Results: Total extract and different fractions were not active on different strains because the MICs values are > 1024 µg/mL. Dichloromethane and hexane fractions were bactericidal with a ratio CMM/CMI of 2 and the total extract would be bacteriostatic. The antimalarial activity showed that the hexane fraction reduced the viability of P. falciparum 3D7 cells by 61.4% with an IC50 value of 26.41 µg/mL. As for the antiproliferative activity, the dichloromethane fraction significantly inhibited different cell lines with IC50 values between 13 and 16.5 µg/mL. The toxicity study conducted on the hexane fraction, being the most active fraction, resulted in no apparent signs of toxicity and no death at doses of 2000 mg/kg bw and 5000 mg/kg bw over a period of 14 days. Conclusion: Methanolic crude extract of F. elastica lianas and its hexane as well as dichloromethane fractions possess low antibacterial activity. The dichloromethane fraction possesses antiproliferative activity while the hexane fraction possesses antiplasmodial activity and presented no signs of acute toxicity by the oral route. These results support the use of F. elastica in the treatment of several ailments such as skin infections.

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the in vivo acute and sub-acute toxicity; and the antimicrobial activity of Anonidium mannii stem bark ethanolic extract. Study Design: This is an experimental study. Location and Duration of the Study: The work was conducted from 15 November 2020 to 31 May 2021 at several laboratories (the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory of the University of Douala, the Animal Physiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University of Yaoundé 1 and in the Hematology and Bacteriology Laboratories of the District Hospital of the Cité des Palmiers, Douala, Cameroon). Methodology: The in vivo acute and subacute toxicities studies were conducted following the guidelines of the OECD on Wistar rats, while the in vitro antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the microdilution method on bacterial (Neisseria gonorrheae, Escherichia coli, Salmonela spp) and fungal (Candida albicans) strains. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, phenols, reducing sugars, tannins, triterpenes. An oral administration of the extract did not induce an abnormal variation of the physiological parameters in rats, at doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. After twenty-eight days of observation during the study of subacute toxicity, the extract showed good safety in terms of subacute toxicity. No deaths were recorded at the different doses; and clinical and physiological parameters analyses revealed a non-significant statistical difference. All bacterial strains in the presence of the extract were inhibited, as well as C. albicans. The extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity against N. gonorheae (MIC 15.6 μg/mL), E. coli (MIC 62.5 μg/mL) and Salmonella spp (MIC 15.6 μg/mL). Conclusion: These results could justify the use of A. mannii stem bark in the traditional pharmacopoeia for the treatment of gonococcal disease, diarrhea, abscesses and food poisoning.

Introduction: The poor quality of medicines represents a threat to public health. However, the causes come from a variety of factors such as the use of an active ingredient of insufficient quality, inadequate manufacturing processes, or even unsuitable packaging, insufficient quality control measures. Thus, this study aims to assess the quality of injectable ampicillin in the formal and informal circuit in the city of Yaoundé. Methodology: Thirty (30) batches of injectable ampicillin collected in the city of Yaoundé were the subject of an experimental study. The European and American Pharmacopoeia (USP) standards were used to assess pharmaco-technical and physicochemical compliance. Results: According to the parameters including respect for the mass, the pH, the labeling and the dosage of the active ingredient were found non-compliant on 02 batches (7%), 01 batch (3%), 25 batches (83% ) and 01 lot (3%). However, of the 30 batches analyzed, 53% were non-compliant, including 13%, 3%, and 37% respectively from the private, public and informal sectors. Conclusion: More than half of the batches of ampicillin injection analyzed in this study had corrupted qualities. Strict measures are necessary on the quality of badly needed drugs such as ampicillin from the first people in charge of drug control in the city of Yaoundé in order to improve the quality of treatment for pathologies.

It is with the aim of solving the problem of generating large quantities of effluents from palm oil production in the littoral region of Cameroon that this study was carried out with the general objective of reducing the pollutant load of these effluents by using bacteria. To this end, raw palm oil mill wastewater samples were taken for their characterization by evaluating the in-situ (Temperature, pH and (CND) Conductivity) and ex-situ (SS (suspended solid), COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biological oxygen demand) and O/F (oil and fat)) parameters. In addition, bacterial isolation and screening were carried out from samples of contaminated soil based on the production of lipolytic enzymes, the degradation of oils and fats and the reduction of the pollutant load. Results revealed that 28 isolates were able to reduce the pollution parameters of palm oil mill effluents of which D17, D22 and D23 seemed to be the best purifying isolates. The characterization of the POME (palm oil mill effluent), basing the temperature, pH, CND, O/F, SS, BOD and COD showed us values greater than the recommended rate. Partial characterization of these isolates revealed that D17 and D23 are bacteria that could reduce the polluting parameters of the effluents belonged to the Bacillus sp. genus and D22 to the Acinetobacter sp. genus. These results are satisfactory and the bacteria strains obtained could be used in bioremediation.

Powder X-ray diffraction and dynamic light scattering (DLS) sizing of silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd) nanoparticles produced within aqueous plant extract and the effect of introducing of an ionic liquid are reported in this paper. The simple and novel synthesis of silver and palladium nanoparticles using the reducing power of Persea americana (Pa) bark extract is reported and the effect of adding 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate [EMIm][Tos] is described. Detailed powder X-ray interpretation allowed determination of the crystalline grain sizes of 16 ± 4 nm for Ag–Pa, 13 ± 2 nm for Ag–Pa[EMIm][Tos], 16 ± 3 nm for Pd–Pa and 9 ± 1 nm for Pd–Pa[EMIm][Tos] according to the Scherrer peak analysis. A size contraction occurs when moving from plant extract alone to plant extract/ionic liquid. These grain sizes are 9 nm for Ag–Pa and for 9 nm Ag–Pa[EMIm][Tos], 15 nm for Pd–Pa and 7 nm for Pd–Pa[EMIm][Tos] when the Williamson–Hall plot intercept is used. Modal hydrodynamic sizes were determined by DLS as 57 nm for Ag–Pa, 72 nm for Ag–Pa[EMIm][Tos], 390 nm for Pd–Pa and 98 nm for Pd–Pa[EMIm][Tos] providing indications on how the particles behave in solution. Intrinsic stresses of 0.177 GPa for Ag–Pa, 0.219 GPa for Ag–Pa[EMIm][Tos], 0.382 GPa for Pd–Pa and 0.190 GPa for Pd–Pa[EMIm][Tos] and dislocation densities of (6 ± 3) × 10−3 nm−2 for Ag–Pa, (9 ± 3) × 10−3 nm−2 for Ag–Pa[EMIm][Tos], (5 ± 2) × 10−3 nm−2 for Pd–Pa and (16 ± 4) × 10−3 nm−2 for Pd–Pa[EMIm][Tos] have been obtained. Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Palladium nanoparticles, Persea americana bark, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate, Size contraction, Powder X-ray diffraction, Dynamic light scattering

This study reports the preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized by the mediation of the plant weed Stachytarpheta cayennensis through solution method. Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) determines the presence of nanoparticles in the solution. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) proves organic molecules at the particles interface. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) provides phase composition and crystallinity. Shape was showed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) demonstrated the elemental mapping of the silver nanoparticles. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging and phosphomolybdenum antioxidant assays, egg albumin denaturation anti-inflammation study, and the formation mechanism complete the study. The particles have been found composed of pure silver Ag and silver chloride AgCl nanocrystallites. The average crystallite sizes were found to be 13 nm and 20 nm for Ag and AgCl respectively. A Rietveld refinement based XRD pattern data followed by Williamson-Hall plot allows a size and strain analysis. Based on SEM, spherical agglomerates materials were formed and EDX proved the presence of Cl- ions. The reaction formation mechanism of Ag and AgCl is proposed to be simultaneous and competitive. The silver nanoparticles moderately inhibit the denaturation of egg albumin and exhibit antioxidant action; hence, the nanoparticles could be considered as a potential source for biomedical applications.

The present study reports a cost-effective and eco-friendly silver nanoparticles synthesis using Microsorum punctatum frond extract as a new solution in the development of therapeutic strategies against inflammation. Egg albumin denaturation model was used to ascertain the anti-inflammatory potential of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Plasmon resonance surface peaked at 440 nm and particles interface were coated with organics. X-ray diffraction pattern showed nanocrystallite nature of 20.05 nm and 39.46 nm size for silver and silver chloride, respectively while the hydrodynamic diameter size was found to be 29.7 ± 9.7 nm. Elemental mapping reveals particles consisting of silver, chloride or carbon among main elements. Highly aggregated and polydispersed spherical silver grain of 10-45 nm size were depicted with electron microscopy. Biosynthesized nanoparticles significantly inhibited thermally induced albumin denaturation indicating their capability to control protein denaturation involved in the inflammatory process thus, plausibly account for the pharmaceutical use of the plant.

Benefits of antibiotics are threatened by the self-medication, people’s lack of knowledge and inappropriate use of antibiotics, especially in developing countries. This study was designed to determine knowledge; attitudes and practices toward antibiotics use in an urban community, and evaluate the factors that are associated with antibiotic use. Between January and March 2015, a cross sectional and prospective study was conducted in all pharmacies within the Douala IV health district, Cameroon. Anonymous interviews including both open and closed ended questions were conducted in participants selected by convenience sampling Descriptive and logistic regression analysis were performed using StataSE11 software (version 11 SE) and R software (version 3.1.1) in data analysis. Overall 402 (33.7%) of 1,192 customers purchased antibiotics and of these, 47% bought antibiotics without a prescription. 60.7% of purchased antibiotics was for adult ‘patients and around 60% of parents carried out self-medication on their children. The vast majority reported that all microbes can be treated with antibiotics (88.3%). The belief that antibiotics are appropriate for bacterial infections was more common among those with a higher level education (OR = 4.03, 95%CI:1.89–8.57, p

The chemical study of the stems extract of Psychotria arborea Hiern led to the isolation of thirteen compounds, including four anthraquinones: 2-methylanthracene-9,10-dione (1), 2-methoxyanthracene-9,10-dione (2), 2-hydroxy-3-methylanthracene-9,10-dione (3) and 3-hydroxy-1-methoxy-2-methylanthracene-9,10-dione (4); two diterpenes: ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (5) and 15-acetoxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (6); two triterpenes, β-amyrin (8) and oleanolic acid (9), one flavonoid: Quercetin (7), three sterols: A mixture of stigmasterol (10) and β-sitosterol (11) and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12) and one fatty acid (13). The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on NMR and HR-ESIMS analysis, further supported by comparison with previously reported spectral data. Compounds 1–4 and compounds 10–12 were tested for their antibacterial activity against three bacteria strains Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica. All these tested compounds were found to be inactive. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance of the obtained compounds was discussed in detail.

Nanobiotechnology is one of the most promising areas in modern nanoscience and technology. Metallic nanoparticles have found uses in many applications in different fields, such as catalysis, photonics, electronics, medicine and agriculture. Synthesized nanoparticles through chemical and physical methods are expensive and have low biocompatibility. In the present study, silver nanoparticles have been synthesized from Megaphrynium macrostachyum (Benth. & Hook. f.) Milne-Redh., Marantaceae, leaf extract. Megaphrynium macrostachyum is a plant with large leaves found in the rainforest of West and Central Africa. Synthetic optimizations following factors such as incubation time, temperature, pH, extract and silver ion concentration during silver formation are discussed. UV–visible spectra gave surface plasmon resonance for synthesized silver nanoparticles based Megaphrynium macrostachyum peaks at 400–450 nm. X-ray diffraction revealed the average size of pure crystallites composed from Ag and AgCl. Keywords: Silver, Nanoparticles, Megaphrynium macrostachyum, UV–visible spectroscopy

The natural products from plants still remain an important source of pharmaceuticals. In the current study, methanolic wood extracts of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. (Moraceae) aerial roots were screened for anti-cancer activity. Using bioassay-guided fractionation, three new compounds, elasticamide ( 1 ), elastiquinone ( 2 ) and ficusoside B ( 3 ), together with four known compounds, were isolated. The structures of the new compounds were established by means of extensive spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, as well as IR and UV) and by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported for structurally related molecules. The isolated compounds were afterwards evaluated for their anti-proliferative effect on six human cancer cell lines (U373n and Hs683 glioblastoma, MCF7 and A549 NSCLC carcinoma, and B16F10 and SK-MEL-28 melanoma) using colorimetric MTT assay. Most notably, elastiquinone ( 2 ) showed cytotoxic activity with IC 50 = 14 μM against B16F10 melanoma cells, whereas the peracetylated form of ficusoside B ( 3a ) displayed the lowest IC 50 value (11 μM) against U373n glioma cell lines. Elasticamide ( 1) and ficusoside B ( 3) exhibited a weak cytotoxicity with IC 50 values ≥ 88 μM. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the wood of F. elastica aerial roots might be a potential source for identifying new compounds with potent anti-proliferative activity.

Following highly prevalent Plasmodium resistant strains to antimalarial monotherapies in malaria endemic countries, uncomplicated malaria treatment policy changed to artemisinine-based combination therapies (ACTs). After adoption of this new treatment policy in a country, sufficient care is needed to be taken to prevent occurrence of resistance to the latest drugs. As Cameroon shifted to ACT in 2004, this study aimed to assess knowledge and practices of health workers in government health facilities of the Littoral region regarding mild malaria management in health facilities as well as according to prescription qualities of ACTs in leaflets received in pharmacies. A total of 66 physicians and 16 nurses were questioned in 10 health facilities and 503 medical leaflets with ACTs prescriptions were viewed in 17 pharmacies. All medical workers questioned correctly were defined mild malaria and were aware of the antimalarial policy change in Cameroon. Overall ACTs prescription for mild malaria management in children and adult patients was 72.2% and 87.8% respectively. An important proportion of health workers prescribed antimalarial monotherapies and non recommended antimalarial for uncomplicated malaria treatment. 31.7% of participants did not systematically recommend laboratory diagnostic test before antimalarial prescription. Of leaflets viewed in pharmacies, ACTs were prescribed by physicians, nurses and laboratory technicians. Age was the only criteria for ACTs prescription. Appropriate ACTs quality prescription ranged between 81.2% and 94.4%. Of the ACTs prescribed, blisters had the highest (92.9%) appropriate quality prescription and solutions the lowest (83.3%). According to qualification of prescribers, physicians had the highest score (93.1%) of appropriate quality prescription and laboratory technicians the lowest score (28.1%). For all ACTs containing medical leaflets, concomitant medications were recorded namely antipyretic (73.9%), antibiotic (21.9%), non steroid anti-inflammatory (19.9%) or vitamins (18.1%). Data gathered indicated that although health workers were aware of uncomplicated malaria treatment policy change in Cameroon, mild malaria mismanagement was prevailing in health facilities of the Littoral region and ACTs quality prescription in medical leaflets was not optimal. Therefore, awareness is still needed among prescribers in order to prevent or at least slow the occurrence of Plasmodium resistant strains to ACTs in Cameroon.

The cytotoxic, antiplasmodial, and antitrypanosomal activities of two medicinal plants traditionally used in Cameroon were evaluated. Wood of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. aerial roots (Moraceae) and Selaginella vogelii Spring (Selaginellaceae) leaves were collected from two different sites in Cameroon. In vitro cell-growth inhibition activities were assessed on methanol extract of plant materials against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 and Trypanosoma brucei brucei, as well as against HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. Criteria for activity were an IC50 value, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Fractionation of the methanol extract of the leaves of Oricia renieri and Oricia suaveolens (Rutaceae) led to the isolation of 13 compounds including the hitherto unknown furoquinoline alkaloid named 6,7-methylenedioxy-5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-dictamnine (1) and a flavanone glycoside named 5-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-7-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1‴→5″)-β-D-apiofuranosyl]-flavanoside (2), together with 11 known compounds (3-13). The structures of the compounds were determined by comprehensive analyses of their 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectral data and comparison. All compounds isolated were examined for their activity against human carcinoma cell lines. The alkaloids 1, 5, 12, 13 and the phenolic 2, 8, 11 tested compounds exhibited non-selective moderate cytotoxic activity with IC50 8.7-15.9 μM whereas compounds 3, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 10 showed low activity.

Antibacterial properties of silver ion are known from ancient times. The plant extract mediated synthesis of nanoparticles is gaining popularity due to green chemistry for the generation of nanosized materials. Corchorus olitorus Linn and Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam are world crops having leaves of high nutritional value. In the present work, Ag and AgCl nanoparticles were synthesized by incubating leaf aqueous extracts with silver nitrate salt, making them to react in the dark. Plasmon resonance bands, studied by ultraviolet spectroscopy, have been obtained. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the average size of pure crystallites composed of Ag and AgCl. Optimization studies for the synthesis process highlight positive impact of pH, reaction time and reactants quantities. Key words: Silver, nanoparticles, Corchorus olitorus , Ipomea batatas , X-ray diffraction.

L’objectif de l’etude a ete d’evaluer les activites anti-inflammatoire et antioxydante des tiges de Phragmanthera capitata tres utilisee en medecine traditionnelle. La toxicite aigue a ete realisee selon la ligne directrice 423 de l’OCDE. L’evaluation de l’activite anti-inflammatoire suivant le modele de l’oedeme plantaire induit chez le rat par la carraghenine. La DL 50 de l’extrait au vin de palme est superieure a 5000 mg/kg de poids corporel. L’extrait au vin de palme possede une activite anti-inflammatoire dose dependante plus precisement a la premiere heure avec des pourcentages d’inhibition respectifs aux doses 200 mg/kg et 300 mg/kg de 21,47% et 41,24% de poids corporel d’extrait. Le dosage des phenols par la methode de Folin- Ciocalteu a montre que l’extrait au vin de palme avait une teneur elevee en phenols (2570 mg EAA/g ES). Le pouvoir antioxydant a ete evalue par le test au diphenyl-picryl (DPPH) qui a demontre l’existence d’une activite antioxydante avec une EC 50 de 0,049 mg/ml, alors que celle l’acide ascorbique standard de reference est de 0,033 mg/ml. Le present travail a permis de demontrer que les extraits au vin de palme des tiges de Phragmanthera capitata est non toxique et possede des activites anti-inflammatoire et antioxydante, qui justifierait leur utilisation traditionnelle. Mots cles : Phragmanthera capitata , vin de palme, anti-inflammatoire, antioxydant.

Background Helichrysum species are used extensively for stress-related ailments and as dressings for wounds normally encountered in circumcision rites, bruises, cuts and sores. It has been reported that Helichysum species are used to relief abdominal pain, heart burn, cough, cold, wounds, female sterility, menstrual pain. Results From the extracts of Helichrysum foetidum (L.) Moench, six known compounds were isolated and identified. They were 7, 4′-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-flavanone (1), 6′-methoxy-2′,4, 4′-trihydroxychalcone (2), 6′-methoxy-2′,4-dihydroxychalcone -4′-O-β-D-glucoside (3), apigenin (4), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (5), kaur-16-en-18-oic acid (6) while two known compounds 3,5,7-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone (12), 4,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (13) together with a mixture of phytosterol were isolated from the methanol extract of Helichrysum mechowianum Klatt. All the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic and mass spectrometric methods, and by comparison with literature data. Both extracts and all the isolates were screened for the protease inhibition, antibacterial and antifungal activities. In addition, the phytochemical profiles of both species were investigated by ESI-MS experiments. Conclusions These results showed that the protease inhibition assay of H. foetidum could be mainly attributed to the constituents of flavonoids glycosides (3, 5) while the compound (13) from H. mechowianum contributes to the stomach protecting effects. In addition, among the antibacterial and antifungal activities of all the isolates, compound (6) was found to possess a potent inhibitor effect against the tested microorganisms. The heterogeneity of the genus is also reflected in its phytochemical diversity. The differential bioactivities and determined constituents support the traditional use of the species. Molecular modelling was carried out by computing selected descriptors related to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET).

Objectif : Dans le but de contribuer a la connaissance de certaines plantes medicinales et a leurs usages traditionnels sur certains symptomes, une enquete a ete realisee dans trois villages du departement du Haut Nyong (region de l’Est). Materiel et Resultats : L’enquete s’est effectuee aupres de 90 personnes sans distinction d’âge et de sexe. Celles-ci ont ete soumises a un questionnaire donnant toutes les informations relatives aux plantes medicinales en langue francaise ou locale (maka’a). Les donnees concernant les details des recettes ont ete collectees selon les fiches proposees par la banque de donnees de medecine traditionnelle et pharmacopee (PHARMEL). Les echantillons ont ete recoltes et conserves selon la technique de Schnell. L’identification s’est faite a l’Herbier National du Cameroun. Les donnees recueillies ont ete analysees statistiquement et traitees par le logiciel XLSTAT. Les caracterisations ecologiques puis pharmacologiques des especes vegetales ont ete realisees via la revue bibliographique. Quatre-vingt-dix especes vegetales au total ont ete identifiees et reparties en 83 genres et 47 familles, la plus representee a ete celle des Euphorbiaceae (10 especes). Les types phytogeographiques afrotropicales ont ete les plus cites. Les sarcochores ont ete les types de diaspores dominants et la zoochorie a ete le mode de dissemination le plus repandu. Seulement deux plantes recensees montrent une frequence de citation superieure ou egale a 50% ; il s’agit de Euphorbia hirta (51%) et Manihot esculenta (51%). Les especes recensees entrent dans la preparation de 100 recettes. La decoction a ete le mode de preparation le plus pratiquee, et la feuille l’organe vegetal le plus utilise. Les plantes citees pourraient contenir pour la plupart des alcaloides, les tanins et les flavonoides. Conclusion et Application des resultats : La valorisation de ces plantes et la determination du profil de sante des populations locales du departement du Haut-Nyong necessite la mise en place des unites de transformations modernes specialisees dans la fabrication des nouveaux medicaments. Mots cles : Ethnobotanique, ethno pharmacologique, frequence de citation, plantes medicinales, metabolites secondaires

Objectif: Tres peu de donnees sont disponibles sur les plantes anti hemorroidaires en Afrique. Le but est de valoriser la medecine a base des plantes dans le traitement des pathologies hemorroidaires. Methodologie et resultats: Des enquetes ethnobotaniques ont ete realisees aupres des guerisseurs des villages et des marches des Regions du Centre et du Littoral. Un dendrogramme evaluant la similitude des connaissances des informateurs a ete produit et les Frequences Relatives ( FRs ) ainsi que les Facteurs de Consensus d’Utilisation des especes ( ICFs ) ont ete calcules. Au total, 60 especes medicinales ont ete recensees parmi lesquelles 45 ligneux et 15 herbacees. Elles sont reparties dans 41 familles dont la plus representee est celle des Fabaceae . Ces especes, endemiques pour la plupart sont riches en composes phenoliques et sont utilisees en association pour la preparation de 42 recettes dans lesquelles les ecorces sont les organes vegetaux les plus sollicites. La decoction a l’eau et la boisson prise deux fois par jour plus le bain de siege pris une fois par jour sont les modes de preparation et d’administration des dites recettes. Aucune espece n’a atteint la valeur moyenne de consensus (0,5) ainsi que la FR moyenne (50%). Piper umbellatum, Baillonella toxisperma, Antrocaryon klaineanum, Irvingia gabonensis, Cylicodiscus gabonensis, Mangifera indica, Pycnanthus angolensis, Morinda lucida, Capsicum frutescens, Myrianthus arboreus et Elaeis guineensis sont les especes ayant atteint un ICF B 0,10 et une FR B 10%. Conclusion et application des resultats: La flore camerounaise est riche en especes de plantes medicinales anti hemorroidaires et le cout reduit des recettes serait pour les populations demunies, une alternative dans la lutte contre la pauvrete. Mots cles: Composes phenoliques, Hemorroides, ICF et FR , Plantes medicinales, Recettes English Abstract Objective: There is very little data available on anti-hemorrhoidal plants in Africa. The aim is to promote the use of herbal medicine plants in the treatment of hemorrhoidal diseases. Methodology and results: Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted with traditional healers in villages and markets of the Centre and Littoral regions. A dendrogram was produced using the Relative Frequencies ( RFs ) and the Informants Consensus Factors ( ICFs ) of species. A total of 60 medicinal plant species were recorded including 45 woody and 15 herbaceous. They are distributed in 41 families and the most represented is that of Fabaceae . These species, most of which are endemic, are rich in phenolic compounds and are used in association for the preparation of 42 recipes in which barks are the most requested plant organs. A water decoction and a drink taken twice a day added to a sit bath once a day were the preparation and administration modes of these receipts respectively. No species has reached the average value of consensus (0.5) and the average RF (50%). Piper umbellatum, Baillonella toxisperma, Antrocaryon klaineanum, Irvingia gabonensis, Cylicodiscus gabonensis, Mangifera indica, Pycnanthus angolensis, Morinda lucida, Capsicum frutescens, Myrianthus arboreus and Elaeis guineensis are the species that have achieved an ICF B 0.10 and a RF B 10%. Conclusion and application of results: The Cameroonian flora is rich in anti hemorrhoidal medicinal plant species and their reduced cost could be an alternative in the fight against poverty. Keywords: Hemorrhoids, ICFs and FRs , Medicinal plants, Phenolic compounds

Traditional knowledge is common and important among the tribal people but much of the information is empirical at best lacking logical validation. A number of ethnic communities residing in the study area are partially or fully dependent on the forest resources to meet their requirements. Plants have traditionally been used as a source of medicine in Cameroon since early times for the control of various ailments afflicting humans and their domestic animals. However, little work has been made in the past to properly document and promote that knowledge. Today medicinal plants and the associated knowledge in the country are threatened due to deforestation, environmental degradation and acculturation. The present study analyses traditional knowledge and utilization of 94 species belonging to 84 genera under 46 families in day-to-day life of ethnic communities in Douala region, Cameroon. The diverse ethnic communities such as Bamiléké, Bassa, Béti, Haoussa, Douala, Bakoko, Bassolo, Ngumba, Dibom, Baya and Banen have a good association with plants and their potential role they use for different purposes and treatment of various ailments. The traditional knowledge on the utilization of these plants is widely accepted by the ethnic communities.

From the aerial part of Gentiana pyrenaica , 6′-vanilloyl kingiside, a new secoiridoid glucoside was isolated along with the known kingiside and 7-demethyl alpigenoside. The latter was found to be an artifact formed from kingiside in the isolation procedure. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies.

The aerial parts of Gentiana verna were found to contain two new iridoid glucosides named 4′-acetyl-2′- m - hydroxybenzoyl-loganin and 6′-acetyl-2′- m - hydroxybenzoyl-loganin. The structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data.

5-Desoxyeustomoside, a new secoiridoid glucoside, was isolated from the aerial parts of Gentiana campestris along with the known secoiridoids gentiopicroside, swertiamarin, eustomoside, eustomorusside and eustoside. The structures of these compounds were mainly determined by spectral means.

International audience

Two new phthalides were isolated from the leaves of GENTIANA PEDICELLATA Wall. They were identified as pedicellosine (deglucosylpedicelloside) and 6''- O-glucosyl-pedicelloside by their spectral data and chromatographic behaviour.

Previous studies on G. pneumonanthe (2) chloroformic leaves extract, permitted the characterization of a C 13 glycoside named pneumonanthoside (1), and the known secoiridoids sweroside and swertiamarin. We report now on a second C 13 glycoside isolated from the same extract