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The aim of this study was to contribute to the valorisation of the plant by determining the antioxidant activity of Stereospermum kunthianum trunk bark hydroethanolic extract and its fractions obtained with solvents of increasing polarity. Antioxidant activity was screened by bioautography and assessed by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. All samples shown an antioxidant activity by the bioautography test. The ethyl acetate fraction had shown better activity in DPPH and ABTS assays with CI50 of 4.8 ± 0.24 μg/ml and 78.6 ± 0.38 μg/ml respectively. In the FRAP method, the ethyl acetate fraction shown also better activity with a percentage reduction close to that of the ascorbic acid (94.44 ± 0.25% and 96.01 ± 0.04% respectively, at the highest concentration (10.68 μg/ml). Trunk bark hydroethanolic extract of Stereospermum kunthianum possess an antioxidant activity which increase significatively after fractionation with ethyl acetate and butanol.

Combretum micranthum (kinkeliba) is one of the most used medicinal plants in Senegal. However, its commercialization is poorly studied. The objective of this study is to analyze the commercialization of Combretum micranthum in Senegal. The study was carried out in two main regions of kinkeliba marketing in Senegal: Dakar, where kinkeliba is marketed; and Thies, where kinkeliba is produced and marketed. Structured and unstructured surveys were administered to different categories of stakeholders: herbalists / traditional practitioners, collectors/ suppliers, retailers and consumers. Production sites that supply Dakar include the following: Diass, Sindia, Kiniabour, Pout, Thies Lalane. The main sales points in Dakar are the Thiaroye and Grand Yoff markets. The kinkeliba marketing chain has short channels and women are the main stakeholders. Procurement is done by harvesting in the natural environment and by purchase for herbalists / traditional practitioners. The benefits and added value derived from the marketing of kinkeliba are positive and are increasingly evolving from producers to retailers. The kinkeliba chain, with its constraints and especially its strengths, requires better structuring and to be better known. Keywords: Combretum micranthum, kinkeliba, commercialization, value chain, Senegal.

Background : Stereospermum kunthianum Cham., is a medicinal plant from the Bignoniaceae family, used in Ferlo (Senegal) against stomach aches, as a healing agent and aphrodisiac.Aims/Objective : The aim of this study was to contribute to the valorisation of the plant by carrying out a phytochemical screening followed by an assay of the polyphenols of the hydro-ethanolic extract of the bark and its fractions.Methods : Phytochemical screening was carried out by coloring and/or precipitation reactions. The total polyphenol and tannin contents were evaluated by the Folin-Denis method and the flavonoid content by a method using aluminium chloride (AlCl 3 ) and sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 ). Results: The search for chemical compounds revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites such as gallic and catechic tannins, flavonoids, saponosides, alkaloids, sterols and polyterpenes. The total polyphenol contents of the samples ranged from 0.81 ± 0.02 to 13.52 ± 0.06 mg EAT / g. Those of tannins and flavonoids were between 0.03 ± 0.01 and 4.56 ± 0.02 mg EAT / g and between 1.13 ± 0.04 to 31.88 ± 0.19 mg ER / g respectively.Conclusion : These different metabolites would be responsible for the activities noticed for this plant.

An ethno-apicultural survey was carried out for the plant species pollinated by honey bees in the green district of Casamance (South Senegal). This survey followed a well-established questionnaire concerning beekeepers in these areas. The listed melliferous flora was made of 61 species either. It’s divided into 58 genera and 30 families though the most represented are in decreasing order Fabaceae with 12 species (19.67%) followed by Rutaceae and Malvaceae with 4 species (6.55% each), Arecaceae, Anacardiaceae, Combretaceae, Gramineae, Myrtaceae, with 3 species (4.91% each), then Chrysobalanaceae, Lamiaceae, Meliaceae and Rubiaceae with 2 species (3.27% each) and then Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Canabaceae, Verbenaceae, Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Annonaceae, Hymenocardiaceae, Icacinaceae, Lauraceae, Moringaceae, Musaceae, Celastraceae, Rhizophoraceae, Sapindaceae, Sterculiceae, Moraceae, Ochnaceae, with 1 species (1.63% each). Melliferous plants include 47.54% nectariferous plants followed by nectariferous polliniferous plants with 37.70% and finally polliniferous species with 14.75%. This study enabled us to identify eight (08) species with high melliferous value. To enhance the value of these plants, further studies on foraging activity and nectar production will be led to prove their real melliferous potential.

Annona senegalensis leaves are used in African Traditional Medicine as analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. This study aimed to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of total ethereal leaf extract (TEE) of A. senegalensis and its methanolic fraction (MF). Experiments were performed in acetic acid induced contortions in mice and carrageenan rat paw edema. The preventive effect of TEE (100 mg/kg, per os) and MF (1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, per os) was evaluated in carrageenan induced edema at 1, 3 and 5 h. The analgesic effect of MF (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg, per os) was tested in mice contortions. Oral administration of MF (3 mg/kg) showed an analgesic activity less similar than 100 mg/kg of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) administered in the same conditions (17.60±6.74 vs26.80±4.66 contortions). The analgesic activity of MF is dose dependent at the lower doses (1 and 3 mg/kg, per os). However, the prevention of mice contortions with MF is less important at a higher dose (30 mg/kg, per os). In rat paw edema, TEE (100 mg/kg, per os) and MF (1 and 3 mg/kg, per os), significantly prevented carrageenan induced edema, as compared to the control and ASA groups. The dose of 3 mg/kg per os of MF induced an edema percentage inhibition similar to 100 mg/kg per os of ASA. Similarly to analgesic activity, the prevention of rat paw edema with MF is less important at a higher dose (10 mg/kg, per os). These results show an analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of A. senegalensis leaf extracts, justifying the use of this plant leaves in African Traditional Medicine to prevent or treat pain and inflammation. Keys words: Annona senegalensis, leaves, pain, inflammation.

Antioxidants used to protect unstable unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation are toxic or lose their potential in fats. The aim of this work was to investigate the protective effect of Ocimum essential oils against auto-oxidation of flaxseed oil. Essential oils were extracted from leaves of cultivated Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum canum, Ocimum gratissimum and wild type Ocimum urticaefolium. Chemical profiles of the essential oils were determined using Fourier Transformed Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) coupled with chemometric analyses. The antioxidant effect was measured on flaxseed oil under accelerated oxidation for 15 days. The structural change of the flaxseed oil was investigated by spectrophotometric and titrimetric methods. Linalool/Eugenol, Eucalyptol, Thymol/γ-Terpinene, and Eugenol/ β-Bisabolene were found to be the respective chemotypes of Ocimum basilicum, O. canum, O. gratissimum and O. urticaefolium. The essential oil from O. urticaefolium showed the highest protective effect at 5 μl/ml, and was comparable to that of Butylated Hydroxy-toluene (BHT) (100 μg/ml) (p ≤ 0.05). The results achieved are promising and supported further studies of the tested essential oils for application to prevent oil oxidation during storage.

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the anticoccidian activity of ethanol roots extract and fractions in chicken experimentally infested by oral administration of coccidia’s oocysts solution.

Background: Aphania senegalensis (Sapindaceae) is commonly used in Senegalese traditional medicine to treat pain, inflammation, asthenia, bacterial and fungal infections. The aim of this study was to determine the type of phytochemical constituents present in the ethanol leaf extract and its antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens. Materials and Methods: The ethanol leaf extract of A. senegalensis was evaluated for its cytotoxic effect in the MTT assay against Vero cells. Flavonoids and tannins were the main constituents of the ethanol leaf extract. Results: The extract inhibited the growth of the three fungal strains used in this study moderately with the lowest MIC obtained for Candida albicans (0.16 mg/mL). The extract also inhibited the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans with an MIC of 0.62 mg/mL. For bacterial pathogens, strong inhibition was obtained against Enterococcus faecalis (ATTC 29212) (MIC 0.08 mg/mL), while moderate inhibition was obtained for Escherichia coli (ATTC 25922) (MIC 0.16 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATTC 29213) (MIC 0.31mg/mL). The extract however did not inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATTC 27853) at the highest concentration (2.5 mg/ml) tested. The ethanol leaf extract of A. senegalensis had a higher cytotoxicity than berberine used as the positive control (LC50 2.67±0.04 µg/mL and 9.99±0.54 µg/mL respectively). The best selectivity index values was obtained for Enterococcus faecalis (SI = 1.24), followed by Escherichia coli (SI = 0.62) for bacterial pathogens and C. albicans (SI = 0.62) for fungal pathogens. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the extracts may not be safe for use in animals infected by some pathogens.

Herbal tea kinkéliba prepared from the leaves of Combretum micranthum has been widely consumed in West African countries for its flavor, nutritional and medicinal properties. Under bio-guided screening, the kinkéliba leaves were chemically investigated using various chromatographic and spectrometric methods that led to the identification of thirteen different flavonoid compounds. Further biological tests illustrated that the identified compounds may have synergistic effects to decrease the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA and glucose production in an H4IIE hepatoma cell line, indicating its potential use for insulin-resistant diabetes treatment. Further in vivo study on C57BL/6J mice indicates that kinkéliba can lower plasma glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner without significant weight loss and toxicity. The ethyl acetate extract in rich of flavonoids could also increase the glucose tolerance (GT) after seven weeks' administrations. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments support a potential new application of kinkéliba leaves as an anti-diabetes agent. Keywords: Kinkéliba, Combretum micranthum, Flavonoid, Anti-diabetes

Drug combinations against candidiasis and other fungal infections have been considered as alternatives for mono-therapy. Howev- er, there are no data available on the combination of essential oils from Ocimum genus.The aim of this work is the optimization of essential oils derived from Cameroon-grown Ocimum against four Candida albicans. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation. The anti-candidal activities were assessed using broth dilution technique and the combi- natorial analysis was done using central composite design, the latter being maximised by a multiple response optimization approach. The optimums were tested for their efficiency using the time kill kinetic approach. Linalool (53.34%), 1,8 Cineol (55.32%), γ-Terpinene (24.54%), Eugenol (26.01%) were the major componentsfor Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum canum, Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum urticaefolium respectively. The most active oil was Ocimum gratissimum followed by Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum urticaefolium, the least active being Ocimum canum. The optimum values were 0.62/0.14mg/ml with desirability of 96%for the combination of Ocimum basilicum/Ocimum gratissimum and 0.58/0.14mg/ml with the desirability of 98% for Ocimum urticaefolium/ Ocimum gratissimum. The optimum values of 0.56/0.63mg/ml and the desirability of 100%for the combination of Ocimum urticaefolium/ Ocimum basilicum. All these combinations inhibited the growth of the fungal strain for 20 hours. Our research shows that the Ocimum essential oils have an antifungal activity and that this potential is increased when the essential oils are combined. More research is needed to extend this potential to other microbial strains .

Combretum micranthum G . Don is a highly consumed plant in Senegal. Leaves collected at three sites in Senegal (Sandiara, Essyl and Diass) were compared for total polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids. The harvest periods selected are the rainy season period and the after rainy season. The contents of total polyphenols and tannins were determined by the reagent of Folin and Denis. Flavonoids are evaluated by a method using AlCl3 . The results show that flavonoid contents, expressed as vitexine equivalent per 100 g of dry matter, during the rainy season and post-rainy season are respectively: Sandiara 0.63 ± 0.45 and 0.43 ± 0.006; Essyl 0.31 ± 0.021 and 0.31 ± 0.06; Diass 0.69 ± 0.07 and 0.63 ± 0.005. The total polyphenol content expressed as tannic acid equivalent per 100 g of solids: Sandiara 8.5 ± 1.31 and 10.44 ± 2.19; Essyl 10.53 ± 4.6 and 17.17 ± 0.73; Diass 13.57 ± 1.7 and 16.37 ± 0.69; those of the tannins respectively: Sandiara 3.4 ± 1.23 and 5.1 ± 2.08; Essyl 4.63 ± 1.6 and 9.52 ± 0.02; Diass 8.51 ± 1.25 and 9.1 ± 0.47. These results show that leaves harvested in the post-rain season are richer in total polyphenols and tannins than those harvested during the rainy season; as far as flavonoids are concerned the differences are less noticeable. Keywords : Combretum micranthum , tannins, flavonoids, total polyphenols

Les plantes medicinales telles que Moringa oleifera, presentent en general de nombreuses vertus therapeutiques. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’evaluer l’activite antioxydante des extraits des feuilles de Moringa oleifera par la methode de piegeage des radicaux libres 2,2-diphenyl-1- picryl-hydrazyle (DPPH•). Une extraction ethanolique a ete effectuee et l’extrait sec obtenu a ensuite ete fractionne par la methode de separation liquide-liquide avec des solvants polaires (eau distillee et acetate d’ethyle) et apolaires (dichloromethane). L’extrait ethanolique, ses fractions et l’acide L-ascorbique (antioxydant de reference), ont ete testes a differentes concentrations: 12,5; 25; 50; 100 et 200 μg/ml. La lecture de l’absorbance des produits s’est faite au bout de 30 minutes au spectrophotometre a 517 nm. Il ressort de cette etude que l’extrait ethanolique des feuilles de Moringa oleifera et ses differentes fractions possedent une activite antioxydante significative qui est dose-dependante.Cependant, l’activite la plus importante a ete observee avec l’extrait ethanolique avec une concentration inhibitrice 50 (CI50) de 87,86±1,80 μg/ml. Les resultats de cette etude suggerent que les feuilles de Moringa oleifera contiennent des substances a proprietes antioxydantes qui pourraient contribuer a la prevention de certaines maladies chroniques telles que le cancer, les maladies cardiovasculaires entre autres. © 2018 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles: Moringa oleifera , activite antioxydante, fractionnement, DPPH English Title: Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) of Senegal English Abstract Medicinal plants such as Moringa oleifera generally have several therapeutic virtues. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaves extracts using the free radical scavenging method: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH•) assay. Ethanolic extraction was carried out and the dry extract obtained was then fractionated by the liquid-liquid separation method with polar solvents (distilled water and ethyl acetate) and non polar solvent (dichloromethane). The antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract, its fractions and the Lascorbic acid (reference antioxidant) were tested at various concentrations of 12.5; 25; 50; 100 and 200 μg/ml. The absorbance of the products was read after 30 minutes at the spectrophotometer at 517 nm. It emerged from this study that the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves and its different fractions had significant antioxidant activity that is dose-dependent. However, the ethanolic extract was more active on DPPH radical inhibition with a concentration of sample required to scavenge 50% of free radicals (CI50) of 87.86 ± 1.80 μg/ml. These results suggest that leaves of Moringa oleifera contain substances with antioxidant properties that could contribute to the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, among others. © 2018 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Moringa oleifera , antioxidant activity, DPPH

Les radicaux libres etant impliques dans la genese de plusieurs maladies, l’interet porte a la recherche d’antioxydants naturels a considerablement augmente ces dernieres annees. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’evaluer l’activite antioxydante des extraits hydro-ethanoliques des feuilles et ecorces de Piliostigma thonningii. La determination de la teneur en polyphenols a ete effectuee par la methode de Folin Denis. L’activite antiradicalaire a ete evaluee par les tests de reduction du DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl) et de l’ABTS (acide 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonique)). Le pouvoir reducteur vis-a-vis de l’ion ferrique a ete egalement evalue. Il ressort de ces tests que les ecorces sont environ deux fois plus riches en polyphenols que les feuilles. Les CI 50 des extraits des ecorces et des feuilles sur DPPH sont respectivement de 46,8 ± 5,77 μg/ml et 138,9 ± 2,03 μg/ml. Concernant le test ABTS les CI 50 des deux extraits sont 39,3 ± 1,00 μg/ml et 109 ± 6,25 μg/ml respectivement. Le pouvoir reducteur des ecorces est superieur a celui des feuilles a toutes les concentrations testees. Donc les ecorces presentent une activite antioxydante meilleure que celle des feuilles de cette plante. Mots cles : Piliostigma thonningii , activite antioxydante, phenols totaux.

The aim was to assess the efficacy and tolerance of chemoprophylaxis with cotrimoxazole compared with placebo among HIV-1-infected adults. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in the urban community of Dakar Senegal. Eligibility criteria were age greater than 15 years HIV-1 or HIV-1/HIV-2 dual seropositivity CD4 cell count lower than 400 copies/cu. mm no progressive infection no previous history of intolerance to sulphonamide lack of severe anemia or neutropenia and renal or hepatic failure. Written informed consent was obtained. Recruited patients received 80 mg of trimethoprim and 400 mg of sulphamethoxazole daily or a matching placebo. The main outcomes were survival and the occurrence of clinical events defined as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia cerebral toxoplasmosis bacterial pneumonia infectious enteritis bacterial meningitis urinary tract infection bacterial otitis and sinusitis and pyomyositis. Between September 1996 and March 1998 297 patients were screened and 100 were randomized in the study. Demographic clinical and biological characteristics of the two groups were similar as was the mean length of follow-up (7.7 months for the cotrimoxazole group vs. 8.0 months for the placebo group). There was no significant difference between the two groups in survival (hazard ratio = 0.84%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36-1.94) in the probability of severe event occurrence defined as death or hospital admission (hazard ratio = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.57-2.13) or in the probability of clinical event occurrence (hazard ratio = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.57-2.13) or in the probability of clinical event occurrence (hazard ratio = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.55-2.59). Adjustment for initial CD4 cell count did not change these results. A low dose of cotrimoxazole was tolerated well clinically as well as biologically; only one treatment interruption occurred as the result of a moderate cutaneous eruption (grade 2). The authors study does not show a beneficial effect of chemoprophylaxis with low-dose cotrimoxazole on survival or occurrence of opportunistic or nonopportunistic infections for HIV-1-infected patients in Dakar Senegal. (authors)

Le ronier est un palmier tres utilise dans la pharmacopee traditionnelle ; Le calcinât des feuilles est utilise en boisson dans l’eau pour traiter la bilharziose viscerale. La tigelle de la noix germee en decoction lutte contre l’impuissance sexuelle, une activite anti-inflammatoire avec une inhibition de 70% de l’oedeme induite par la carragenine a ete revelee dans les extraits d’inflorescences mâles. La methode de l’oedeme induit par la carragenine de Winter a ete utilisee sur des rats de souche Wistar pour mettre en evidence l’activite antiinflammatoire des feuilles de Borassus aethiopum . L’extrait d’acetate d’ethyle et sa fraction F1 a la dose 30 mg/kg ont une activite anti-inflammatoire voisine de celle de l’aspirine a 30 mg/kg; cette activite (exprimee en pourcentage d’inhibition) est respectivement de 79,21%, 73,16 et 92,53% a la premiere heure. Ainsi a la cinquieme heure ces pourcentages sont 69,18%, 54,59% et 58,75% respectivement pour la reference, l’extrait d’acetate d’ethyle et la fraction F1. Mots cles : Borassus aethiopum Mart, feuilles et activite anti-inflammatoire.

Moringa oleifera est une plante de la pharmacopee africaine, tres utilisee en medecine traditionnelle pour ses nombreuses applications therapeutiques. L’objectif de la presente etude etait de fractionner la fraction methanolique de l’extrait hydro-alcoolique de ses feuilles dont les proprietes anti-inflammatoires avaient ete demontrees anterieurement et d’identifier la sous-fraction methanolique la plus active. La methode de separation liquide-liquide a ete utilisee pour partitionner la fraction methanolique. Trois sous-fractions methanoliques (F1, F2 et F3) sont obtenues a l’issue du fractionnement. L’activite anti-inflammatoire de ces extraits a ete testee sur un modele pharmacologique d’oedeme aigu de la patte de rat induit par la carraghenine en comparaison a celle de l’aspirine utilisee comme substance de reference. Apres administration par gavage, l’aspirine (30 mg/kg) et les extraits (15 et 30 mg/kg) previennent de maniere significative, l’oedeme de la patte des rats de la 1 ere a la 5 eme heure de l’experience. L’etude montre globalement une activite anti-inflammatoire des sous-fractions F1, F2 et F3. L’effet le plus important est observe avec la F3 durant les trois 1eres heures de l’experience avec une cinetique d’inhibition de l’oedeme comparable a celle de l’aspirine. Ces resultats suggerent que les feuilles de Moringa oleifera pourraient constituer une source potentielle d’antiinflammatoires dans le traitement des pathologies ayant une composante inflammatoire. © 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles: Moringa oleifera , feuilles, anti-inflammatoire, sous-fractions methanoliques English Title: Study of the anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic sub-fractions of the leaves of Moringa Oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) in rat English Abstract Moringa oleifera is an African pharmacopoeia plant, widely used in traditional medicine for its many therapeutic applications. This study aimed at partitioning the methanolic fraction of hydro-alcoholic leaves extract of which anti-inflammatory properties have been previously demonstrated and to identify the most active methanolic sub-fraction. The liquid/liquid fractionation method was used to partition the methanolic fraction. Three methanolic sub-fractions (F1, F2 and F3) were obtained from the fractionation. Antiinflammatory activity of extracts was tested using pharmacological model of carrageenan-induced acute paw oedema in rats compared to that of aspirin (reference). After oral administration, aspirin (30 mg/kg) and extracts (15 and 30 mg/kg) significantly prevented carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats from the 1 st to 5 th hours of experimentation. Study showed overall anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic sub-fractions. The most important effect was observed with the F3 during the first three hours with a kinetic inhibition of oedema similar to that of aspirin. These results suggest that the leaves of Moringa oleifera could be a potential source of anti-inflammatory drugs in treatment of diseases with an inflammatory component. © 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Moringa oleifera , leaves, anti-inflammatory, methanolic sub-fractions

In Burkina Faso as in several African countries, diabetes is becoming a very serious disease and public concern. Patients use both drugs and plants for treatment. Thus, Combretum molle and Pericopsis laxiflora have been identified as plants used in Burkina Faso for the treatment of that disease. The aim of the study was to assess phytochemical components and antioxidant activities of those plants in order to highlight why diabetes patients refer to them. The phytochemical analysis of water, ash quantification and screening were done using the standard methods; the antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract against 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) and hydroxyl radical were performed using colorimetric or spectrophotometric methods. The Inhibitory Concentration (IC) was determined using GraphPad Prism version 5. The results showed 6.76±0.076% and 7.52±0.015% of water contents in Combretum molle and Pericopsis laxiflora , respectively. The ash content was 3.41±0.35% for Combretum molle and 3.87±0.15% for Pericopsis laxiflora . The screening revealed the presence of tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and saponins in both plant materials. However, alkaloids were found in Pericopsis laxiflora and hydrolysables tannins and heterosides cardiotonics in Combretum molle . The IC 50 for the extract plant of Combretum molle was 42 μg/mL and that of the Pericopsis laxiflora was 44.15 μg/mL for DPPH radical. The antioxidant effect of the extract plant of Combretum molle was 216 μg/mL and the extract plant of Pericopsis laxiflora was 225 μg/mL on the nitric oxide radical. It was concluded that the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponin, alkaloids and cardiotonic heterosides, explains why traditional medicine uses both plants together to treat certain diseases. However, further investigations of the pharmacological potential for diabetes treatment are needed. © 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Phytochemical, antioxidant activities, Combretum molle , Pericopsis laxiflora , Burkina Faso

The aqueous extract of the Parinari excelsa barks at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg/day for 7 days has a significant antihyperglycemic effect on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. At the same dose the acute oral administration of aqueous extract of the P. excelsa barks (100 and 300 mg/kg) induced a significant decrease of blood glucose on glucose-loaded normoglycaemic rats. Our results seem to confirm the rational bases for its use in traditional medicine.

Borassus aethiopum est une plante de la famille des Arecacees. C’est un geant palmier qui presente un tronc dur appele stipe, des racines fasciculees et des feuilles longues en forme d’eventail. Elle est presque cosmopolite et ses differentes parties sont utilisees dans nombreux domaines : economiques, ecologiques, alimentaires et sanitaire. En effet, sur le plan sanitaire, la pharmacopee utilise l’alcinât des feuilles en boisson dans l’eau pour traiter la bilharziose viscerale (Sakande, 2004). L’objet de notre etude est de determiner la teneur en polyphenols et de tester l’activite antioxydante d’extraits de feuilles en comparaison avec ceux des inflorescences mâles. Ainsi, la methode colorimetrique de Folin Denis, decrite par Bassene (2012) a ete utilisee pour le dosage des polyphenols. L’activite antioxydante a ete determinee par les methodes chromatographique sur couche mince selon Takao et al. (1994) et colorimetrique decrite par Sakande (2004). Les teneurs en polyphenols totaux obtenues sont 13,56% et 5,6% Eq d’acide tannique respectivement dans les feuilles et les inflorescences mâles. Les teneurs respectives en tanins dans les feuilles et les inflorescences mâles ont ete evaluees a 13,46% et 5,47% Eq d’acide tannique. La chromatographie sur couche mince a revele une activite antioxydante dans les extraits de feuilles et d’inflorescences mâles. Par la methode colorimetrique utilisant le DPPH, les resultats obtenus en mg Eq d’acide ascorbique sont 4 et 5 mg Eq respectivement dans les extraits d’acetate ethyle et butanolique de feuilles ; les extraits d’acetate d’ethyle et butanolique d’inflorescences mâles respectifs ont une activite antioxydante evaluee a 10 et 20 mgEq d’acide ascorbique. Les resultats obtenus de cette etude montre que les extraits de feuilles ont des teneurs en polyphenols et en tanins superieures a celles des extraits d’inflorescences mâles. L’activite antioxydante a ete deux fois plus importante dans les extraits de feuilles que dans les extraits d’inflorescences mâles. Cependant, dans les feuilles l’extrait d’acetate d’ethyle renferme deux fois plus de polyphenols et de tanins que l’extrait butanolique ; l’activite antioxydante est aussi plus elevee dans ce premier extrait. Mots cles : Borassus aethiopum, feuilles, inflorescences mâles, polyphenols, tanins, activite antioxydante.

En Afrique, l’espece Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides est largement utilisee dans le traitement de nombreuses affections comme la drepanocytose, les maladies inflammatoires et les douleurs. Les racines restent les parties de la plante les plus utilisees, ce qui pose le probleme de la survie et de l’exploitation durable de l’espece. Cette presente etude tente de trouver une alternative a l’utilisation des racines en medecine traditionnelle. L’activite anti-inflammatoire a ete evaluee sur un modele d’oedeme induit par la carraghenine sur la patte de rat Wistar. L’activite analgesique a ete quant a elle, evaluee sur un modele de douleur a l’acide acetique sur la souris. L’extrait hydroalcoolique de feuilles montre une activite anti-inflammatoire a la dose de 100 mg/kg per os , avec des pourcentages d’inhibition de l’oedeme de 36,64% et 50,13% respectivement a la quatrieme et sixieme heures. A la sixieme heure, la dose de 300 mg/kg a une activite superieure a celle de l’acide acetylsalicylique a la dose de 100 mg/kg, avec des pourcentages d’inhibition respectifs de 85,28% et 55,93%. Cet extrait a la dose de 300 mg/kg est double d’un effet analgesique qui est comparable a celui de l’acide acetylsalicylique a la dose de 100 mg/kg per os avec des pourcentages d’inhibition de la douleur respectifs de 72,91% et 73,21%. Ces resultats montrent que les feuilles et les racines sont douees de proprietes anti-inflammatoires et analgesiques. Dans une perspective de sauvegarde de l’espece, les feuilles pourraient etre utilisees a la place des racines dans la prise en charge de ces pathologies. Mots cles : Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, anti-inflammatoire, analgesique